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Academic literature on the topic 'Caribou des bois – Mœurs et comportement'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Caribou des bois – Mœurs et comportement"
Moreau, Guillaume. "Réponse fonctionnelle dans la sélection d'habitat du caribou forestier en forêt boréale aménagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28843/28843.pdf.
Full textBélanger, Édouard. "Sélection de l'habitat, dynamique de population et utilisation de l'espace du caribou des monts Torngat." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27772.
Full textThe Torngat Mountains caribou herd in northeastern Québec-Labrador is rapidly declining. Few studies have examined the causes of this decline and little is known about the habitat selection, survival and space use of this herd. Using 35 caribou equipped with satellite collars between 2011 and 2015, we evaluated the Torngat Mountains caribou habitat selection at two different spatial and temporal scales, survival, and effect of harvest on future population trends. We also evaluated the Torngat Mountains caribou space use in relationship with its neighbor, the Rivière-George migratory caribou. We found little variation in habitat selection between the two spatial scales studied. However, there was variation in factors limiting habitat selection among different seasons. Habitat selection was primarily driven by resource availability and abundance during winter and pre-calving, by insect avoidance in summer and by the presence of graminoids during the rut. Although predation is known to be the main limiting factor of caribou populations and habitat selection by female caribou during calving, we found no evidence of predator avoidance behavior during this season. Moreover, we showed that the population decline was primarily attributed to low survival of adult females due to subsistence hunting and predation. We also found that the overlap between the two populations has decreased in the last 25 years due to a decline in Rivière-George herd abundance. This could result in decreased genetic exchanges and immigration between herds. Using demographic models, we showed that the Torngat Mountains caribou would rapidly decline if no management actions were taken to increase adult survival.
Losier, Chrystel. "Les réponses fonctionnelles dans la sélection de l'habitat influencent la survie du caribou forestier ( Rangifer tarandus ) en fôret boréale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30448/30448.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this study was to determine the link between functional responses in habitat selection and adult survival in forest-dwelling woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus). A functional response occurs when the selection for a cover type varies as a function of its availability or the availability of another cover type. Habitat selection was modeled for 83 caribou, of which 20 died during the monitoring period. A strong probability of occurrence in proximity to cutovers was associated with a high mortality risk, especially if the probability increased with the abundance of cuts. In addition, caribou avoided mixed stands, and this avoidance was especially strong for individuals with a high proportion of cuts in their home range. This behaviour was similar for caribou that died and those that survived the monitoring period. Thus, functional responses are not necessarily adaptive behaviours and may reflect decisions compromising survival.
Prima, Marie-Caroline. "Utilisation de l'espace par les grands herbivores dans un environnement hétérogène et dynamique : méthodologie et applications." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34748.
Full textIn my thesis, I develop mechanistic models of space use based on animal movement, to understand and to predict population distribution in heterogeneous and dynamic landscapes. Used and developed methodologies couple mathematical modelling of the spatio-temporal dynamics of animal movement together with statistical analysis of simulated and empirical movement datasets. In my first chapter, I proceed in a series of simulations to clarify how many clusters are needed when using generalized estimating equations to correctly account for the correlation in movement data and to obtain robust inference on habitat selection. My simulations reveal that 30 independent individuals, each assigned to a cluster, are sufficient to avoid biased evaluation of the uncertainty on habitat selection along movement in heterogeneous environments. When less than 30 individuals are available, destructive sampling can be used but solely when temporal correlation is present and inter-individual heterogeneity is low in the data. In my second chapter, I develop a statistical movement model that allows to identify successive behavioral phases (e.g., foraging phase, inter-patch movement) together with behavior-specific habitat selection parameters, over the whole population and using temporally irregular data. Analysis of simulated and empirical movement data from three large herbivores including plains bison (Bison bison bison), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and plains zebra (Equus quagga) show the robustness and the high predictive capacity of the model. This statistical tool is also flexible since I assess multiple ecological processes from those datasets such as foraging behavior, migratory behavior or prey-predator interactions. In addition, I show how accounting for behavioral phases in habitat selection analysis is crucial to correctly characterize habitat selection along animal movement. In my third chapter, I develop a mathematical framework to couple movement of individuals among a network of resource patches with residency time in patches to mechanistically predict space use in heterogeneous landscapes. In addition, I illustrate a methodology to identify and predict the most representative theoretical network for the target species. I show from model application on data of plains bison that the theoretical network topology is crucial to correctly infer population space use and implement realistic management and conservation planning. In my chapter 4, I empirically assess the robustness of a network of resource patches following landscape fragmentation from anthropogenic source. The analysis shows that woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) reconnect some patches, thus causing robustness in their spatial networks. However, predictions on space use from the mechanistic model developed in chapter 3 reveal that, despite the rewiring, patch use change following the fragmentation. Moreover, this change is stronger when the most connected patches (i.e., the hubs) are impacted. My thesis provides a methodological contribution to better account for correlation in movement data and integrate behavioral phases in habitat selection analysis in heterogeneous landscapes. Besides, my work links network theory and space use to mechanistically predict population distribution in heterogeneous and dynamic environments. My research also assesses the context in which network theory can be applied to spatial ecology. Finally, my thesis improves our mechanistic understanding of animal movement in four species of large herbivores.
Leblond, Mathieu. "Impacts des routes sur le comportement et la survie du caribou forestier." Thèse, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5845/1/D2550.pdf.
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