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1
Taylor, Michael A., Abel Centella, John Charlery, et al. "The Precis Caribbean Story: Lessons and Legacies." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94, no. 7 (2013): 1065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00235.1.
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By the beginning of the current century, there was heightened recognition that the Caribbean is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Yet, there was very little climate change science information for the region and at the scale of the small islands that make up most of the region. To fill the gap, a group of regional scientists representing three institutions and four territories (Barbados, Belize, Cuba, and Jamaica) initiated a project to provide dynamically downscaled climate change information for the Caribbean. The Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS)-Caribbean initiative was premised on a shared workload with goals to build regional capacity to provide climate change information for the region from within the region, to provide much needed climate information in the shortest possible time frame, and to create a platform for sharing the information as widely as possible. Ten years later offers the opportunity for retrospection and evaluation, particularly since a phase 2 initiative is being formulated. By both accident and design, the legacies of the PRECIS-Caribbean initiative include i) the positioning of the Caribbean to pose and answer for itself some of the emerging second-generation climate change questions; ii) the emergence of a regional template for capacity building in the sciences through cooperation; iii) an expanded regional capacity to undertake climate science; and iv) a significant body of climate change and climate science knowledge relevant to and at the scale of the Caribbean region.
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Mackay, Elizabeth A., and Andrew Spencer. "The future of Caribbean tourism: competition and climate change implications." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 1 (2017): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-11-2016-0069.
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Purpose This conceptual paper examines the Caribbean tourism sector, its growth, performance, importance and its vulnerability to climate change. The purpose of this paper is to serve as an introduction to the on-going conversation around climate change and the socioeconomic impacts likely to be experienced in tourism-dependent Caribbean territories. Design/methodology/approach The Caribbean is used as the context of this work. A broad perspective was adopted to paint a picture of the wider implications. The region is represented by a multiplicity of country profiles, both in physical and socio-economic characteristics; this warrants a broad assessment of the issues examined here. Findings This work shows that the Caribbean tourism sectors face significant future threats related to both competitiveness and climate change impacts. For a region so heavily dependent on coastal- and marine-related tourism attractions, adaptation and resilience are critical issues facing Caribbean tourism. An effective approach to building resilience to climate change requires extensive regional cooperation. Research limitations/implications While there is much published on the matter of climate change implications in the general global context, there is considerably less published work specifically examining the likely effects climate change will have on the special socio-economic features of the Caribbean and on the tourism industry in particular. Practical implications The lack of extensive and ongoing research dedicated to climate change implications for Caribbean tourism, while limiting the scope of this work, does highlight a gap and open the door for future work that examines, in greater detail both collectively and on an individual country basis, the climate change implications for tourism industries throughout the region. Social implications Climate change vulnerabilities in the region present a significant threat to economic development, employment and food security among others. Coastal flooding, infrastructural damage and the potential displacement of coastal communities present significant impediments to the quality of life of Caribbean nationals. The social implications necessitate further in-depth study to inform the development of adaptation strategies that may secure the tourism industry and the livelihoods and lifestyles of the people. Originality/value This work is original in its evaluation of the viewpoints of climate change vulnerability specific to the Caribbean tourism sector.
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Campbell, Jayaka D., Michael A. Taylor, Arnoldo Bezanilla-Morlot, et al. "Generating Projections for the Caribbean at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 °C from a High-Resolution Ensemble." Atmosphere 12, no. 3 (2021): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030328.
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Six members of the Hadley Centre’s Perturbed Physics Ensemble for the Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions (QUMP) project are downscaled using the PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies) RCM (Regional Climate Model). Climate scenarios at long-term temperature goals (LTTGs) of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 °C above pre-industrial warming levels are generated for the Caribbean and six sub-regions for annual and seasonal timescales. Under a high emissions scenario, the LTTGs are attained in the mid-2020s, end of the 2030s, and the early 2050s, respectively. At 1.5 °C, the region is slightly cooler than the globe, land areas warmer than ocean, and for the later months, the north is warmer than the south. The far western and southern Caribbean including the eastern Caribbean island chain dry at 1.5 °C (up to 50%). At 2.0 °C, the warming and drying intensify and there is a reversal of a wet tendency in parts of the north Caribbean. Drying in the rainfall season accounts for much of the annual change. There is limited further intensification of the region-wide drying at 2.5 °C. Changes in wind strength in the Caribbean low-level jet region may contribute to the patterns seen. There are implications for urgent and targeted adaptation planning in the Caribbean.
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Vaughn, Sarah E. "Caribbean Technological Thought and Climate Adaptation." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 24, no. 2 (2020): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-8604526.
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This essay offers a critical perspective on the role technology plays in the Caribbean formation of climate adaptation. It locates this critical perspective in “the embodiment of technology,” a concept in the writings of the late political economist Norman Girvan that helped him describe how Caribbean states acquire technology and related infrastructures despite at times not having resources to maintain them. The embodiment of technology is still important today for mapping the possibilities of climate adaptation—that is, if technology transfer is a historically embodied process, then climate adaptation is a measure of how people recognize the political failures and the potentials of technology over time. The essay suggests that attention to Girvan’s writings is central to critical Caribbean scholarship on climate change for two reasons: his writings reflect the forms of intergenerational responsibility that shape climate adaptation, and they examine the shifting meaning of technology to regional identity.
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Deonarinesingh, Anastasia. "Climate Change and Caribbean Coral Reefs." Caribbean Quilt 1 (November 18, 2012): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/caribbeanquilt.v1i0.19043.
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Anastasia, a student at the University of Toronto, St. George, is pursuing a Bachelor of Science Double Major in Physics and Caribbean Studies and a Minor in Mathematics. She is a pianist, plays the guitar and steelpan and spends her free time arranging music. Her love for soca music and steelpan in no way takes away from her passion for classical piano and physics. As a person of the Trinidadian Diaspora with many interests, Ana has decided to look at the Caribbean from a different perspective by combining her love for science and the region.
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Pulwarty, Roger S., Leonard A. Nurse, and Ulric O. Trotz. "Caribbean Islands in a Changing Climate." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 52, no. 6 (2010): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2010.522460.
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Jury, Mark R. "Impact of East Pacific La Niña on Caribbean Climate." Atmosphere 16, no. 4 (2025): 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040485.
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Statistical cluster analysis applied to monthly 1–100 m ocean temperatures reveals El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dipole patterns with a leading mode having opposing centers of action across the dateline and tropical east Pacific. We focus on the La Niña cold phase and study its impact on the Caribbean climate over the period of 1980–2024. East dipole time scores are used to identify composite years, and anomaly patterns are calculated for Jan-Jun and Jul-Dec. Convective responses over the Caribbean exhibit seasonal contrasts: dry winter–spring and wet summer–autumn. Trade winds and currents across the southern Caribbean weaken and lead to anomalous warming of upper ocean temperatures. Sustained coastal upwelling off Peru and Ecuador during east La Niña is teleconnected with easterly wind shear and tropical cyclogenesis over the Caribbean during summer, leading to costly impacts. This ocean–atmosphere coupling is quite different from the more common central Pacific ENSO dipole.
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Plummer, Nicole, Marisa Wilson, Inna Yaneva-Toraman, et al. "Recipes for Resilience: Engaging Caribbean Youth in Climate Action and Food Heritage through Stories and Song." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (2022): 8717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148717.
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This paper presents findings from the Recipes for Resilience project, an international, interdisciplinary collaboration between Caribbean and UK scholars of history, geography, anthropology, cultural studies, development studies, ethnobotany, and climate-risk studies, and the research partners, the Caribbean Youth Environment Network. The purpose of the project was to investigate how agrifood heritage may be mobilized in creative ways to engage Caribbean youth in climate action and justice. The project utilized arts and humanities methods, such as storytelling, songwriting, online games, and brief research-led talks, culminating in the co-created song: “Food and Resistance for Climate Resilience”. The results of the project provide evidence that climate action requires arts and humanities methods to appeal to youth, as opposed to purely fact-based or scientific forms of climate communication. We conclude that co-creative methods such as music and storytelling can inspire youth to engage in climate action, in this case through a (re)valuation culinary and agricultural heritage.
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Campbell, Jayaka D., Michael A. Taylor, Tannecia S. Stephenson, Rhodene A. Watson, and Felicia S. Whyte. "Future climate of the Caribbean from a regional climate model." International Journal of Climatology 31, no. 12 (2010): 1866–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.2200.
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Sheller, Mimi. "Thinking Beyond Coloniality: Toward Radical Caribbean Futures." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 25, no. 2 (2021): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-9384360.
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This essay reviews Aaron Kamugisha’s reading of the works of C. L. R. James and Sylvia Wynter in his 2019 book Beyond Coloniality: Citizenship and Freedom in the Caribbean Intellectual Tradition. Kamugisha issues a resounding call to reenergize the radical Caribbean intellectual tradition, saving us from our own alienation, colonization, and ambivalence. This essay takes inspiration from Beyond Coloniality to respond to the climate-political-social-cultural crisis in the Caribbean and to think through the possibilities for futurity in relation to reparative justice and ecological repair. It considers how the multiple devastations of recent “unnatural disasters” in the Caribbean are the outcome of the coloniality of climate, the deadly logics of racial capitalism, and the persistence of antiblack racism globally. The coloniality of climate calls for attention to repair, care, and reparations. We need to ask, Who is responsible, who is harmed, and who should be accountable?
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Appendini, Christian M., Alec Torres-Freyermuth, Paulo Salles, Jose López-González, and E. Tonatiuh Mendoza. "Wave Climate and Trends for the Gulf of Mexico: A 30-Yr Wave Hindcast." Journal of Climate 27, no. 4 (2014): 1619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00206.1.
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Abstract This paper describes wave climate and variability in the Gulf of Mexico based on a 30-yr wave hindcast. The North American Regional Reanalysis wind fields are employed to drive a third-generation spectral wave model with high spatial (0.005°–0.06°) and temporal (3 hourly) resolution from 1979 through 2008. The wave hindcast information is validated using National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) data and altimeter wave information (GlobWave). The model performance is satisfactory (r2 ~ 0.90) in the Gulf of Mexico and to a lesser extent in the Caribbean Sea (r2 ~ 0.87) where only locally generated waves are considered. However, the waves generated by the Caribbean low-level jet (CLLJ) are discussed in this work. Subsequently, the yearly/monthly mean and extreme wave climates are characterized based on the (30 yr) wave hindcast information. The model results show that the mean wave climate is mainly modulated by winter cold fronts (nortes) in the Gulf of Mexico, whereas extreme wave climate is modulated by both hurricane and norte. Extreme wave heights in the Gulf of Mexico have increased at a rate of 0.07–0.08 m yr−1 in September/October because of increased cyclone intensity in the last decade. However, there is no significant trend when considering the annual statistics for extreme events. Furthermore, modeling results also suggest that the CLLJ modulates the mean wave climate in the Caribbean Sea and controls the rate of mean wave height increase (0.03 m yr−1) in the Caribbean. However, these later results need to be corroborated by extending the computational domain in order to include the swell coming from the Atlantic Ocean.
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Cooper, Sarah, Patrick Cloos, Christiana Abraham, Nickez McPherson, Terrilia Ravaliere, and Fiona Harris-Glenville. "What can be said about risks, vulnerabilities, and adaptation to climate change in Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS)? The case of Dominica. A qualitative study." PLOS Climate 4, no. 4 (2025): e0000275. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000275.
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Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are qualified as disproportionately vulnerable to climate change, including climate extremes like hurricanes. Yet, there is a paucity of research regarding climate risks that refer to health and human mobility, and there is a need for vulnerability and adaptation assessment in Caribbean SIDS. Our study discusses risks and vulnerabilities including local adaptive capacity in a Caribbean context to inform future adaptation measures to climate change. Our discussion is based on qualitative data collected in the Caribbean islands of Dominica and Guadeloupe. The data emanates from semi-structured interviews organized between March 2020 and January 2021 with people who were either displaced within Dominica following climate extremes that struck Dominica in 2015 (Tropical storm Erika) and 2017 (Hurricane Maria), and also with people who migrated to Guadeloupe in 2017. Interview guides were based on conceptual frameworks on climate change, migration and health, and vulnerability to climate change. Data was analyzed deductively, based on frameworks and inductively to allow new codes to emerge. Participants demonstrated diverse perspectives on climate change. The study highlighted the significance of social ties and resources in supporting local adaptive capacity and mobility in response to climate extremes. Agriculture’s vulnerability raised concerns for long-term economic implications and food security. Some recommendations for building local adaptive capacity to climate change underscore the need for knowledge and information exchange between actors and institutions, and community inclusion; equity; enhanced coordination between government and local actors and decentralisation; and public health programmes and resources. Institutions such as health, education and media should be strengthened to build adaptive capacities for communities in the face of climate change.
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Lowe, Rachel, Sadie J. Ryan, Roché Mahon, et al. "Building resilience to mosquito-borne diseases in the Caribbean." PLOS Biology 18, no. 11 (2020): e3000791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000791.
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Small island developing states in the Caribbean are among the most vulnerable countries on the planet to climate variability and climate change. In the last 3 decades, the Caribbean region has undergone frequent and intense heat waves, storms, floods, and droughts. This has had a detrimental impact on population health and well-being, including an increase in infectious disease outbreaks. Recent advances in climate science have enhanced our ability to anticipate hydrometeorological hazards and associated public health challenges. Here, we discuss progress towards bridging the gap between climate science and public health decision-making in the Caribbean to build health system resilience to extreme climatic events. We focus on the development of climate services to help manage mosquito-transmitted disease epidemics. There are numerous areas of ongoing biological research aimed at better understanding the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. Here, we emphasise additional factors that affect our ability to operationalise this biological understanding. We highlight a lack of financial resources, technical expertise, data sharing, and formalised partnerships between climate and health communities as major limiting factors to developing sustainable climate services for health. Recommendations include investing in integrated climate, health and mosquito surveillance systems, building regional and local human resource capacities, and designing national and regional cross-sectoral policies and national action plans. This will contribute towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and maximising regional development partnerships and co-benefits for improved health and well-being in the Caribbean.
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Gamble, Douglas W., and Scott Curtis. "Caribbean precipitation: review, model and prospect." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 32, no. 3 (2008): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133308096027.
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The study of Caribbean climate pre-1990 focused almost exclusively on attempts to link spatial patterns in climatic variables to physical processes. Much of this research assumed a `simple' regional climate, warm year round with a wet season dominated by tropical cyclones, but researchers soon found that a precipitation regionalization of the Caribbean was not as straightforward and simple. Consequently, a satisfactory understanding of the regional precipitation climate has eluded researchers for much of the second half of the twentieth century. Recently, with the increased availability and quality of satellite and precipitation data, researchers have begun to use gridded data sets to identify the spatial boundaries of the bimodal precipitation region and the atmospheric processes associated with the two maxima and minimum in precipitation. The findings of these most recent studies can be combined to construct a five part (North Atlantic high pressure, low level Caribbean jet, subsidence caused by Central America convection, basin wide increased wind shear, and divergence around Jamaica) conceptual Caribbean precipitation model that begins to address spatial variability in the bimodal structure of annual rainfall and the development of the midsummer minimum in precipitation. Such a regional precipitation climate model provides hypotheses to be tested and investigated in future research. Further, researchers must work towards a more effective and clear communication of the bimodal nature of Caribbean precipitation and the associated summer decrease in precipitation, integrate upper air analysis into the current working hypotheses, and further examine the interannual to interdecadal variability of the Caribbean midsummer drought for prediction purposes.
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Macpherson, Cheryl, and Muge Akpinar-Elci. "Impacts of Climate Change on Caribbean Life." American Journal of Public Health 103, no. 1 (2013): e6-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2012.301095.
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Cambers, Gillian. "Caribbean beach changes and climate change adaptation." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 12, no. 2 (2009): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634980902907987.
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Baptiste, April Karen, and Kevon Rhiney. "Climate justice and the Caribbean: An introduction." Geoforum 73 (July 2016): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.04.008.
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Douglas, Kirk Osmond, Karl Payne, Gilberto Sabino-Santos, Peter Chami, and Troy Lorde. "The Impact of Climate on Human Dengue Infections in the Caribbean." Pathogens 13, no. 9 (2024): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090756.
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Climate change is no longer a hypothetical problem in the Caribbean but a new reality to which regional public health systems must adapt. One of its significant impacts is the increased transmission of infectious diseases, such as dengue fever, which is endemic in the region, and the presence of the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector responsible for transmitting the disease. (1) Methods: To assess the association between climatic factors and human dengue virus infections in the Caribbean, we conducted a systematic review of published studies on MEDLINE and Web of Science databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. (2) Results: In total, 153 papers were identified, with 27 studies selected that met the inclusion criteria ranging from the northern and southern Caribbean. Rainfall/precipitation and vapor pressure had a strong positive association with dengue incidence, whereas the evidence for the impact of temperatures was mixed. (3) Conclusions: The interaction between climate and human dengue disease in the Caribbean is complex and influenced by multiple factors, including waste management, infrastructure risks, land use changes, and challenged public health systems. Thus, more detailed research is necessary to understand the complexity of dengue within the wider Caribbean and achieve better dengue disease management.
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Jury, Mark R. "Resolution-Dependent Perspectives on Caribbean Hydro-Climate Change." Hydrology 7, no. 4 (2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7040093.
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Near-surface winds around the mountainous Caribbean islands contribute to orographic lifting and thermal diurnal rainfall that requires mesoscale analysis. Here, a new perspective is presented via high-resolution satellite and reanalysis products. Singular value decomposition is applied to 5 km cold-cloud duration satellite data to understand the leading mode of seasonal hydro-climate variability and its regional controls. The spatial loadings reflect wet islands in a dry marine climate, while temporal amplitude is modulated by the large-scale zonal circulation. When summer-time trade winds weaken, daytime confluence around Caribbean islands enlarges, gathering and lifting more moisture. In addition to the static geographic forcing, transient easterly waves impart the majority of marine rainfall between June and September. Higher resolution products capture the thermal orographic effect and reveal upward trends in island rainfall and soil moisture over the satellite era, while lower resolution products miss this effect. The climate of mountainous Caribbean islands is trending toward increased runoff and soil moisture.
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Vaughn, Sarah E. "The Making of Caribbean Approaches to Climate Adaptation." Current History 123, no. 850 (2024): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2024.123.850.63.
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This article considers the social institutions, expertise, and technologies shaping commitments to climate adaptation across the Caribbean. The historical experience of modernity in the region can provide insight into the challenges and opportunities of current global climate negotiations. As greenhouse gas emissions steadily increase, Caribbean scientists and political leaders have taken urgent steps to develop state-sponsored partnerships for projects that combat some of the region’s most destructive risks, including floods, hurricanes, and sea level rise. But these projects have tended to prioritize big science over other knowledge forms, demonstrating that climate adaptation materializes around three major concerns: data, vulnerability, and climate justice.
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Sookram, Sandra, Roger Hosein, Leera Boodram, and George Saridakis. "Determining Factors of FDI Flows to Selected Caribbean Countries." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 2 (2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15020048.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a vital ingredient in achieving sustained growth in the Caribbean region. However, FDI inflows have been affected by issues such as market factors, trade barriers, costs factors, investment climate, political and foreign exchange stability. To this end, this paper examines the factors affecting FDI flows into Caribbean countries. We argue that Small Island Developing States in the Caribbean (SIDSC) can be affected by issues such as their small market size, high cost of energy, proneness to exogenous shocks from commodity prices, natural disasters and climate change. A point to note is that countries in the Caribbean with natural resources are expected to have biased FDI inflows. Additionally, countries throughout the Caribbean have different economic and productive structures and unique issues that can affect them based on their individual characteristics. To this end, a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) model is used to determine the factors affecting FDI inflows in the Caribbean over the period 2000 to 2019. The findings reveal that GDP growth, natural resource rents, gross capital formation and population growth are significant factors influencing growth in the Caribbean region.
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Taylor, Michael A., Leonardo A. Clarke, Abel Centella, et al. "Future Caribbean Climates in a World of Rising Temperatures: The 1.5 vs 2.0 Dilemma." Journal of Climate 31, no. 7 (2018): 2907–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0074.1.
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A 10-member ensemble from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is used to analyze the Caribbean’s future climate when mean global surface air temperatures are 1.5°, 2.0°, and 2.5°C above preindustrial (1861–1900) values. The global warming targets are attained by the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s respectively for RCP4.5. The Caribbean on average exhibits smaller mean surface air temperature increases than the globe, although there are parts of the region that are always warmer than the global warming targets. In comparison to the present (using a 1971–2000 baseline), the Caribbean domain is 0.5° to 1.5°C warmer at the 1.5°C target, 5%–10% wetter except for the northeast and southeast Caribbean, which are drier, and experiences increases in annual warm spells of more than 100 days. At the 2.0°C target, there is additional warming by 0.2°–1.0°C, a further extension of warm spells by up to 70 days, a shift to a predominantly drier region (5%–15% less than present day), and a greater occurrence of droughts. The climate patterns at 2.5°C indicate an intensification of the changes seen at 2.0°C. The shift in the rainfall pattern between 1.5°C (wet) and 2.0°C (dry) for parts of the domain has implications for regional adaptation pursuits. The results provide some justification for the lobby by the Caribbean Community and Small Island Developing States to limit global warming to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels, as embodied in the slogan “1.5 to Stay Alive.”
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Soto-Centeno, J. Angel, Margaret O'brien, and Nancy B. Simmons. "The Importance of Late Quaternary Climate Change and Karst on Distributions of Caribbean Mormoopid Bats." American Museum Novitates 3847, no. 3847 (2015): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14816174.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The bat family Mormoopidae includes three species with distributions in the Caribbean. These taxa—Mormoops blainvillei, Pteronotus parnellii, and P. quadridens—roost predominantly in hot cave chambers where temperatures may reach 40° C and humidity is close to 100%. We tested the hypothesis that mormoopid bat extirpations in this region were due to climatic changes and the loss of suitable cave environments due to flooding caused by sea level rise associated with the late Pleistocene to Holocene (ca. 10 ka) climate change transition. Ecological niche models (ENMs) were developed to estimate the current, mid-Holocene, and Last Glacial Maximum distributions of these three bat species and to assess whether suitable climatic habitat for these taxa had been stable across time in the Caribbean. Additionally, we examined the importance of karst formations (where hot caves typically form) as a predictor for the distributions of Caribbean mormoopid bats. Our results show that mormoopid bat distributions in the Caribbean have remained relatively stable over time with climate ENMs indicating up to a 19% expansion in the amount of suitable habitat from late Pleistocene to the present. Presence of karst was a good predictor when used alone or when combined as karst-climate ENMs. Fossil evidence shows that some populations of mormoopids became extirpated as recently as 3.6 ka. These data, taken together with our conclusion that suitable climate habitat for mormoopid bats existed in the Caribbean beyond late Pleistocene to Holocene transition, suggest that these bats may have survived this climate change event by roosting outside their characteristic hot cave environment.
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Bastidas-Salamanca, Martha, and Juan Gabriel Rueda-Bayona. "Effect of Climate Variability Events over the Colombian Caribbean Offshore Wind Resource." Water 13, no. 22 (2021): 3150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13223150.
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The need for reducing the CO2 emissions and fossil fuel dependence of several countries generated a growing interest for the Renewables. The Caribbean Sea is characterized by persistent and high magnitude winds, which suggest an important source of offshore wind energy. Recent studies reported that the Colombian Caribbean has a relevant opportunity for developing the offshore wind technology which could complement the energy production when the hydroelectric system is under low generation due to persistent dry conditions generated by El Niño events. The offshore wind energy may complement the energy offer of Colombia. Hence, understanding the impact of climate variability events in the Caribbean over the wind magnitude, contributes to the knowledge of the resource availability for a better planning of future offshore wind farms. In this sense, this study analyzed 39 years of Reanalysis wind data through a time series analysis of the Caribbean to identify the lowest wind speed velocities and when and why they occurred. The results showed that winds of the study area represented by the Caribbean Low level, showed the lowest wind speeds in the short, mid, and long term due to the influence of the seasons, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO).
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KOVALEV, YURI. "CLIMATE POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN." History and Modern Perspectives 4, no. 3 (2022): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2022-4-3-41-50.
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The article deals with the climate policy of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C). The place of the region in the global structure of greenhouse gas production, their dynamics in the period 1990 - 2018 is analyzed, the relationship between the economic development of the region and the volume of GHG emissions is demonstrated. The main directions of the climate policy of the LA&C countries, the influence of political, social, and economic factors on the climate policy of individual countries are studied. Alternative ways and strategies of climate policy are shown on the example of Bolivia and Ecuador. An analysis of climate measures and conflict potential on issues of environmental modernization is given. In conclusion, the author's scheme for assessing the level of climate policy of the major states of the region according to their goals set in the framework of the Paris Agreement (UN NDC).
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Barreto Sánchez, David Eduardo, aura Gutiérrez Escobar, Catalina Toro Pérez, et al. "Justicia alimentaria, de la tierra y climática en el Caribe: respuestas sistémicas al COVID-19 como estado de emergencia climática prolongada." Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional, no. 60 (December 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53368/ep60macep03.
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Through an interdisciplinary conversation in the context of the project: Food Insecurity in Times of Climate Change: Sharing and Learning from Bottom-up Responses in the Caribbean Region, we expose the voices, history and knowledge of local communities and activists in Barbuda, Belize, Colombia (San Andres and Providencia), Jamaica and Puerto Rico to the food insecurity and ecological crisis in the Caribbean. The composite effect of climate injustice and the COVID-19 pandemic is outlined as anthropogenic crises that thrive on inequality and dependency in the Caribbean. The community experiences of the project countries reveal an emergence of knowledge and diverse ways of producing food and relating to the environment as alternatives to development. It is a criticism of the solutions imposed from above that ignore the knowledge, needs and practices of popular ecologies in the Caribbean.
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Camarena, Amaury, Aline Kaji, and Gabby Mauti. "CLIMATE RESILIENT COASTAL SOLUTIONS IN THE CARIBBEAN CONTEXT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (October 2, 2023): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.165.
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Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face a unique set of development challenges and are exposed to some of the most extreme weather events. While the Caribbean region has a limited contribution to climate change drivers, such as greenhouse gas emissions, the region is significantly impacted by the effects of climate change, especially sea level rise, increase in tropical storm intensity, and ocean warming and acidification. The objective of this study is to describe key SIDS case studies completed in recent years, including challenges and opportunities, and to highlight the unique characteristics and lessons learnt that led to the development of the design framework.
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Piasecki, Michael, and Eric Harmsen. "Hydrology in the Caribbean Basin." Hydrology 9, no. 2 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9020022.
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The idea for this Special Issue emerged from the recognition that the Caribbean Basin is fascinatingly diverse (26 countries border it), and a vast majority of its population are under threat from the intense pressures of climate change and human impacts [...]
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Moulton, Alex A., and Mario R. Machado. "Bouncing Forward After Irma and Maria: Acknowledging Colonialism, Problematizing Resilience and Thinking Climate Justice." Journal of Extreme Events 06, no. 01 (2019): 1940003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737619400037.
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The 2017 hurricane season caused widespread devastation across Central America, the Caribbean and the South-Eastern United States. Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria were among the most intense Atlantic hurricanes and the costliest for the Circum-Caribbean region. For the small islands of the Caribbean, the hurricanes highlighted the acute vulnerability to climate change. The scale of physical ruin and level of social dislocation, however, do not just reflect the outcomes of a natural hazard. Continued structural dependency and outright entanglement in colonial relationships complicated recovery and coordination of aid to affected communities across the region. We argue that the experiences and outcomes of hazards like Harvey, Irma and Maria therefore invite examinations of persisting colonial power dynamics in discussions of climate hazard. Using Foucauldian theory for such an examination, we problematize simply championing resilience, without noting the possibilities for its use as a biopolitical regime of governing life. Such an appraisal, we suggest, might clarify a path toward reparations and climate change justice.
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Taylor, Michael A., Tannecia S. Stephenson, A. Anthony Chen, and Kimberly A. Stephenson. "Climate Change and the Caribbean: Review and Response." Caribbean Studies 40, no. 2 (2012): 169–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/crb.2012.0020.
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Cooper, Jago, and Matthew Peros. "The archaeology of climate change in the Caribbean." Journal of Archaeological Science 37, no. 6 (2010): 1226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.12.022.
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Bishop, Matthew Louis, and Anthony Payne. "Climate Change and the Future of Caribbean Development." Journal of Development Studies 48, no. 10 (2012): 1536–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.693166.
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Singh, Bhawan. "Climate changes in the greater and southern Caribbean." International Journal of Climatology 17, no. 10 (1997): 1093–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0088(199708)17:10<1093::aid-joc187>3.0.co;2-l.
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Scobie, Michelle. "Accountability in climate change governance and Caribbean SIDS." Environment, Development and Sustainability 20, no. 2 (2017): 769–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9909-9.
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The Lancet Planetary Health. "Climate risks in Latin America and the Caribbean." Lancet Planetary Health 9, no. 4 (2025): e245. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(25)00090-7.
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Dick-Forde, Emily Gaynor, Elin Merethe Oftedal, and Giovanna Merethe Bertella. "Fiction or reality? Hotel leaders’ perception on climate action and sustainable business models." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 12, no. 3 (2020): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-02-2020-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of key actors in the Caribbean’s hotel industry on the development of business models that are inclusive of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and resilient to climate change challenges. The objectives are to gain a better understanding of the central actors’ perspective and to explore the potential of scenario thinking as a pragmatic tool to provoke deep and practical reflections on business model innovation. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on a questionnaire survey conducted via email to senior personnel in the hotel industry across the region as well as to national and regional tourism and hospitality associations/agencies and government ministries. The questionnaire used a mix of close- and open-ended questions, as well as fictional scenarios to gain insight about perceptions from key actors in the tourism sector, including respondents’ personal beliefs about the reality of climate science and the need for action at the levels of individuals, governments, local, regional and multinational institutions. Findings The study found that while the awareness of climate change and willingness to action is high, respondents perceive that hotels are not prepared for the climate crisis. Respondents had an overall view that the hotel sector in the Caribbean was unprepared for the negative impacts of climate change. Recommendations from the study include the need for immediate action on the part of all to both raise awareness and implement focused climate action to secure the future of tourism in the Caribbean. Research limitations/implications The use of a survey has considerable challenges, including low response rates and the limitations of using perceptions to understand a phenomenon. The survey was conducted across the Caribbean from The Bahamas to Belize and down to Trinidad and Tobago so that views from across the similar, yet diverse, regions could be gathered, included and compared for a comprehensive view of perceptions and possible ideas for climate smart action. Practical implications The 2030 Agenda for SDGs is based on policy and academic debates. This study helps to bridge the academic and policy discussion with the needs of the industry. Originality/value This study contributes a consideration for climate-resilient business models for hotels in the tourism industry as a definitive action toward achieving SDG 13. This combined with the use of fictional climate change scenarios to access perceptions about the future of the hotel industry in the light of climate change, adds originality to the study.
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Guzmán, Odette, Edgar Mendoza, Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek, and Rodolfo Silva. "Effects of Climate-Change-Related Phenomena on Coastal Ecosystems in the Mexican Caribbean." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (2023): 12042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151512042.
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The intensity of climate change impacts on coastal ecosystems is determined by a combination of global, regional, and local drivers. However, many studies on the impact of climate change on ecosystems only consider trends associated with global changes. To assess the global, regional, and local trends, this research analyzes different climates in the coastal zone of the Mexican Caribbean. These drivers include sea level rise in synergy with tectonic activity, sea surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, waves and winds. Marine climate variability from 1980 to 2020 was assessed from historical records by local/governmental agencies and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting. An up-to-date diagnosis of local changes of the coastal ecosystems was made, the magnitudes of change differ from the global means, which must be considered when identifying local climate change impacts. Coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves, coastal dunes, sandy beaches and seagrass meadows, showed no changes consistent with geophysical drivers associated with climate change. The exception was coral reefs, where increasing SST is related to coral bleaching. Regional and local anthropic drivers or disturbances other than those related to climate change, including eutrophication, massive influxes of the brown algae Sargasso and changes in land use, induced degradation of the coastal ecosystems. Communities often do not have the capacity to cope with global climate change, but the main impacts on coastal ecosystems in the coastal zone studied were induced by regional and local drivers/disturbances that can be better managed using monitoring programmes and specific management strategies. Climate change induces pressures on coastal ecosystems that affect their functioning, physiology and species distribution; therefore, this study highlights the need to understand how climate-change-related phenomena will affect ecosystems and which geophysical drivers may have priority effects. It also highlights the importance of developing robust regional/local databases to enable stakeholders to diagnose the state of coastal ecosystems and to monitor the effectiveness of actions to prevent or reverse undesirable changes.
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Miller, Paul W., and Craig A. Ramseyer. "Did the Climate Forecast System Anticipate the 2015 Caribbean Drought?" Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 6 (2020): 1245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0284.1.
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AbstractIn groundwater-limited settings, such as Puerto Rico and other Caribbean islands, societal, ecological, and agricultural water needs depend on regular rainfall. Though long-range numerical weather predication models explicitly predict precipitation, such quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) critically failed to detect the historic 2015 Caribbean drought. Consequently, this work examines the feasibility of developing a drought early warning tool using the Gálvez–Davison index (GDI), a tropical convective potential index, derived from the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2). Drought forecasts are focused on Puerto Rico’s early rainfall season (ERS; April–July), which is susceptible to intrusions of strongly stable Saharan air and represents the largest source of hydroclimatic variability for the island. A fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–land model, the CFSv2 can plausibly detect the transatlantic advection of low-GDI Saharan air with multimonth lead times. The mean ERS GDI is calculated from semidaily CFSv2 forecasts beginning 1 January of each year between 2012 and 2018 and monitored as the initialization approaches 1 April. The CFSv2 demonstrates a broad region of statistically significant correlations with observed GDI across the eastern Caribbean up to 30 days prior to the ERS. During 2015, the CFSv2 forecast a low-GDI tongue extending across the Atlantic toward the Caribbean with 60–90 days lead time and placed Puerto Rico’s 2015 ERS beneath the 15th percentile of all 1982–2018 ERS forecasts with up to 30 days lead time. A preliminary GDI-based QPF tool tested herein is a statistically significant improvement over climatology for the driest years.
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Jury, Mark R. "Atmosphere-Ocean Processes Governing Inflow to the Northern Caribbean Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 4 (2023): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040718.
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Near-surface currents entering the northern Caribbean from the Atlantic are described using ocean reanalysis at monthly to daily timescales, underpinned by satellite data assimilation. Statistical analyses involved spatial clustering into current vector modes with associated time scores for quantifying spectral power and regression onto atmospheric fields. Inflow across the Anegada, Mona, Windward (AMW) Passages peaks at ~100 m depth at ~0.2 m/s during summer and pulses at periods of 45, 100, and 365 days, and at 3, 6.5 years. The intra-seasonal periods may relate to Madden–Julian Oscillations and westward ocean Rossby waves, while inter-annual periods associate with regional climate anomalies. An empirical orthogonal function analysis demonstrates that AMW inflow varies across multiple timescales and is enhanced when the subtropical high-pressure ridge penetrates into the western Caribbean. A case study reveals key features during a surge of inflow to the northern Caribbean. Marine climate change involves heat advected poleward by currents along the western edge of the tropical Atlantic, fed through the Caribbean Sea. Consequently, the study of inflows garners wide interest.
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Douglass, Kristina, and Jago Cooper. "Archaeology, environmental justice, and climate change on islands of the Caribbean and southwestern Indian Ocean." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 15 (2020): 8254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914211117.
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Climate change impacts island communities all over the world. Sea-level rise, an increase in the frequency and intensity of severe weather events, and changes in distribution and health of marine organisms are among the most significant processes affecting island communities worldwide. On islands of the Caribbean and southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO), however, today’s climate change impacts are magnified by historical environmental injustice and colonial legacies, which have heightened the vulnerability of human and other biotic communities. For some islands, archaeological and paleoecological research offers an important record of precolonial climate change and its interplay with human lives and landscapes. The archaeological record suggests strategies and mechanisms that can inform discussions of resilience in the face of climate change. We detail climate-related challenges facing island Caribbean and SWIO communities using archaeological and paleoecological evidence for past climate change and human response and argue that these cannot be successfully addressed without an understanding of the processes that have, over time, disrupted livelihoods, reshaped land- and seascapes, threatened intergenerational ecological knowledge transfer, and led to increased inequality and climate vulnerability.
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Burne, Stella Arnaiz, Aledo A. César Dáchary, and Fernanda César Arnaiz. "Tourism: Difficulties, costs and integration in the 21st century." Smart Tourism 3, no. 2 (2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/st.v3i2.2143.
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<p>Tourism, a successful development model in the world, today faces serious challenges from the massification of large European destinations, which has generated tourism phobia, to global climate change, which has identified it as one of the activities with the highest CO<sub>2</sub> generation. In the Americas, tourism has grown at an accelerated pace, but the major Latin American and Caribbean destinations are strongly threatened by the insecurity derived from violence, drug trafficking and the impacts of climate and its threats in the region. However, the Caribbean and Mexico are pursuing one of the largest cooperation and integration projects with the creation of the Sustainable Tourism Zone of the Caribbean (STZC) at the beginning of the century.</p><div><p> </p></div>
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Rosenberg, Jonathan. "Adaptation, Official Development Assistance, and Institution Building: The Case of the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (2020): 4269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104269.
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The Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre was launched in 2005, culminating a process that included three precursor projects: Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Climate Change (1997–2001); Adapting to Climate Change in the Caribbean (2001–2004); and Mainstreaming Climate Change (2003–2009). Each benefited from multiple sources of official development assistance (ODA), clearly defined tasks, and leadership from the region’s scientific and technical communities. Shared goals and principles across the projects included: use of bottom-up participatory methods; building the technical capacity of national and regional institutions; mainstreaming adaptation in economic development programs; and partnering with governmental, non-governmental, and private sector organizations. This article applies concepts from the global environmental politics literature on interplay, environmental policy integration, and regional governance to trace the institutionalization of the Centre. Fifteen semi-structured interviews and reviews of project documents reveal how the Centre built capacity to plan and manage projects, act as a regional hub for technical support and data, participate in the multi-level political interplay required to secure ODA, while exploring other funding sources; and the extent to which it has been able to maintain its commitment to bottom-up, participatory methods, effective internal and external communications, social assessment, and monitoring and evaluation of projects.
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Spencer, Nekeisha, and Eric Strobl. "Hurricanes, climate change, and social welfare: evidence from the Caribbean." Climatic Change 163, no. 1 (2020): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02810-6.
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AbstractWe examine whether Caribbean islands will be worse off as hurricane activity alters under climate change. To this end, we construct island level damages for synthetic storm tracks generated from four climate models under current and future climate settings. Using a flexible stochastic dominance preference ordering framework, we find that the fat-tailed and uncertain nature of the distribution of storms makes it difficult to conclude that the region will be worse off under climate change, and is likely to depend on the degree of adaptation.
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Carnegie, Charles V. "The fate of ethnography : native social science in the English-speaking Caribbean." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 66, no. 1-2 (1992): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002002.
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Reviews the research tradition in the social sciences in the post-War Anglophone Caribbean. Painting a general picture of the intellectual climate in the social sciences divisions of the UWI, Carnegie concludes that most studies have dealt with economic and macro-sociological topics. Moreover, there has been a consistent emphasis on the larger nations of the British Caribbean.
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Casey-Lee Virgil, Christian, Marcia Nathai-Balkissoon, and Kit Fai Pun. "Climate Change Adaptation Planning in Selected Caribbean Countries: Is Enough Being Done?" West Indian Journal of Engineering 44, no. 2 (2022): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/inal2196.
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The climate is changing, and sustainable adaptation measures are required to meet the resulting challenges. Several effects linked to climate change can be highly disruptive, such as rising sea levels and coastal reef destruction. The severity of the impact and capacity to adapt to the effects of climate change is unevenly distributed at various spatial levels. The Caribbean is more vulnerable to climate change than other regions. There is a need to plan strategically in managing the multiple consequences of climate change. This study evaluates the synergies between adaptation plans and policies and guidelines in climate change adaptation. It attempts to audit the national adaptation planning documents in climate change developed by government agencies to cope with the challenges of climate change among respective countries. The study explores the factors underlying observed discrepancies and performance shortcomings and utilises information from a review of research literature to contextualise critical findings in adaptation measures and research. Synthesising the determinants and barriers would aid with closing performance gaps. The study concludes by providing evidence-based recommendations that shed light on the design and planning for sustainable adaptation measures in developing nations of the Caribbean.
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Rutty, Michelle, Daniel Scott, Lindsay Matthews, et al. "An Inter-Comparison of the Holiday Climate Index (HCI:Beach) and the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) to Explain Canadian Tourism Arrivals to the Caribbean." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (2020): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040412.
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Through an empirical investigation of the historical relationship between the destination climate and tourist arrivals in the Caribbean, this study presents the first revealed preference evaluation of a climate index informed by tourists’ stated climatic preferences for coastal-beach tourism (i.e., a sun-sand-surf or 3S travel market). The goal of this multi-organization collaboration was to examine the potential application of a newly designed climate index—the Holiday Climate Index (HCI):Beach—for three Caribbean destinations (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Saint Lucia). This paper provides an overview of the evolution of climate indices, including the development of the (HCI):Beach. To test the validity of climate indices for a beach travel market, daily climate ratings based on outputs from the Tourism Climate Index and the HCI were correlated with monthly arrivals data from Canada (a key source market) at an island destination scale. The results underscore the strength of the new index, with each destination scoring consistently higher using the HCI:Beach, including a stronger relationship (R2) between index scores and tourist arrivals. These findings demonstrate the value of combining stated and revealed preference methodologies to predict tourism demand and highlight opportunities for future research.
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Emmanuel, Kwame. "Shifting tourism flows in a changing climate: policy implications for the Caribbean." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 6, no. 2 (2014): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-12-2013-0054.
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Purpose – Population growth, climate change, shortages of oil and other resources will have dramatic implication on where, when and how tourists travel in the future. This will also reshape the tourism industry for the future. Knowing what will happen in the future has always fascinated mankind from time immemorial. However, forecasting and predictions require not only a systematic approach to development but also an imagination and the ability to think and see beyond the ordinary. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to underscore the projected northward shift in tourism demand due to the global impacts of climate change and the lack of policy attention. Design/methodology/approach – A rapid assessment of the literature was conducted to explore tourism flows to the Caribbean in a changing climate and recommendations for adaptation. Findings – Tourism demand from major markets such as Europe and North America may be reduced significantly as tourists travel to other destinations, which are closer to home and have a more favourable climate. Regulation of carbon emissions from long haul flights will also influence demand substitution. Despite this projection, current policies in the Caribbean promote further development of the climate sensitive 3S model without anticipating a possible decrease in demand in the future. Research limitations/implications – Research implications include a recalibration of tourism policy and diversification of Caribbean tourism and economies. Originality/value – Recommendations are outlined for a critical issue that is not on the policy agenda.
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McLean, Natalie Melissa, Tannecia Sydia Stephenson, Michael Alexander Taylor, and Jayaka Danaco Campbell. "Characterization of Future Caribbean Rainfall and Temperature Extremes across Rainfall Zones." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/425987.
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End-of-century changes in Caribbean climate extremes are derived from the Providing Regional Climate for Impact Studies (PRECIS) regional climate model (RCM) under the A2 and B2 emission scenarios across five rainfall zones. Trends in rainfall, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature extremes from the RCM are validated against meteorological stations over 1979–1989. The model displays greater skill at representing trends in consecutive wet days (CWD) and extreme rainfall (R95P) than consecutive dry days (CDD), wet days (R10), and maximum 5-day precipitation (RX5). Trends in warm nights, cool days, and warm days were generally well reproduced. Projections for 2071–2099 relative to 1961–1989 are obtained from the ECHAM5 driven RCM. Northern and eastern zones are projected to experience more intense rainfall under A2 and B2. There is less consensus across scenarios with respect to changes in the dry and wet spell lengths. However, there is indication that a drying trend may be manifest over zone 5 (Trinidad and northern Guyana). Changes in the extreme temperature indices generally suggest a warmer Caribbean towards the end of century across both scenarios with the strongest changes over zone 4 (eastern Caribbean).
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Sheller, Mimi. "Caribbean Reconstruction and Climate Justice: Transnational Insurgent Intellectual Networks and Post-Hurricane Transformation." Journal of Extreme Events 05, no. 04 (2018): 1840001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737618400018.
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The devastating impacts of Hurricanes Irma and Maria across the northeastern Caribbean not only bring closer a world of immediate climate disaster and halting recovery, but also cast a long shadow of slow disasters and impossible futures for small island states in the face of significantly unstable and unpredictable climate patterns. In contrast to the mainstream idea of just “building back better” the paper underscores the need to also better account for the root causes of disaster risk and violent histories that still influence recovery processes at present. The paper draws on the recent debates over Caribbean reconstruction in the aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and Maria, but sets this immediate crisis in the context of longer debates over Caribbean reconstruction, reparations and climate justice. Revisiting arguments in W.E.B. DuBois’s classic sociological study of “Black Reconstruction in America”, this commentary also foregrounds Aldon Morris’s concept of “insurgent intellectual networks” to analyze the emergence of transnational “liberation capital” in the Caribbean region. These approaches help not only to ask how should we recover from or adapt to such storms, but how should major contributors to global warming pay for rebuilding, reparations, and restitution? What forms of deliberation, participation, procedural processes, and capabilities are necessary to make these determinations? Should restorative justice be linked to the Caricom demand for the European Union to pay reparations for slavery? And finally, what forms of epistemic justice are needed to recognize and support the work of insurgent intellectual networks?
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Clarke, Leonardo A., Michael A. Taylor, Abel Centella-Artola, et al. "The Caribbean and 1.5 °C: Is SRM an Option?" Atmosphere 12, no. 3 (2021): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030367.
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The Caribbean, along with other small island developing states (SIDS), have advocated for restricting global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels by the end of the current century. Solar radiation management (SRM) may be one way to achieve this goal. This paper examines the mean Caribbean climate under various scenarios of an SRM-altered versus an SRM-unaltered world for three global warming targets, namely, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. Data from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1 (GeoMIP1) were examined for two SRM scenarios: the G3 experiment where there is a gradual injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the tropical lower stratosphere starting in 2020 and terminating after 50 years, and the G4 experiment where a fixed 5 Teragram (Tg) of SO2 per year is injected into the atmosphere starting in 2020 and ending after 50 years. The results show that SRM has the potential to delay attainment of the 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 °C global warming targets. The extent of the delay varies depending on the SRM methodology but may be beyond mid-century for the 1.5 °C goal. In comparison, however, the higher temperature thresholds are both still attained before the end of century once SRM is ceased, raising questions about the value of the initial delay. The application of SRM also significantly alters mean Caribbean climate during the global warming target years (determined for a representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) world without SRM). The Caribbean is generally cooler but drier during the 1.5 °C years and similarly cool but less dry for years corresponding to the higher temperature targets. Finally, the mean Caribbean climate at 1.5 °C differs if the global warming target is achieved under SRM versus RCP4.5. The same is true for the higher warming targets. The implications of all the results are discussed as a background for determining whether SRM represents a viable consideration for Caribbean SIDS to achieve their “1.5 to stay alive” goal.