Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carnitine. Biosynthese

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Academic literature on the topic 'Carnitine. Biosynthese'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Carnitine. Biosynthese"

1

French, Timothy J., Anthony W. Goode, Paul S. Schofield, and Mary C. Sugden. "Control of tissue carnitine contents: Effects of partial hepatectomy and liver regeneration on carnitine concentrations in liver and extrahepatic tissues of the rat." Bioscience Reports 5, no. 1 (1985): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01117440.

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The liver is the sole site of carnitine biosynthesis in the rat. However, the first 24 h after the surgical removal of two-thirds of the liver mass are not associated with depletion of carnitine either in the liver remnant or in a number of extrahepatic tissues with relatively short turnover times of carnitine (<24 h; heart, spleen, kidney). Dietary carnitine was not supplied. The results suggest that the capacity of the remnant liver for carnitine biosynthesis is sufficient to maintain tissue carnitine contents. Liver regeneration influenced the relative proportions of hepatic free and acy
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2

Carillo, Maria Rosaria, Carla Bertapelle, Filippo Scialò, et al. "L-Carnitine in Drosophila: A Review." Antioxidants 9, no. 12 (2020): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121310.

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L-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative that plays a key role in the metabolism of fatty acids, including the shuttling of long-chain fatty acyl CoA to fuel mitochondrial β-oxidation. In addition, L-carnitine reduces oxidative damage and plays an essential role in the maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis. L-carnitine also plays an essential role in the control of cerebral functions, and the aberrant regulation of genes involved in carnitine biosynthesis and mitochondrial carnitine transport in Drosophila models has been linked to neurodegeneration. Drosophila models of neurodegenerative
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3

VAZ, Frédéric M., and Ronald J. A. WANDERS. "Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals." Biochemical Journal 361, no. 3 (2002): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3610417.

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Carnitine is indispensable for energy metabolism, since it enables activated fatty acids to enter the mitochondria, where they are broken down via β-oxidation. Carnitine is probably present in all animal species, and in numerous micro-organisms and plants. In mammals, carnitine homoeostasis is maintained by endogenous synthesis, absorption from dietary sources and efficient tubular reabsorption by the kidney. This review aims to cover the current knowledge of the enzymological, molecular, metabolic and regulatory aspects of mammalian carnitine biosynthesis, with an emphasis on the human and ra
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4

Lee Carter, A., Tom O. Abney, and David F. Lapp. "Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Carnitine." Journal of Child Neurology 10, no. 2_suppl (1995): 2S3–2S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073895010002s02.

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This review article presents the biosynthesis, metabolism, sources, levels, and general functions of carnitine. Emphasis is placed on the expression of carnitine deficiency and insufficiency as well as the causes of these conditions. The various functions of carnitine are discussed as they may relate to disease treatment. (J Child Neurol 1995;10(Suppl):2S3-2S7).
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5

Broderick, Tom L., Frank A. Cusimano, Chelsea Carlson, and Jeganathan Ramesh Babu. "Biosynthesis of the Essential Fatty Acid Oxidation Cofactor Carnitine Is Stimulated in Heart and Liver after a Single Bout of Exercise in Mice." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (May 29, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2785090.

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We determined whether one single bout of exercise stimulates carnitine biosynthesis and carnitine uptake in liver and heart. Free carnitine (FC) in plasma was assayed using acetyltransferase and [14C]acetyl-CoA in Swiss Webster mice after 1 hour of moderate-intensity treadmill running or 4 hours and 8 hours into recovery. Liver and heart were removed under the same conditions for measurement of carnitine biosynthesis enzymes (liver butyrobetaine hydroxylase, γ-BBH; heart trimethyllysine dioxygenase, TMLD), organic cation transporter-2 (OCTN2, carnitine transporter), and liver peroxisome prolif
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6

Longo, Nicola. "Primary Carnitine Deficiency and Newborn Screening for Disorders of the Carnitine Cycle." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 68, Suppl. 3 (2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448321.

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Carnitine is needed for transfer of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for subsequent β-oxidation. Carnitine can be synthesized by the body and is also obtained in the diet through consumption of meat and dairy products. Defects in carnitine transport such as those caused by defective activity of the OCTN2 transporter encoded by the SLC22A5 gene result in primary carnitine deficiency, and newborn screening programmes can identify patients at risk for this condition before irreversible damage. Initial biochemical diagnosis can be confirmed through molecular testing,
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7

Almannai, Mohammed, Majid Alfadhel, and Ayman W. El-Hattab. "Carnitine Inborn Errors of Metabolism." Molecules 24, no. 18 (2019): 3251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183251.

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Carnitine plays essential roles in intermediary metabolism. In non-vegetarians, most of carnitine sources (~75%) are obtained from diet whereas endogenous synthesis accounts for around 25%. Renal carnitine reabsorption along with dietary intake and endogenous production maintain carnitine homeostasis. The precursors for carnitine biosynthesis are lysine and methionine. The biosynthetic pathway involves four enzymes: 6-N-trimethyllysine dioxygenase (TMLD), 3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine aldolase (HTMLA), 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (TMABADH), and γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BB
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VAZ, Frédéric M., and Ronald J. A. WANDERS. "Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals." Biochemical Journal 361, no. 3 (2002): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/0264-6021:3610417.

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9

Upadhyay, Aman, Layla Al-Nakkash, and Tom L. Broderick. "Effects of Exercise Training on Renal Carnitine Biosynthesis and Uptake in the High-Fat and High-Sugar-Fed Mouse." Molecules 25, no. 9 (2020): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092100.

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(1) Background: Diet-induced obesity inhibits hepatic carnitine biosynthesis. Herein, the effects of high-fat (HF) and high-sugar (HFHS) feeding and exercise training (ET) on renal carnitine biosynthesis and uptake were determined. (2) Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following groups: lean control (standard chow), HFHS diet, and HFHS diet with ET. ET consisted of 150 min of treadmill running per week for 12 weeks. Protein levels of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (γ-BBH) and organic cation transporter-2 (OCTN2) were measured as markers of biosynthesis and uptake, respectively. (3)
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Hanai, Tatsunori, Makoto Shiraki, Kenji Imai, Atsushi Suetugu, Koji Takai, and Masahito Shimizu. "Usefulness of Carnitine Supplementation for the Complications of Liver Cirrhosis." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (2020): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12071915.

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Carnitine is a vitamin-like substance that regulates lipid metabolism and energy production. Carnitine homeostasis is mainly regulated by dietary intake and biosynthesis in the organs, including the skeletal muscle and the liver. Therefore, liver cirrhotic patients with reduced food intake, malnutrition, biosynthetic disorder, and poor storage capacity of carnitine in the skeletal muscle and liver are more likely to experience carnitine deficiency. In particular, liver cirrhotic patients with sarcopenia are at a high risk for developing carnitine deficiency. Carnitine deficiency impairs the im
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carnitine. Biosynthese"

1

Vaz, Frédéric Maxime. "Molecular and biochemical aspects of carnitine biosynthesis." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/64280.

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Vlies, Naomi van. "New insights in the biosynthesis and metabolism of carnitine." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/47452.

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3

Zhao, Yingjuan. "Recherche d'enzymes impliquées dans la voie de biosynthèse de la carnitine chez Arabidopsis thaliana et étude préliminaire de mutants à teneur réduite en carnitine." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2136/document.

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La carnitine, un acide aminé crucial pour le transfert intracellulaire des acides gras chez les animaux et les micro-organismes, est présente chez les plantes mais son mode d'implication dans le métabolisme lipidique et dans le développement reste à déterminer. Afin d'étudier le rôle biologique de la carnitine chez Arabidopsis nous avons initié une recherche bioinformatique d'enzymes susceptibles de participer à sa synthèse dans le but d'obtenir des mutants à teneur réduite en carnitine. Des serines hydroxyméthyl transférases (SHMT), des thréonines aldolases (THA) et des aldéhydes déshydrogéna
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4

Franken, Jaco. "Carnitine metabolism and biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4611.

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Thesis (PhD (Science) (Viticulture and Oenology. Wine Biotechnology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Carnitine plays an essential role in eukaryotic metabolism by mediating the shuttling of activated acyl residues between intracellular compartments. This function of carnitine, referred to as the carnitine shuttle, is supported by the activities of carnitine acyltransferases and carnitine/acylcarnitine transporters, and is reasonably well studied and understood. While this function remains the only metabolically well established role of carnitine, several studies have b
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Fromme, Stefanie [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Hüttel, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, and Christopher J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schofield. "Biocatalytic diversity of Fe(II) and 2-Oxoglutarate dependent enzymes of the carnitine biosynthesis." Freiburg : Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163946192/34.

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Henry, Luc. "Studies on enzymes mechanism and selectivity using synthetic substrate analogues." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:21234b44-3778-46c6-9a08-9351f6411f4e.

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Organic chemistry is a valuable tool for studying enzyme mechanisms. Upon incubation with a specific enzyme, synthetic substrate analogues labeled with heavy atoms or carrying extra functional groups can provide mechanistic insights. In the present work, new compounds were synthesised in order to study the mechanism and substrate selectivity of two enzymes: human γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase and bacterial carboxymethylproline synthase. γ-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) is an Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenase that catalyses the stereospecific hydroxylation of γ-butyrobetaine,
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Jacques, Florian. "Rôle des enzymes ALDH10 dans la voie de biosynthèse de la carnitine et la physiologie de la plante chez Arabidopsis." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2487.

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La carnitine est un acide aminé non protéinogène présent dans l’ensemble du vivant. Son rôle dans le transport intracellulaire des acides gras est bien caractérisé chez les animaux. Chez les plantes aussi, la carnitine intervient dans le métabolisme lipidique, mais son rôle précis demeure peu documenté. Chez les animaux et les levures, la carnitine est synthétisée à partir de la triméthyllysine (TML) via 4 réactions enzymatiques. L’identification chez les plantes de la TML et de la γ-butyrobétaïne, le précurseur direct de la carnitine, suggère que la voie de biosynthèse de la carnitine chez le
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Nguyen, Phuong Jean. "Intervention de la carnitine au cours du développement normal ou affecté chez Arabidopsis thaliana, en lien avec le métabolisme des lipides." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP1839/document.

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La modification des profils spécifiques en acides gras (AG) dans des huiles végétales peut servir à l’amélioration de leur qualité nutritionnelle, mais également à l’émergence d’une industrie biosourcée où les AG peuvent représenter une alternative aux ressources carbonées fossiles. Cependant des difficultés à modifier le profil en AG des huiles végétales, partagées par l’ensemble des équipes de recherche impliquées subsistent. Bien que la biosynthèse des AG est aujourd’hui bien caractérisée chez les plantes, des incertitudes persistent concernant les voies de transfert des AG du pool d’acyl-C
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Galland, Stéphane. "Purification, clonage et étude de l'expression de la gamma-butyrobétaïne hydroxylase chez le rat." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS077.

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Le travail présenté entre dans le contexte général de l'étude de la régulation de l'oxydation des acides gras. Il concerne la biosynthèse de la carnitine chez le rat et, plus particulièrement, l'enzyme responsable de cette biosynthèse, à savoir la γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBH). Si l'implication de la carnitine dans le métabolisme des acides gras est clairement avérée, peu d'informations étaient disponibles, en revanche, quant à la structure et à l'expression de la BBH. Nous nous sommes attachés à préciser ces éléments. Pour ce faire, nous avons cherché à obtenir, dans un premier temps, les
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Rydzik, Anna Maria. "Mechanistic and inhibition studies on γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cccc1dd1-c063-4820-8ab1-58d698b04616.

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Carnitine is an essential metabolite in the human body. It carries out several roles in human metabolism, including that in fatty acid metabolism. γ-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) is an Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenase, which catalyses the final step of carnitine biosynthesis, i.e. hydroxylation of γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) to carnitine. Inhibition of BBOX has potential in the treatment for cardiovascular diseases. The work described in this thesis focussed on mechanistic and inhibition aspects of BBOX catalysis. Firstly, a set of analytical tools for BBOX activity measurements was
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Books on the topic "Carnitine. Biosynthese"

1

Simon, Eaton, and Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis Conference (4th : 1998 : London, England), eds. Current views of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis: From organelles to point mutations. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999.

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Simon, Eaton, and Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis Conference (4th : 1998 : London, England), eds. Current views of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis: From organelles to point mutations. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999.

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(Editor), Patti A. Quant, and Simon Eaton (Editor), eds. Current Views of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis - From Organelles to Point Mutations (ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Volume 466) (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology). Springer, 1999.

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Simon, Eaton, and Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis Conference (4th : 1998 : London, England), eds. Current views of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis: From organelles to point mutations. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carnitine. Biosynthese"

1

Vaz, Frédéric M., Sandy van Gool, Rob Ofman, Lodewijk IJ1st, and Ronald J. A. Wanders. "Carnitine Biosynthesis." In Current Views of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46818-2_13.

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Journal articles
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