Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carminic acid

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Carminic acid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Carminic acid"

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Harris, Michael, Bridget K. Stein, John H. P. Tyman, and Christopher M. Williams. "The Structure of the Colourant/Pigment, Carmine Derived from Carminic Acid." Journal of Chemical Research 2009, no. 7 (July 2009): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823409x460768.

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The colourant/pigment carmine synthesised from carminic acid and calcium and aluminium acetates has been examined chemically and spectroscopically to determine its structure. As with alizarin, it appears probable that the material is a tetramer but composed of four carminic acid units with aluminium involved with the 5,6-dioxy groups in five-membered rings and calcium chelated with the 10-carbonyl group of the anthraquinone system.
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Sánchez-García, Mario Alberto, Xim Bokhimi, Sergio Velázquez Martínez, and Antonio Esteban Jiménez-González. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Prepared with Mexican Pre-Hispanic Dyes." Journal of Nanotechnology 2018 (June 19, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1236878.

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A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device capable of generating electrical power from the absorption of solar radiation. These cells use a SnO2 : F/TiO2/dye heterojunction as the active electrode (working electrode). Active electrodes containing TiO2 in the anatase crystalline phase and synthetic dyes are used to achieve high conversion efficiencies. Synthetic dyes, whether organic or organometallic compounds, have the disadvantage of being expensive. For this reason, many efforts are made worldwide to find natural dyes with lower production costs that can be used in the fabrication of DSSCs. Nocheztli is a natural red dye obtained from the cochineal insect Dactylopius coccus; the dye dates from pre-Hispanic times and contains high levels of carminic acid (CA). Nocheztli has been used in Mexico in textile dyeing from pre-Hispanic times to the present. Carmine is an organometallic dye with two molecules of carminic acid and one atom of aluminum in its structure; it is obtained by the interaction of the carminic acid from Nocheztli with aluminum salts. Carminic acid and carmine molecules contain a carboxyl group in their structure, allowing them to anchor to TiO2, creating a suitable heterojunction to prepare DSSCs. In this study, both dyes are used to sensitize the mesoporous TiO2m semiconductor to prepare DSSCs.
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Yoshida, Ayako, Yutaka Takagaki, and Takahiro Nishimune. "Enzyme Immunoassay for Carminic Acid in Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 3 (May 1, 1995): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.3.807.

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Abstract A competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for carminic acid was investigated. Monoclonal anti-carminic acid antibody was obtained from A/J mice immunized with carminic acid-human immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugate. Carminic acid was extracted with distilled water from beverage, jelly, candy, pasta sauce, yogurt, or ice cream samples. Ham or fish paste samples were digested with pro-nase, then carminic acid was extracted from samples with sodium hydroxide solution. The extract was diluted more than 10-fold with 1% gelatin in borate buffer solution. Microtiter plates were coated with carminic acid-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate or just BSA. Goat anti-mouse lgG(H+L)-peroxidase complex was used as a second antibody, and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine was used as a substrate for the peroxidase. The working range for quantitative analysis was 0.3–10 ng/mL, and the detection limit was 0.2 μg/g original sample. Recoveries of carminic acid by this assay were >95% for milk beverage and jelly, and >85% for yogurt and fish paste. Carminic acid was detected in 7 of 26 red-colored commercial food products and ranged from 3.5 to 356 μg/g. This EIA system also responded to the structural analogue of carminic acid, laccaic acid.
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Merino, Leonardo, Ulla Edberg, Hakan Tidriks, I. Berndtsson, K. Blomberg, S. Gustavsen, M. Hestdal, et al. "Development and Validation of a Quantitative Method for Determination of Carmine (E120) in Foodstuffs by Liquid Chromatography: NMKL Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 5 (September 1, 1997): 1044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.5.1044.

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Abstract ThimA liquid chromatographic method for quantitative determination of carmine (E120) in different foodstuffs is described. Qualitative and semiquantita- tive methods for analysis of carmine and other related dyes are well established. However, quantitative methods available are based mainly on enzymatic reactions that are time-consuming or specific for analysis of carminic acid in yoghurt. In the method developed and validated here, carminic acid is extracted by boiling the sample with HCI, purified on a solid-phase extraction cartridge, and injected on a Cis analytical column. The method was evaluated by an internal analytical quality control and a collaborative study in which 11 laboratories from the Nordic countries participated. The food samples analyzed were fruit jelly, liqueur, juice, yoghurt, and ice cream. Materials were distributed to participants as uniform level and split level. Validation showed that the proposed method is well suited for quantitative determination of carmine. The detection limit is 0.1 mg/L. The mean relative standard deviation for reproducibility varies from 7.9 to 11.7%. The proposed method is simple and relatively fast compared with previously published methods.
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Rakić, Violeta, Milena Miljković, Vojkan Miljković, and Nemanja Stančić. "INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARMINIC ACID." Applied Researches in Technics, Technologies and Education 6, no. 4 (2018): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/artte.2018.04.008.

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Foods must have attractive color, flavor and texture to be acceptable to consumers. Carminic acid (C.I. (1956) 75470; C.I. Natural Red 4; EEC No. E120) is a natural red dye extracted from cochineal, the desiccated bodies of female Dactylopius coccus Costa insects. Carminic acid produce pink shades in candy, confections, chewing gum, concentrated fruit juice, smoked fish, liqueurs and alcoholic cordials, soft drinks, yoghurt, ice cream, tomato ketchup, baked goods, dairy products, jams, jellies, eye shadow, and pill coatings. The impact of the presence of aspartame, citric acid and vitamin C on the spectrophotometric parameters of carminic acid was investigated. These results enabled us to evaluate the possibility of using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for easily identifying and quantifying carminic acid present in a wide variety of foodstuffs in the presence of additives. It was established that the investigated additives do not affect the position of absorbance maximum of the dye nor cause changes in its intensity. The value of molar absorptivity, ε, at 518 nm was 1265.68 ± 49.90 dm3/mol∙cm. The calculated value is necessary for the quantitative spectrophotometric determination of carminic acid food dye. The FT IR spectra of the dye was also recorded.
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Rakić, Violeta, Milena Miljković, Vojkan Miljković, and Nemanja Stančić. "INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARMINIC ACID." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, no. 1 (2018): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.2018.06.002.

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Foods must have attractive color, flavor and texture to be acceptable to consumers. Carminic acid (C.I. (1956) 75470; C.I. Natural Red 4; EEC No. E120) is a natural red dye extracted from cochineal, the desiccated bodies of female Dactylopius coccus Costa insects. Carminic acid produce pink shades in candy, confections, chewing gum, concentrated fruit juice, smoked fish, liqueurs and alcoholic cordials, soft drinks, yoghurt, ice cream, tomato ketchup, baked goods, dairy products, jams, jellies, eye shadow, and pill coatings. The impact of the presence of aspartame, citric acid and vitamin C on the spectrophotometric parameters of carminic acid was investigated. These results enabled us to evaluate the possibility of using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for easily identifying and quantifying carminic acid present in a wide variety of foodstuffs in the presence of additives. It was established that the inves­tigated additives do not affect the position of absorbance maximum of the dye nor cause changes in its intensity. The value of molar absorptivity, ε, at 518 nm was 1265.68 ± 49.90 dm3/mol∙cm. The calculated value is necessary for the quantitative spectrophotometric determination of carminic acid food dye. The FT IR spectra of the dye was also recorded.
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Jalón, Mercedes, Majesús Peńa, and Julián C. Rivas. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Carminic Acid in Yogurt." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 2 (March 1, 1989): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.2.231.

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Abstract A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of carminic acid in yogurt. A C18 column is used with acetonitrile-1.19M formic acid (19 + 81) as mobile phase and diode array detection. Sample preparation includes deproteinization with papain and purification in a polyamide column. The relative standard deviation for repeated determinations of carminic acid in a commercial strawberry-flavored yogurt was 3.0%. Recoveries of carminic acid added to a natural-flavored yogurt ranged from 87.2 to 95.3% with a mean of 90.2%. The method permits measurement of amounts as low as 0.10 mg/kg.
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IŞIKVER, Yasemin, and Ali IŞIKVER. "Investigation of Adsorption Isotherm Models for Interaction of P(AAm-ClAETA) and Carminic Acid, and Theoretical Approaches." Cumhuriyet Science Journal 44, no. 3 (August 22, 2023): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.1268752.

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In this study, the adsorption isotherm models for the sorption of carminic acid on P(AAm-ClAETA) hydrogels are explained by experimental and theoretical studies. The crosslinked hydrogels with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were prepared by radical addition reaction of acrylamide (AAm) and 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride (ClAETA) monomers in an aqueous solution. The spectral and morphological analyses of P(AAm-ClAETA) hydrogels were performed by FTIR/ATR and SEM, respectively. The adsorbed amounts of carminic acid on P(AAm-ClAETA) hydrogels were evaluated by Giles, Langmuir, and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Langmuir parameters were calculated for the adsorption of the dye on the hydrogels according to the L-type Giles isotherm. In addition, it was determined that its adsorption was appropriate from the RL values calculated for 500 mg L-1 carminic acid concentration. In addition, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapping was performed to predict the reactive sites of P(AAm-ClAETA) hydrogels and carminic acid. The results showed that the theoretical and experimental data of the hydrogels were in agreement with each other. As a result, it can be said that P(AAm-ClAETA) hydrogels are suitable for the removal of anionic dyes such as carminic acid from aqueous solutions.
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Bustamante-Brito, Rafael, Arturo Vera-Ponce de León, Mónica Rosenblueth, Julio Martínez-Romero, and Esperanza Martínez-Romero. "Metatranscriptomic Analysis of the Bacterial Symbiont Dactylopiibacterium carminicum from the Carmine Cochineal Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae)." Life 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life9010004.

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The scale insect Dactylopius coccus produces high amounts of carminic acid, which has historically been used as a pigment by pre-Hispanic American cultures. Nowadays carmine is found in food, cosmetics, and textiles. Metagenomic approaches revealed that Dactylopius spp. cochineals contain two Wolbachia strains, a betaproteobacterium named Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum and Spiroplasma, in addition to different fungi. We describe here a transcriptomic analysis indicating that Dactylopiibacterium is metabolically active inside the insect host, and estimate that there are over twice as many Dactylopiibacterium cells in the hemolymph than in the gut, with even fewer in the ovary. Albeit scarce, the transcripts in the ovaries support the presence of Dactylopiibacterium in this tissue and a vertical mode of transmission. In the cochineal, Dactylopiibacterium may catabolize plant polysaccharides, and be active in carbon and nitrogen provisioning through its degradative activity and by fixing nitrogen. In most insects, nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found in the gut, but in this study they are shown to occur in the hemolymph, probably delivering essential amino acids and riboflavin to the host from nitrogen substrates derived from nitrogen fixation.
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Allevi, P., M. Anastasia, P. Ciuffreda, A. Fiecchi, and A. Scala. "Simple transformation of carminic acid into kermesic acid." Journal of Organic Chemistry 52, no. 24 (November 1987): 5469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00233a033.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carminic acid"

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Bingham, Stephen John. "The total synthesis of carminic acid." Thesis, Brunel University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260260.

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Comanici, Radu. "Femtosecond spectroscopic study of carminic acid DNA interactions." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985060069.

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Cabrera, Rosa Beatriz [Verfasser]. "Downstream processing of natural products : carminic acid / Rosa Beatriz Cabrera." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1034788493/34.

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Gorbunova, Santa Maria. "Electrochemical characterization of carminic acid towards the use as an electrochemical molecular beacon for nucleic acid detection." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52894.

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Worldwide, more than a million people die from tuberculosis (TB) every year. Although the disease is curable, treatment is complicated by multi-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB strains. To detect TB and differentiate between its strains, a sensitive and specific point-of-care device is required. Previous studies show that carminic acid (CA), an anthraquinone derivative, is suitable as an electrochemical molecular beacon due to the ability to switch on and off its electrochemical activity on its dimerization. Characterization of the electrochemical activity of CA at low concentrations (1 μM to 1 mM) over a range of pH values was performed using methods such as cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and Koutecky-Levich analysis on a rotating disk electrode. CA species of different protonation, which are predominant at pH 1.1, pH 4.1, pH 6.6 and pH 10.5, were examined in more detail. All measurements were carried out on a glassy carbon electrode in phosphate buffer solution electrolyte. It was found that CA undergoes a diffusion limited two proton two electron redox reaction with an overall peak potential shift of 61 mV per pH unit. Electrochemical measurements of the fully protonated CA resulted in additional current peaks that were assigned to an adsorption process of a CA reduction product. Generally, CA has faster electron transfer kinetics in more acidic environment and no electrochemical activity was observed for the fully deprotonated CA species at pH 10.5. While SWV could be used for quantitative analysis of CA for the concentrations up to 1 mM, its redox current signal was determined not to be concentration dependent at high measurement frequencies. These frequencies can also be adjusted to be more sensitive towards either the redox peak potentials with sharper peaks at low frequencies or the electron transfer kinetics based on kinetic dependent peak currents at high frequencies. The limit of detection for CA at pH 7.0 was found to be as low as 10 nM when measured using 200 Hz SWV.
Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
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Guillermin, David. "Le rôle des matériaux hybrides à base d'argiles dans la protection des œuvres d'art." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS288/document.

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Le travail de cette thèse s’intéresse à la stabilisation de plusieurs pigments hybrides.Une première partie traite de pigment obtenu à l’aide de l’acide carminique et de la montmorillonite, une argile commune. Un procédé d’inversion de la charge de surface de l’argile avec un polymère cationique, ou l’utilisation d’argiles modifiées par des polycations de Titane et d’Aluminium, permettent l’élaboration du pigment. La résistance des pigments à la photodégradation est alors testée. Les techniques couplées de RMN, DRX, FTIR et d’EPR permettent d’éclairer l’agencement des molécules organiques sur la surface minérale, et également de suivre le processus de dégradation du colorant.La description de pigments hybrides obtenus à l’aide d’un spiropyrane vient compléter l’étude. Le composé, qui joue le rôle de colorant organique, est ajouté à différentes matrices minérales : l’argile, modifiée ou non, ainsi que la co-précipitation avec des organo-silanes. Ces synthèses permettent d’observer la variété de couleur obtenus en mélangeant un même colorant avec plusieurs matrices de nature différente
The work of this thesis focuses on the stabilization of several hybrid pigments.The first part deals with pigment obtained with carminic acid and montmorillonite, a common clay. A method of reversing the surface charge of the clay with a cationic polymer, or the use of clays modified with titanium and aluminum polycations, allows the elaboration of the pigment. The resistance of the pigments to photodegradation is then tested. Coupled NMR, DRX, FTIR and EPR techniques help to illuminate the arrangement of organic molecules on the mineral surface, and also to follow the dye degradation process.The description of hybrid pigments obtained using a spiropyran completes the study. The compound, which plays the role of organic dye, is added to different mineral matrices: clay, modified or not, and co-precipitation with organosilanes. These syntheses make it possible to observe the variety of color obtained by mixing the same dye with several matrices of different nature
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Guillermin, David. "Le rôle des matériaux hybrides à base d'argiles dans la protection des œuvres d'art." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS288.

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Le travail de cette thèse s’intéresse à la stabilisation de plusieurs pigments hybrides.Une première partie traite de pigment obtenu à l’aide de l’acide carminique et de la montmorillonite, une argile commune. Un procédé d’inversion de la charge de surface de l’argile avec un polymère cationique, ou l’utilisation d’argiles modifiées par des polycations de Titane et d’Aluminium, permettent l’élaboration du pigment. La résistance des pigments à la photodégradation est alors testée. Les techniques couplées de RMN, DRX, FTIR et d’EPR permettent d’éclairer l’agencement des molécules organiques sur la surface minérale, et également de suivre le processus de dégradation du colorant.La description de pigments hybrides obtenus à l’aide d’un spiropyrane vient compléter l’étude. Le composé, qui joue le rôle de colorant organique, est ajouté à différentes matrices minérales : l’argile, modifiée ou non, ainsi que la co-précipitation avec des organo-silanes. Ces synthèses permettent d’observer la variété de couleur obtenus en mélangeant un même colorant avec plusieurs matrices de nature différente
The work of this thesis focuses on the stabilization of several hybrid pigments.The first part deals with pigment obtained with carminic acid and montmorillonite, a common clay. A method of reversing the surface charge of the clay with a cationic polymer, or the use of clays modified with titanium and aluminum polycations, allows the elaboration of the pigment. The resistance of the pigments to photodegradation is then tested. Coupled NMR, DRX, FTIR and EPR techniques help to illuminate the arrangement of organic molecules on the mineral surface, and also to follow the dye degradation process.The description of hybrid pigments obtained using a spiropyran completes the study. The compound, which plays the role of organic dye, is added to different mineral matrices: clay, modified or not, and co-precipitation with organosilanes. These syntheses make it possible to observe the variety of color obtained by mixing the same dye with several matrices of different nature
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Gamboa, Nadia, and Walter Leidinger. "La química del ácido carminico." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99424.

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Desde tiempos inmemoriales, el hombre ha explotado a muchas especies de insectos como fuente de pigmentos capaz de competir con materiales de origen vegetal o de moluscos. Estudios físicos y químicos han dado a conocer las estructuras de 26 compuestos aislados hasta la fecha.
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Carvalho, Paulo Roberto Nogueira. "Extração de acido carminico e analise por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249925.

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Orientador: Carol Hollingworth Collins
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T08:51:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_PauloRobertoNogueira_D.pdf: 2958951 bytes, checksum: f467e72e3d59648c165286cecd155d38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Doutorado
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Cabrera, Rosa Beatriz. "Downstream processing of natural products : carminic acid /." 2005. http://www.jacobs-university.de/phd/files/1117719124.pdf.

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Pereira, Adriana Rodrigues da Silva. "Carmina em iogurtes: Ocorrência e Avaliação do risco." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/88247.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança Alimentar apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia
Desde sempre existiu a necessidade de alterar certas características dos alimentos, como é o exemplo da cor. Para tal recorre-se, frequentemente, a substâncias artificiais ou naturais. Estas alterações visam principalmente torná-los mais atraentes para o consumidor, para que tenham a cor tomada como ideal ou preferida no alimento em si, mesmo que não tenha qualquer influência no sabor. O objetivo destas alterações relaciona-se apenas com a aparência, não havendo qualquer interesse ou efeito no valor nutricional do alimento.Um dos corantes naturais mais consumidos no mundo é a carmina, corante obtido através do corpo seco da cochonilha. Apesar de ser considerado seguro para a saúde humana e aprovado por diferentes agências internacionais, este corante mostra ser um dos mais conhecidos por causar reações alérgicas. Este corante é usado numa enorme variedade de produtos, principalmente alimentares, onde se incluem os iogurtes. A metodologia usada para avaliar o teor de carmina expresso em ácido carmínico presente nas amostras consistiu em proceder a uma hidrólise em meio ácido, seguida de deteção e quantificação por espetrofotometria UV-Vis a 494 nm. Neste estudo foram analisadas 30 amostras, 13 de iogurtes líquidos e 17 de iogurtes sólidos. De entre estas, 43,3% eram de marcas brancas e 56,6% de marcas de fabricante.No grupo constituído pelos iogurtes sólidos observou-se um valor máximo de 193,75 mg/kg e no dos iogurtes líquidos esse valor foi de 153,13 mg/kg. Das 17 amostras de iogurtes sólidos analisadas seis encontram-se acima do limite máximo de utilização permitido pela legislação europeia, 150 mg/kg, e dos 13 iogurtes líquidos analisados, duas também se encontram acima daquele limite.Apesar de algumas amostras se encontrarem acima dos valores permitidos, o valor da EDI não ultrapassou o valor da ADI estabelecido pela EFSA em 2015, podendo concluir-se que a ingestão de ácido carmínico veiculada pelo consumo de iogurtes não apresenta risco para a saúde dos consumidores.
There has always been a need to change certain food characteristics, such as color. This is often done with artificial or natural substances. These changes are mainly intended to make them more attractive to the consumer, so that they have the ideal or prefered color in the food it self, even if it has no influence on taste. The purpose of these changes relates only to appearance, with no interest or effect on the nutritional value of the food. One of the most consumed natural dyes in the world is carmine, obtained through the dry body of cochineal. Despite being considered safe for human health and approved by different international agencies, this dye proves to be one of the best known to cause allergic reactions. This coloring is used in a wide variety of products, mainly food, including yogurt. The methodology used to evaluate the carmine content expressed in carminic acid present in the samples was by acid hydrolysis, followed by detection and quantification by 494 nm UV-Vis spectrophotometry. In this study were analyzed 30 samples, 13 of liquid yogurt and 17 of solid yogurt. Of these, 43.3% were non-brand and 56.6% were manufacturer brands. In the group consisting of solid yogurt a maximum value of 193.75 mg / kg was observed and in the group of liquid yogurt this value was 153.13 mg / kg. Of the 17 solid yogurt samples analyzed, six are above the maximum use limit allowed by European legislation, 150 mg / kg, and 13 of the liquid yoghurt samples analyzed, two are also above that limit. Although some samples are above the allowable values, the EDI value did not exceed the ADI value established by EFSA in 2015, and it can be concluded that the intake of carminic acid from yogurt consumption does not pose a risk to consumers health.
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Book chapters on the topic "Carminic acid"

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"Carminic Acid." In Food Additives Data Book, 192–95. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470995327.ch50.

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Mazzarello, Paolo. "Introduction: between revolution and conservatism." In The Hidden Structure, edited by Henry A. Buchtel and Aldo Badiani, 1–4. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198524441.003.0001.

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Abstract What a fantastic sight! On a yellow, completely transparent background, there appear sparsely scattered black fibres, smooth and small or thick and prickly, as well as black, triangular, star- or rod-shaped bodies! Just like fine India ink drawings on transparent Japanese paper. The scientist gazes upon it in astonishment. He is more accustomed to the chaotic images produced by carminic acid and haematoxylin, which yield one dubious interpretation after another. Here, on the other hand, everything is absolutely clear, without any possibility of confusion. There is nothing more to interpret; one need only observe and note these cells, with their different, ramified extensions, like plants in the morning frost, covering an astonishingly large space in wavy lines; these smooth and uniform extensions which, springing from the cell, cover great distances, before suddenly splitting up into a bunch of innumerable fibres. . . The delighted and astonished gaze cannot tear itself away from this fantastic sight. Methodic wishful thinking has become reality. Metal impregnation has produced a magnificent and unexpected slide.’
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Mazzarello, Paolo. "Introduction: Between Revolution And Conservatism." In Golgi, 3–6. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195337846.003.0001.

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Abstract One winter day at the end of 1872, or the beginning of 1873, a scientist sat down to work at his microscope in the unlikely setting of an asylum for lunatics in northern Italy, and after focusing back and forth for a while ... What a fantastic sight! On a yellow, completely transparent background, there appear sparsely scattered black fibers, smooth and small or thick and prickly, as well as black, triangular, star- or rod-shaped bodies! Just like fine India ink drawings on transparent Japanese paper. The scientist gazes upon it in astonishment. He is more accustomed to the chaotic images produced by carminic acid and hematoxylin, which yield one dubious interpretation after another. Here, on the other hand, everything is absolutely clear, without any possibility of confusion. There is nothing more to interpret; one need only observe and note these cells, with their different, ramified extensions, like plants in the morning frost, covering an astonishingly large space in wavy lines; these smooth and uniform extensions which, springing from the cell, cover great distances, before suddenly splitting up into a bunch of innumerable fibers ... . The delighted and astonished gaze cannot tear itself away from this fantastic sight. Methodic wishful thinking has become reality.
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4

"Indigo Carmine." In Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators, 209–16. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849382192-13.

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Cajal, S. Ramón Y., DR L. Azoulay, Neely swanson, and larry W. Swanson. "Variations In The Structure And Shape Of Neurons Under Normal And Pathological Conditions, And The Functional Implications Of Such Variations." In Histology Of The Nervous System, 183–201. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195074017.003.0007.

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Abstract Until quite recently, staining with carmine or hematoxylin was the only useful way of examining neurons for this purpose, and Flesch and his students M. Koneff, Anna Gittis, and Anna Kottarewsky, used it to observe that all cells in a particular nucleus or center do not necessarily present the same appearance. Some neurons stain darkly, and it is obvious they have absorbed considerable dye; at the same time, however, they appear rather shriveled. Other cells with a relatively simple shape and larger surface area display a much lower affinity for the stain and as a result are more pale. Flesch and his students were not content to let this observation stand on its own; instead, they ventured the suggestion that neurons throughout all parts of the nervous system fall into two classes. The first, consisting of chromophilic cells, displays a strong affinity for hematoxylin, carmine, and, as we shall see, the basic aniline dyes; whereas the second type, consisting of chromophobic cells, displays a lower affinity for these tinctures and is thus more lightly stained. A similar observation was made by Bellonci, who used the intensity of brown staining produced by osmic acid to distinguish chromophils from chromophobes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Carminic acid"

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Wang, Feng, Nan Cao, and Wei Huang. "Interaction between carminic acid and bovine serum albumin." In 2016 International Conference on Civil, Transportation and Environment. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccte-16.2016.127.

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Acosta Humánez, Manuel F., Alvaro Angel Arrieta Almario, Adrián Enrique Ávila Gómez, Arnold Rafael Martínez Guarín, Mario Andrés Palacio Vega, and Víctor Antonio Nova Casares. "Development of Charge Electrochemical Accumulator of Conductive Polypyrrole/ Cassava Starch Biopolymers." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52575.

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The development of electrochemical accumulators of charge starting from biopolymer conductors of cassava starch chemically synthesized from cassava and adding plasticizers (glycerol. polyethylene glycol and glutaraldehyde) as well as lithium perchlorate in varying concentration and the addition of polypyrrole, which was prepared electrochemically by chronoamperometry. Each of these polymers is used as a polymer solid electrolyte and electrode respectively. Paratoluensulfonic acid and indigo-carmine was used as counterion. Surface response methodology was implemented in order to maximize experimental conditions for accumulators assembly (chemical compositions of biopolymers) as well as electric properties. For all compositions it shows optimal values of electric properties. Comparing desirability between chemical compositions, it showed that best conditions for assembly of electrochemical accumulator were obtained with composition 2.
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Carminic acid' for particular source types:
Journal articles
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