Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carnivora, Fossil

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Academic literature on the topic 'Carnivora, Fossil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Carnivora, Fossil"

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Flynn, John J. "Rates of evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia): the importance of phylogeny and fossils." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006602.

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Calculations of “rates of evolution” have been applied to a variety of indicators of change within populations, species, or higher taxa. This has led to confusion about taxonomic and temporal scaling, particularly when rates are calculated for supposedly “equivalent” taxonomic ranks, or “higher-level” taxa that are not monophyletic groups. All calculations of rates of evolutionary change require accurate temporal calibration. Even in studies of molecular evolution that assume a “molecular clock”, the rate at which any clock ticks must be calibrated empirically by fossil data on the age of divergence of some taxa.Molecular clock rates for all Mammalia generally have been calculated from the primate fossil record and phylogeny. However, rates of molecular evolution have been shown to vary both within and among different clades. Given a preference for a more rigorous system in which molecular divergence is not assumed to occur at a constant rate, the time of divergence should be determined directly for all clades in studies of molecular “rates of evolution”.The mammalian order Carnivora is a monophyletic group widely cited in studies of evolutionary tempo, and mode. However, few of those rate studies have considered explicitly the roles of fossil taxa and rigorously tested phylogenies. For example, phylogenetic placement of early Cenozoic Carnivora (generally placed in the paraphyletic “stem-group” “Miacoidea”), relative to the two major clades of living Carnivora (Caniformia and Feliformia), profoundly influences estimates of the age of cladogenetic divergence for clades of living carnivorans. If all the taxa placed within the “Miacoidea” lie outside a restricted clade of Carnivora (defined as the most recent common ancestor of extant Carnivora, and all of its descendants), then the oldest Carnivora (“neocarnivorans”) are late Eocene (about 35–40 Ma). However, if miacid “miacoids” are caniforms and viverravid “miacoids” are feliforms, then the Caniformia/Feliformia (=Carnivora) clade is at least as old as the oldest “miacoid” (middle Paleocene, or >60 Ma). The implications for calculations of rates of evolution within Carnivora are obvious. Similarly, many fossil Carnivora taxa have been assigned to living families, although the phylogenetic relationships of both fossil and living taxa within most of these families has been poorly understood. This presentation will consider: 1) minimum estimates of clade divergence time, based on current hypotheses of carnivoran phylogeny (emphasizing placement of fossil taxa) and oldest occurrence of fossils within a clade or its sister group- traditional taxonomies both underestimate (e.g. Caniformia/Feliformia) and overestimate (e.g. some living families, such as Viverridae) clade divergence times; and 2) calculation of rates of evolution within Carnivora, focusing on taxonomic diversification and molecular divergence, comparison of rates calculated using traditional taxonomies and artificial “higher-taxa” categories versus those using phylogenetic clades (“unranked”), and the effects of fossil taxa.
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Liow, Lee Hsiang, and John A. Finarelli. "A dynamic global equilibrium in carnivoran diversification over 20 million years." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1778 (March 7, 2014): 20132312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2312.

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The ecological and evolutionary processes leading to present-day biological diversity can be inferred by reconstructing the phylogeny of living organisms, and then modelling potential processes that could have produced this genealogy. A more direct approach is to estimate past processes from the fossil record. The Carnivora (Mammalia) has both substantial extant species richness and a rich fossil record. We compiled species-level data for over 10 000 fossil occurrences of nearly 1400 carnivoran species. Using this compilation, we estimated extinction, speciation and net diversification for carnivorans through the Neogene (22–2 Ma), while simultaneously modelling sampling probability. Our analyses show that caniforms (dogs, bears and relatives) have higher speciation and extinction rates than feliforms (cats, hyenas and relatives), but lower rates of net diversification. We also find that despite continual species turnover, net carnivoran diversification through the Neogene is surprisingly stable, suggesting a saturated adaptive zone, despite restructuring of the physical environment. This result is strikingly different from analyses of carnivoran diversification estimated from extant species alone. Two intervals show elevated diversification rates (13–12 Ma and 4–3 Ma), although the precise causal factors behind the two peaks in carnivoran diversification remain open questions.
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Goswami, Anjali, Nick Milne, and Stephen Wroe. "Biting through constraints: cranial morphology, disparity and convergence across living and fossil carnivorous mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1713 (November 24, 2010): 1831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2031.

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Carnivory has evolved independently several times in eutherian (including placental) and metatherian (including marsupial) mammals. We used geometric morphometrics to assess convergences associated with the evolution of carnivory across a broad suite of mammals, including the eutherian clades Carnivora and Creodonta and the metatherian clades Thylacoleonidae, Dasyuromorphia, Didelphidae and Borhyaenoidea. We further quantified cranial disparity across eutherians and metatherians to test the hypothesis that the marsupial mode of reproduction has constrained their morphological evolution. This study, to our knowledge the first to extensively sample pre-Pleistocene taxa, analysed 30 three-dimensional landmarks, focused mainly on the facial region, which were digitized on 130 specimens, including 36 fossil taxa. Data were analysed with principal components (PC) analysis, and three measures of disparity were compared between eutherians and metatherians. PC1 showed a shift from short to long faces and seemed to represent diet and ecology. PC2 was dominated by the unique features of sabre-toothed forms: dramatic expansion of the maxilla at the expense of the frontal bones. PC3, in combination with PC1, distinguished metatherians and eutherians. Metatherians, despite common comparisons with felids, were more similar to caniforms, which was unexpected for taxa such as the sabre-toothed marsupial Thylacosmilus . Contrary to previous studies, metatherian carnivores consistently exhibited disparity which exceeded that of the much more speciose eutherian carnivore radiations, refuting the hypothesis that developmental constraints have limited the morphological evolution of the marsupial cranium.
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Lyras, George A., Aggeliki Giannakopoulou, Miranda Kouvari, and Georgios C. Papadopoulos. "Evolution of Gyrification in Carnivores." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 88, no. 3-4 (2016): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453104.

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The order Carnivora is a large and highly diverse mammalian group with a long and well-documented evolutionary history. Nevertheless, our knowledge on the degree of cortical folding (or degree of gyrification) is limited to just a few species. Here we investigate the degree of cortical folding in 64 contemporary and 37 fossil carnivore species. We do so by measuring the length of gyri impressions on endocranial casts. We use this approach because we have found that there is a very good correlation between the degree of cortical folding and the relative length of the gyri that are exposed on the outer surface of the hemispheres. Our results indicate that aquatic and semiaquatic carnivores have higher degrees of cortical folding than terrestrial carnivores. The degree of cortical folding varies among modern families, with viverrids having the lowest values. Furthermore, the scaling of cortical folding with brain size follows different patterns across specific carnivore families. Forty million years ago, the first carnivores had a relatively small cortex and limited cortical folding. Both the size of the cortex and the degree of cortical folding increased independently in each family during evolution.
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de Bonis, Louis, Camille Grohé, Yaowalak Chaimanee, Jean-Jacques Jaeger, Chotima Yamee, and Mana Rugbumrung. "New fossil Carnivora from Thailand: transcontinental paleobiostratigraphic correlations and paleobiogeographical implications." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 299, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2021/0972.

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RODRIGUES, SHIRLLEY, LEONARDO S. AVILLA, LEOPOLDO H. SOIBELZON, and CAMILA BERNARDES. "Late Pleistocene carnivores (Carnivora: Mammalia) from a cave sedimentary deposit in northern Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 4 (December 2014): 1641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420140314.

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The Brazilian Quaternary terrestrial Carnivora are represented by the following families: Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae, Procyonidae Mephitidae and Mustelidae. Their recent evolutionary history in South America is associated with the uplift of the Panamanian Isthmus, and which enabled the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). Here we present new fossil records of Carnivora found in a cave in Aurora do Tocantins, Tocantins, northern Brazil. A stratigraphical controlled collection in the sedimentary deposit of the studied cave revealed a fossiliferous level where the following Carnivora taxa were present: Panthera onca, Leopardus sp., Galictis cuja, Procyon cancrivorus, Nasua nasua and Arctotherium wingei. Dating by Electron Spinning Resonance indicates that this assemblage was deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), at least, 22.000 YBP. The weasel, G. cuja, is currently reported much further south than the record presented here. This may suggest that the environment around the cave was relatively drier during the LGM, with more open vegetation, and more moderate temperatures than the current Brazilian Cerrado.
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Tseng, Z. Jack, Adolfo Pacheco-Castro, Oscar Carranza-Castañeda, José Jorge Aranda-Gómez, Xiaoming Wang, and Hilda Troncoso. "Discovery of the fossil otter Enhydritherium terraenovae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in Mexico reconciles a palaeozoogeographic mystery." Biology Letters 13, no. 6 (June 2017): 20170259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0259.

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The North American fossil otter Enhydritherium terraenovae is thought to be partially convergent in ecological niche with the living sea otter Enhydra lutris , both having low-crowned crushing teeth and a close association with marine environments. Fossil records of Enhydritherium are found in mostly marginal marine deposits in California and Florida; despite presence of very rich records of fossil terrestrial mammals in contemporaneous localities inland, no Enhydritherium fossils are hitherto known in interior North America. Here we report the first occurrence of Enhydritherium outside of Florida and California, in a land-locked terrestrial mammal fauna of the upper Miocene deposits of Juchipila Basin, Zacatecas State, Mexico. This new occurrence of Enhydritherium is at least 200 km from the modern Pacific coastline, and nearly 600 km from the Gulf of Mexico. Besides providing further evidence that Enhydritherium was not dependent on coastal marine environments as originally interpreted, this discovery leads us to propose a new east-to-west dispersal route between the Florida and California Enhydritherium populations through central Mexico. The proximity of the fossil locality to nearby populations of modern neotropical otters Lontra longicaudis suggests that trans-Mexican freshwater corridors for vertebrate species in riparian habitats may have persisted for a prolonged period of time, pre-dating the Great American Biotic Interchange.
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Soibelzon, Leopoldo H., Andrés Rinderknecht, Juliana Tarquini, and Raúl Ugalde. "First record of fossil procyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Uruguay." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 92 (June 2019): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2019.03.024.

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Stefen, Clara. "Enamel microstructure of Recent and fossil Canidae (Carnivora: Mammalia)." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19, no. 3 (September 14, 1999): 576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1999.10011166.

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Hassanin, Alexandre, Géraldine Veron, Anne Ropiquet, Bettine Jansen van Vuuren, Alexis Lécu, Steven M. Goodman, Jibran Haider, and Trung Thanh Nguyen. "Evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) inferred from mitochondrial genomes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): e0240770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240770.

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The order Carnivora, which currently includes 296 species classified into 16 families, is distributed across all continents. The phylogeny and the timing of diversification of members of the order are still a matter of debate. Here, complete mitochondrial genomes were analysed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times among species of Carnivora. We assembled 51 new mitogenomes from 13 families, and aligned them with available mitogenomes by selecting only those showing more than 1% of nucleotide divergence and excluding those suspected to be of low-quality or from misidentified taxa. Our final alignment included 220 taxa representing 2,442 mitogenomes. Our analyses led to a robust resolution of suprafamilial and intrafamilial relationships. We identified 21 fossil calibration points to estimate a molecular timescale for carnivorans. According to our divergence time estimates, crown carnivorans appeared during or just after the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum; all major groups of Caniformia (Cynoidea/Arctoidea; Ursidae; Musteloidea/Pinnipedia) diverged from each other during the Eocene, while all major groups of Feliformia (Nandiniidae; Feloidea; Viverroidea) diversified more recently during the Oligocene, with a basal divergence of Nandinia at the Eocene/Oligocene transition; intrafamilial divergences occurred during the Miocene, except for the Procyonidae, as Potos separated from other genera during the Oligocene.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carnivora, Fossil"

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Peery, Ronald W., and Joshua X. Samuels. "Musteline (Mustelidae) fossil remains from the Early Pliocene Gray Fossil Site of Tennessee: the first pre-Pleistocene record of weasels in the Eastern United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/202.

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The Mustelinae (weasels, stoats, minks, and ferrets) are a subfamily of small, elongate-bodied mustelid carnivorans (Carnivora: Mustelidae) that originated during the Late Miocene. Mustelines are the most abundant group of carnivorans in the world today and are commonly found at Pleistocene-aged sites across their range; however, their lack of a more complete fossil record has left many questions regarding the evolution of early mustelines unanswered. Here we report a new occurrence of a musteline from the Early Pliocene age (4.9 – 4.5 Ma) Gray Fossil Site in northeastern Tennessee. Morphology of the P4 and M1 are consistent with the dental characteristics of Mustelinae, and thus this find represents the first reported pre-Pleistocene occurrence of a musteline in the eastern United States. Morphology of the specimens is distinct from the well-known Miocene ischyrictine mustelid Plionictis, but falls within the range of variation observed within the extant genera Mustela and Neovison. Linear measurements also fall within the size ranges of those genera. Distinguishing Mustela from Neovison based on morphological characters alone is very difficult and recent phylogenetic studies differentiating the two have been based exclusively on genetic evidence. Further study will hopefully allow us to place a confident identification on the musteline from Gray. The small, hypercarnivore niche of mustelines is one that was previously not recognized among fauna at the Gray Fossil Site, and improves our understanding of the site’s paleoecology.
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Hawkins, Clare Elaine. "Behaviour and ecology of the fossa, Cryptoprocta ferox (Carnivora: Viverridae) in a dry deciduous forest, western Madagascar." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324435.

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In the first longterm field study of the fossa, mean adult body mass measured was, in males, 7.4 kg (n=17, s.d.=1.2), and, in females, 6.1 kg (n=11 females, s.d.=0.6). Sexual size dimorphism was most marked in canine width. 376 scats yielded 554 prey items, of which the majority were lemurs (>50%)m, tenrecs and snakes. Incidence of prey in scats correlated positively with abundance. Scat composition varied with season, but not with year nor gender of fossa. Sexual dimorphism could not therefore be explained as niche separation. Home ranges were, for two males, 22.74 km2 and 26.20 km2, and for two females, 12.69 km2 and 7.84 km2. These, and incomplete ranges of six others, overlapped between males but not females, and were larger in the dry season than in the wet season. Censuses and radio-tracking generated consistent population density estimates, averaging 0.17 adults per km2, substantially lower than predicted from body size, and indicating that even Madagascar's largest reserve may not hold a viable population of fossas. The unique mating system resembled a lek: females mated with multiple males on traditional sites. One female occupied a site at a time, for up to one week. The system may benefit species with low population density, by increasing mate choice for females and facilitating mate location for males. It may also reduce sexual harassment of oestrous females. Males fought at the sites, but no size-related advantage in male mating success was observed. A different mating system was predicted from the home range data. The first discovery was made of transient masculinization of a female mammal. Juvenile female fossas (n=8) exhibited an enlarged, spinescent clitoris supported by an os clitoridis, and a pigmented secretion that in adults was confined to males. Masculinization was hypothesized to reduce sexual harassment of young females.
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Argant, Alain. "Carnivores quaternaires du Bourgogne." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10152.

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Trente-deux gisements paleontologiques ou prehistoriques ayant livre de la faune sont recenses en bourgogne meridionale entre dijon et macon. Chaque gisement rassemble un minimum d'informations: situation, historique des fouilles, stratigraphie, liste de faune, lieu de conservation du materiel, elements de datation connus. Quelques sites, fouilles personnellement font l'objet d'une presentation plus detaillee. La seconde partie correspond aux donnees paleontologiques brutes qu'apportent les vingt-deux especes fossiles de carnivores rencontrees en bourgogne meridionale. Certaines, comme panthera gombaszoegensis, ursus thibetanus, felis minuta, fournissent des informations nouvelles. D'autres, bien representees, comme panthera mosbachensis, p. Spelaea, ursus deningeri, u. Spelaeus, apportent de nombreuses informations et constituent de solides jalons, bien echelonnes dans le temps a partir du pleistocene moyen. Pour chaque espece, le biotope et les indications climatiques sont discutes a la lumiere des informations qu'il est possible de tirer des gisements de bourgogne meridionale. Ces donnees sont utilisees dans la troisieme partie, en comparaison avec celles d'autres gisements d'europe occidentale, pour essayer de repondre a la question: peut-on dater un gisement, ou une couche de ce gisement, a l'aide des carnivores? dans les cas les plus favorables, comme canis lupus, ursus deningeri-spelaeus, panthera mosbachensis-spelaea, il devient possible de confronter le materiel de bourgogne meridionale au modele theorique que constitue une lignee evolutive et d'en tirer des elements de datation. Une biochronologie des gisements de bourgogne meridionale est enfin tentee, et un tableau de synthese termine l'ouvrage
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Bourdillat, Valérie. "Hommes, carnivores ? : caractériser l’action de l’hyène des cavernes : de l’utilisation des données fossiles pour l’interprétation des sites mixtes." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0021.

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En raison de sa présence dans de nombreux gisements en grotte Pléistocènes, de son comportement collecteur et de sa capacité à fracturer les os, l’hyène intéresse les archéologues depuis longtemps et fait l’objet de nombreuses études visant à caractériser les repaires. L’analyse taphonomique menée à partir des restes de faune provenant du repaire Pléistocène supérieur de Bois Roche (Charente, France) fournit des données détaillées pour caractériser les assemblages osseux accumulés par l’hyène des cavernes (Crocuta crocuta spelaea). L’étude de cas menée sur l’assemblage osseux provenant du niveau 1A de la grotte Scladina (Namur, Belgique) ; un niveau mixte à industrie moustérienne permet de remarquer plusieurs différences avec le repaire de Bois Roche. Sans pour autant exclure l’hypothèse d’un apport de carcasses dans le gisement par des hommes, nous remarquons que l’activité carnivore prend le dessus et entrave notre capacité à pouvoir distinguer l’empreinte humaine lorsque celle-ci est faible
Because of her presence in many Pleistocene cave sites, because of her accumulating habits and ability to break bones, hyenas have been the subject of many studies by archaeologists interested in characterizing dens. The taphonomic study of the Pleistocene den from Bois Roche offers detailed data that can be used to characterize bone assemblages accumulated by the cave hyaena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea). The analysis of faunal remains from level 1A of Scladina cave (Namur, Belgium); a mixed assemblage associated with Mousterian industry indicates several differences compared to the Bois Roche den. Without excluding the contribution of humans as accumulators of carcasses in the site, we are forced to note that the carnivore activity hinders our ability to distinguish the human footprint when anthropic presence is rare and not intensive
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Volmer, Rebekka [Verfasser], Christine [Akademischer Betreuer] Hertler, Friedemann [Akademischer Betreuer] Schrenk, and Bruno [Akademischer Betreuer] Streit. "Struktur und gemeinsame Nutzung von Nahrungsressourcen in fossilen Carnivoren-Gilden / Rebekka Volmer. Gutachter: Friedemann Schrenk ; Bruno Streit. Betreuer: Christine Hertler ; Friedemann Schrenk." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044276339/34.

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Bourgeois, Gaëtan. "Les mustélidae (carnivora) du pléistocène du sud de la France : Approche paléontologique, biométrique et de morphométrie géométrique des genres Gulo, Martes, Mustela et Meles." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0048/document.

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Dans cette étude paléontologique, plusieurs méthodes ont été mises au point pour tester les hypothèses sur l’utilité des mustélidés en tant que signal paléoécologique, paléoenvironnemental et chronologique pour les sites préhistoriques du Paléolithique. Les genres Gulo, Martes, Mustela et Meles du Pléistocène et de l’Holocène de la moitié Sud de la France sont étudiés sous l’angle de l’anatomie comparée, de la biométrie et de la morphométrie géométrique sur un matériel très varié : crânien, dentaire et post-crânien. Les mustélidés proviennent de nombreux sites différents par leur âge, climat et altitude : Saint- Vallier, la Caune de l’Arago, Orgnac 3, le Lazaret, le Portel-Ouest, La Fage, La Marche, Siréjol, Villereversure, La Tanne du Beau Prince, la grotte des frères Traversat, Tuchan et Ambrussum. Cette approche systémique a permis de découvrir de nouveaux outils de sexage des mustélidés, sur les I3 notamment. L’indice de constriction orbitaire que nous avons établi livre une diagnose sexuelle très claire sur les blaireaux. La pente de la droite de régression des P4 et des Canines supérieures chez Mustela montre une distinction entre M. martes et M. foina. Nous confirmons la grande variabilité morphologique de ces petits Carnivores, qui reflète les environnements dans lesquels ils vivent ou ont vécu et qui est plus importante que la distinction spécifique chez Martes martes et Martes foina. De même, nous proposons Melesmeles atavus comme sous-espèce chronologique du Pléistocène moyen et présent à la Caune de l’Arago.De plus, les M. thorali, M. palerminea, M. praenivalis présentent plutôt des mandibules robustes et des dents graciles par rapport à leurs homologues actuels
In this paleontological study, several methods have been developed to test hypotheses about the utility of mustelids as a paleoecological, palaeoenvironmental and chronological signal for prehistoric Paleolithic sites. The genera Gulo, Martes, Mustela and Meles of the Pleistocene and the Holocene of the half of the South of France are studied from the angle of comparative anatomy, biometry and geometrical morphometry on a very varied material: cranial, dental and postcranial. Mustelids come from various sites differed by age, climate and altitude: Saint-Vallier, Caune de l'Arago, Orgnac 3, Lazaret, Portel-Ouest, La Fage, La Marche, Siréjol, Villereversure, the Tanne du Beau Prince, Frères Traversat’s cave, Tuchan and Ambrussum. This systemic approach made it possible to discover new tools for sexing mustelids, particularly on I3. The post-orbital constriction index that we have established provides a very clear sexual diagnosis of badgers. The slope of the regression line of P4 and upper Canines of Mustela shows a distinction between M. martes and M. foina. We confirm the great morphological variability of these small carnivores, that reflects the environments in which they live or have lived and which is more important than the specific distinction in Martes martes and Martes foina. Similarly, we propose Meles meles atavus as a chronological subspecies of the Middle Pleistocene and present at the Caune de l'Arago. In addition, M. thorali, M. palerminea, M. praenivalis have strong mandibles and slender teeth compared to their current counterparts
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OKŘINOVÁ, Isabela. "Paleoecology of fossil species of canids (Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia)." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-166262.

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There were reconstructed phylogeny of recent and fossil species of subfamily Caninae in this study. Resulting phylogeny was used for examining possible causes of cooperative behaviour in Caninae. The study tried tu explain evolution of social behavior in canids.
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Collings, G. E. "Some new machaerodonts from Makapansgat limeworks." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16988.

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YiGan and 甘怡. "Study the Late Pleistocene Cat (Carnivora, Felidae) Fossils from a Limestone Cave within Kenting Area, Southern Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61541738016815110610.

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碩士
國立成功大學
地球科學系
104
Lobster Cave, a limestone cave located in the Kenting area within Kenting National Park of Southern Taiwan, yields numerous Pleistocene mammalian fossils buried in the continental deposits. In this study, we examine the fossil cheek teeth of leopard (Panthera pardus) recovered from the same horizon within the cave. Two isolated felid lower premolars and one molar, respectively P3, P4 and M1, had a series of progressive increase in size, and are believed to belong to the same individual under the subfamily of Pantherinae. Traditional linear measurements and two-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis for the occlusal surface outlines have been conducted on the fossil teeth. Comparisons were made with the extant pantherine cats inhabited in Asia such as clouded leopard, leopard, and tiger. Results obtained show that the premolars and molar of the fossil leopard are similar in size and dental morphology to those of the extant leopards. Nevertheless, there has never been any historical document of leopards inhabited in Taiwan, and their existence has never been known before. This study reveals that leopards might have entered Taiwan in late Pleistocene through the land bridge connecting Taiwan and mainland China during the Quaternary glaciations.
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Books on the topic "Carnivora, Fossil"

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Wang, Hsiao-ming. Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae). New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1999.

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Werdelin, Lars. The hyaenidae: Taxonomy, systematics and evolution. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1991.

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3

Carnivores quaternaires de Bourgogne. Villeurbanne: Dép. des sciences de la terre, Université Claude-Bernard, 1991.

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Gustafson, Eric Paul. Carnivorous mammals of the late Eocene and early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin, 1986.

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Wang, Xiaoming. Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae). New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1999.

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Lessem, Don. Carnívoros gigantes. Minneapolis: Ediciones Lerner, 2006.

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ill, Bindon John, ed. Giant meat-eating dinosaurs. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications, 2005.

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The skeleton of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae): Morphology and function. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

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Sotnikova, M. V. Khishchnye mlekopitai͡u︡shchie pliot͡s︡ena-rannego pleĭstot͡s︡ena: Stratigraficheskoe znachenie. Moskva: "Nauka", 1989.

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Osteology of Arctodictis sinclairi (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) and phylogeny of Cenozoic metatherian carnivores from South America. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Educación, Secretaría para la Tecnología, la Ciencia y la Innovación Productiva, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" e Instituto Nacional de Investigación de la Ciencias Naturales, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carnivora, Fossil"

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Prevosti, Francisco Juan, and Analia M. Forasiepi. "South American Fossil Carnivorans (Order Carnivora)." In Springer Geology, 85–136. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03701-1_4.

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Martin, Larry D. "Fossil History of the Terrestrial Carnivora." In Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, 536–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4716-4_20.

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Martin, Larry D. "19. Fossil History of the Terrestrial Carnivora." In Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, edited by John L. Gittleman, 536–68. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501745812-026.

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Prevosti, Francisco Juan, and Analia M. Forasiepi. "The Fossil Record of Mammalian Carnivores in South America: Bias and Limitations." In Springer Geology, 137–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03701-1_5.

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Kemp, T. S. "Living and fossil placentals." In The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507604.003.0010.

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The vast majority of living and fossil mammals are placentals. Today there are about 4,400 species, which are traditionally organised into 18 Orders, with an extra one if the Pinnipedia are separated from the Carnivora, and a twentieth if the recently extinct Malagasy order Bibymalagasia is recognised as such. There have been many attempts to discover supraordinal groupings from amongst these Orders based on morphological characters, though few proposals have been universally accepted. It is only with the advent of increasingly large sets of molecular sequence data in the last few years that a reasonably robust resolution looks imminent, although these contemporary analyses are remarkably and controversially at odds with the traditional ones. Novacek et al. (1988) summarised the then current situation regarding supraordinal classification of placentals, a time at which morphology was still dominant but molecular data was at the threshold of significance. They accepted a basal group Edentata that combined the Xenarthra of the New World with the Pholidota of the Old, based on a few cranial characters, loss of the anterior teeth, and reduction of the enamel of the remaining ones. This left the rest of the living placentals as a monophyletic group Epitheria, sharing such apparently minor characters as the shape of the stapes bone in the ear. They found very little resolution within the Epitheria, and concluded that there was a polychotomy of no less than nine lineages arranged as a ‘star’ phylogeny. No remnant of the previously recognised taxon Ferungulata, created by Simpson (1945) for the Carnivora plus the ungulate orders Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Sirenia, and Tubulidentata remained. On the other hand, three supra ordinal taxa of earlier authors did survive. One was Gregory’s (1910) Archonta, consisting of generally conservative forms and by now composed of the Primates, Dermoptera, Scandentia, and Chiroptera, but excluding the Lipotyphla. The second was Glires, originating with Linnaeus (1758) and widely accepted ever since, for the Rodentia and Lagomorpha; Novacek et al. (1988) tentatively placed the Macroscelidea as the sister-group of the Glires. The third supraordinal taxon recognised was, like Glires, well-established if not universally accepted.
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Bose, Shibani. "Beyond the Glittering Eye." In Mega Mammals in Ancient India, 117–83. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190120412.003.0003.

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Notwithstanding the cultural fascination evoked by the tiger, wildlife histories have done little to salvage it from the shadows of the past, particularly in the context of ancient India. This chapter endeavours to fill in this gap by marshalling evidence testifying to human interactions with this mega carnivore in early India. It underlines the dearth of fossil evidence, notes the patchy evidence offered by the archaeozoological record, and details the images which can be garnered from visual depictions of the animal on seals, copper tablets, and terracottas. It also explores at length the ways in which it is perceived in a wide range of Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit, and classical Western accounts. Typically an animal of the forest and jungle, charting the journey of the tiger provides valuable glimpses into India’s ancient ecological past.
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Conference papers on the topic "Carnivora, Fossil"

1

Price, Samantha A., Paul Z. Barrett, Genevieve Perdue, and Samantha S. B. Hopkins. "THE TOOTH OF THE MATTER: ECOMORPHOLOGY ELUCIDATES COMPLEX EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS ACROSS FOSSIL AND LIVING CARNIVORA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-305287.

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Kort, Anne E., and Nicholas A. Famoso. "THE EVOLUTION OF CARNIVORAN HUNTING STYLES AT JOHN DAY FOSSIL BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318343.

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