Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carnallitit

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Academic literature on the topic 'Carnallitit'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Carnallitit"

1

Lee, R., and E. De Souza. "The effect of brine on the creep behaviour and dissolution chemistry of evaporites." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-050.

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To evaluate operational problems in evaporite deposit utilization associated with brine, halite, sylvinite, and carnallitic ore were creep tested under unconfined conditions, both with and without added brine. Axial deformation and dissolution chemistry where observed throughout the tests. In both the sylvinite and carnallitic ore tests, selective dissolution of sylvite and carnallite minerals was associated with the precipitation of halite. The nature of this process was dependent on temperature and initial brine and ore composition. Generally, the presence of brine caused a decrease in the resistance to creep deformation. It is suggested that observed weakening in evaporites under dilatant conditions and in the presence of brine is due primarily to the enhancement of fracture mechanics processes through selective dissolution from stressed areas in the rock, such as fracture-process zones and asperities acting as barriers to slip. Correlation of results with a variety of practical environments, including brine inflow problems, waste salt backfilling practices, and underground storage facilities, was possible. Since there is always inherent brine in salt rock deposits, the results also add to the existing body of knowledge regarding advanced evaporite rock mechanics in general.Key words: evaporite, potash, salt, brine, creep, mining.
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2

Fabricius, Johannes. "Paragenese- og geokemistudier af K-Mg-zoner i det nordjyske Zechstein bassin." Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse Serie D 5 (July 31, 1988): 1–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/seried.v5.7122.

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Parageneseprojektets formål var at forbedre indsigten i relationerne mellem på den ene side Zechstein saltbjergarternes, specielt K-Mg bjergarternes, kemiske og mineralogiske sammensætning og på den anden side de temperatur- og trykforhold, som findes i saltforekomsterne. Som følge af den begrænsede rådige tid i forbindelse med visse tidsrøvende vanskeligheder under opbygningen og driften af autoklavelinien, blev det besluttet at gennemføre undersøgelserne på salt med dissemineret carnallit fra boringen E+slev-1. Undersøgelserne blev udført som en termometrisk undersøgelse af det system i indeslutninger indfanget kombination af 1. Mikronaturlige Na-K-Mg-Cl-H20 af kvartskrystaller, der krystalliserede i saltet i perioden mellem trias - nedre kridt, og 2. Autoklaveundersøgelse af saltmineralet carnallits barotermale stabilitetsforhold. Da det viste sig, at saltet i kerne 30 fra boringen Erslev-1 var bedst egnet til ovennævnte parallelt løbende undersøgelser, blev hovedvægten lagt på dette salt. Delresultater er blevet publiceret, medens projektet stod på: Fabricius, J., 1984: The thermal stability of natural carnallite in cognate geological environments. DGU Serie c. Nr. 1, IV. 63-83. Fabricius, J., 1987a: Natural Na-K-Mg-Cl solutions and solid derivatives trapped in euhdral quartz from Danish Zechstein salt. Chem. Geol. 61, 95-112. Fabricius, J., 1987b: Geochemical investigation. of potassium- magnesium chloride mineralization of Zechstein 2 salt, Mors Dame, Danmark. Microthermometry on solid inclusions in quartz crystals. DGU Serie A. Nr. 19. 48 pp. Fabricius, J. and Rose-Hansen, J., 1987: Pressure-dependent melting curve of natural carnalli te, KMgCl3 • 6H2O, in a closed system, where evaporation is prevented. Bidrag til IX Symposium on Fluid Inclusions, Oporto. Nærværende tekst er et oversat uddrag af ovenstående publikationer. For at fremme læseligheden og overskueligheden er referencer udeladt. De i publikationerne anvendte referencer fremgår af litteraturlisten, Appendix II.
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3

Solomon, M. V., O. P. Goncharenko, and G. A. Moscowsky. "Potash and potassium-magnesium salt of Pogojskoe rhythmic member of the western part of the northern outer side of the boarder of the Caspian depression: lithological features and formation conditions." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 1 (March 9, 2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2019-1-51-59.

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The data has been given on the possible commercial potassium content of halogen sediments from the Pogozhskaya rhythmic member within the Western part of the North Caspian depression. It has been shown that the detailed lithological and geochemical studies, with the construction of the thickness maps, allow allocating in the section the most promising intervals with the potassium mineralization, as well as the taking into account the direction of nipping of the productive intervals and, as a consequence, choosing the priority of the sites for prospecting. Chloride type of potassium mineralization is represented by carnallites and sylvinites. The latter are the main source of the potassium ore. Sulfate salt — kainite and kieserite - are allocated only within the North-Western part of the basin. It has been found that the sylvinite layer was formed as a result of entering of the solutions with lower concentration (at the level of the halite stage) to the water basin with the strong brine of carnallite-bischofite stage . It has been revealed that the sylvite from the potash intervals of the section of the pogozhskaya rhythmic member is a product of the decomposition of carnallite.
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4

Fabricius, Johannes. "Geochemical investigation of NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-FeCl2 solutions in Zechstein 2 salt, Suldrup Dome, Denmark. Microthermometry on fluid inclusions in halite." Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse Serie A 27 (October 3, 1989): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/seriea.v27.7047.

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Large, irregular fluid inclusions with daughter bischofite, MgCl2 • 6H2O, in recrystallized halite from former brine pockets in grey Zechstein 2 rock salt from the Suldrup dome, Denmark, were studied by means of microthermometry. The test material consists of ca 3 kg cleavage pieces and a piece of core of extremely clean, colourles, limpid halite. Anhydrite and pyrrhotite are present as solid inclusions in trace amounts only. The irregular inclusions studied all contain daughter bischofite at room temperature. Optical, crystallographic, and chemical (melting) methods proved the daughter mineral to be bischofite. The mean dissolving temperature Tmhex = 56.5 ± 0.9°C, 95% confidence limit, of 117 measurements yields, from pertinent phase diagrams, a quantitative composition of the equilibrium solution: 114 mol MgCl2 + 1.2 mol K2Cl2 per 1000 mol H2O, saturated with NaCl (ca. 2 mol Na2Cl2 per 100 mol H2O). Exposed to the atmosphere, the equilibrium solution becomes orange yellowish after some days, thus proving the presence of FeCl2 (5-10 mol/1000 mol H2O). In one inclusion carnallite (KMgCl3 • 6H2O) was observed, the dissolving temperature Tmcar = 81.9°C of which is a minimum trapping temperature. The minimum trapping pressure is calculated at slightly higher than 65 MPa. The viscosity at 80°C is estimated at ca. 4 centipoise. Measurements of the homogenization temperature in fluid phase are meaningless due to the presence of compressed gas, possibly H2S. The following model is proposed concerning the formation of the studied halite: During the end of the diapiric penetration phase in Lower Cretaceous, a metamorphic lye mixed with concentrated sea water in NaCl facies in brine pockets within the grey Zechstein 2 rock salt, causing salting out of the studied halite. The metamorphic lye derived from a metamorphosed carnallitic potash zone. The carnallitic solution was mixed with an infiltrating rinneitic (3KC1 · NaCl · FeCl2) solution. The mixture was squeezed out from the potash zone during the diapiric penetration phase, leaving a trail of disseminated grains and fracture fillings of carnallite all the way up to the former brine pockets. The minerals bischofite and pyrrhotite, Fe1-xS, are reported from Denmark for the first time.
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5

Richter, Albrecht. "Deformationsverhalten tektonisch unterschiedlich beanspruchter Carnallitite." Geologische Rundschau 81, no. 2 (June 1992): 445–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01828609.

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6

Li, Da, Fang Qin Cheng, Xu Ming Wang, and Yun Shan Guan. "Study on Preparation Techniques of Carnallite with Waste Brine." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1082.

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In this work, the crystallization of Carnallite from waste brine of Qaidam Basin in Qinghai province was studied based on NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O phase diagram. According to this study, a new crystallization pathway to recycling waste brine was developed. The carnallite salt was formed by using this technology during the waste brine evaporation. The experiment data shows that 5 tons of waste brine was required to form one ton of the carnallite. The average grade of carnallite prepared by using this procedure was about 19.40 % of KCl, 16.92% of NaCl, 28.80% of MgCl2, and 0.82% of CaSO4. This study provides an opportunity to utilization of the waste brine.
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7

Shevchuk, V. V., T. N. Potkina, A. I. Voitenko, and O. V. Smetanina. "Carnallite synthesis from magnesium and potassium chloride solutions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 57, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2021-57-1-87-93.

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The influence of the main parameters on the process of obtaining artificial carnallite and its quality has been established. It is shown that to obtain a product with a high content of the carnallite phase and a low content of bischofite and KCl, it is necessary to use magnesium chloride solution with the concentration of 27-30 % and preheated ground potassium chloride. The process should be carried out at the temperature of 80 °C. The formation of synthetic carnallite, close in composition to the enriched one, occurs when the ratio of potassium chloride to magnesium chloride in the initial mixture is equal or close to their stoichiometric ratio in carnallite. With an excess of potassium chloride in the reaction mixture, an increased content of potassium and sodium chlorides in the product is observed, and with its deficiency, the product contains an increased amount of bischofite phase. To reduce the hydrolysis of magnesium chloride during dehydration, a slight excess of potassium chloride should be maintained in the mixture entering the synthesis. It is shown that the most advantageous scheme for producing artificial carnallite provides for incomplete evaporation of desulfurized liquor in the presence of potassium chloride with the return of circulating carnallite liquor to the desulfurization stage.
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8

Pannach, Melanie, Iris Paschke, Horst Schmidt, Daniela Freyer, and Wolfgang Voigt. "Crystallization of metastable monoclinic carnallite, KCl·MgCl2·6H2O: missing structural link in the carnallite family." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 76, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229620005197.

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During evaporation of natural and synthetic K–Mg–Cl brines, the formation of almost square plate-like crystals of potassium carnallite (potassium chloride magnesium dichloride hexahydrate) was observed. A single-crystal structure analysis revealed a monoclinic cell [a = 9.251 (2), b = 9.516 (2), c = 13.217 (4) Å, β = 90.06 (2)° and space group C2/c]. The structure is isomorphous with other carnallite-type compounds, such as NH4Cl·MgCl2·6H2O. Until now, natural and synthetic carnallite, KCl·MgCl2·6H2O, was only known in its orthorhombic form [a = 16.0780 (3), b = 22.3850 (5), c = 9.5422 (2) Å and space group Pnna].
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9

Schmidt, Horst, Bernhard Euler, Wolfgang Voigt, and Gerhard Heide. "Lithium carnallite, LiCl·MgCl2·7H2O." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 65, no. 9 (August 22, 2009): i57—i59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270109029448.

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10

Muhammad, N., JHP De Bresser, CJ Spiers, and CJ Peach. "Creep behaviour of bischofite, carnallite and mixed bischofite-carnallite-halite salt rock." Geotectonic Research 97, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-5658/2015-07.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carnallitit"

1

Kaledin, Oleg. "Abdichtung und Verfestigung der konturnahen Auflockerungszone beim Errichten von Verschlussbauwerken im Carnallititgestein unter Verwendung von Kunststoffinjektionen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola&quot, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-0754910.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Abdichtung und Verfestigung des konturnahen Bereiches bei der Errichtung von Verschlussbauwerken im Kalisalzgestein. Bei der Erforschung einsetzbarer Verschlussbauwerke wurde nachgewiesen, dass zutretende Salzlösungen durch Mikroporen im konturnahen Bereich die Verschlussbauwerke umströmen können. Um die Möglichkeit der Verbesserung der Eigenschaften des aufgelockerten Gebirges durch Kunststoffinjektionen zu prüfen, wurden umfangreiche Versuche im Labor bzw. in-situ durchgeführt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass Kunstharze auf Polyurethan- und Epoxydbasis zur Abdichtung und zum Schutz des Kaligesteins vor Verwitterung geeignet sind. Die Kunststoffabdichtung kann innerhalb von 50-100 Jahren stabil bleiben, was zur Abdichtung ausreichend ist, bis die Risse unter der Einwirkung des Gebirgsdrucks zugedrückt werden. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit einem Kunstharz auf Epoxydbasis erreicht, wobei die Durchlässigkeit der Auflockerungszone von 10 E-14 m2 auf 10 E-18 - 10 E-20 m2 verringert wurde. Die Injektionsparameter können mit dem entwickelten Strömungsmodell ermittelt werden. Insgesamt wird empfohlen, auch im Salzgestein Kunststoffinjektionen zur Abdichtung der konturnahen Zone bei Strecken- und Schachtverschlüssen einzusetzen.
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2

Koehler, Geoffrey David. "The geochemistry and petrogenesis of carnallite and its relationship to the diagenesis of the Devonian Prairie Formation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23998.pdf.

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3

Kaledin, Oleg. "Abdichtung und Verfestigung der konturnahen Auflockerungszone beim Errichten von Verschlussbauwerken im Carnallititgestein unter Verwendung von Kunststoffinjektionen." Doctoral thesis, 2007. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22602.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Abdichtung und Verfestigung des konturnahen Bereiches bei der Errichtung von Verschlussbauwerken im Kalisalzgestein. Bei der Erforschung einsetzbarer Verschlussbauwerke wurde nachgewiesen, dass zutretende Salzlösungen durch Mikroporen im konturnahen Bereich die Verschlussbauwerke umströmen können. Um die Möglichkeit der Verbesserung der Eigenschaften des aufgelockerten Gebirges durch Kunststoffinjektionen zu prüfen, wurden umfangreiche Versuche im Labor bzw. in-situ durchgeführt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass Kunstharze auf Polyurethan- und Epoxydbasis zur Abdichtung und zum Schutz des Kaligesteins vor Verwitterung geeignet sind. Die Kunststoffabdichtung kann innerhalb von 50-100 Jahren stabil bleiben, was zur Abdichtung ausreichend ist, bis die Risse unter der Einwirkung des Gebirgsdrucks zugedrückt werden. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit einem Kunstharz auf Epoxydbasis erreicht, wobei die Durchlässigkeit der Auflockerungszone von 10 E-14 m2 auf 10 E-18 - 10 E-20 m2 verringert wurde. Die Injektionsparameter können mit dem entwickelten Strömungsmodell ermittelt werden. Insgesamt wird empfohlen, auch im Salzgestein Kunststoffinjektionen zur Abdichtung der konturnahen Zone bei Strecken- und Schachtverschlüssen einzusetzen.
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Books on the topic "Carnallitit"

1

Johannes, Fabricius. Paragenese- og geokemistudier af K-Mg-zoner i det nordjyske Zechstein bassin: Slutrapport for EFP-84 Parageneseprojektet. København: Danmarks geologiske undersøgelse, Miljöministeriet, 1988.

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2

Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Carnallite, Slyvite, and Other Crude Natural Potassium Salts: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The World Market for Carnallite, Slyvite, and Other Crude Natural Potassium Salts: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carnallitit"

1

Stein, Richard B. "A carnallite-based magnesium project for Canada." In Production and Electrolysis of Light Metals, 235. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-037295-2.50026-0.

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2

"Hydraulic integrity of highly soluble carnallite bearing salt rocks." In Mechanical Behaviour of Salt VII, 145–56. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12041-21.

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3

Popp, T., K. Salzer, M. Wiedemann, T. Wilsnack, and H. D. Voigt. "Petrophysical and rock-mechanical characterization of the excavation-disturbed zone in tachyhydrite-bearing carnallitic salt rocks." In The Mechanical Behavior of Salt – Understanding of THMC Processes in Salt, 53–62. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315106502-7.

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Nesterov, E. A., and R. R. Sharafutdinov. "Mine experimental researches on the determination of the zone of an efficient cracks radius in carnallite-galite rocks of the Gremyachinsk deposit." In Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources 2019, 81–87. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003014577-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carnallitit"

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Velema, R., J. Bullen, J. Visser, and J. Bruining. "Magnesium from Solution Mining of Bischofite Layers and Carnallite Layers." In 12th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145026.

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Niranjan, Sujan Singh, Neelima Chaube, and Jyoti Sarup. "Mapping of the carnallite mineral and sagebrush vegetation plant by using hyperspectral remote sensing and usgs spectral library." In 2016 8th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2016.8071778.

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