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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Caricom'
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Andrews, Joyann A. "Regional options for Caricom." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365313.
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Caraballo, Luis. "Caricom: The Need for Caribbean Regional Integration." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1210.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
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Millington, Faith W. E. "The impact of remittances on GDP in CARICOM." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20084.
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This study investigates the relationship between remittances and economic growth in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) from 1975 to 2013, where remittances are measured as a share of GDP and economic growth is measured by GDP per capita growth. Using multivariate linear regression analysis and the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) the researcher tested the hypothesis that remittances have a positive relationship on GDP per capita growth within CARICOM. Additionally, the ability of financial development to influence the relationship between remittances and GDP per capita growth was also tested. In this study financial development was measured using the proxy variables of quasi money, M2 and banking credit to the private sector. The relationship between remittances and economic growth has been shown to vary across countries and regions. In this study it was found that remittances as a share of GDP growth do not have an overall statistically significant influence on GDP per capita growth but do effect GDP per capita growth through their interactions with inflation and banking credit to the private sector.
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Bredas, Marie-Marthe. "Institutions, démocratie et croissance dans la Caraïbe anglophone : Idées préconçues et réalité." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0151/document.
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La Caraïbe est un espace multidimensionnel, une mosaïque polyforme et paradoxale qui évoque la diversité, l'éparpillement.Longtemps méconnue, elle est l'objet de toutes les curiosités et est de plus en plus regardé comme un véritable laboratoire par ceux qui s'y intéressent.En effet, la Caraïbe est un ensemble de petites îles plus ou moins pauvres sur le plan économique avec une organisation politique et administrative plurielle. De nombreux statuts politiques sont hérités de la décolonisation. La Caraïbe regroupe 25 pays et 11 territoires non indépendants qui pour la plupart, comptent moins de 500 000 habitants. 24 sont des îles, parties d'îles ou ensembles de territoires insulaires.De nombreux programmes d'aide sont mis en place par les métropoles, les pays de la Caraïbe mènent une politique active d'intégration en constituant des institutions régionales, pourtant ces pays ne semblent pas décoller économiquement.Parallèlement, la région est remarquée pour ces faits de violence accrue, de criminalité, de narcotrafic, de catastrophes naturelles, de maladies vectorielles, autant d'éléments qui influencent l'une des activités économiques prospère, le tourisme.Idées préconçues et réalité, telle est la problématique à laquelle tente de répondre cette thèse en examinant la corrélation entre les organisations institutionnelles et le développement économique à l'heure de la mondialisation.Pour des raisons de cohérence, ma recherche est limitée à la dizaine de pays anglophones de la zone des CaraïbesThe Caribbean is a multidimensional space, a multi-faceted and paradoxical mosaic that evokes diversity, scattering.For a long time unknown, it is the object of all curiosities and is increasingly regarded as a real laboratory for those who are interested in.Indeed, the Caribbean is a set of small islands more or less poor economically with a plural political and administrative organization. Many political statuses are inherited from decolonization.The Caribbean comprises 25 countries and 11 non-independent territories, most of which have 500,000 inhabitants. 24 are islands, parts of islands or sets of island territories.Many programs of assistance are set up by the metropolis, the Caribbean countries carry out an active policy of integration by constituting regional institutions, yet these countries do not seem to take off economically.At the same time, the region is noticed for these acts of increased violence, crime, drugs trade, natural disasters, vector-borne diseases, all of which influence one of the prosperous economic activities, tourism.Preconceived ideas and reality, this is the problem that this thesis attempts to answer by examining the correlation between institutional organizations and economic development in the globalization era.For coherence reasons, my research is limited to the ten English-speaking countries of the Caribbean zone
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Hall, Jeffery. "Show Me the Money: Understanding FATCA- U.S. & CARICOM Relations." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24566.
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This study explores the provisions of the United States Internal Revenue Services’ Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and its demands to increase disclosure and transparency pertaining to the financial data of foreign account holders who are American citizens and corporations. This study specifically analyzes the cultural and economic impact of FATCA on Caribbean nations.
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Warmington-Granston, Nicole A. "The Caribbean Court of Justice: An Investigation of the Impact of Elites on its Creation and Present Structure as it relates to Original Jurisdiction." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1438.
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The primary focus of this dissertation is to determine the degree to which political, economic, and socio-cultural elites in Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago influenced the development of the Caribbean Court of Justice’s (CCJ) original jurisdiction. As members of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), both states replaced their protectionist model with open regionalism at the end of the 1980s. Open regionalism was adopted to make CARICOM member states internationally competitive. Open regionalism was also expected to create a stable regional trade environment. To ensure a stable economic environment, a regional court with original jurisdiction was proposed. A six member Preparatory Committee on the Caribbean Court of Justice (PREPCOM), on which Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago sat, was formed to draft the Agreement Establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice that would govern how the Court would interpret the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas (RTC) and enforce judgments.
Through the use of qualitative research methods, namely elite interviews, document data, and text analysis, and a focus on three levels of analysis, that is, the international, regional, and domestic, three major conclusions are drawn. First, changes in the international economic environment caused Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago to support the establishment of a regional court. Second, Jamaica had far greater influence on the final structure of the CCJ than Trinidad & Tobago. Third, it was found that in both states the political elite had the greatest influence on the development and structure of the CCJ. The economic elite followed by the socio-cultural elite were found to have a lesser impact. These findings are significant because they account for the impact of elites and elite behavior on institutions in a much-neglected category of states: the developing world.
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Nicholls, Shelton Michael Anthony. "Economic integration in the Caribbean community (Caricom) : from federation to the single market." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338496.
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Thomas, Trevor R. (Trevor Randolph). "A strategic perspective in establishing a virtual construction company in the CARICOM region." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40569.
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Inniss, Abiola. "Examining Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Technology Within the Caricom Single Market and Economy." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4223.
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Caricom Single Market and Economy (CSME) firms operate under various laws and policies on intellectual property rights (IPRs), innovation and technology. International analyses and rankings rate the CSME countries' performance as poor in comparison with others at the same level of economic development. This results in negative impacts on the economic and social welfare of their communities. A paucity of data existed concerning the effects of policies on decisions by local firms to engage in innovation and technology activities. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine the effects of policies on IPRs, innovation, and technology on firms in select CSME countries. The questions addressed how IPRs policies affect the choices of innovation activities by firms, and what differences in IPRs policies in Guyana, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica, influence the decisions by firms to invest in innovation and technologies. Landes and Posner's utilitarian exposition that IPRs should be based on the maximization of social welfare provided the theoretical framework for the study. Various policy papers, firm studies, study reports, and legislation from government and international agencies were analyzed using 4 levels of inductive coding. Findings included a lack of clear IPRs policies, high levels of innovation where policies were weakest, and a general reluctance by firms in the countries to invest in innovation and technology. Further study of the sociological and cultural aspects of IPRs policies, and how they affect innovation in CSME is recommended. This study can help effect social change in the CSME by informing policies that maximize social welfare through innovation and technology.
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Almonord, Jean Sergo. "Haïti et la CARICOM : essais sur les limites et le potentiel de l'intégration économique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSESAM/2024/2024ULILA007.pdf.
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Après une ample introduction sur Haïti et la CARICOM, cette thèse regroupe trois essais d'économie internationale pour éclairer les problématiques et le potentiel du pays et de la région.Le premier essai est une discussion critique de la théorie classique de David Ricardo sur l'avantage comparatif, examinant le rôle des différences de revenu sur le commerce international. En s'affranchissant de l'hypothèse restrictive généralement adoptée de « préférences homothétiques » selon laquelle les ménages consacrent une fraction constante de leur revenu à l'achat de chaque bien ou service qu'ils consomment, le rôle de la demande (et donc la distribution des revenus) pour expliquer le flux des échanges est réaffirmé. Un modèle simple démontre qu'un pays pauvre peut être exclu des échanges malgré ses avantages comparatifs, même en l'absence de barrières commerciales telles que les droits de douane ou les coûts de transport.Les pays encore dominés par l'agriculture de subsistance tendent à avoir un faible taux d'ouverture, car l'essentiel de leur production est consommé localement et les biens de consommation produits à l'étranger leur restent inaccessibles. En revanche, les pays spécialisés dans les services touristiques ont tendance à avoir un taux d'ouverture élevé, car ils exportent l'ensemble de ces services qui servent à financer l'importation d'une grande partie de leur alimentation et des biens de consommation, qui ne sont pas produits sur place. En somme, indépendamment de leur taille, le niveau d'ouverture économique des pays à bas revenus dépend largement de leur spécialisation.Une autre implication cruciale du modèle est que seuls les pays les plus riches peuvent vraiment profiter des avantages du commerce international. Le commerce apparait comme un moteur de divergence plutôt que de convergence, car il tend, dans certains cas du moins, à accentuer les inégalités entre les nations. Certains pays profitent de la croissance mondiale alors que d'autres, bien qu'étant proches géographiquement, semblent s'en éloigner irrémédiablement.Le deuxième essai souligne les vulnérabilités découlant de la spécialisation touristique de nombreux pays des Caraïbes. Bien que cette spécialisation leur ait permis de bénéficier de la croissance des pays riches, elle les expose également à tous les chocs susceptibles d'affecter ce secteur. La pandémie de Covid-19 a tragiquement révélé cette fragilité, comme en témoigne la chute du PIB clairement reliée à l'importance du tourisme dans chacun de ces pays. Les économies caribéennes ont été directement impactées par les restrictions de voyage imposées par les pays d'origine des touristes, sans avoir leur mot à dire. Ainsi, en plus de la fragilité intrinsèquement liée à la spécialisation, ces pays se sont retrouvés en grande partie privés de leur souveraineté en matière de politique économique, ce qui est particulièrement problématique quand il y a divergence d'intérêt.Le troisième essai explore une avenue potentielle pour le développement d'Haïti. Malgré les intentions affichées de la CARICOM, les échanges commerciaux au sein de la communauté restent très limités et les bénéfices attendus des accords de Chaguaramas tardent à se concrétiser. Les pays des Caraïbes présentent peu de complémentarités et pourraient n'être que des destinations touristiques concurrentes sans liens entre elles, s'ils ne bénéficiaient pas de l'effet d'appartenance à la communauté Caraïbéenne qui les rend visibles au niveau international.Nous soutenons que l'artisanat haïtien pourrait enrichir l'industrie touristique de la région. Haïti possède un avantage comparatif évident dans ce domaine en raison de sa main-d'œuvre abondante par rapport aux autres pays de la région. Il pourrait donc tirer parti des retombées de l'industrie touristique prospère de ses voisins, alors que ces derniers ont tout intérêt à favoriser un tourisme plus culturel, à la fois plus rentable et plus durable que le tourisme de masseAfter an extensive introduction on Haiti and CARICOM, this thesis comprises three essays in international economics aimed at shedding light on the issues and potential of the country and the region.The first essay is a critical discussion of David Ricardo's classical theory of comparative advantage, examining the role of income disparities in international trade. By breaking free from the commonly adopted restrictive assumption of "homothetic preferences," which pos-its that households allocate a constant fraction of their income to the purchase of each good or service they consume, the significance of demand (and thus of income distribution) in explaining trade flows is reaffirmed. A simple model demonstrates that a low-income coun-try can be excluded from trade despite its comparative advantages, even in the absence of trade barriers such as tariffs or transportation costs.Countries still dominated by subsistence agriculture tend to have a low level of openness because most of their production is consumed locally, and foreign-produced consumer goods remain inaccessible to them. In contrast, countries specializing in tourism services tend to have a high level of openness because they export these services to finance the importation of much of their food and consumer goods, which are not locally produced. In summary, re-gardless of their size, the level of economic openness of low-income countries depends largely on their specialization.Another crucial implication of the model is that only the wealthiest countries can truly bene-fit from the advantages of international trade. Trade appears as a driver of divergence rather than convergence because, in some cases, it tends to exacerbate inequalities between nations. Some countries benefit from global growth while others, despite their geographical proximi-ty, seem to drift away irreversibly.The second essay underscores the vulnerabilities arising from the tourism specialization of many Caribbean countries. Although this specialization has allowed them to benefit from the growth of wealthy countries, it also exposes them to all shocks that may affect this sector. The Covid-19 pandemic tragically revealed this fragility, as evidenced by the clear decline in GDP directly related to the importance of tourism in each of these countries. Caribbean economies were directly affected by travel restrictions imposed by tourists' countries of origin, without having a say. Thus, in addition to the fragility inherently linked to specializa-tion, these countries found themselves largely deprived of their sovereignty in economic pol-icy matters, which is particularly problematic when there is a divergence of interest.The third essay explores a potential avenue for Haiti's development. Despite CARICOM's stated intentions, intra-community trade remains very limited, and the expected benefits of the Chaguaramas agreements have yet to materialize. Caribbean countries have few com-plementarities and could be nothing more than competing tourist destinations without con-nections if they did not benefit from the visibility provided by belonging to the Caribbean community at the international level. We argue that Haitian craftsmanship could enrich the region's tourism industry. Haiti has a clear comparative advantage in this field due to its abundant workforce compared to other countries in the region. It could thus benefit from the successful tourism industry of its neighbors, as these countries have every interest in promot-ing a more cultural, profitable, and sustainable form of tourism than mass tourism
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Scriven, Joshua. "On caricom and the varying levels of and motives for integration among the member states." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/618.
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In an era of rapid transport and communication, spectators have come to expect a bridging of the classic political, social, and economic divide between states. It is taken for granted that states have more to work together than to strive independently for. CARICOM is the Caribbean's experiment at regional integration and it member states have pledged their ostensible support. This study is aimed at gauging the true levels of enthusiasm of the member states, which have varied among them and over time. By analysing the trade pattern of the Members with each other in comparison with the rest of the world, the commitment of the member states was ascertained. The study explores various issues and characteristics of the region that help to bolster or threaten increased cooperation among the Members. Among these, external dependency, social peculiarities, and the vulnerability of the Members makes for an interesting and uncertain prediction for the group's future. Using various indicators and indices from such sources as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the Commonwealth Secretariat the states were compared and their various situations analysed to give reason for their varied levels of commitment to regionalisation through CARICOM. Certainly possessing more in common than not, the Members prove an exception, or perhaps a refutation to the idea of international cooperation being positively affected or catalysed by commonality.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Gilbert-Roberts, Terri-Ann P. "The dynamics of regional governance : the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) experience in a context of sovereignty paradox." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531223.
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Brathwaite, George Christopher. "CARICOM and the politics of migration : securitisation and the free movement of community nationals in Barbados." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2561.
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This thesis seeks to understand how the ‘free movement of CARICOM nationals’ (FMCN) and intra-regional migration have become securitised in Barbados. The key aim of the thesis is to understand the social facts constitutive of the FMCN in Barbados. The thesis presents data on key securitising actors and audiences in Barbados. It analyses how Caribbean Community (CARICOM) migrants are understood to be posing threats and dangers to the Barbadian society and/or state. The processes, interactions, and discursive practices that lead to these conditions of security/insecurity are then examined in more detail. The thesis, on the basis of an instrumental case study of Barbados, advances social constructivism and the Copenhagen School’s concept of securitisation as the most appropriate theoretical framework for gaining an understanding on the FMCN and intra-CARICOM migration dynamics. Primary data are drawn from a selection of methods incorporating elite interviews with key state/institutional leaders and the media. This method is complimented with documentary research in the format of parliamentary debates; government speeches and reports; books and journals; communiqués; and newspaper articles. The thesis engages with critical discourse analysis in order to gain analytical purchase on agency within domestic and international structures. It argues that market forces, material conditions, cultural constraints, and technological forces are crucial indicators for any reading of the securitisations taking place in the transnational and national spaces of CARICOM. The key findings and analyses show significant challenges for Barbados regarding perceptions of national versus regional identities. With the functioning of the FMCN, the social construction of fear and mistrust leads to grave misunderstandings among multiple actors. The thesis’ original contribution stems from analysing the securitisation dynamics underpinning FMCN and intra-CARICOM migration in Barbados and CARICOM.
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RIGELO, Chloé A. "The Institutional Discourse of Development: The postcolonial condition and the case of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM)." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22645.
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Using a discourse analysis, the thesis will examine the impact of the postcolonial condition and the desire for integration in the institutional framing of human development reports, policies and programs. Three levels will be used to contextualize the Caribbean expression of human development. First, the international level will be represented by the UNDP, central organ of the international development engine to provide the context of the international discourse. Then, regional and national levels with a case study of Barbados and Haiti will be investigated and evaluate to what extent does the postcolonial condition and identity enable the regional integration into the international development discourse. The paper seeks to verify empirically the Postcolonial criticism of development and produce IR Postcolonial empirical research on discourses to voice the Caribbean experiences. I argue that the region does not produce a counter-discourse to development and reject the claim that the postcolonial condition/subjectivity is an obstacle the use of the international development framework in the postcolonial Caribbean. To support my position, the notion of identity will be assessed highlighting the references to a regional identity put forward the unity of the region. The thesis will conclude that the attempt to foster a regional Caribbean identity is weaken by the ambivalence of the postcolonial subjectivity and the desire for integration.
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Zaujecová, Ľubomíra. "EU - Karibik: špecifiká úrovní vzájomných vzťahov." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75127.
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The objective of the thesis is to analyse mutual relations between the European Union and the Caribbean region, especially to study and subsequently evaluate the various levels in which these relations take place. The first chapter deals with the mutual relations of the EU and the Caribbean as a part of the ACP group of states, which represented the beginnings of their collaboration. In addition to the characteristics of the group as a whole and their common features, it addresses also specific features of different regions while trying to distinguish the Caribbean from the other two. Its main part is a legal institutional form of their relations as well as its practical form. The second chapter is the level at which the EU cooperates with the various groupings of the Caribbean. It discusses the legal institutional framework ensuring their relations, trade and development cooperation. The last, third chapter is devoted to the national level and explains how the ongoing humanitarian assistance and implementation of development programmes works thanks to participation of both, the local authorities of the Caribbean countries and the European Union.
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Vincent-Mark, Arlene A. "The impact of NAFTA on the CARICOM countries: the case of Jamaica and its textile/apparel industry." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2001. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1633.
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This study examined the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the economies of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
The study was based on the premise that the implementation of NAFTA would have negative consequences for the CARICOM economies. This was the prediction advanced mainly by political theorists, government officials and economic analysts primarily from the Caribbean region, who suggested that it would be in the best interest of both the economies in the subregion and of the United States, if NAFTA parity were granted to the former in order to alleviate or offset the problems they were likely to experience as a result of NAFTA.
A case study analysis was used to analyze the textile/apparel industry in Jamaica, the sector which was most vulnerable to the consequences of NAFTA. A number of indicators/variables were utilized to evaluate the pre- and post-NAFTA impact on the industry. Evaluations of these variables were made based on data collected primarily from government sources in Jamaica and the U.S.. and from interviews conducted with Jamaican government and industry officials.
The researcher found that there were existing problems within the industry in Jamaica prior to the implementation of NAFTA, that in some cases escalated after the passage of the Agreement. The conclusions drawn from the findings suggest that NAFTA could not be held accountable for the decline in performance of the industry, although it could have contributed to the worsening of the preexisting problems.
The results of the study suggest areas that the CARICOM nations need to pay particular attention to in their efforts to survive in an environment where trade liberalization and globalization will increasingly play an important role in global trade.
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George, Dion. "Perpetual Dependency: An Analysis of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Relationship with the International Monetary Fund." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/172.
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This study examined the relationship between CARICOM governments and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The study focused on three research questions: (1) What do the CARICOM leadership and other stakeholders believe are the major reasons why they continue to rely on the financial assistance and intervention of the IMF? (2) Under which paradigm of development do these leaders and stake holders perceive their relationships with the IMF? (3) How do younger and older CARICOM citizens perceive the future growth of their countries, under the leadership of the IMF?
Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study to analyze the research questions; therefore, this study used a mixed-methods design. Research question one was analyzed using a qualitative design, while the second and third research questions used a quantitative analysis in the form of descriptive statistics. The analysis, which was limited to six interviews, contained 13 questions. Thematic analysis explored themes such as unique crafting of policies to meet challenges; rationale to undergo IMF programs; ability to meet domestic and international payment obligations; and most applicable economic paradigm to CARICOM. This study also examined the economic paradigms undergirding CARICOM leaders’ decision to use the International Monetary Fund in addressing the socioeconomic and political development issue of the region. The sample consisted of 49 participants.
The study concluded that the IMF policies are uniquely crafted to suit the specific CARICOM countries’ needs. These countries tend to invite the IMF interventions out of a sheer necessity and often are reluctant to do so. Yet, doing so provides access to additional funding and other resources that would likely have been otherwise unavailable. While the intent of the IMF programs is to eliminate the inefficient use of resources in these states, sometimes government spending can be impacted by its political nature and yield unintended consequences.
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Onnis, Tamara [Verfasser], Mathias [Akademischer Betreuer] Albert, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Vasilache. "Theorizing regional integration in the Caribbean neofunctionalism and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) / Tamara Onnis ; Mathias Albert, Andreas Vasilache." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1145134033/34.
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Ali, Eduardo Raoul. "A critical analysis of higher education accreditation policy processes in the emerging CARICOM Single Market and Economy Territories." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12812/.
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This thesis addresses the question: 'How do Higher Education Accreditation Policy Processes Compare Among Emerging CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) Territories?' I investigate the perspectives of accreditation policy experts, namely researchers, analysts, text writers and implementers, through written materials and interviews, to be able to answer the research question. I begin by discussing the new regionalism as a theoretical backdrop to the study and explain how the philosophy and approaches to new regionalism relate to the development of Caribbean higher education accreditation policy framework, as articulated by the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). In this discussion, I refer to Jules' (2008) postulate of harmonization of regional education policies within CARICOM. His study was analyzed as a suitable frame of reference for my study. In this study, I used a critical policy analysis to assess the policy production processes in five countries in the Caribbean region as they relate to regional accreditation. These policies are measured against the draft model legislation for accreditation proposed by the CARICOM. In addition to this, I focused attention on three policies -Barbados, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago- to understand the mechanism of harmonization. The study focuses on the new development on regional sustainability called the CSME, the central aim of the policy within the CSME and corresponding processes by which higher education accreditation policies were being formulated and enacted. I applied theoretical thematic analysis to analyze data from documentary sources and experts' perceptions to interpret how accreditation policy production processes were applied in three stages in policy analysis; `defining policy', `researching policy' and `negotiating policy'. These stages were examined in relation to globalization contexts, nation state policy making within a federal context and the roles of politics, empirical policy research and stakeholder participation. Data analysis revealed that accreditation policy production and implementation showed a tendency to exhibit what Jules referred to as `harmonization' at the CARICOM level, whereas `policy borrowing and dissemination' seemed to have occurred at the national level due to contextualization pressures. The political negotiation process was al voured approach during policy production. Conversely, inadequate emphasis was placed on empirical policy research. Although stakeholders were consulted, their views were considered much less than the state's role in policy production. Following from this analysis, the thesis argues for the need to emphasize an empirical approach to the study of accreditation policy and practice that utilizes culturally appropriate education policy frameworks as tools for education policy making in the Caribbean region.
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Hinds, Kristina. "The activism and inclusion of civil society organisations in CARICOM on trade negotiating matters : a look at three cases." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/93/.
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This thesis seeks to understand why civil society organisations (CSOs) in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) began to mobilise in the 1990s and why government overtures to consulting CSOs on trade matters emerged from around the same time. In addition, this thesis examines the ways in which different types of CSOs have mobilised on trade issues and the ways in which governments have included CSOs in trade consultations. To answer the “why” questions, this thesis posits that both material and ideational factors were important for motivating CSOs to conceive of themselves as needing to mobilise on trade matters in the context of the 1990s. The material and ideational factors of note here are: shifts in the direction of neo-liberal policy orientation, towards a focus on globalisation and towards emphasising good governance. These have impacted on actor interests and perceptions. Despite ideational and material factors impacting on CSO interest perceptions and on government approaches to trade matters, these factors cannot account for variations in the types of CSOs that mobilise and that governments consult on trade matters. This is where institutional factors become important. Institutions can help one to understand how different CSOs have mobilized and how CSOs have been included on trade matters at the region level and across three case studies (Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and St. Lucia). In essence the thesis shows that whilst ideational and material factors help one to understand why CSOs have mobilised and have been included, institutional factors help one to understand how they have been included.
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Warnock-Smith, David. "Socio-economic impact of air transport in small island states : an evaluation of liberalisation gains for the Caribbean Community (Caricom)." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3988.
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As the primary output of the air transport sector, the flow of air passengers plays an
important role in the economic and social welfare of nations, while the sector’s
regulatory framework represents the main vehicle through which government can
exert a given level of influence over the provision of such services. This research
modifies and applies existing macroeconomic impact theory to the Caribbean
Community (Caricom), before developing an improved method by which to evaluate
the supply and demand effects of further air policy liberalisation in the region.
It was found, using an original multi-method approach, that the Caricom air transport
sector contributed on average 16.9% towards GDP and 14.2% of the labour force. A
large variation around these regional averages were noted, however, and are said to be
primarily determined by exogenous factors such as relative size of GDP, relative
sector diversity and relative level of trade dependency, with the largest impacts being
recorded in smaller, tourism dependent islands. A significantly different picture
emerges if catalytic impacts are removed showing the strength of the multiplier, with
contribution to GDP reducing to 2.8% and the percentage of the labour force
declining to around 1.9%. Multipliers for Trinidad & Tobago (-0.40), the Bahamas
(2.38) and Guyana (2.95) were below the global average, however, reiterating the
heterogeneity of the sample and by extension the whole Caribbean community.
Using fixed-effects panel regression, the removal of bilateral or multilateral entry and
tariff barriers were found to increase the average country-pair’s arriving and departing
passenger levels by 250,000, 22,000 and 8,000 on NA-, UK- and Intra-Caricom
markets respectively, given a one unit increase in air policy liberalisation. The actual
impact of liberalisation on any given market was moderated by unobserved fixedeffect
dummy variables which provided each country-pair with a unique intercept
value to take account of underlying network and market maturity differences. Hence,
all currently restricted country-pairs in the sample would stand to gain around
183,000 passengers per annum if a gradual bilateral approach to liberalisation was
adopted. A counterfactual analysis suggested that a one unit policy change in the year
2000 on all 13 currently restricted markets would have increased passengers levels to
around 16.4 million. In the multilateral scenario both restricted and partially liberal
markets experience simultaneous reform resulting in a predicted traffic increase of
621,000 passengers per annum. Using ‘within sample’ multipliers, the extra bilateral
output is estimated to increase baseline expenditure by US$51 million or US$16
million per annum when catalytic spending is included and excluded respectively.
With multilateral reform, an additional US$164 million or US$53 million would
accrue to the regional economy. When compounded, the total time-series effect of
multilateral liberalisation totals 3.7 million passengers on top of the baseline, boosting
regional output by 2.6% or 0.7% and increasing employment by 1.4% or 0.2%.
Given previous evidence, extra-regional reform will not take place multilaterally in
the foreseeable future. In the short to medium term, a combination of a revised
Caricom MASA and gradual moves towards bilateral liberalisation would produce
optimum macroeconomic results. The historical and counterfactual findings of this
research challenge current restrictive practises in the region. Further assistance with
respect to foreign carrier entry and regional carrier integration could stimulate the
desired fare, capacity, frequency and connectivity improvements and generate
significant increases in overall welfare.
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Reis, N. C. M. "Will CARICOM countries be vulnerable to financial crises as a result of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) : the Cotonou Agreement?" Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2014. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27729/.
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Whether the EPA contains the seeds of potential financial crises in relation to the CARICOM countries, using the concepts of globalisation, volatility risk and hubris (of leadership, economic thought and a weak regulatory environment). This study seeks to establish whether financial crises may occur when the variables of globalisation, volatility risk and hubris within a weak regulatory environment coincide within the framework of the Economic Partnership Agreement between the ACP countries, (in particular the CARICOM countries) and the EU (the Cotonou Agreement). Ultimately it is the intention to assess whether there is any association between these factors to determine if when combined we can anticipate the likely occurrence of financial crises. A number of research hypotheses were derived from the review of the literature in Documents 2 and 3. The evidence presented in Document 4 did not support the null hypotheses and allowed us to conclude that there is a statistical association among globalisation, volatility risk and hubris. In conclusion, we explore the attitudes of key sectors with respect to the EPA economic framework and proffer that a likely combination of these three variables may contribute to the occurrence of financial crises. Furthermore it is the author’s contention that the Cotonou Agreement may contain the ingredients to usher in another financial crisis.
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Vienneau, Danielle Marie. "An assessment of the available information on environmental impacts of chemical pesticides used in the CARICOM states of the Caribbean region." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24934.pdf.
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Isaacs, Wainella. "Opportunities to Mainstream Gender in Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Projects: A Case Study in Barbados." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6621.
Full textAbstract:
According to the World Resources Institute, Barbados is one of seven Caribbean countries ranked as being the most water stressed territories in the world. Prevailing drought conditions for the period 2010-2016 further compromised its water security while confirming predictions of a drier regional Caribbean climate. The simultaneous failing of at least 50-year-old water infrastructure at many points in the distribution network adds to these water stress conditions, and presents a financial burden to the local water utility in the form of lost revenues, and increased energy consumption for pumping.
Climate change and its impacts are not gender-neutral, and water infrastructure projects developed to mitigate and or adapt to climate change impacts will have different degrees of gender dimensions, based on the social and economic contexts within which populations are embedded. Incorporating gender differences in climate projects is smart economics, and as such the Green Climate Fund (GCF) is the first international fund to mandate the integration of a “gender-sensitive approach” throughout project life cycles. The Barbados Water Authority (BWA) is applying, with the Caribbean Community Climate Change Center (5Cs), for funding from the Green Climate Fund to pursue an Energy-Water-Nutrient Nexus for Sustainable Coastal Infrastructure (EWN-SCI) project. The proposed project will develop an interdisciplinary program in Barbados that implements demonstration sites with integrated water supply, resource recovery, and renewable energy management systems that are designed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, support climate change adaptation strategies, build technical capacity in the Caribbean region, and share lessons learnt with the rest of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) countries.
The overall goal of this research is to present practical guidelines, and approaches to mainstream and operationalize gender throughout the life cycle of water and wastewater infrastructure projects using an Energy Water Nutrient nexus project in Barbados. The objectives to guide this research are (1) to determine the institutional and legal frameworks that inform the types and extent of gender mainstreaming activities to be incorporated in the development of water and wastewater climate infrastructure projects in Barbados, (2) to characterize the current landscape for integrating gender into the design and management of water and wastewater infrastructure in Barbados, and (3) evaluate and recommend opportunities for gender integration in the life cycle of water and wastewater infrastructure in Barbados.
Literature and tools for categorization of the gender dimensions of water and wastewater infrastructure (centralized and decentralized) projects in Small Island Developing States, and particularly Caribbean nations to determine the scope, and type of appropriate gender mainstreaming activities are limited. In the literature, gender equality as a goal of climate financing mechanisms was introduced retroactively for several multilateral climate funds due to sub-optimal project outcomes from gender blind projects. Projects implemented by these funds globally, post inclusion of explicit gender equality outcomes can provide direct, or indirect guidance on appropriate gender mainstreaming activities to be included in the development of water and wastewater infrastructure projects in Barbados. Case studies on water and sanitation gender vulnerabilities in Jamaica provide one of the few ideal sources of information on Caribbean gender mainstreaming activities.
To inform objective 1, literature on Barbados’ population, socio-economic statistics, and national gender and climate change policies was used to determine the status and scope of institutional and legal commitments to gender mainstreaming the development of water and wastewater climate adaptive infrastructure in Barbados. To satisfy objective 2, a gender profile of technical and leadership roles at the BWA was created, and social media information, results of a water user survey, focus groups and interviews were analyzed to gain cultural context, and community insight on existing gender inequalities, impacts resulting from the types of water infrastructure projects pursued and their methods of implementation. The survey, focus groups and interviews were conducted in Barbados during the period 10/20/16 to 11/8/16. This period was characterized by unprecedented water shortages and interruptions which were reflected in the feedback from the data analysis. For objective 3, gender impacts of the infrastructural components of the EWN-SCI projects were described, and opportunities to address these concerns across the individual infrastructure project cycles were proposed.
There are currently no legislative commitments to gender equality in water and wastewater resources management in Barbados. A Draft National Policy on Gender is presently before parliament but the policy does not address gender and water. The BWA has more men than women employed in technical (45% vs 3.5%), and leadership (9.1% vs 3.9%) roles which directly contribute to the design and management of the utility’s projects. Most of these individuals are in the middle or near the end of their careers (> 40 years of age), and thus present a timely opportunity to recruit, train and promote women to fill these roles.
On social media (Facebook and Twitter), many individuals described the challenges experienced during the water shortages. Individuals also criticized the BWA for their lack of communication during this period. The lack of an online presence by the BWA represented a lost opportunity to engage its stakeholders on collaborative solutions that could temporarily or permanently alleviate the challenges.
The water user survey revealed a statistical significant association (p ≤ 0.05) between gender and type of water storage container used at the household level. Men were more likely than women to report use of larger plastic buckets and tanks, while women showed a preference for smaller buckets and bottles. Identification and consideration of design parameters such as preference for type and size of storage receptacle, system elevation, position of cleaning access point, and need for a pump will facilitate or limit the successful adoption or adaptation of rainwater harvesting systems. The proposition of a research arm of the utility that could study gender dimensions of health impacts of water quality and water interruptions, and economic studies assessing feasibility of introducing a tariff structure on water provision were priority projects from the BWA. Investment in equipment at the national government lab, and at the University of the West Indies (UWI) Chemistry Department represents a skills building and economic empowerment opportunity for women who form the bulk of workforce at these institutions.
The key recommendations identified from the Gender Impact Assessment for the model EWN-SCI Projects were to the need to identify clear gender objectives and targets prior to project implementation to ensure their incorporation in the project. Budgetary allocations to appoint a gender focal point who would coordinate these activities are also recommended. Job creation is one the main areas for distribution of project benefits for the EWN-SCI Project. Since the current skillsets for technical jobs at the BWA bias allotment to men, and at the UWI Chemistry Department there is bias in favor of women, targeted training and recruitment should be aimed at the under-represented sex for each position. Additionally the inclusion of socio-economic information as a criterion for prioritization of locations for intervention was recommended.
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Bernard-Sinseau, Marie-France. "Aspects économiques et sociaux des États de la Caraïbe orientale membres du Commonwealth britannique : L'OECS : De la veille du Caricom à l'intégration régionale, 1962-2002." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0208.
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L'OECS -Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States- regroupe neuf pays de la zone orientale des Caraïbes engagés dans un processus d'intégration régionale depuis 1962. En dépit de performances économiques honorables, le bilan social reste mitigé. Le paradoxe repose sur une croissance satisfaisant et un seuil de pauvreté élevé. La problématique est la suivante : Dans quelle mesure la stratégie collective a-t-elle engendré le progrès humain ? De qèueles atouts disposent ces pays face aux défis de la mondialisation des échanges culturels et économiques ? La paix sociales semble être garantie et un certain degré de bien-être s'observe sur le terrain. L'art du détournement et la contribution diasporique compensent partiellement les insatisfactions, alors que d'autres facteurs culturels, comme la relation solidaire et l'adaptation aux besoins réels, de même qu'un maillage institutionnel efficace, garantissent l'optimise sociétal. A cela s'ajoute un contaxte international favorable aux regroupements. L'espace décrit a développé un système d'ingration en cercles concentriques, basé sur un réseau de coopération, le protégeant des attaques extérieures et de l'instabilité macro-économique. Six des États membres se sont dotés d'une monnaie unique dans la stabilité est l'atout principal et tirent parti de leurs multiples héritages culturels et naturels, tout comme ils témoignent d'une maîtrise des cadres de référence onusiens et des pratiques institutionnelles internationales. Ces PEID, membres du Commonwealth, allient les exigences de la mondialisation à l'intérêt de leurs communautésThe Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States in composed of nine countries engaged in a process of regional integration since 1962. They have achieved significant succes in strengthening their economies but the challenge remains in the social field. Paradoxically, the high growth rate doesn't provide for a solution to the high level of poverty. The question is : To what extent has the collective strategy fostered human progress ? As Small island Developing states, how can they face the complexity of cultural and economic globalization ? If a level of social well-being can be locally noticed, owing to a significant diasporic contribution, cultural and institutional resources, the six independent states have also established a Central Bank with a single currency which has enjoyed unparalleled stability. In addition to inter-island cooperation is the coordination of performances in the use of United-Nations frameworks and assistance from the donor community. These countries are facing the new context of liberalization with great concern about the their own community environmental interests
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Griffith, Alana Dione Devina. "Welfare theorising in developing country contexts an application of regime and path dependence theory to CARICOM with emphasis on formal social protection in Barbados and Jamaica." Thesis, University of Kent, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578067.
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Recent comparative research on welfare systems in developing country contexts has omitted micro states like those in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). This dissertation addresses this gap and makes contributions to the literature through the use of two different research techniques. First, a macro-quantitative comparison laying a foundation for regime theorising and second, a micro-qualitative comparison as a means of understanding the evolution of these welfare systems over time and whether this evolution occurs in a path dependent manner. In the spirit of existing comparative welfare state theorising the research uses cluster analysis. This is combined with discriminant analysis to ascertain whether the countries are homogeneous enough to form groups and to determine whether these groups are heterogeneous and can be considered separate and distinct from each other and which variables were significant in determining the cluster patterns observed. It compares the results of these tests at a ten year interval to assess the stability of the clustering pattern over time. A Wilcoxon T test is performed on the variables used in the cluster analysis to identify whether there were any significant changes in the variables between the two years. This is followed by comparative case studies conducted on the oldest formal social protection systems for two CARICOM members - Barbados and Jamaica - to provide greater insight into their development over time and whether a thesis of path dependence was applicable to their development. While the cluster and discriminant analyses were centred around 1997 and 2007 when suitable data were available, the historical analysis of the case studies concentrates on the 1960s - 2007 when formal social protection was instituted. The historical analysis also addresses antecedent conditions to formal social protection much of which coincided with colonialism.
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Wallace, Goring Namitasha. "The CARICOM dispute settlement mechanism : an analysis of the infringement and enforcement institutions and procedures based on a review of the WTO and EU dispute settlement regimes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185858.
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The proliferation of regional trading agreements around the world has changed the landscape of international trade law from a multi-polar system anchored in the nationstate to one where there are groups of closely-knit sovereign nations. They are usually drawn along geographical lines and are conducting trade with one another in a myriad of ways. This craze for trade deals is sure to give rise to disputes that are an inescapable outcome of the bilateral, regional and international agreements that contain the will of these nations to engage in greater co-operation with one another. As such, it has become necessary to design reliable dispute settlement mechanisms for the settlement of trade related disputes for the effective functioning of the trading agreements. Dispute settlement systems have progressed from being unsophisticated and diplomacy oriented as typified by that of the GATT to the highly legalized adjudication based mechanism that is the crowning glory of the WTO. This trend has been followed by other trading organizations that have modified their dispute settlement mechanisms to become more legalistic. CARICOM is a reborn regional trading bloc in the Caribbean and in lock step with the trend of other trading clubs has augmented its dispute settlement mechanism with a long awaited regional court and other non-binding alternative dispute resolution methods to avert legal clashes. This thesis examines the progress of the CARICOM dispute settlement mechanism from its originally diplomatic procedures to its enhanced legalistic system. A standing judicial institution in CARICOM is a coming of age for this region and its jurisprudence now referred to as CARICOM law. These significant legal advances raise many normative questions about the adequacy of the dispute settlement institutions and whether the rules and processes are clearly defined to enable nascent CARICOM law to be the primary tool by which there can be effective regulation of CARICOM integration. In order to answer these questions this thesis reviews the dispute settlement mechanisms of the WTO and the EU as the natural ‘parents’ of the CARICOM dispute settlement system.
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Bravo-Prudent, Arlette. "La Carai͏̈be insulaire anglophone : entre identité, mondialisation et développement, des origines à nos jours, quelques exemples sur la Dominique et Sainte-Lucie." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040145.
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La Carai͏̈be insulaire anglophone, particulièrement la Dominique et Sainte-Lucie, moulée dans la colonisation de plantation qui a organisé une société au fonctionnement externe, est confrontée à la mondialisation et au développement. Or, la mondialisation uniformise le sous-développement et piétine l'identité de ces " îles nations ", inédites par leur histoire. Souvent, les organisations internationales imposent, loin des réalités et des choix des populations, des politiques commerciales et financières qui génèrent misère et révoltes. La Carai͏̈be a expérimenté la régionalisation avec l'OECS, le CARICOM. Aujourd'hui, face à l'ALENA, elle lance l'AEC et compte sur l'U. E, le Commonwealth et la Francophonie. Elle devrait privilégier le développement endogène pour maîtriser sa transformation, appliquer une stratégie de " dépériphérisations ", d'ajustements " internalisés " et de valorisation du patrimoine, socioéconomique et culturel pour concilier identité, mondialisation et développementThe English-speaking Caribbean particularly Saint-Lucia and Dominica, shaped by the colonial system of plantation that organized an external running society has to cope with globalization and development. Whereas globalization standardizes under-development and tramples the identities of these "islands States" with their unique histories. International organisations often determine trade and financial markets policies away from peoples' choices, which generate misery and revolts. The Caribbean experimented regionalization with OECS, CARICOM, and CSA. Today, it has to take into account NAFTA, to rely upon the E. U, the Commonwealth, and the Francophonie as well. It has to favour an endogenous development to control its change, apply a strategy of breaking away periphicies ", of " internalized " adjustments, socioeconomic and cultural legacy to reconcile identity with globalization and development
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Pinza, Sofia. "Studio di carichi e dimensionamento dell'utensile a rullo per macchina utensile MAS1." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10257/.
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Adriani, Mattia. "Progettazione ed implementazione di un sistema di misura dei carichi generati da una macchina automatica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Find full textAbstract:
L’obiettivo perseguito dal seguente elaborato è quello di delineare la progettazione e l’applicazione sul campo di un sistema di misura dei carichi statici e dinamici prodotti da una macchina automatica operante nel packaging on-demand.
La macchina oggetto di studio è la CW-L 1000, macchinario prodotto da CMC S.p.A. azienda in cui si è svolto il tirocinio curricolare.
La trattazione si compone di cinque capitoli che ripercorrono le varie fasi di sviluppo del progetto.
Partendo da un approccio prettamente teorico al problema, si è introdotta un’analisi qualitativo-funzionale del macchinario considerato, passando poi alla ricerca e studio dei possibili sistemi di misura già esistenti sul mercato.
Terminata la fase teorica, vengono analizzati i punti di forza e le criticità dei vari progetti concettuali ideati, dai quali è stato possibile individuare la soluzione finale al problema e sviluppare un adeguato programma per l’individuazione dei centri di massa della macchina.
Il lavoro si conclude con la messa a punto del sistema e la definizione degli sviluppi futuri che l’azienda intende perseguire mediante la realizzazione di tale progetto.
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Malcolm, Christopher Phillip. "Caribbean integration and economic development : an examination of the policy and essential background against which the establishment of an appropriate financial integration model for CARICOM must be considered as well as core elements that are to be included in its design." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500079.
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Dianese, Alexei de Campos. "Variabilidade e controle de Phytophthora palmívora (podridão-do-pé) e controle da varíola (Asperisporium caricae) do mamoeiro (Carica papaya)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2006. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/5575.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, 2006.Submitted by wesley oliveira leite (leite.wesley@yahoo.com.br) on 2009-10-28T23:19:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese__Alexei de Campos Dianese.pdf: 869164 bytes, checksum: 409f65abbb3596cd4536da4701e52712 (MD5)
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Made available in DSpace on 2010-10-06T14:10:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese__Alexei de Campos Dianese.pdf: 869164 bytes, checksum: 409f65abbb3596cd4536da4701e52712 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
O mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.), possivelmente originário da América Central, é uma das plantas tropicais de maior importância na produção nacional e mundial de fruteiras. Este projeto visou estudar diferentes aspectos de duas doenças importantes que afetam a produção de mamão no Brasil: a podridão do pé e dos frutos (Phytophthora palmivora) e a varíola (Asperisporium caricae). Uma coleção de isolados de P. palmivora foi montada para se verificar a variabilidade em termos de virulência do patógeno em experimentos com mudas e frutos de mamoeiro. A maioria dos isolados do patógeno provenientes do mamoeiro foi altamente virulenta. O isolado proveniente de Morremia odorata foi avirulento. Além disso, diferentes genótipos de mamão foram avaliados no campo e em experimentos em casa de vegetação para resistência a P. palmivora. O cultivar “Tailândia Roxão” demonstrou ser moderadamente resistente. Conjuntamente, fertilizantes a base de fosfitos foram testados para o controle da doença, com dois produtos (fosfito 40 % P2O5 + 20 % K2O, 150 ml/100 l; e fosfito 20 % P2O5 + 20 % K2O, 200 ml/100 l) retardando o desenvolvimento da doença. Do mesmo modo dez isolados de Trichoderma sp. foram avaliados quanto ao seu potencial como agentes de controle biológico de P. palmivora em experimentos com mudas em casa de vegetação. Os isolados cen162 e cen235 foram os mais efetivos. Diferentes doses de nitrogênio e calcário dolomítico incorporadas ao solo em experimentos com vasos também foram avaliadas em relação a sua influência no desenvolvimento da podridão do pé em mudas de mamoeiro. O tratamento com 1,02 g de nitrogênio/kg de solo e 10,10 g de calcário/kg de solo apresentou a menor incidência da doença ao final de três plantios sucessivos. Diferentes genótipos de mamão também foram avaliados no campo para resistência a Asperisporium caricae. Os cultivares “Tailândia Roxão” e “Sekati” demonstraram ser moderadamente resistentes ao patógeno. Alem disso, onze fertilizantes a base de fosfitos foram avaliados, em experiemntos no campo e em casa de vegetação, quanto ao seu potencial como alternativa ao uso de fungicidas tradicionais para o controle da varíola. Todos os produtos retardaram significativamente o progresso da doença. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the most important fruit trees worldwide. In this project two of its most common fungal diseases in Brazil were studied: root and fruit rot (Phytophthora palmivora) and black spot (Asperisporium caricae). A group of P. palmivora isolates was tested, in experiments with papaya seedlings and fruit, for there variability in terms of virulence. Most of the papaya isolalates were highly virulent. The Morremia odorata isolate was avirulent. Moreover, ten papaya genotypes were evaluated in field and greenhouse trials for resistance to P. palmivora. The cultivar “Tailândia Roxão” was moderately resistant to the disease in all trials. Also a group of phosphites was tested for P. palmivora control. Two products (phosphite 40 % P2O5 + 20 % K2O, 150 ml/100 l; and phosphite 20 % P2O5 + 20 % K2O, 200 ml/100 l) effectively slowed disease development. Similarly, ten Trichoderma sp. Isolates were evaluated in greenhouse trials as possible biocontrol agents against P. palmivora. The isolates cen162 e cen235 were the most effective. Diferentes dosages of nitrogen and dolomitic limestone were mixed to soil infested with P. palmivora and there influence on disease development was evaluated in seedling trials. The treatment with 1,02 g of nitrogen/kg of soil and 10,10 g of dolomitic limestone /kg of soil had the least disease incidence. Nine papaya genotypes were evaluated in a field trial for resistance to A. caricae. The cultivars “Tailândia Roxão” and “Sekati” were moderately resistant to the disease. Also a group of eleven phosphites was tested for A. caricae control in field and greenhouse trials. All products effectively slowed disease development.
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Jeníčková, Martina. "Integrační procesy v Latinské Americe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3184.
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Diplomová práce se zabývá integračními procesy v Latinské Americe s důrazem na období od začátku 90. let 20. století, kdy dochází k oživení integračních snah. Zkoumá souvislosti mezi ekonomickou, politickou a kulturní dimenzí integrace. Poukazuje na určitý posun v charakteru integrace od 90. let minulého století a také na některé nové trendy. V první části stanovuje východiska k problematice. V druhé části zkoumá integraci ze subregionálního hlediska. V třetí části se zabývá celoregionálními iniciativami. Práce rovněž naznačuje vliv USA na latinskoamerickou integraci.
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Cottignoli, Roberto. "Studio della interazione fra ventricolo e carico arterioso: condizioni per il trasferimento al carico della massima energia." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17530/.
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Lo studio effettuato trae spunto da un lavoro a cura del Dipartimento di Ingegneria Biomedica e del Dipartimento di Medicina della Johns Hopkins University pubblicato nel 1985.
Durante la trattazione si vedranno perciò le procedure sperimentali che hanno adottato e se troverà conferma l'ipotesi da loro formulata, ovvero che il ventricolo sinistro effettui il massimo lavoro cardiaco verso il carico arterioso quando le elastanze, ventricolare ed arteriosa efficace, sono le stesse.
A tale scopo gli autori del suddetto lavoro hanno scelto di eseguire i test su ventricoli sinistri isolati di cani.
A seguito della corretta preparazione di tali ventricoli hanno agito su di essi, rispettando rigidi protocolli che consentono la ripetibilità dell'esperimento. Modificando il volume di fine diastole, la contrattilità, la frequenza cardiaca nel ventricolo e la complianza arteriosa, una volta raccolti i dati, hanno osservato come la variazione di tali parametri influenzi la resistenza arteriosa e come il cambiamento della stessa resistenza arteriosa abbia ripercussioni sul lavoro cardiaco.
Infine hanno utilizzato un sistema di analisi che, simulando un carico arterioso riconducibile ad un modello Windkessel a 3 elementi, ha consentito di predire il volume per battito in condizioni variabili di accoppiamento ventricolo-arterioso.
Grazie a questo sistema è stato possibile trovare la relazione per la quale l'energia meccanica trasferita dall'elastanza ventricolare a quella arteriosa efficace è massima. Arrivando infine a verificare l'ipotesi iniziale per cui il lavoro cardiaco è massimo quando elastanza arteriosa efficace ed elastanza ventricolare sono uguali.
Nonostante i limiti della sperimentazione, riconducibili per lo più al fatto che non ci si trova in una situazione “in vivo”, i risultati rimangono validi e costituiscono un buon punto di partenza per studi in condizioni fisiologiche.
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Dueck, Gregory S. "Genetic relations and phylogeography of woodland and barrenground caribou." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34355.pdf.
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Tontodonati, Linda <1986>. "La Polizza di Carico nell'era della Blockchain." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9720/1/Tontodonati_Linda_Tesi.pdf.
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Da anni si assiste ad una continua e incessante evoluzione del settore marittimo, nel tentativo costante di introdurre nuove tecnologie per migliorare i servizi offerti, con l’obiettivo di accelerare la velocità degli scambi commerciali e ridurre i costi delle operazioni. Nell’intento di offrire un’assistenza all’avanguardia ed in tempi ridotti, particolare importanza hanno avuto le evoluzioni in tema di Polizza di Carico. La Polizza di Carico o Bill of Lading (B/L) è il principale documento utilizzato nel trasporto marittimo a livello internazionale caratterizzandosi come ricevuta di carico, titolo rappresentativo di merce e prova del contratto di trasporto. Dagli anni Ottanta del secolo scorso, diversi sono stati i tentativi di sviluppare una polizza di carico elettronica che presenti le stesse funzionalità di quella cartacea al fine di ovviare agli inconvenienti del documento tradizionale garantendone, al tempo stesso, la medesima sicurezza ed efficacia. Di recente, il progresso scientifico e l’innovazione digitale, hanno contribuito all’introduzione nel settore dello shipping di una polizza di carico basata sulla Blockchain. Nonostante sia indubbio che tale tecnologia possa garantire molteplici vantaggi, il reale utilizzo di una Blockchain Bill of Lading risulta, a tuttora, un’ipotesi in piena evoluzione.For years we have witnessed a continuous evolution of the maritime sector, in the constant attempt to introduce new technologies with the aim of improving the services offered, accelerating the speed of trade and reducing the cost of operations. In order to offer a cutting-edge assistance in a short time, the evolution in terms of Bill of Lading have had particular importance. The Bill of Lading (B / L) is the main document used in maritime transport at an international level, characterized as a receipt of cargo, document of title and proof of contract. Since the 80’s of the last century, there have been several attempts to develop an electronic bill of lading that has the same functionality as the paper one in order to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional document while guaranteeing the same safety levels and effectiveness. Recently, scientific progress and digital innovation have contributed to the introduction of a Blockchain based bill of lading in the shipping sector. Although there is no doubt that the digital in the maritime transport sector can lead to multiple advantages, the actual use of a Blockchain Bill of Lading is still evolving.
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Aglaé, Marie-Joseph. "Fiscalité et intégration dans le C. A. R. I. C. O. M : Caribbean Community an Common Market." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010262.
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Une approche comparée des fiscalités internes dans le CARIMON permet de mettre en évidence des différences en matière d'impôt sur les bénéfices des entreprises, et une disparité des techniques d'imposition de la dépense. Elle suggère également d'étendre la coordination des politiques fiscales des pays membres au-delà de l7accord sur l'harmonisation des incitations à l'investissement dans l'industrie. L'appartenance des états de la région à la catégorie des pays en développement les autorise à revendiquer, dans le cadre des conventions fiscales internationales conclues avec les pays exportateurs de capitaux et de connaissances, un large pouvoir d'imposition pour l'état de la source des revenus, afin de sauvegarder leurs intérêts financiers. L'importance des courants d'échanges entre la Caraïbe et les États-Unis d'Amérique impose aux pays du CARICOM de s'attacher à définir une position commune à l'égard de la politique fiscale américaine dans la région. Dans l'ordre communautaire, la convention fiscale entre les pays plus développés d'une part, et les pays moins développés d'autre part, et la mise en place de tels traités au niveau sous-régional doivent tenir compte de la situation des pays les moins avancés économiquement, et favoriser la fluidité des échanges dans le marché communA comparative approach of inland taxation in CARICOM allows to emphasize the differences as regards tax on profts, and disparition in sales taxes. This approach also suggests the extension of coordination of fiscal policies of member states beyond the agreement on harmonization of fiscal incentives to industry. The states of the region that belong to the category of developing countries, may claim, in the scope of double taxation agreement with capitals and knowledges exporting countries, a large power to tax for the contracting state in wich the incomes are produced. The importance of exchanges between the Caribbean and United States of America induice the CARICOM countries to adopt a common position concerning the American fiscal policy in this region. In the sphere of the community, the double taxation agreement between more developed countries on the one hand less developed countries on the other hand, and the setting up of such treaties at a subregional level must take into account the situation of less developed countries, and favour the flows of exchanges in the common market
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Freeman, Nicola L. "Motorized backcountry recreation and stress response in Mountain Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2287.
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Mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are endangered in British Columbia and motorized backcountry recreation has been identified as a potential threat to their persistence. My objective was to test if fecal glucocorticoids (GCs), indicative of physiological effects of ecological stress in wildlife, could be used as a non-invasive tool to quantify stress response in free-ranging caribou exposed to motorized recreation.
I validated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure concentration of fecal GCs for R. tarandus using an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge experiment on captive reindeer exposed to extreme variation in winter weather. Female reindeer expressed elevated fecal GCs 9-11 hrs after ACTH injection. Males showed no detectable increase, perhaps due to underdosing. Fecal GCs varied markedly in both sexes in response to natural variation in weather. Overall, my results indicated fecal assays can be used to track biologically meaningful changes in adrenal activity in R.tarandus.
I investigated the effects of motorized recreation on stress hormone production by measuring GCs in feces of mountain caribou exposed to snowmobile and heli-ski activity. Concentrations of fecal GCs in snowmobile and heli-ski areas were higher than those measured from caribou in areas where motorized recreation was not allowed. Caribou sampled up to 4km. 8km and I0 km distant from snowmobile activity showed elevated fecal GCs when compared to those sampled further from snowmobile activity areas. Other variables with a significant effect on fecal GCs included reproductive state, snow, aspect. minimum ambient temperature, and daily temperature range. My study indicates that measurement of fecal GCs provides a useful, noninvasive approach in the evaluation of physiological effects of environment, reproductive state, and human-induced stressors on free-ranging mountain caribou. Although research on many species indicates that chronically elevated GCs carry a variety of physiological costs, more study is needed to know whether GCs can be used as an index of human impact on population health or trend.
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Stronen, Astrid Vik. "Habitat selection and calf survival in the Telkwa caribou herd, British Columbia, 1997-2000." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0034/MQ66939.pdf.
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ORBISAGLIA, MAURIZIO. "Metodi di riduzione dell'oscillazione del carico nei carroponti." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242337.
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芳葳, 黄., and Fang Wei Huang. "Evolving social behavior of caribou agents in wolf-caribou predator-prey pursuit problem." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13106314/?lang=0, 2019. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13106314/?lang=0.
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We investigate an approach to apply Genetic Programming for the evolution of optimal escaping strategies of a team of caribou agents in the wolf-caribou predator prey problem (WCPPP) where the WCPPP is comprised of a team of caribou agents attempting to escape from a single yet superior (in terms of sensory abilities, raw speed, and maximum energy) wolf agent in a simulated twodimensional infinite toroidal world. We empirically verify our hypothesis that the incorporation of empathy in caribou agents significantly improves both the evolution efficiency of the escaping behavior and the effectiveness of such a behavior. This finding may be viewed as a verification of the survival value of empathy and the resulting compassionate behavior of the escaping caribou agents. Moreover, considering the fact that a single caribou cannot escape from the superior wolf, the ability of a team of empathic caribou agents to escape may also be viewed as an illustration of the emergent nature of a successful escaping behavior – in that the team-level properties are more than the mere sum of the properties of the individual entities. Within this context, we also present empirical results that verify the complex (nonlinear) nature of the relationship between the size of team of caribou agents and the efficiency of their escaping behavior.博士(工学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering
同志社大学
Doshisha University
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Anderson, Robert B. "Peatland habitat use and selection by woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in northern Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ47003.pdf.
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Henderson, Lyle. "Thule and Caribou Inuit subsistence strategies : re-evaluating the origins of the Caribou Inuit." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83109.
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The goal of this thesis is to re-evaluate the origins of the Caribou Inuit. The thesis presents theories that have been proposed by Birket-Smith (1929), Burch (1978), and Clark (1978). Each theory represents a diverse perspective regarding Caribou Inuit origins that include, respectively, a proto-Eskimo origin, an immigration origin, and cultural change resulting from European contact.The alternative theory being proposed in this thesis is that change in environmental conditions that resulted from the Little Ice Age caused the most favoured food resource, the ringed seal, to decline significantly in abundance because the necessary ice conditions that are required for these seals to inhabit a particular area no longer existed. The implications that are discussed and tested as a result of a decline in marine resources are there would have been a shift in focal resources, a corresponding change in regional territories, and a change in subsistence-settlement systems.
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Silverio, Thiago Cunha. "Efeito da adi??o do leite de vaca ? calda bordalesa no controle da var?ola do mamoeiro em diferentes densidades de cultivo em sistema org?nico." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1703.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
The study was conducted, in the center of Integrated Rural Education State-CEIER, located in the municipality of White Eagle, Northwest of the State of Esp?rito Santo, the aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the whole milk added to the Bordeaux mixture Asperisporium caricae control, causative agent of smallpox and the behavior of this disease in different population densities the papaya tree. In setting up the experiment, the seedlings were separated by size: smaller, medium-sized and larger, so that the implementation of the orchard, there was within each block seedlings with similar vigor. The seedlings of papaya (Carica papaya L.) were prepared, using seeds of papayas hermaphrodites of the cultivar ' Golden Sunrise ', belonging to the soil. On planting and leading between each block, was grown legumes Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) as green manure. The plants were bi-monthly composted manure tanned and potassium sulphate and alternating sprays with foliar fertilizer Agrobio (2%). The phytosanitary control followed the rules of organic farming. Spontaneous herbs were controlled by means of plant cover (Sunn hemp biomass) and periodic ro?adas. It took the experimental design of randomized blocks, being arranged in factorial arrangement of treatments. We evaluated the whole milk concentrations (0,0%, 5% and 10%) + 1% Bordeaux mixture (subplots), in six different breeding densities (1667, 2167, 3167, 2667, 3667 and 4167 plants. hectare-1). Based on the results it is concluded that: the addition of raw cow's milk to the Bordeaux mixture enables greater control of smallpox of papaya, both on the leaves, as in the fruits; the mixture prepared with 10% of raw cow's milk in Bordeaux mixture, the greater the inhibition signs of smallpox from papaya, both on the leaves, as in the fruits; analyzing by vegetative aspect of papaya, the greatest effect of the addition of raw cow's milk in Bordeaux mixture occurs in younger leaves; the extent to which increasing the dosage raw cow's milk, from zero to 10%, in Bordeaux, increases linearly, the ability to control the smallpox of the papaya, both on the leaves, as in the fruits; less degradated plantations allow lower occurrence of smallpox from papaya, both on the leaves, as in the fruits, if compared to those more Caterpillar; the density of plantation of papaya of 1667 plants.ha-4167 plants even 1.ha-1 the severity of smallpox of the papaya tree increases in a linear fashion; smallpox papaya progresses, exponentially, from bottom to top and/or older leaves to the newest; the part of the fruit, stuck in the plant, yet more exposed to external factors, is the most affected by smallpox of papaya, compared with the part facing the stem; analyzing for the papaya reproductive aspect, the greatest effect of the addition of raw cow's milk in Bordeaux is noticed on the face less exposed of the fruit; and, eat avocado with more leaves infected by smallpox will produce fruits also more affected by this disease
O estudo foi conduzido, no Centro Estadual Integrado de Educa??o Rural ? CEIER, situado no munic?pio de ?guia Branca, Regi?o Noroeste do Estado do Esp?rito Santo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a a??o do leite integral adicionado ? calda bordalesa no controle do Asperisporium caricae, agente causal da var?ola e o comportamento desta doen?a em diferentes densidades de cultivo do mamoeiro. Na montagem do experimento, as mudas foram separadas por tamanho: menores, m?dias e maiores, de forma que na implanta??o do pomar, houvesse dentro de cada bloco mudas com padr?o de vigor parecido. As mudas de mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) foram preparadas, utilizando-se sementes de mam?es hermafroditas da cultivar ?Sunrise Golden?, pertencente ao grupo Solo. Na entrelinha de plantio e entre cada bloco, foi cultivada a leguminosa crotal?ria (Crotalaria juncea) como adubo verde. As plantas foram bimensalmente adubadas com esterco curtido e sulfato de pot?ssio e pulveriza??es alternadas, com o biofertilizante l?quido Agrobio (2%). O controle fitossanit?rio seguiu as normas da agricultura org?nica. As ervas espont?neas foram controladas por meio de cobertura vegetal (biomassa da crotal?ria) e de ro?adas peri?dicas. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas. Avaliaram-se as concentra??es de leite integral (0,0%, 5% e 10%) + calda bordalesa 1% (subparcelas), dentro de seis densidades de cultivo diferentes (1667, 2167, 2667, 3167, 3667 e 4167 plantas.hectare-1). Com base nos resultados conclui-se que: a adi??o de leite de vaca cru ? calda bordalesa possibilita maior capacidade de controle da var?ola do mamoeiro, tanto nas folhas, quanto nos frutos; a mistura preparada com 10% de leite de vaca cru na calda bordalesa, propiciou a maior inibi??o dos sinais da var?ola do mamoeiro, tanto nas folhas, quanto nos frutos; analisando pelo aspecto vegetativo do mamoeiro, o maior efeito da adi??o do leite de vaca cru na calda bordalesa ocorre nas folhas mais novas; a medida em que se aumenta a dosagem de leite de vaca cru, de zero at? 10%, na calda bordalesa, aumenta-se, linearmente, a capacidade de controle da var?ola do mamoeiro, tanto nas folhas, quanto nos frutos; plantios menos adensados possibilitam menor ocorr?ncia da var?ola do mamoeiro, tanto nas folhas, quanto nos frutos, se comparados ?queles mais adensados; da densidade de plantio do mamoeiro de 1667 plantas.ha-1 at? 4167 plantas.ha-1 a severidade da var?ola do mamoeiro aumenta de maneira linear; a var?ola do mamoeiro progride, exponencialmente, de baixo para cima e/ou das folhas mais velhas para as mais novas; a parte do fruto, preso ainda na planta, mais exposta aos fatores externos, ? a mais acometida pela var?ola do mamoeiro, se comparado com a parte voltada para o caule da mesma; analisando pelo aspecto reprodutivo do mamoeiro, o maior efeito da adi??o do leite de vaca cru na calda bordalesa ? notado na face menos exposta do fruto; e, mamoeiros com as folhas mais infectadas pela var?ola produzir?o frutos tamb?m mais acometidos por esta doen?a.
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MANZI, VINCENZO. "Relazione dose-risposta tra carico di allenamento e prestazione." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1114.
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Studio 1. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di esaminare il profilo del carico di allenamento (TL) di giocatori professionisti di basket di alto livello durante una fase cruciale della stagione competitiva ( prima dei play off scudetto ). I soggetti sono stati otto giocatori di basket professionisti a tempo pieno (età 28 ± 3.6 anni, altezza 199 ± 7.2 centimetri, massa corporea 102 ± 11.5kg, grasso corporeo 10.4 ± 1.5%), nei quali la frequenza cardiaca (FC) è stato registrato nel corso di ciascuna sessione di allenamento e la loro risposta individuale al carico di allenamento è stata monitorata utilizzando il metodo delle session-RPE (200 sessioni di allenamento). E’stata utilizzata l'associazione fra il metodo delle session-RPE e della frequenza cardiaca d’allenamento per valutare la validità di popolazione del metodo delle session-RPE. Relazioni significative sono state osservate tra le session-RPE individuali e tutti i carichi di allenamento individuali basati sulla frequenza cardiaca (valori di r da 0.69 a 0.85; P <0.001). Gli allenatori spontaneamente hanno fornito una fase di tapering durante la settimana competitiva indipendentemente dal numero di partite giocate durante essa (vale a dire uno o due partite). I carichi di allenamento individuali di ciascuna settimana non differivano significativamente tra i giocatori (P > 0.05). Il basket professionistico maschile di elite impone un grande stress fisiologico e psicologico sui giocatori durante le sessioni di allenamento e le competizioni ufficiali (1-2 per settimana). Di conseguenza è comprensibile l'importanza di un metodo valido e pratico per valutare il TL individuale. In questa ricerca abbiamo dimostrato che le session-RPE possono essere considerate come un metodo attuabile per valutare il TL senza l'uso di strumenti più sofisticati (i.e. cardiofrequenzimetri). Il metodo delle session-RPE ha consentito l'individuazione dei modelli di periodizzazione nella pianificazione settimanale del basket professionistico d'elite durante una fase cruciale della stagione competitiva (modello con 1 vs 2 gare settimanali).
Studio 2. L'obiettivo di questo studio è stato quello di sviluppare un metodo per controllare le risposte ai carichi di allenamento (TL), su base individuale, in corridori amatoriali di lunga distanza (LDR), attraverso l’analisi del training impulse (TRIMP). L'ipotesi testata è stata che un TRIMP basato su determinati fattori di ponderazione individuali potrebbe tradursi in una migliore quantificazione delle risposte dell’allenamento e della prestazione in LDR rispetto ai metodi basati su valori medi di gruppo. Le risposte del TL di 8 LDR (età 39.9 ± 6.5 anni) sono state monitorate utilizzando una versione modificata del TRIMP originale, denominato TRIMP individualizzato (TRIMPi) per un periodo di 8 settimane. Il TRIMPi è stato determinato in ciascun LDR utilizzando profili individuali di frequenza cardiaca (FC) e di lattato ematico determinati nel corso di un test incrementale al treadmill. L’allenamento ha prodotto degli effetti sulla prestazione (5 e 10 km corsa) e delle variazioni sulla fitness aerobica sub-massimale (sulla velocità a selezionate concentrazioni di lattato ematico, 2 e 4 mmol∙l-1) valutati prima e alla fine dell’allenamento. La velocità a 2 (+ 21.3 ± 5.2%, P < 0.001) e 4 (+ 10.6 ± 2.4%, P < 0.001) è aumentato in maniera significativa nel post-allenamento. I miglioramenti nella velocità di corsa (%) a 2 mmol∙l-1 (r = 0.87, P = 0.005) e 4 mmol∙l-1 (r = 0.74, P = 0.04) di concentrazione erano significativamente correlati con il TRIMPi settimanale. Nessun correlazione significativa tra le variabili, è stata rilevata quando sono stati utilizzati valori basati sulla media di gruppo. Il TRIMPi era significativamente correlato alla prestazione sui 5000 m (r = -0.77, P = 0.02) e sui 10000 m (r = -0.82, P = 0.01). Il TRIMP individualizzato è un valido strumento per monitorare la fitness (velocità a 2 e 4 mmol∙l-1) e le prestazioni (ad esempio, 5000 10000 m) nel LDRs ed è più utile di metodi basati su valori medi del gruppo.
Studio 3. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è stato quello di quantificare la distribuzione dell’intensità dell’ allenamento e i suoi effetti sulla fitness aerobica in calciatori d’elite. 14 calciatori d’elite (età 25 ± 4 anni, altezza 178 ± 7 cm, massa corporea 74 ±8 kg) hanno volontariamente preso parte a questo studio e sono stati osservati durante il periodo precampionato (6 settimane). La fitness aerobica sub-massimale è stata misurata pre e post allenamento con un test incrementale al treadmill per la determinazione della velocità e della FC alle concentrazioni ematiche di lattato a 2 e 4 mmol∙l-1. La frequenza cardiaca dei giocatori è stata registrata in tutto il periodo precampionato. L’intensità dell’allenamento è stata divisa in tre zone: bassa intensità (FC < 2 mmol∙l-1)moderata intensità (FC tra 2 e 4 mmol∙l-1) alta intensità (FC > di 4 mmol∙l-1). L’analisi individuale delle 504 sessioni d’allenamento ha mostrato che il 73 ± .5, il 19 ± 2.8 e l’8 ± 1.4% del tempo totale è stato speso rispettivamente a bassa, moderata e elevata intensità (P < 0.001). La velocità a 2 e 4 mmol∙l-1 è aumentata significativamente nel post allenamento (rispettivamente 5 e 7% P < 0.01). L’allenamento passato ad alta intensità era significativamente correlato con l’incremento della velocità relativa a 2 mmol•l-1 (r=0.84; 95%CI 0.55 a 0.95; P < 0.001) e 4 mmol•l-1(r=0.65, 95%CI 0.20 a 0.80; P = 0.001). Questo studio ha dimostrato che i calciatori professionisti passano circa i 2/3 del loro tempo d’allenamento a bassa intensità come gli atleti di endurance. Però solo il tempo passato ad alta intensità ( > 90% della FC massima) è relazionato con il cambio nella fitness-aerobica. Questi risultati supportano anche il successo di tutti quei metodi di quantificazione del carico di allenamento aerobico che usano la FC.Study 1. The aim of this study was to examine the training load (TL) profile of professional elite level basketball players during the crucial parts of the competitive season (pre play-off finals). Subjects were eight full-time professional basketball players (age 28±3.6 years, height 199±7.2cm, body mass 102±11.5kg, body fat 10.4±1.5%) which heart rate (HR) was recorded during each training session and their individual response to TL monitored using the session-RPE method (200 training sessions). The association between the Session-RPE method and training HR was used to assess the population validity of the session-RPE method. Significant relationships were observed between individual Session-RPE and all individual HR-based TL (r values from 0.69 to 0.85; P<0.001). Coaches spontaneously provided a tapering phase during the competitive weeks irrespective of the number of games played during it (i.e. one o two games). The individual weekly players’ TL resulted not significantly different from each other (P >0.05). Elite male professional basketball imposes great physiological and psychological stress on players through training sessions and official competitions (1-2 per week). Consequently the importance of a practical and valid method to assess individual TL is warranted. In this research we demonstrated that Session- RPE may be considered as a viable method to asses TL without the use of more sophisticated tools (i.e. HR monitors). The Session-RPE method enabled the detection of periodization patterns in weekly planning in elite professional basketball during crucial part of the competitive season (1 vs 2 weekly fixtures model). Study 2. The aim of this study was to develop a method to monitor responses to training loads (TL) on an individual basis in recreational long-distance runners (LDR) through Training Impulses (TRIMP) analysis. The hypothesis tested was that a TRIMP based on individually determined weighting factors could result in a better quantification of training responses and performance in LDR in comparison to methods based on averaged-based group values. The TL responses of 8 LDR (age 39.9 ± 6.5 years) were monitored using a modified version of the average-based TRIMP, referred to as individualized TRIMP (TRIMPi) over a period of 8 weeks. The TRIMPi was determined in each LDR using individual heart-rate (HR) and lactate profiles determined during an incremental treadmill test. Training induced effects on performance (5 and 10 km race) and changes in sub-maximal aerobic fitness (speeds at selected blood lactate concentration, 2 and 4 mmoll-1) were assessed before and at the end of the training intervention. Speed at 2 mmoll-1 (+21.3 ± 5.2%, p<0.001) and 4 mmoll-1 (+10.6 ± 2.4%, p<0.01) concentrations significantly increased post-training. Improvements in running speed (%) at 2 mmoll-1 (r=0.87; P=0.005) and 4 mmoll-1 (r=0.74, P=0.04) concentrations were significantly related to weekly TRIMPi sum. No significant relationship between any variable was detected when averaged-based group values were used. The TRIMPi was significantly related to 5000 m (r=-0.77; P=0.02) and 10000 m track performance (r =-0.82; P=0.01). Individualized TRIMP is a valid tool in tracking fitness (speed at 2 and 4 mmoll-1) and performance (i.e. 5000 and 10000 m races) in LDRs and is more valuable than methods based on average group values. TRIMPi could predict race performance in LDRs. Study 3. The aim of this paper was to quantify the distribution of training intensities and its effect on aerobic fitness in professional elite soccer players. Fourteen professional soccer players (age 25±4 years, height 178±7 cm, body mass 74±8 kg) volunteered to this study and were observed during the prechampionship training period (6 weeks). Sub-maximal aerobic-fitness was assessed pre and post training with an incremental treadmill test for the determination of speed and heart-rates (HR) at 2 and 4 mmol⋅l-1 blood lactate concentrations. Players’ HRs of all pre-championship training sessions were recorded. Training intensities were categorized using three HR zones: low-intensity (
HR 4 mmol•l-1). Analysis of the 504 individual training sessions showed that 73±2.5, 19±2.8 and 8±1.4% of the total training time was spent at low, moderate and high intensity, respectively (P <0.001). Speed at 2 and 4 mmol⋅l-1 significantly improved post-training (5 and 7%, respectively P<0.01) Training spent at high intensity was significantly related with relative speed improvements at 2 mmol•l-1 (r=0.84; 95%CI 0.55-0.95; P<0.001;) and 4 mmol•l-1 (r=0.65, 95%CI 0.20-0.80; P=0.001). This study showed that elite professional soccer players spent almost two-third of their training time at low intensities similar to endurance athletes. However, only the time spent at high-intensity (>90% of maximal HR) was related to changes in aerobic-fitness. These results also support the usefulness of the quantification of aerobic training load using HR.
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Petrella, Luca <1992>. "I PROVVEDIMENTI IMPOSITIVI EMESSI A CARICO DELLE SOCIETA’ FALLITE." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18589.
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La presente tesi affronta l’attuale disciplina del fallimento nelle società. Com’è noto, il D.lgs. n. 14 del 12 gennaio 2019, emanato in attuazione della L. 155 del 19 ottobre 2017, introduce nell’Ordinamento il nuovo Codice della Crisi d’impresa e dell’insolvenza, che in considerazione della modifica apportata all’art. 389 dello stesso dall’art. 5 del recentissimo D.L. 23 dell’8 aprile 2020 (“Decreto Liquidità”), entrerà in vigore il 1 settembre 2021 e sostituirà integralmente la vigente Legge Fallimentare (Regio Decreto 267/42). Probabilmente con tale scelta “forzata”, connessa all’attuale emergenza sanitaria e di conseguenza a quella economica che purtroppo si prospetta, si vuole consentire a tutti i soggetti coinvolti di continuare ad operare secondo una disciplina consolidata e permettere al sistema economico di superare la fase più acuta dell’emergenza economica. Del resto, è evidente che in un clima di incertezza e di una crisi economica derivante da causa di forza maggiore, di entità rilevante e diverse a seconda della durata dell’emergenza e dell’impatto sui vari settori produttivi, non potrebbero avere un reale significato gli indicatori della crisi ipotizzati; anzi, la loro “efficacia” probabilmente pregiudicherebbe la ratio della riforma, vale a dire, quella di intercettare tempestivamente lo stato di crisi, tramite un sistema di segnalazione tempestiva, e di intervenire sulla stessa, favorendo invece l’apertura di una procedura liquidatoria.
La presente tesi nel primo capitolo analizzerà la disciplina fallimentare nel suo complesso e le novità introdotte con la nuova riforma, avente effetti modificativi sull’intera disciplina; per poi proseguire nel secondo capitolo, approfondendo il ruolo fondamentale del curatore e i suoi profili gestori all’interno della procedura. Il terzo capitolo affronterà il tema dell’autonomia processuale del fallito e le connesse questioni di legittimità avverso gli atti impositivi.
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SALI, MARIA ENRICA. "IL CARICO SOCIO-SANITARIO DELLA DEPRESSIONE MAGGIORE NEGLI ADULTI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404618.
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Introduzione: il Disturbo Depressivo Maggiore è la seconda causa che determina anni vissuti con disabilità nel mondo, con un elevato carico economico e sociale. Il presente studio si propone di valutare in dettaglio il burden socio-economico complessivo della della Depressione maggiore in età adulta in Italia.
Metodi: è stato condotto uno studio osservazionale, multicentrico e longitudinale sul costo della malattia su pazienti di età compresa tra 18 e 65 anni con diagnosi di Depressione maggiore che iniziavano o apportavano modifiche alla propria terapia antidepressiva. I sintomi depressivi sono stati valutati con scale cliniche specifiche ed è stata rilevata anche la qualità della vita correlata alla salute. Sono stati raccolti i dati relativi al consumo di risorse sanitarie e la perdita di produttività per stimare i costi della Depressione maggiore.
Risultati: La gravità della Depressione maggiore era maggiore durante le visite di arruolamento e diminuiva durante il periodo di osservazione, come riportato da tutte le scale cliniche. È stato anche osservato un miglioramento significativo dei punteggi sulla qualità di vita. Le spese mediche dirette aumentavano nei primi 3 mesi e diminuivano nel tempo (0-3° mese: € 155,9 per paziente-mese, 3°-6° mese: € 144,7 e 6°-12° mese: € 108,9). Anche i costi indiretti hanno mostrato un andamento simile con € 386,3 per paziente-mese per i primi 3 mesi dopo l'arruolamento e € 179,9 negli ultimi 6 mesi di osservazione.
Limitazioni: la dimensione del campione era piccola e nello studio non era presente alcun gruppo di controllo; non da escludere la possibilità della presenza di bias di selezione.
Conclusione: i risultati suggeriscono che la Depressione maggiore è un problema di salute mentale associato a un maggiore carico socio-economico che varia al variare della gravità dei sintomi. Questi risultati forniscono informazioni sulla complessità e sul burden della Depressione maggiore, e permettono di porre attenzione sull'importanza di includere i disturbi depressivi come priorità di salute pubblica.Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the second main cause of years lived with disabilities in the world, with high economic and social burden. This study aims to assess in detail the overall socio-economic burden of adult MDD in Italy. Methods: An observational, multicenter, longitudinal cost of illness study was conducted on patients aged 18-65 years with a diagnosis of MDD starting antidepressant therapy. Depressive symptoms were assessed with specific clinical scales and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) was also detected. The healthcare resources consumption and productivity loss were also collected to estimate the costs of MDD. Results: The MDD severity was higher during the enrolment visits and decrease during the observational period, as reported by all clinical scales. A significant improvement in HRQoL scores was also observed. Direct medical costs were higher in the first 3 months and decrease over time (0-3rd months: € 155.9 per patient-month, 3 rd -6 th months: € 144.7, and 6 th -12 th months: € 108.9). Indirect costs also showed a similar trend with € 386.3 per patient-month for the first 3 months after enrollment and € 179.9 in the last 6 months of observation. Limitations: The sample size was small and no control group was present in the study; furthermore there may be a selection bias. Conclusion: Results suggest that MDD is a mental health problem associated with higher socio- economic burden that varies with severity of symptoms. These results provide information on complexity and burden of MDD, emphasizing the importance of including Depressive disorders as a public-health priority.
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Pontes, Samantha Eunice de Miranda Marques. "Patrimônio gestual da capoeira carioca." Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11422/146.
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Submitted by Samantha Eunice de Miranda M. Pontes (samantha@sibi.ufrj.br) on 2016-04-13T13:58:21Z
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O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a capoeira que é vista sob a lente da Memória Social como um patrimônio gestual, construído a partir da conjunção das seguintes matérias: gestos, pessoas e significados. Entendendo o sujeito praticante como aquele que articula esse patrimônio por intermédio de seu corpo e sua voz, buscamos analisá-lo, em sua trajetória ao longo do tempo, através de textos, imagens e narrativas que o demonstrassem de maneira dinâmica e relacional, a fim de desvendar o seu papel na sociedade brasileira. Encontramos nos grupos de capoeira a estrutura privilegiada para observar o universo da capoeira em sua configuração atual, já que constituem importantes células do universo capoeirístico. Procuramos investigar as relações internas e externas dos grupos através da observação dos eventos de capoeira e de entrevistas com os mestres da arte, nas quais recolhemos importantes narrativas orais e gestuais, verificando, enfim, de que forma a gestualidade de um grupo colabora na constante construção de sua identidade.
The object of study of this work is the capoeira, seen under the Social Memory lens as a gesture heritage, built from the conjunction of the following substances: gesture, people and meanings. Understanding the capoeira practicing as the retainer of this heritage for intermediary of his body and his voice we try to analyze it, in its trajectory throughout the time, using texts, images and narratives that demonstrated it in a dynamic and relational way, in order to unmask what it means to the Brazilian society. We find in the groups of capoeira the privileged structure to observe the current configuration of the capoeira’s universe. We investigated the internal and external relations of the groups through participation on events and interviews with the masters of this art, in which we collected important verbal and body narratives, verifying at last in which way the gesture collection of a group collaborates in constant construction of its identity.
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ALVAREZ, ISHTAR MARIA RINCON. "LAS MUJERES DEL FUNK CARIOCA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27219@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
As mulheres no funk carioca pretende investigar o objeto depreciado a partir das formulações de Sigmund Freud e de Jacques Lacan sobre a mulher e o feminino, tomando como ilustração algumas letras do gênero musical Funk carioca, especificamente do subgênero chamado Funk Putaria. O trabalho se inicia com os postulados freudianos sobre a escolha amorosa e a explicação do rebaixamento feminino como condição para o amor. Esses pressupostos sobre a sexualidade feminina desembocam no enigma do desejo que Freud anuncia em forma de pergunta Was will das weib? - O que quer uma mulher? Posteriormente Lacan retoma a pergunta pelo feminino no texto Diretrizes para um congresso de sexualidade feminina, mas suas elucubrações sobre a sexualidade feminina chegam à sua cúspide no Seminário XX Mais Ainda (1974). Nele explica a existência de dois gozos, um fálico, do lado do sexual e do significante, e o outro gozo para um além do falo, que chama de Suplementar e o relaciona com o feminino. Finalmente, se apresentam as letras de funk que permitem ilustrar os dois gozos, concluindo que nas mulheres do funk carioca há um predomínio do gozo fálico, com ênfase na procura pelo falo, como símbolo de poder e saber sexual.
Las mujeres del funk carioca pretende investigar el objeto rebajado a partir de las formulaciones de Sigmund Freud y de Jacques Lacan sobre la mujer y lo femenino, tomando como ilustración algunas letras del género musical llamado Funk carioca, especificamente del subgênero Funk Putaria. El trabajo se inicia con los postulados freudianos sobre la elección amorosa y la explicación del rebajamiento femenino como condición para el amor. Esos postulados desembocan en el enigma del deseo que Freud enuncia en forma de pregunta Was will das weib? - Que quiere una mujer?. Posteriormente Lacan retoma la pregunta por lo femenino en el texto Directrices para un congreso de sexualidad femenina, hasta llegar a la cúspide de sus elaboraciones sobre la sexualidad femenina en el Seminario XX Aun (1974). Se plantea la existencia de dos goces, uno fálico, del lado sexual y del significante, y de otro goce más allá del falo, que Lacan llama de suplementar, relacionado con lo femenino. Finalmente, se presentan las letras de funk que permiten ejemplificar los dos goces, concluyendo que en las mujeres del funk carioca hay un predominio del goce llamado fálico, con énfasis en la búsqueda del falo, como símbolo de poder y saber sexual.
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Hirai, Tamaki. "An evaluation of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) calving habitat in the Wabowden area, Manitoba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ32130.pdf.
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