Academic literature on the topic 'Caribou des bois – Habitat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Caribou des bois – Habitat"
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Latham, A. D. M., M. C. Latham, and M. S. Boyce. "Habitat selection and spatial relationships of black bears (Ursus americanus) with woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in northeastern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 4 (April 2011): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-115.
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Populations of woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) have declined across much of their range. Wolves ( Canis lupus L., 1758) are believed to be responsible for the majority of mortality in adult female caribou; however, we hypothesize that other predators such as black bears ( Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) may be important contributors to calf mortality. We assessed habitat selection by black bears and spatial relationships of caribou – black bears during the caribou calving season in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Black bears avoided bogs and fens, while selecting upland mixed woods and various industrial features. Conversely, caribou showed strong selection for bogs and fens relative to bears, supporting the hypothesis that caribou in the boreal forest attempt to minimize predation risk by selecting peatlands to avoid areas frequented by predators. However, habitat selection by individual black bears was highly variable and some bears selected habitats similar to those selected by caribou, i.e., bogs and fens. Bears that specialize on foraging in peatlands might be responsible for some of the predation on caribou calves. Because declines in caribou populations have resulted from a combination of high adult female and calf mortalities, management actions to conserve woodland caribou should consider the entire suite of potential predators rather than focusing only on wolves.
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Latham, A. David M., M. Cecilia Latham, Mark S. Boyce, and Stan Boutin. "Spatial relationships of sympatric wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (C. latrans) with woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) during the calving season in a human-modified boreal landscape." Wildlife Research 40, no. 3 (2013): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12184.
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Context Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations have declined across most of North America. Wolf (Canis lupus) predation on adults is partially responsible for declines; however, caribou declines also can be attributed to low calf survival. Wolves and invading coyotes (C. latrans) may contribute to mortality of calves. Aim We assessed wolf and coyote food habits and population and individual level selection for caribou-preferred habitats (bogs and fens) during the caribou calving season (15 April to 30 June) in north-eastern Alberta, Canada, to determine what role these predators might play as a mortality factor for caribou calves. Methods We deployed global positioning system and very high-frequency (VHF) radio-collars on 32 wolves and nine coyotes in January 2006 – January 2008, and VHF collars on 42 adult female caribou individuals in 2003–08. We assessed wolf and coyote habitat selection using used-available resource-selection functions, and spatial overlap of wolves and coyotes with caribou using logistic regression to estimate coefficients for latent selection-difference functions. We collected and analysed scats to assess wolf and coyote food habits. Key results Wolves generally avoided caribou-preferred habitats, particularly bogs. Most coyotes selected caribou-preferred habitats (bogs and/or fens); however, relative to caribou, they were found closer to upland forests. Hair from adult and calf caribou was uncommon in wolf and coyote diet and caribou is likely to be an uncommon alternative prey for these predators. Conclusions We found that >25% of wolf packs and most coyotes selected caribou-preferred habitats during the calving season. Although caribou was not an important prey, limited secondary predation, by these predators and black bears (Ursus americanus), on adult and calf caribou is likely to be contributing to caribou population declines. Implications We caution that predation on caribou is likely to escalate as coyotes expand into this region and increasing human disturbance continues to create habitat for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), which is an important prey for both wolves and coyotes.
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Skatter, H. G., M. L. Charlebois, S. Eftestøl, D. Tsegaye, J. E. Colman, J. L. Kansas, K. Flydal, and B. Balicki. "Living in a burned landscape: woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) use of postfire residual patches for calving in a high fire – low anthropogenic Boreal Shield ecozone." Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 12 (December 2017): 975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0307.
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Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) calculated that 55% of Saskatchewan’s Boreal Shield has been disturbed by wildfire in the last 40 years. The 2012 Canadian Federal Recovery Strategy for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) states that these large-scale natural disturbances can cause caribou to cease use of portions of their range. This assumption neglects the potential habitat value of postfire residuals. We tested this assumption using 2 years of GPS data obtained from 56 female caribou to identify calving site selection. Seventy-nine calving events were identified from 91 individual calving seasons. For both calving and postcalving periods, woodland caribou preferred nonburned (>40 years) over burned habitats (≤40 years). Within burned areas, residual patches dominated by bogs–fens were preferred, indicating that burns with residuals are important woodland caribou calving habitat. The residuals may act as island refuges providing food–security, while surrounding burns provide reduced visual obstruction from which caribou can detect approaching predators. Although more data are necessary to make robust conclusions, this study provides novel insight into the ecological interactions of forest fires with woodland caribou in northern Saskatchewan, and offers important considerations regarding critical habitat identification and range-level planning to ensure all suitable caribou habitats are identified.
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Carruthers, D. R., S. H. Ferguson, R. D. Jakimchuk, and L. G. Sopuck. "Distribution and habitat use of the Bluenose caribou herd in mid-winter." Rangifer 6, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.6.2.583.
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The mid-winter distribution and densities of the Bluenose caribou herd were compared with previous surveys over six years and were similar in all years except 1981 when exceptionally mild weather prevailed. Differences in group size, distribution and habitat use between sexes were noted in 1983. Caribou were distributed disproportionately to availability of vegetation types and used lakes significantly more than expected based on their occurrence. Male groups used conifer cover more than did female-calf groups which used open areas (lakes, fens, bogs) more than males. Cow-calf groups chose areas with a higher small lake density compared to lake density generally available. Generally caribou preferred habitat between 200 and 300 m in elevation with high densities of lakes less than 1 km2 in size. Snow depths and hardness were greater in most unoccupied habitats than in occupied habitats. Wolves were associated with high densities of cow/calf groups.
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Schneider, Richard R., B. Wynes, S. Wasel, E. Dzus, and H. Hiltz. "Habitat use by caribou in northern Alberta, Canada." Rangifer 20, no. 2-3 (March 1, 2000): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.20.1.1501.
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Habitat mapping and habitat supply assessment have been identified as key elements of the Alberta Woodland Caribou Conservation Strategy. Previous studies from northeastern Alberta have shown that caribou select lowland habitat types and avoid upland. The objectives of our study were to determine whether these selection patterns are consistent across all of northern Alberta and to generate a map of habitat suitability for the entire region. Our database included over 11 000 radiotelemetry locations collected over six years from caribou across northern Alberta. We also had available a recently revised map of peatlands for the entire province. We found that polygons in the peatland map containing greater than 30% bog were selected by caribou. Fens were also selected, but not as strongly as bogs. Habitat polygons containing greater than 50% non-peat were avoided. These findings were consistent among all regions studied, and among years. The proportion of caribou relocations declined exponentially with distance from polygons classified as peatlands. Based on the observed selection patterns, we reclassified the peatland map to reflect the potential suitability of habitat for caribou across northern Alberta.
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Bradshaw, Corey J. A., Stan Boutin, Daryll M. Hebert, and A. Blair Rippin. "Winter peatland habitat selection by woodland caribou in northeastern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-185.
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Woodland caribou in northeastern Alberta are relatively sedentary, occur at low densities, and are classed as endangered in Alberta. Increasing encroachment of the forest and petroleum industries into the southern regions of the boreal woodland caribou range has highlighted the need for detailed habitat analysis for this species. We obtained approximately 1000 locations of 47 woodland caribou fitted with very high frequency telemetry collars, providing data on winter habitat use from 1991 to 1994. Telemetry data were combined with digital peatland coverages that best represented lowland habitat diversity. Woodland caribou selected forested fen peatland complexes at both the population and individual spatial scales. Woodland caribou concentrated feeding activity in forested, raised bog islands. The raised bogs provide more xeric substrate for increased lichen biomass, possibly a key factor in their selection during winter. The hypothesized connection between discontinuous permafrost and the maintenance of raised bog islands in terms of caribou forage distribution and availability is discussed.
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Rettie, Jim, Terry Rock, and Francois Messier. "Status of woodland caribou in Saskatchewan." Rangifer 18, no. 5 (March 1, 1998): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.18.5.1546.
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Recent research has shown that woodland caribou in Saskatchewan exist as relatively separate populations within a metapopulation. Preliminary analyses show that individuals within all populations are selecting peatland habitat types (i.e., fens and bogs) throughout the year. Despite an absence of hunting, populations south of the Precambrian shield appear to be declining slowly, while those on the southern margin of the shield may be declining more rapidly. The apparent population decline is likely due to high rates of predation, especially on neonates. To maintain viable caribou populations in the region, forestry operations must be managed to maintain adequate amounts of preferred habitat types and connections among populations. At a coarse scale, preferred habitat is that which acts as a refuge from predators. Additional information is required to categorize specific peatland types, as data in the existing provincial forest inventory are inadequate for both selection analysis and management purposes. Ongoing research into revisions to the forest inventory and analyses of bog and fen types selected by caribou are needed to focus future management strategies.
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Racey, Gerald D., K. Abraham, W. R. Darby, H. R. Timmermann, and Q. Day. "Can woodland caribou and the forest industry coexist: The Ontario scene." Rangifer 11, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.11.4.999.
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Ontario is in the process of developing a strategy to improve the likelihood of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and the forest industry coexisting in the province. This strategy is described within a set of proposed Timber Management Guidelines for the Provision of Woodland Caribou Habitat. The proposed guidelines advocate managing for large blocks of suitable winter habitat across caribou range, large cutovers to regenerate caribou winter habitat and the protection of traditional calving areas and travel routes. Summer habitat will be provided by the resulting mosaic. The forest industry can provide a sustainable supply of woodland caribou habitat that was traditionally maintained by wildfire.
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Armstrong, Ted (E R). "Integration of woodland caribou habitat management and forest management in northern Ontario - current status and issues." Rangifer 18, no. 5 (March 1, 1998): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.18.5.1559.
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Woodland caribou {Rangifer tarandus caribou) range across northern Ontario, occurring in both the Hudson Bay Lowlands and the Boreal Forest. Woodland caribou extend south well into the merchantable forest, occurring in licensed and/or actively managed Forest Management Units (FMU's) across the province. Caribou range has gradually but continuously receded northward over the past century. Since the early 1990's, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) has been developing and implementing a woodland caribou habitat management strategy in northwestern Ontario. The purpose of the caribou habitat strategy is to maintain woodland caribou occupancy of currently occupied range in northwestern Ontario. Long-term caribou habitat needs and predator-prey dynamics form the basis of this strategy, which requires the development of a landscape-level caribou habitat mosaic across the region within caribou range. This represents a significant change from traditional forest management approaches, which were based partially upon moose (Alces alces) habitat management principles. A number of issues and concerns regarding implications of caribou management to the forest industry are being addressed, including short-term and long-term reductions in wood supply and wood quality, and increased access costs. Other related concerns include the ability to regenerate forests to pre-harvest stand conditions, remote tourism concerns, implications for moose populations, and required information on caribou biology and habitat. The forest industry and other stakeholders have been actively involved with the OMNR in attempting to address these concerns, so that caribou habitat requirements are met while ensuring the maintenance of a viable timber industry, other forest uses and the forest ecosystem.
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Racey, Gerald D., and Edward R. Armstrong. "Towards a Caribou Habitat Management Strategy for Northwestern Ontario: Running the Gauntlet." Rangifer 16, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.16.4.1238.
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A management strategy for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) habitat is being developed in northwestern Ontario. This strategy is based upon a set of draft Timber Management Guidelines for the Provision of Woodland Caribou Habitat. These guidelines recommend maintaining a sustainable supply of winter habitat within large tracts of old forest, protecting calving areas and minimizing human disturbance. Due to the large temporal and spatial scale of caribou habitat management, an ecosystem-based approach is recommended. Public response to the strategy shows a strong dichotomy between environmental and utilitarian values among all the major stakeholder groups. The major issues raised by the public include security of industrial wood supply, quality of the knowledge base, level of awareness of caribou, economic impacts on remote communities, concern about environmental impacts and silvicultural know-how. The government is responding to these concerns as the strategy evolves. Current emphasis is placed on increasing awareness of the public, training resource managers in caribou biology, management and habitat planning, implementing interim habitat management prescriptions and studying the potential impact on wood supply. The final direction for a northwestern Ontario strategy to conserve woodland caribou habitat has yet to be decided, although a commitment has been made to strive for the conservation of woodland caribou populations and their habitat.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Caribou des bois – Habitat"
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Stronen, Astrid Vik. "Habitat selection and calf survival in the Telkwa caribou herd, British Columbia, 1997-2000." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0034/MQ66939.pdf.
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Lemay, Evelyne. "Conséquences de l'arbustation sur les ressources alimentaires estivales du caribou migrateur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67572.
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La densification de la strate arbustive dans les régions arctiques et subarctiques a été largement observée au cours des dernières décennies, soulevant par le fait même des questionnements quant à l’implication de ce phénomène sur les ressources alimentaires des grands herbivores qui fréquentent ces régions. L’augmentation du couvert de neige et l’atténuation de lumière créées par un couvert arbustif plus dense sont susceptibles de mener à des modifications de la quantité et de la qualité nutritionnelle des ressources alimentaires consommées par le caribou migrateur (Rangifer tarandus). Notre objectif était de déterminer les effets de l’augmentation du couvert de neige et l’atténuation de la lumière au cours d’une saison de croissance sur la qualité et la quantité de deux composantes majeures du régime alimentaire du caribou migrateur, soit le bouleau glanduleux (Betula glandulosa) et les carex (Carex spp.). À l’aide d’une expérience contrôlée, nous avons démontré que l’ombrage améliorent la qualité nutritive des bouleaux et des carex pendant la saison de croissance via l’augmentation de la concentration d’azote et la diminution de la concentration de phénols totaux dans les feuilles. La combinaison d’un couvert de neige plus épais et de la pleine lumière ont augmenté la quantité de biomasse foliaire produite par B. glandulosa, ce qui augmente la quantité de nourriture disponible pour les caribous. En somme, nos résultats montrent que les traitements de l’expérience un impact positif sur certaines ressources alimentaires du caribou migrateur. Puisque la densification des arbustes risque d’avoir des impacts nutritifs sur d’autres groupes d’espèces végétales, nous proposons de poursuivre les recherches sur d’autres composantes du régime alimentaire du caribou migrateur, tels que les lichens et les herbacées.Shrub expansion in arctic and subarctic regions has been widely observed over the last decades, raising questions about implications on the food resources of large herbivores. Increased snow cover and attenuation of light created by a denser shrub canopy can lead to changes in quantity and nutritional quality of resources for caribou (Rangifer tarandus), an arctic herbivore. Our main objective was to determine the effects of a deeper snow cover and light attenuation throughout a growing season on the quantity and quality of two major components of migratory caribou’s diet: dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) and sedges (Carex spp.). Using a controlled experiment, we demonstrated that shading improved the nutritional quality of birch and sedges throughout the growing season by increasing nitrogen concentration and decreasing total phenol concentration in leaves. The combination of deeper snow cover and full light increased the biomass of leaves produced by B. glandulosa, which increased the quantity of food available for caribou. Our results support that our experimental treatments had a positive impact on some food resources for migratory caribou. Since shrub densification may have nutritional impacts on other groups of plant species, we propose to continue research on other food components of migratory caribou, such as lichens and forbs.
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Gagné, Caroline. "Le potentiel de compétition apparente entre l’orignal (Alces alces) et le caribou forestier (Rangifer tarandus caribou) varie le long d’un gradient latitudinal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25498.
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À la suite d’une coupe forestière, les parterres en régénération peuvent subir un enfeuillement favorable à l’orignal. L’accroissement des populations de loups qui s’en suit affecte alors les populations du caribou forestier. Ce projet vise à évaluer si la contribution de la coupe forestière à cette compétition apparente varie selon un gradient latitudinal. Nous avons modélisé la sélection d’habitat d’orignaux, de loups et de caribous. Après la prise en compte de l’âge de la coupe, l’enfeuillement des parterres diminuait avec la latitude. La sélection des parterres de coupe par les orignaux et les loups augmentait en fonction de leur enfeuillement. Les caribous évitaient les coupes, particulièrement celles riches en feuillus. La cooccurrence de l’orignal et du loup dans les coupes augmente donc en fonction de l’enfeuillement. Ainsi, la contribution de la coupe forestière à la compétition apparente dans le système orignal-loup-caribou devrait diminuer vers le nord de la forêt boréale.Moose benefit from deciduous vegetation that becomes increasingly available during the regeneration of logged forests. This numerical response of moose populations can lead to an increase in gray wolf abundance, which impacts forest-dwelling caribou populations. This study evaluates if the contribution of logging to such apparent competition could vary along the latitudinal axis. We modelled habitat selection behaviour of moose, wolves and caribous monitored by telemetry. After controlling for time since harvest, deciduous vegetation availability decreased with increasing latitude. Moose and wolves avoided cutovers with low deciduous vegetation availability, while they selected harvested stands with high deciduous vegetation availability. Caribou avoided cutovers, and their avoidance increased with the level of deciduous regeneration. The co-occurrence between moose and wolves in cutovers increased with deciduous vegetation availability. Therefore, the contribution of logging to the apparent competition in the moose-wolf-caribou system should be stronger in southern than in northern boreal forest.
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Losier, Chrystel. "Les réponses fonctionnelles dans la sélection de l'habitat influencent la survie du caribou forestier ( Rangifer tarandus ) en fôret boréale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30448/30448.pdf.
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Ce projet visait à déterminer comment les réponses fonctionnelles dans la sélection de l’habitat influencent la survie des caribous forestiers adultes (Rangifer tarandus). Une réponse fonctionnelle apparaît lorsque la sélection pour un milieu varie en fonction de sa disponibilité ou celle d’un autre milieu. La sélection de l’habitat a été modélisée pour 83 caribous, dont 20 qui sont morts durant le suivi. Une forte probabilité de présence à proximité des coupes était associée à un fort risque de mortalité, particulièrement si cette probabilité augmentait fortement avec l’abondance des coupes. Aussi, tous les caribous, qu’ils soient morts ou qu’ils aient survécus, évitaient les peuplements mixtes, et cet évitement était particulièrement fort pour les individus dont le domaine vital incluait une forte proportion de coupes. Ainsi, les réponses fonctionnelles ne mettent pas nécessairement en évidence des comportements adaptatifs et peuvent refléter des décisions compromettant la survie.The goal of this study was to determine the link between functional responses in habitat selection and adult survival in forest-dwelling woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus). A functional response occurs when the selection for a cover type varies as a function of its availability or the availability of another cover type. Habitat selection was modeled for 83 caribou, of which 20 died during the monitoring period. A strong probability of occurrence in proximity to cutovers was associated with a high mortality risk, especially if the probability increased with the abundance of cuts. In addition, caribou avoided mixed stands, and this avoidance was especially strong for individuals with a high proportion of cuts in their home range. This behaviour was similar for caribou that died and those that survived the monitoring period. Thus, functional responses are not necessarily adaptive behaviours and may reflect decisions compromising survival.
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Moreau, Guillaume. "Réponse fonctionnelle dans la sélection d'habitat du caribou forestier en forêt boréale aménagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28843/28843.pdf.
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Taillon, Joëlle. "Condition physique, allocation maternelle et utilisation spatio-temporelle des aires de mise bas du caribou migrateur, rangifer tarandus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29639/29639.pdf.
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Cyr, Guillaume. "Optimisation de la récolte de bois dans un contexte de protection de l'habitat du caribou forestier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30624/30624.pdf.
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Un déclin mondial des populations de caribou forestier est présentement observé. Il devient impératif d’envisager des stratégies d’aménagement pour atténuer l’impact négatif de l’aménagement forestier sur le caribou. L’objectif principal de ce projet est donc de déterminer l’impact de différentes approches de spatialisation de la récolte dans un contexte d’optimisation de la récolte de matière ligneuse afin de préciser la relation entre la possibilité forestière et la qualité de l’habitat du caribou forestier. Plusieurs scénarios de récolte ont été simulés et évalués sur un horizon de 150 ans en tenant compte du régime de feu, d’un indice de perturbation du territoire, d’un indice de qualité d’habitat, du niveau de coupe du territoire et de l’importance du réseau routier. Les résultats indiquent que l’augmentation de la taille des compartiments de coupe et l’ajout de certaines contraintes spatiales permet d’augmenter la probabilité d’observation du caribou forestier et de réduire l’importance du réseau routier, mais produit également une diminution de la possibilité forestière.
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Beguin, Julien. "Analyse spatiale, sélection des paysages et stratégies de conservation en présence de régimes multiples de perturbation : le cas du caribou forestier en forêt boréale aménagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30203/30203.pdf.
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Identifier les processus écologiques (a)biotiques qui sous-tendent les patrons de distribution d’espèces et de dynamique de population est fondamental pour conserver efficacement les espèces menacées d’extinction. Cette thèse poursuit un double objectif: 1) comprendre les processus écologiques qui régissent la sélection des paysages du caribou forestier (Rangifer tarandus caribou) et 2) évaluer l’efficacité des politiques actuelles d’aménagement du territoire pour cet écotype. Le premier chapitre s’inscrit directement dans le premier objectif en présentant une nouvelle méthode numérique d’inférence statistique capable de modéliser l’autocorrélation spatiale présente dans les données de distribution d’espèces. Cette méthode utilise integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) au lieu des simulations Markov chain Monte Carlo. Je montre, qu’en plus de produire des résultats exacts et rapides, l’utilisation d’INLA permet de modéliser l’autocorrélation spatiale résiduelle tout en estimant adéquatement l’incertitude des paramètres et des prédictions du modèle. Dans le deuxième chapitre, la methode INLA est utilisée pour tester lequel des processus, parmi le climat et la distance aux routes, explique les gradients géographiques dans la sélection des paysages par le caribou forestier. Les résultats montrent une prépondérance de l’effet des routes par rapport au climat. De plus, les parterres de coupe étaient deux fois plus évités que les brulis récents. Ces résultats appuient une gestion de l’habitat du caribou forestier qui limite l’étalement du réseau routier et qui distingue l’effet des coupes forestières de celui des feux. Le dernier chapitre explore grâce à un modèle de simulation des paysages spatialement explicite les interactions spatiales entre un réseau d’aires protégées, la récolte forestière et les feux afin de quantifier leurs effets sur la dynamique de population du caribou forestier et sur les coûts économiques liés à l’aménagement forestier. Je montre la nécessité d’inclure les contarintes liées aux feux et aux aires protégées dans le calcul des niveaux de récolte, sans quoi ces niveaux ne sont durables ni pour le caribou forestier, ni pour l’industrie forestière. Les feux augmentent l’antagonisme existant entre exploitation forestière et conservation, avec ou sans coupes de récupération après feu. Cette étude illustre donc la nécessité de mieux comprendre les interactions spatiales entre dynamique des populations, aires protégées, aménagement forestier et régime de feux pour développer des stratégies de conservation qui soient plus efficaces.Linking spatial patterns of species distribution and population dynamics with biotic and abiotic processes is central to inform effective conservation planning for endangered species. This thesis investigated how linking spatial patterns of boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), hereafter boreal caribou, to processes can 1) improve our understanding of landscape selection of this ecotype and 2) inform the efficiency of current land use policies in practice. I first present a new powerful numerical method that allows integrating properly spatial information present in species distribution data to make accurate statistical inference. This method uses integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) as an alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. I show that, in addition of being accurate and rapid, the use of INLA with Bayesian hierarchical spatial models efficiently accounted for spatial autocorrelation in the residuals and fairly evaluated uncertainty in parameter estimates and predictions. I then used INLA to test which ecological processes, among climate and the distance to roads, drove the existence of geographical patterns in boreal caribou landscape selection. Data supported road-driven selection over a climate influence. Moreover, I show that boreal caribou avoidance of logged areas was two-fold stronger than burned areas. Together these results indicated that limiting the spread of road networks and accounting for the uneven impact of logging compared to wildfire should be integral parts of any habitat management plan and conservation measures within the range of this ecotype. Finally, I use a spatially explicit landscape simulation model to explore how spatial interactions among protected area networks, industrial forestry and fire regimes impacted the population dynamics of boreal caribou and the economic costs related to forest management. I show that the current policy of conservation planning and forest management in the Côte-Nord region in Québec is unlikely to be sustainable for either boreal caribou conservation or timber supply mainly because of current overestimated planned harvest levels. Fire increased antagonisms between current practices of forest management and habitat conservation, irrespective of the presence of salvage logging. This study illustrates that efficient conservation planning requires a better understanding of spatial interactions among population dynamics, protected area networks, forest management, and fire regimes.
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Bélanger, Édouard. "Sélection de l'habitat, dynamique de population et utilisation de l'espace du caribou des monts Torngat." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27772.
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Le caribou montagnard des monts Torngat situé dans le nord du Québec et du Labrador connait présentement un déclin rapide. Cependant, la démographie, l’utilisation de l’espace et la sélection de l’habitat en relation avec le déclin de cette population sont méconnues. À l’aide de 35 caribous adultes munis de colliers satellites, nous avons évalué la sélection des habitats à deux échelles spatiales, la survie, et l’effet de la chasse ainsi que du chevauchement avec la population voisine de caribous migrateurs de la Rivière-George. Nous avons démontré que la sélection de l’habitat est similaire entre les deux échelles spatiales étudiées, mais variable selon les saisons. Nos résultats suggèrent que la sélection est déterminée par l’accessibilité et la disponibilité des ressources alimentaires en hiver et durant la pré mise-bas, l’évitement des insectes en été, et par la présence de plantes graminoïdes lors du rut. Bien que la prédation soit connue pour être le principal facteur limitant les populations et la sélection chez le caribou lors de la mise-bas, aucun comportement anti-prédateur n’a été détecté chez les femelles lors de cette saison. Nos résultats démontrent que le déclin est principalement attribuable à une faible survie des femelles adultes due à la chasse et à la prédation. Nous avons observé que l’utilisation de l’aire de distribution du caribou des monts Torngat par le troupeau Rivière-George a grandement diminué durant les 25 dernières années en raison de leur déclin. Ceci pourrait causer une diminution du flux génique et des possibilités d’immigration entre les deux troupeaux. Nos modèles démographiques suggèrent que le caribou des monts Torngat continuerait de décliner rapidement si aucune mesure de gestion n’était prise de façon à augmenter la survie des adultes.The Torngat Mountains caribou herd in northeastern Québec-Labrador is rapidly declining. Few studies have examined the causes of this decline and little is known about the habitat selection, survival and space use of this herd. Using 35 caribou equipped with satellite collars between 2011 and 2015, we evaluated the Torngat Mountains caribou habitat selection at two different spatial and temporal scales, survival, and effect of harvest on future population trends. We also evaluated the Torngat Mountains caribou space use in relationship with its neighbor, the Rivière-George migratory caribou. We found little variation in habitat selection between the two spatial scales studied. However, there was variation in factors limiting habitat selection among different seasons. Habitat selection was primarily driven by resource availability and abundance during winter and pre-calving, by insect avoidance in summer and by the presence of graminoids during the rut. Although predation is known to be the main limiting factor of caribou populations and habitat selection by female caribou during calving, we found no evidence of predator avoidance behavior during this season. Moreover, we showed that the population decline was primarily attributed to low survival of adult females due to subsistence hunting and predation. We also found that the overlap between the two populations has decreased in the last 25 years due to a decline in Rivière-George herd abundance. This could result in decreased genetic exchanges and immigration between herds. Using demographic models, we showed that the Torngat Mountains caribou would rapidly decline if no management actions were taken to increase adult survival.
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Bichet, Orphé. "L'aménagement de l'habitat du caribou forestier permet-il la conservation de la biodiversité?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30642/30642.pdf.
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Cette étude a évalué l’effet de scénarios d’aménagement de l’habitat du caribou forestier (Rangifer tarandus) sur la diversité aviaire. Un indice d’occupation de 29 espèces d’oiseaux a été développé à partir d’observations de terrain, puis comparé entre sept paysages simulant différentes répartitions des coupes forestières et deux cycles de rotation de coupe. Alors que la répartition des coupes influençait peu les assemblages d’oiseaux, la diversité aviaire était maintenue davantage après une rotation de 100 ans qu’une de 60 ans. Les assemblages d’espèces attendus après ces deux cycles étaient différents de ceux d’un paysage sans coupe, indiquant qu’un temps de révolution plus court que le cycle de perturbations naturelles affecterait la diversité aviaire. Notre méthodologie permet donc d’évaluer l’impact de stratégies d’aménagement sur la biodiversité avant leur mise en œuvre. Nous avons ainsi pu démontrer que l’aménagement de l’habitat du caribou actuellement préconisé ne suffirait pas à conserver les oiseaux boréaux.This study assessed the effect of habitat management for the recovery of boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus) on the diversity of boreal birds. An index of occupancy was estimated for 29 bird species from surveyed data, and then compared among seven simulated landscapes contrasting in cut-block distribution and harvest rotation. Whereas cut-block distribution had little effect on bird assemblages, bird diversity was better maintained under a 100-year harvest rotation than a 60-year rotation. Bird assemblages for both harvest rotations differed significantly from assemblages expected in an uncut landscape, implying that rotations shorter than natural disturbance cycles could affect regional biodiversity. Our method thus allows the assessment of the long-term impact of various management strategies on biodiversity prior their implementation. On this basis, we showed that the current habitat management guidelines for boreal caribou recovery would not be sufficient to conserve bird diversity in the boreal forest.
Books on the topic "Caribou des bois – Habitat"
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Spalding, D. J. The early history of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in British Columbia. Victoria, BC: British Columbia, Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks, Wildlife Branch, 2000.
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1951-, Woods G., ed. Movements and habitats of caribou in the mountains of southern British Columbia. Nelson, B.C: Wildlife Branch, Ministry of Environment and Parks, 1987.
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Sebbane, Aïssa. Utilisation de l'espace et caractéristiques de l'habitat du caribou de Charlevoix, entre l'automne 1998 et l'hiver 2001. Québec: Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec, 2002.
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Québec (Province). Bilan du rétablissement du caribou de la Gaspésie (Rangifer tarandus caribou) pour la période 1990-2009. [Caplan?]: Ressources naturelles et faune Québec, Secteur des opérations régionales, Direction de l'expertise énergie-faune-forêts-mines-territoire de la Gaspésie - Îles-de-la-Madeleine, 2011.
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Sánchez-Azofeifa, Gerardo-Arturo. Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) habitat classification in northeastern Alberta using remote sensing. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, 2001.
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Steventon, J. D. Caribou habitat use in the Chelaslie River migration corridor and recommendations for management. Victoria, B.C: Ministry of Forests, Research Program, 1996.
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Stevenson, Susan K. Woodland caribou and their habitat in southern and central British Columbia. Victoria, B.C: Information Services Branch, Ministry of Forests, 1985.
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Thomas, Donald C. Range types and their relative use by Peary caribou and muskoxen on Melville Island, NWT. Edmonton: Canadian Wildlife Service, 1999.
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Schaefer, James A. Canopy, snow, and lichens on woodland caribou range in southeastern Manitoba. [Thunder Bay, Ont.]: Lakehead Centre for Northern Studies, 1990.
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Crête, Michel. Indices de préférence d'habitat des caribous forestiers sur la Côte-Nord entre 1998 et 2004 d'après les cartes écoforestieres 1:20 000: Examen sommaire pour aider l'aménagement forestier. Québec: Societe de la faune et des parcs du Québec, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Caribou des bois – Habitat"
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"THE ESKIMO: SEAL AND CARIBOU HUNTERS IN ARCTIC AMERICA." In Habitat, Economy and Society, 127–48. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315017440-13.
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Masserey, Catherine, and Catherine Joye. "Alle, Noir Bois, un habitat de la Tène ancienne (canton du Jura, Suisse)." In Habitats, mobiliers et groupes régionaux à l’âge du fer, 125–35. ARTEHIS Éditions, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.artehis.17173.
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Chen, Wenjun, Weirong Chen, Junhua Li, Yu Zhang, Robert Fraser, Ian Olthof, Sylvain G., and Zhaohua Che. "Mapping Aboveground and Foliage Biomass Over the Porcupine Caribou Habitat in Northern Yukon and Alaska Using Landsat and JERS-1/SAR Data." In Remote Sensing of Biomass - Principles and Applications. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/19219.
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Thomson, Peter. "Buryatia, in Black & White and Color." In Sacred Sea. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170511.003.0013.
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The trail along the eastern shore of the Holy Nose south of our campsite is maybe a foot wide, just a narrow track of compacted leaves and dirt, a path that could just as easily have been made by centuries of hooves and paws as by shod human feet. And perhaps it was. I’ve walked such trails in the Arctic, etched into the tundra by caribou and wolves and musk oxen. It’s a humbling and exhilarating experience, the trails a simple but stark reminder that you are in someone else’s habitat and that humans are not the only species to have left their mark on the planet. This one weaves between thick-barked evergreens and leathery aspens, clinging precariously to a slope that could easily throw a clumsy hominid to the waves fifty or more feet below. Andrei is lost in the thickets ahead, charging on to the next clearing, at which he’ll wait for us, again. James, Elisa, Chanda, and I keep to a more leisurely pace, in no more of a hurry to see the next sparkling facet of Baikal than this one, or to catch a toe on the next stone or gnarled root than the previous one. Igor stayed behind with our stuff at the campsite, to be picked up by the Lonesome Boatman. We’ll rendezvous with them farther down the coast this afternoon. Yesterday’s ragged clouds blew out in the evening, and the sky over Baikal today has the clarity of vodka and carries a cool, yellowish luminescence, as if after their ninety-three million mile dash the sun’s photons have slowed down to admire the little corner of the solar system that they’ve been lucky enough to have been sent to. There is no sign that any of the billions of humans who have ever lived have set foot in this place. We walk mostly in silence. From high above the lake, the trail drops down to the water, the steep slope giving way ahead to a thin, gracefully arcing beach dividing the lake from a narrow stand of wispy wetland trees and a soft amber field beyond.
Conference papers on the topic "Caribou des bois – Habitat"
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Coupal, Brian, and Paula Bentham. "If You Build It, Will They Come? Caribou Habitat Restoration for Pipeline Projects." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33577.
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The federal Recovery Strategy for the Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Boreal Population in Canada, identifies coordinated actions to reclaim woodland caribou habitat as a key step to meeting current and future caribou population objectives. Actions include restoring industrial landscape features such as roads, seismic lines, pipelines, cut-lines, and cleared areas in an effort to reduce landscape fragmentation and the changes in caribou population dynamics associated with changing predator-prey dynamics in highly fragmented landscapes. Reliance on habitat restoration as a recovery action within the federal Recovery Strategy is high, identifying 65% undisturbed habitat in a caribou range as the threshold to providing a 60% chance that a local population will be self-sustaining. In alignment with the federal Recovery Strategy, Alberta’s Provincial Woodland Caribou Policy identifies habitat restoration as a critical component of long-term caribou habitat management. Habitat restoration initiatives of Alberta’s historical industrial footprint within caribou ranges began in 2001 and have largely focused on linear corridors, including pipelines. Initiatives include revegetation treatments, access control programs and studies, and restricting the growth of plant species that are favourable to moose and deer, the primary prey for wolves. Habitat restoration for pipelines also includes pre-construction planning to reduce disturbance and create line-of-sight breaks, and construction techniques that promote natural vegetation recovery. Lessons learned from habitat restoration programs implemented on pipeline projects in northeastern Alberta will be shared as an opportunity to improve common understanding of restoration techniques, the barriers to implementation, and potential outcomes.