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Journal articles on the topic 'Carob fibre'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Gruendel, Sindy, Ada L. Garcia, Baerbel Otto, Karen Wagner, Martin Bidlingmaier, Lukas Burget, Martin O. Weickert, et al. "Increased acylated plasma ghrelin, but improved lipid profiles 24-h after consumption of carob pulp preparation rich in dietary fibre and polyphenols." British Journal of Nutrition 98, no. 6 (December 2007): 1170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507777127.

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We have recently shown that a polyphenol-rich insoluble dietary fibre preparation from carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L; carob fibre) decreased postprandial acylated ghrelin, TAG and NEFA during an acute liquid meal challenge test. However, delayed effects of carob fibre consumption are unknown. Therefore, a randomized controlled crossover study in nineteen healthy volunteers consuming foods with or without 50 g carob fibre was conducted. On the subsequent day (day 2), glucose, TAG, total and acylated ghrelin as well as insulin, NEFA and leptin were assessed at baseline and at timed intervals for 300 min after ingestion of standardized bread. Consumption of carob fibre-enriched foods did not affect fasting concentrations of glucose, TAG, total ghrelin, NEFA, insulin and leptin. Fasting acylated ghrelin was increased on the day subsequent to carob fibre consumption compared with control (P = 0·046). After consumption of the standard bread on day 2, glucose response (P = 0·029) was increased, and TAG (P = 0·033) and NEFA (P < 0·001) responses were decreased compared with control. Postprandial responses of total and acylated ghrelin, insulin and leptin on day 2 were unaffected by carob fibre consumption the previous day. In conclusion, an increase in total and acylated plasma ghrelin accompanied by enhanced lipid metabolism after carob fibre consumption suggests higher lipid utilization and suppressed lipolysis on the day subsequent to carob fibre consumption. However, elevated glucose levels after carob fibre consumption need to be addressed in future studies.
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Różyło, Renata, Dariusz Dziki, Urszula Gawlik-Dziki, Beata Biernacka, Monika Wójcik, and Alicja Ziemichód. "Physical and antioxidant properties of gluten-free bread enriched with carob fibre." International Agrophysics 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2016-0060.

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AbstractThere are no reports of addition of carob fibre to gluten-free bread, as only carob germ flour was used. The research task was to determine what level of carob fibre can be used and how it influences the physical and sensorial properties of gluten-free bread. Especially, the knowledge of the antioxidant properties of such bread is very valuable. The gluten-free bread from rice, corn, and buckwheat flour (35:35:30%) was prepared after mixing (5 min), proofing (40 min, 30°C), and baking (45-50 min, 230°C) of dough. Carob fibre was added in the amounts of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% of the total flour content. The results showed that increased content of carob fibre induced significant and favourable changes in the volume, colour, and texture (hardness and springiness) of the bread crumb. Carob fibre enriched the breads with lipophilic compounds able to chelate metal ions. The activity of hydrophilic compounds was significantly higher in the case of control bread and bread with the lowest percentage of the additive. In conclusion, the highest increase in antioxidant activity was found for breads with 1 and 2% of carob fibre. The most acceptable gluten-free bread can be obtained by adding up to 2% of carob.
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Gruendel, Sindy, Baerbel Otto, Ada L. Garcia, Karen Wagner, Corinna Mueller, Martin O. Weickert, Walter Heldwein, and Corinna Koebnick. "Carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble dietary fibre and polyphenols increases plasma glucose and serum insulin responses in combination with a glucose load in humans." British Journal of Nutrition 98, no. 1 (July 2007): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507701642.

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Dietary fibre consumption is associated with improved glucose homeostasis. In contrast, dietary polyphenols have been suggested to exert both beneficial and detrimental effects on glucose and insulin metabolism. Recently, we reported that a polyphenol-rich insoluble dietary fibre preparation from carob pulp (carob fibre) resulted in lower postprandial acylated ghrelin levels after a liquid meal challenge test compared with a control meal without supplementation. The effects may, however, differ when a different food matrix is used. Thus, we investigated the effects of carob fibre on glucose, insulin and ghrelin responses in healthy humans in combination with a glucose load. In a randomized single-blind cross-over study involving twenty healthy subjects (aged 22–62 years), plasma glucose, total and acylated ghrelin, and serum insulin were repeatedly assessed before and after the ingestion of 200 ml water with 50 g glucose and 0, 5, 10 or 20 g carob fibre over a period of 180 min. The intake of 5 and 10 g carob fibre increased the plasma glucose by 47 % and 64 % (P < 0·001), and serum insulin by 19·9 and 24·8 % (P < 0·001), compared with the control. Plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations did not change significantly after the consumption of carob-enriched glucose solution. Total ghrelin decreased only after 10 g carob fibre (P < 0·001) compared with control. In conclusion, we showed that polyphenol-rich carob fibre, administered within a water–glucose solution, increases postprandial glucose and insulin responses, suggesting a deterioration in glycaemic control.
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KOTROTSIOS (Ν. ΚΟΤΡΩΤΣΙΟΣ), N., E. CHRISTAKI (Ε. ΧΡΗΣΤΑΚΗ), E. BONOS (Ε. ΜΠΟΝΟΣ), and P. FLOROU-PANERI (Π. ΦΛΩΡΟΥ-ΠΑΝΕΡΗ). "Carobs in productive animal nutrition." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 62, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14835.

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The carob tree belongs to the nutrient plants and it is known since antiquity as a native plant of Greece. Its scientific name Ceratonia siliqua, originates from the Greek word "keraton" which means "horn", and which indicates the shape of its fruit. The carob tree is an evergreen, long-lived, polygamous, monoecious or dioecious. It is easily cultivated and thrives in all types of soil, except the humid and non-affluent. The wood, the bark and the leaves of carob have different uses. The fruit of the carob tree, the carob, is a lobe and it is 10-30 cm long and 2-3 cm wide with a brown and leathery exocarp and a fleshy and juicy mesocarp, in which 8 to 16 oval, flattened, hard and shiny reddish seeds are enclosed. The collection of the fruits must be finished before the winter rains. The fruits fall from the tree by themselves or by caning. A 6 years old carob tree can produce 2.25 kg carobs, while a 12 years old tree can produce 45 kg or more. The annual Greek carob production for the year 2005 was 14,816 tons, while the average yield was 9.8 kg/tree. The world carob production is about 315,000 tons/year. The carobs have low total fat and crude protein content, but high sugar content. The carobs' characteristic odor is due to their isobutyric acid content (1.3%). Furthermore, they include an unusually large amount of tannins, 16-20% of which are polyphenols and 27-50% of which are bound with cellulose. The tannins are a complex group of secondary metabolites of plants and are separated from other polyphenol compounds due to their ability to create sediment with proteins. The presence of tannin in feed reduces the nutrients' digestibility and has a negative effect on body weight gain. However, tannins can also have positive effects depending on their biological potency, because they have the ability to prevent bacterial, fungal and yeast growth. Carobs and their by-products have a considerable fibre content (average 8%) and therefore they can be included in supplementary ruminant rations up to 20% - 30%. Experiments carried out by adding carobs in broiler feeds resulted in decreased body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio, probably because of the high cellulose and tannin content of the carob. Nevertheless, if the broiler's ration is enriched with fats or oils and synthetic amino acids, these birds show normal weight gain, but with a high feed conversion ratio. The carobs can be included up to 10% - 20% in the ration of pigs. Also, since the carobs have high sugar content, they can increase the feed consumption of the piglets and they can replace other sugar feeds with high sugar content (dextrose, starch, milk powder) without adversely affecting the feed intake. Greece produces a considerable quantity of carobs every year, therefore a part of this production could be utilized as animal feed
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Owen, R. W., R. Haubner, W. E. Hull, G. Erben, B. Spiegelhalder, H. Bartsch, and B. Haber. "Isolation and structure elucidation of the major individual polyphenols in carob fibre." Food and Chemical Toxicology 41, no. 12 (December 2003): 1727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00200-x.

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Korkmaz, Nazan, Meleksen Akin, Aysen Koc, Sadiye Peral Eyduran, Gulce Ilhan, Halil Ibrahim Sagbas, and Sezai Ercisli. "Morphological and biochemical diversity among wild-grown carob trees (Ceratonia siliqua L.)." Folia Horticulturae 32, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0007.

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AbstractTree, leaf, pod and seed morphology, as well as pod biochemistry of 36 wild-grown carob genotypes sampled from rural areas in Marmaris district located at western Turkey, were investigated. Leaf and pod dimensions, pod and seed weight, seed ratio, pod and seed colour and shape and surface traits were investigated. Soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity, vitamin C and protein and dietary fibre contents were also detected. Results showed significant differences for all quantitative traits, although differences are more pronounced for some pod (weight, width, length and thickness) and seed characteristics (weight, dimensions and ratio). Pod and seed colour, shape and surface qualitative threats were found to be quite variable among genotypes. The majority of genotypes had an open tree growth habit. Leaf length and width were found to be between 8.04 cm (M19) and 11.60 cm (M12) and 8.40 cm (M2) and 12.04 cm (M12) among genotypes. Pod weight ranged from 8.3 g (M35) to 29.5 g (M3) in the wild genotypes. The average pod dimensions (width, length and thickness) were between 14.27 and 23.38 mm, 12.54 and 21.67 cm and 4.80 and 8.37 mm, respectively. The SSC ranged from 49.36 to 69.36% in the pods of wild carob genotypes. The results of this study indicate a good genetic resource potential of Turkish wild carob populations for future breeding programmes.
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7

Zunft, H. J. F., W. L�der, A. Harde, B. Haber, H. J. Graubaum, C. Koebnick, and J. Gr�nwald. "Carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble fibre lowers total and LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients." European Journal of Nutrition 42, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-003-0438-y.

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Miś, Antoni. "Interpretation of mechanical spectra of carob fibre and oat wholemeal-enriched wheat dough using non-linear regression models." Journal of Food Engineering 102, no. 4 (February 2011): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.09.015.

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Miś, Antoni, Stanisław Grundas, Dariusz Dziki, and Janusz Laskowski. "Use of farinograph measurements for predicting extensograph traits of bread dough enriched with carob fibre and oat wholemeal." Journal of Food Engineering 108, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.08.007.

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P�rez-Olleros, Lourdes, Manuela Garc�a-Cuevas, Baltasar Ruiz-Roso, and Ana Requejo. "Comparative study of natural carob fibre and psyllium husk in rats. Influence on some aspects of nutritional utilisation and lipidaemia." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79, no. 2 (February 1999): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199902)79:2<173::aid-jsfa161>3.0.co;2-z.

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Klenow, S., M. Glei, B. Haber, R. Owen, and B. L. Pool-Zobel. "Carob fibre compounds modulate parameters of cell growth differently in human HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells than in LT97 colon adenoma cells." Food and Chemical Toxicology 46, no. 4 (April 2008): 1389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.003.

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Arribas, Claudia, Blanca Cabellos, Carmen Cuadrado, Eva Guillamón, and Mercedes M. Pedrosa. "Extrusion effect on proximate composition, starch and dietary fibre of ready-to-eat products based on rice fortified with carob fruit and bean." LWT 111 (August 2019): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.064.

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13

d'Almeida, J. R. M., A. L. F. S. d'Almeida, and L. H. De Carvalho. "Mechanical, Morphological, and Structural Characteristics of Caroa (Neoglaziovia variegata) Fibres." Polymers and Polymer Composites 16, no. 9 (November 2008): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110801600902.

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The surface morphology, thermal behaviour and tensile mechanical properties of raw caroa (Neoglaziovia variegata) fibres have been characterised. The influence of fibre washing with flowing tap water on the surface morphology and thermal properties of these fibres has also been investigated. The results show that gummy tissues are attached to the surface of the raw fibres and that washing leads to the partial removal of these tissues and to the exposure of the inner fibrillar structure of the fibres. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that fibre thermal degradation is characterised by three main degradation stages corresponding, respectively, to water release at low temperatures, followed by decomposition of hemicellulose and of α-cellulose. Fibre washing produces an increase in the fibre thermal degradation temperature, Tonset, and in the thermal decomposition rate. These characteristics are associated with the removal of gummy tissues and with a decrease in the compactness of the fibres respectively. The tensile properties obtained place caroa as a low-to-medium-strength fibre when compared with other lignocellulosic fibres, but with a strength level similar to that of coir fibres, which, nowadays, are used commercially on a fairly large scale.
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Fidan, Hafize, Dasha Mihaylova, Nadezhda Petkova, Tana Sapoundzhieva, Anton Slavov, and Lutsian Krastev. "Determination of chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of products obtained from carob and honey locust." Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 44, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2018-0113.

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Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to characterize flours and syrups, obtained from pods of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos). Method Flours and syrups, produced by carob and honey locust were analyzed for moisture, ash, protein content, dietary fibers, minerals composition, total phenolic content, as well as antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Results and discussion Carob flour contained high amounts of protein (22.56%) and dietary fibres (28.17%), respectively. Dietary fibers in honey locust flour (33.12%) were higher than that of carob flour (28.17%). The total phenolic content of carob flour (4.53±0.08) was lower than this of honey locust (25.31±0.06) (mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g dry weight). Gleditsia triacanthos flour showed higher antioxidant potential – from 127.52±2.43 to 540.28±2.47 μM TE/g dw. Carob syrup in an amount of 0.15 cm3 demonstrated pronounced antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that flour and syrup, obtained from carob (C. siliqua L.) and honey locust (G. triacanthos) pods presented products rich of protein and dietary fiber (both above 20%), good sources of antioxidants, especially poliphenolic compounds and minerals (Mg, Fe and Zn).
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Soronja-Simovic, Dragana, Sonja Smole-Mozina, Peter Raspor, Nikola Maravic, Jana Zahorec, Lucia Luskar, and Zita Seres. "Carob flour and sugar beet fiber as functional additives in bread." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 47 (2016): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1647083s.

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The effect of functional additives (carob flour and sugar beet fiber) on empirical rheological dough performance and bread quality was examined. Also the microbiological quality of bread was investigated during 16 days of storage. The study included 5 samples: control (CON), with preservative calcium propionate (CONP), with carob flour (CON-CAR), with sugar beet fiber (CON-SBF) and with a combination of carob flour and sugar beet fibers (CON-SBF-CAR). Samples with functional additives had a higher water holding capacity (2-10%) and extended dough development time due to the presence of dietary fiber. Dough resistance of these samples was significantly increased, especially in CON-CAR, in which the time of final fermentation is remarkably prolonged (20% in comparison to CON). The addition of the functional ingredients (due to hydration properties of dietary fiber) improved texture and sensory characteristics of bread. In sample CON-SBF crumb firmness was significantly reduced (by 70%) while elasticity was increased by 25% compared to CON. Positive effect of addition of sugar beet fiber was proved by improving the elasticity of the crumb and finer crumb structure (sample CON-SBF) in comparison with the addition of carob flour (sample CON-CAR). In bread sample with carob flour there was no microbiological contamination for 16 days of examination, which confirms the fact that carob flour can be used as a natural preservative.
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Červenka, Libor, Michaela Fruhbauerová, and Helena Velichová. "Functional properties of muffin as affected by substituing wheat flour with carob powder." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1033.

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Carob (Cerationa soliqua L.) pod is the good source of dietary fiber, minerals and polyphenolic substances. The aim of this study was to prepare muffin where wheat flour was substituted with carob powder, and determine some physicochemical properties. Carob powder was prepared by milling dry carob pods to particles smaller than 600 μm. Then wheat flour in muffin dough was replaced by carob powder in 5, 10, 15 and 20% (w/w) and subsequently baked at 180 °C for 20 min. It was found that the height of the muffin fortified with carob powder decreased in comparison with that in control muffin sample. Although the height of muffins decreased with the increase in level of carob powder, the differences were not statistically significant. Weight loss was similar for all the muffin samples in this study. Moisture content of muffins with carob powder was significantly higher than that in control. Addition of carob powder had also effect on water activity of muffin. While 0.905 aw was observed in control sample, significantly higher aw values were determinated in fortified muffins (0.912 – 0.923 aw). The antioxidant characteristics were determinated using spectrophotometric assays for total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), radical scavenging activities (DPPH, ABTS) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging (HPS). TPC values gradually increased with the increase in level of carob powder from 348.1 to 829.1 μg gallic acid.g-1 dry matter but TFC values significantly increased in muffin with 15 and 20% (w/w) of carob powder. All the antioxidant assays showed strong and positive association with the increase in level of carob powder. Addition of carob powder resulted in the increase of browning index and FAST index as a metrics of the formation of Maillard products.
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Şahin, Güven, and Nuran Taşlıgil. "Agricultural Geography Analysis of Carob Tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Turkey." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 12 (December 7, 2016): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i12.1192-1200.979.

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Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is one of the oldest trees in the world and has been cultivated from civilization of Ancient Persia, especially on the Mediterranean coasts, till nowadays. The fruit of the carob tree (carob bean) are attracting attention in recent years due among others to tits rich nutritional value and use as a substitute and/or alternative for cocoa. Although it has higher sugar content than sugar beet and sugar cane, it is a food that also lowers cholesterol. In addition to its fruit, the plant has interesting morphological qualities. Deep root system of carob tree allows high productivity even in draught conditions; it is an ideal plant in the fight against erosion and one of the most preferred plants while establishing fire-resistant forests. Additionally, because 2016 was declared the International Year of Pulses, it is necessary to draw attention to the carob tree since it is a typical pulse plant. The status of Turkey, as the 5th carob producer in the world, was analysed in this context, in terms of Agricultural Geography. The existing and necessary practices in carob production are discussed based on the data from the studies conducted in Antalya and Mersin in 2015 and previous ones.
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Macho-González, A., A. Garcimartín, M. E. López-Oliva, G. Bertocco, F. Naes, S. Bastida, F. J. Sánchez-Muniz, and J. Benedí. "Fiber purified extracts of carob fruit decrease carbohydrate absorption." Food & Function 8, no. 6 (2017): 2258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fo00166e.

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Popov-Raljic, Jovanka, Jasna Mastilovic, Jovanka Lalicic-Petronijevic, Zarko Kevresan, and Mirjana Demin. "Sensory and color properties of dietary cookies with different fiber sources during 180 days of storage." Chemical Industry 67, no. 1 (2013): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120327047p.

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The aim of this study was to examine the sensory properties of dietary cookies produced with addition of different dietary fiber sources (inulin and ligofructose, oat flakes, mixture of oat flakes and wholemeal flour, wholemeal flour and mixture of wholemeal flour and carob flour), and to measure instrumentally color changes of cookies upper and lower surfaces, after storage at temperatures of 18-20?C for 180 days. Addition of inulin and oligfructose was determined to be the fiber source with the highest impact on sensory properties. Storage for 180 days expressed the highest influence on texture properties of dietary cookies regardless of applied dietary fiber source. Color differences calculated from measured color properties (psychometric light, L*, psychometric tone, a*, and psychometric chrome, b*) between products including different fiber sources were noticeable to extremely noticeable among products, with the most expressed difference registered for products containing carob flour.
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Vukušić Pavičić, Tomislava, Tomislava Grgić, Mia Ivanov, Dubravka Novotni, and Zoran Herceg. "Influence of Flour and Fat Type on Dough Rheology and Technological Characteristics of 3D-Printed Cookies." Foods 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010193.

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In this study, we designed high fiber cookie recipe without using additives by means of extrusion-based 3D printing. We aimed to relate printing quality and cookie physical properties with dough rheology and dietary fiber content depending on the flour (oat, rye, rice, and carob flour) and fat type (olive oil or butter). The flour choice influenced all cookie quality parameters: baking loss, color, line height and width, and dietary fiber content. Results indicated that lower baking loss and better printing quality were obtained for cookie dough containing olive oil, which had higher viscosity and consistency coefficient compared with dough containing butter. Cookies with olive oil in which part of the oat flour was replaced with rye and carob flour were printed with high accuracy (≥98%), close to the ideal 3D shape. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of selecting fat and particularly flour, as well as the extrusion rate on the quality and repeatability of 3D-printed cookies.
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Arribas, C., B. Cabellos, C. Sánchez, C. Cuadrado, E. Guillamón, and M. M. Pedrosa. "The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends." Food & Function 8, no. 10 (2017): 3654–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fo00910k.

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OANCEA, LUMINIȚA, DANIELA NICU, ALEXANDRU PETRE, MIHAI BURLIBAȘA, VIOREL ȘTEFAN PERIEANU, MĂDĂLINA VIOLETA PERIEANU, CARMEN DOMNARIU, et al. "Influence on retention improvement of fiber posts by surface conditioning in vitro study." Romanian Biotechnological Letters 24, no. 6 (December 24, 2019): 1067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25083/rbl/24.6/1067.1074.

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Mueller, Noel T., Mingyu Zhang, Stephen P. Juraschek, Edgar R. Miller, and Lawrence J. Appel. "Effects of high-fiber diets enriched with carbohydrate, protein, or unsaturated fat on circulating short chain fatty acids: results from the OmniHeart randomized trial." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 3 (January 11, 2020): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz322.

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ABSTRACT Background Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs; e.g., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are produced by microbial fermentation of fiber in the colon. Evidence is lacking on how high-fiber diets that differ in macronutrient composition affect circulating SCFAs. Objectives We aimed to compare the effects of 3 high-fiber isocaloric diets differing in %kcal of carbohydrate, protein, or unsaturated fat on circulating SCFAs. Based on previous literature, we hypothesized that serum acetate, the main SCFA in circulation, increases on all high-fiber diets, but differently by macronutrient composition of the diet. Methods OmniHeart is a randomized crossover trial of 164 men and women (≥30 y old); 163 participants with SCFA data were included in this analysis. We provided participants 3 isocaloric high-fiber (∼30 g/2100 kcal) diets, each for 6 wk, in random order: a carbohydrate-rich (Carb) diet, a protein-rich (Prot) diet (protein predominantly from plant sources), and an unsaturated fat–rich (Unsat) diet. We used LC-MS to quantify SCFA concentrations in fasting serum, collected at baseline and the end of each diet period. We fitted linear regression models with generalized estimating equations to examine change in ln-transformed SCFAs from baseline to the end of each diet; differences between diets; and associations of changes in SCFAs with cardiometabolic parameters. Results From baseline, serum acetate concentrations were increased by the Prot (β: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.35), Unsat (β: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.33), and Carb (β: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.24) diets; between diets, only Prot compared with Carb was significant (P = 0.02). Propionate was decreased by the Carb (β: −0.10; 95% CI: −0.16, −0.03) and Unsat (β: −0.10; 95% CI: −0.16, −0.04) diets, not the Prot diet; between diet comparisons of Carb vs. Prot (P = 0.006) and Unsat vs. Prot (P = 0.002) were significant. The Prot diet increased butyrate (β: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.09) compared with baseline, but not compared with the other diets. Increases in acetate were associated with decreases in insulin and glucose; increases in propionate with increases in leptin, LDL cholesterol, and blood pressure; and increases in butyrate with increases in insulin and glucose, and decreases in HDL cholesterol and ghrelin (Ps &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Macronutrient composition of high-fiber diets affects circulating SCFAs, which are associated with measures of appetite and cardiometabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00051350.
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Biernacka, Beata, Dariusz Dziki, Urszula Gawlik-Dziki, Renata Różyło, and Monika Siastała. "Physical, sensorial, and antioxidant properties of common wheat pasta enriched with carob fiber." LWT 77 (April 2017): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.11.042.

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SAURA-CALIXTO, F. "Effect of Condensed Tannins in the Analysis of Dietary Fiber in Carob Pods." Journal of Food Science 53, no. 6 (November 1988): 1769–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1988.tb07838.x.

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Nóbrega, M. M. S., W. S. Cavalcanti, L. H. Carvalho, and A. G. B. de Lima. "Water absorption in unsaturated polyester composites reinforced with caroá fiber fabrics: modeling and simulation. Wasseraufnahme in ungesättigten Polyester-Verbundwerkstoffen verstärkt mit Caroa-Fasergewebe: Modellierung und Simulation." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 41, no. 5 (June 8, 2010): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201000601.

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Ruiz-Roso, Baltasar, José C. Quintela, Ester de la Fuente, Javier Haya, and Lourdes Pérez-Olleros. "Insoluble Carob Fiber Rich in Polyphenols Lowers Total and LDL Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Sujects." Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 65, no. 1 (January 22, 2010): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-009-0153-9.

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OZDEMİR, Yuksel, Basak ONCEL, and Muge KECELİ. "Purification of crude fiber from carob molasses pulp and uses in traditional Turkish sucuk." International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 25 (October 2021): 100410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2021.100410.

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Silva, C. J., A. G. Barbosa de Lima, E. Gomes da Silva, T. H. F. de Andrade, and R. Q. da Costa Melo. "Water Absorption in Caroá-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite at Different Temperatures: A Theoretical Investigation." Diffusion Foundations 10 (June 2017): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.10.16.

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Water uptake studies of composite materials reinforced with vegetable fibers shows that they are highly sensitive to environmental influences such as water and temperature. The presence of moisture leads to impregnation and imperfect interfacial fiber-matrix adhesion, which generate internal stresses porosity and premature system failure. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to study theoretically water absorption in unsaturated polyester composites reinforced with caroá fiber (Neoglaziovia Variegata) at 25, 50 and 70°C by using a transient 3D mathematical model via ANSYS CFX® Software. The samples has composition 30% caroá fiber/70% unsaturated polyester resin and dimensions 6 x 20 x 20 mm3. Results of the average moisture content and moisture content distribution during the water uptake are presented and analyzed. Comparison between numerical and experimental data of the average moisture content showed good agreement. It can be concluded that the water absorption rate is faster in the vertex region of the composites, and mainly at higher temperature.
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Jacob, D. J., J. H. Crawford, H. Maring, A. D. Clarke, J. E. Dibb, R. A. Ferrare, C. A. Hostetler, et al. "The ARCTAS aircraft mission: design and execution." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 4 (August 12, 2009): 17073–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-17073-2009.

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Abstract. The NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was conducted in two 3-week deployments based in Alaska (April 2008) and western Canada (June–July 2008). The goal of ARCTAS was to better understand the factors driving current changes in Arctic atmospheric composition and climate, including (1) transport of mid-latitude pollution, (2) boreal forest fires, (3) aerosol radiative forcing, and (4) chemical processes. ARCTAS involved three aircraft: a DC-8 with detailed chemical payload, a P-3 with extensive aerosol payload, and a B-200 with aerosol remote sensing instrumentation. The aircraft augmented satellite observations of Arctic atmospheric composition, in particular from the NASA A-Train, by (1) validating the data, (2) improving constraints on retrievals, (3) making correlated observations, and (4) characterizing chemical and aerosol processes. The April flights (ARCTAS-A) sampled pollution plumes from all three mid-latitude continents, fire plumes from Siberia and Southeast Asia, and halogen radical events. The June-July flights (ARCTAS-B) focused on boreal forest fire influences and sampled fresh fire plumes from northern Saskatchewan as well as older fire plumes from Canada, Siberia, and California. The June–July deployment was preceded by one week of flights over California sponsored by the California Air Resources Board (ARCTAS-CARB). The ARCTAS-CARB goals were to (1) improve state emission inventories for greenhouse gases and aerosols, (2) provide observations to test and improve models of ozone and aerosol pollution. Extensive sampling across southern California and the Central Valley characterized emissions from urban centers, offshore shipping lanes, agricultural crops, feedlots, industrial sources, and wildfires.
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ADAM, T., N. GATHERCOLE, H. REITER, and B. HARRIS. "Life prediction for fatigue of T800/5245 carbob-fibre composites: II. Variable-amplitude loading." International Journal of Fatigue 16, no. 8 (1994): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(94)90479-0.

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32

Huang, M., G. R. Carmichael, S. N. Spak, B. Adhikary, S. Kulkarni, Y. F. Cheng, C. Wei, et al. "Multi-scale modeling study of the source contributions to near-surface ozone and sulfur oxides levels over California during the ARCTAS-CARB period." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2010): 27777–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-27777-2010.

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Abstract. Chronic ozone (O3) problems and the increasing sulfur oxides (SOx=SO2+SO4) ambient concentrations over South Coast (SC) and other areas of California (CA) are affected by both local emissions and long-range transport. In this paper, multi-scale tracer and full-chemistry simulations with the STEM atmospheric chemistry model are used to assess the contribution of local emission sources to SC O3 and evaluate the impacts of transported sulfur and local emissions on the SC sulfur budget during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment period in 2008. Sensitivity simulations quantify contributions of biogenic and fire emissions to SC O3 levels. California biogenic and fire emissions contribute 3–4 ppb to near-surface O3 over SC, with larger contributions to other regions in CA. Long-range transport from Asia is estimated to enhance surface SO4 over SC by ~0.5 μg/sm3, and the higher SOx levels (up to ~0.7 ppb of SO2 and ~6 μg/sm3 of SO4) observed above ~6 km did not affect surface air quality in the study region. Enhanced near-surface SOx levels over SC during the flight week were attributed mostly to local emissions. Two anthropogenic SOx emission inventories (EIs) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are compared and applied in 60 km and 12 km chemical transport simulations, and the results are compared with observations. The CARB EI shows improvements over the National Emission Inventory (NEI) by EPA, but generally underestimates surface SC SOx by about a factor of two. Maritime (mostly shipping) emissions contribute to the high SO2 levels over the ocean and on-shore, and fine SO4 over the downwind areas is impacted by maritime sources. Maritime emissions also modify the NOx-VOC limitations over coastal areas. These suggest an important role for shipping emission controls in reducing fine particle and O3 concentrations in SC.
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Mullen, Mary M., Elena Lomonosova, Michael Driscoll Toboni, Hollie M. Noia, Danny Wilke, Alyssa Oplt, Lei Guo, et al. "Effect on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer by inhibiting the GAS6/AXL pathway and inducing homologous recombination deficiency." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 6080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.6080.

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6080 Background: Less than 10% of patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) have a complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We aimed to identify a biomarker predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to determine if GAS6/AXL inhibition with AVB500 (AVB) could increase platinum response. Methods: AVB was supplied by Aravive Biologics. HGSC tumor samples were obtained pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. GAS6 expression was measured by tissue immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serum ELISA. Four HGSC cell lines were used for all experiments. Immunofluorescent (IF) assays targeting ɣH2AX for DNA damage, RAD51, BRCA1, and BRCA2 for homologous recombination (HR) and 53BP1 for non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) were performed. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate RPA binding. DNA fiber assays were performed. In vitro clonogenic assays were done on chemoresistant ovarian tumor cells treated with carboplatin (carbo) +/- AVB and olaparib +/- AVB. Synergy assays were analyzed using Combenefit software. Mouse models were used to evaluate the combination of carboplatin + AVB and olaparib + AVB on tumor burden. Results: Patients with high pretreatment tumor GAS6 IHC expression ( > 85%) or serum GAS6 concentrations ( > 25ng/mL) were more likely to have a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy than those with low GAS6 (P = 0.002). Additionally, high GAS6 concentration was associated with decreased overall survival (24.4 months versus undefined, P = 0.009). Carbo + AVB resulted in decreased clonogenic colonies compared to carbo alone (p < 0.05). In vivo tumor mouse models treated with chemotherapy + AVB had significantly less tumor burden than those treated with chemotherapy alone (50mg vs 357mg, P = 0.003). We identified an induction in HR deficiency by a decrease in RAD51, BRCA1, and BRCA2 foci and RPA binding in cells treated with carbo + AVB compared to carbo (P < 0.05). There was increase in ɣH2AX and 53BP1 foci as well as replication fork slowing in tumor cells treated with carboplatin + AVB (P < 0.01). We also AVB and carboplatin were synergistic. Olaparib + AVB resulted in decreased clonogenic colonies (P < 0.05) and decreased tumor burden in mouse models (76mg vs 171mg, P = 0.03) compared to olaparib alone. Conclusions: GAS6 is a potential biomarker predictive of poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HGSC. Inhibition of this GAS6/AXL pathway with AVB improves sensitivity to traditional neoadjuvant chemotherapy by inducing a homologous recombination deficiency.
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Vaquero, M. P., L. Perez-Olleros, M. Garcia-Cuevas, M. Veldhuizen, B. Ruiz-Roso, and A. Requejo. "Mineral absorption of diets containing natural carob fiber compared to cellulose, pectin and various combinations of these fibers Absorción de minerales de dietas que contienen fibra natural de algarrobas comparada con celulosa, pectina y varias combinaciones de estas fibras." Food Science and Technology International 6, no. 6 (December 2000): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201320000600605.

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The influence of the consumption of natural carob fiber (NCF), an insoluble hypocholesterolemic fiber, as the unique dietary fiber or combined with cellulose (CEL) or pectin (PEC), on mineral bioavailability was studied. Six groups of rats were fed for 10 days diets containing 10% CEL, NCF, PEC or CEL+NCF, CEL+PEC and NCF+PEC mixtures at 50%. Food intake was lower with PEC than NCF and CEL+NCF, but final body weight was unaffected. Fecal weight showed significant differ ences in the following order: CEL, NCF, CEL+NCF > CEL+PEC, NCF+PEC > PEC. Percentage of calcium absorption was higher with CEL+PEC and NCF+PEC compared with the rest of fibers. Mag nesium absorption was also significantly enhanced in these two groups compared to NCF (p < 0.0004). Iron absorption did not show variations. Zinc apparent absorption was reduced by PEC, but the NCF+PEC mixture counterbalanced this effect. Liver iron was significantly lower with NCF+PEC than CEL, and liver iron concentration was significantly lower with NCF+PEC compared to CEL+PEC. Liver zinc was significantly higher with CEL+NCF than PEC while liver zinc concentrations were slightly higher with the former (p = 0.05 compared to NCF). The results indicate that NCF, compared to CEL and PEC, did not decrease the efficiency of calcium, magnesium and iron absorption in rats, while compared to PEC it increased zinc apparent absorption. Moreover, by combining NCF with PEC calcium and magnesium, absorptions enhanced in comparison with NCF alone, which was prob ably a result of the combination of soluble and insoluble fibers.
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Fernandez-Vidal, Severo, Sergio Fernandez-Vidal, Moises Batista, and Jorge Salguero. "Tool Wear Mechanism in Cutting of Stack CFRP/UNS A97075." Materials 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081276.

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The aeronautics industry’s competitiveness has led to the need to increase productivity with one shot drilling (OSD) systems capable of drilling stacks of dissimilar materials (fibre/metal laminates, FML) in order to reduce riveting times. Among the materials that constitute the current aeronautical models, composite materials and aluminium (Al) and titanium (Ti) alloys stand out. These one-pass machining techniques produce high-quality holes, especially when all the elements that have to be joined are made of the same material. This work has followed a conventional OSD strategy and the same cutting conditions applied to CFRP (carbo-fibre-reinforced polymer), Al and CFRP/Al stacked sheets to know the wear mechanisms produced. With this purpose, results were obtained by using current specific techniques, such as microstructural analysis, monitoring of the shear forces and analysis of macrogeometric deviations. It has been determined that when these drilling techniques are applied under the same cutting conditions to stacks of materials of a different nature, the results of the wear mechanisms acting on the tool differ from those obtained when machining each material separately. This article presents a comparison between the effects of tool wear during dry drilling of CFRP and UNS A97075 plates separately and when machined as stacks.
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Macho-González, A., A. Garcimartín, F. Naes, M. E. López-Oliva, A. Amores-Arrojo, M. J. González-Muñoz, S. Bastida, J. Benedí, and F. J. Sánchez-Muniz. "Effects of Fiber Purified Extract of Carob Fruit on Fat Digestion and Postprandial Lipemia in Healthy Rats." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, no. 26 (June 7, 2018): 6734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01476.

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Pérez-Olleros, L., M. Garcia-Cuevas, and B. Ruiz-Roso. "Nota. Influencia de la pulpa y fibra natural de algarrobas sobre algunos aspectos de la utilización nutritiva de la dieta y la colesterolemia en ratas / Note. Influence of pulp and natural carob fiber on some aspects of nutritional utilization and cholesterolemia in rats." Food Science and Technology International 5, no. 5 (October 1999): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329900500508.

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A comparative study of the influence of two subproducts from carob, its pulp (PUL) and its natural fiber (FNA), on the dietary nutritive utilization was performed. The products were included in a semisynthetic diet (50 g/kg) and administered to rats. A group of animals which consumed cellulose (CEL) was used as a control. Cholesterol levels were monitored weekly during 28 days in normal and hypercholesterolemic rats that consumed FNA and CEL (supplemented with sterols 25 g/kg diet). The intake, weight increase and food efficiency ratio (CEA) obtained were not significantly influ enced. By contrast, the fat digestibility coefficient (CDG) of the FNA group (0.97 ± 0.003) was signifi cantly lower than the corresponding CEL (0.98 ± 0.00) and PUL (0.98 ± 0.00) groups. Accordingly, the nitrogen digestibility coefficients (CDN) were significantly different: CEL, 0.93 ± 0.003; PUL, 0.91 ± 0.003, and FNA, 0.90 ± 0.003. Serum cholesterol levels were not different between the non-hypercho lesterolemic groups that consumed FNA or CEL. Concerning the evolution of the cholesterol blood level, the animals supplemented with cholesterol showed an increase that was always lower in the supplemented animals which were administered FNA compared with those that consumed CEL. This difference was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) in the fourth week, when the cholesterol levels of the CEL and FNA groups were 235 ± 9 mg/dL and 167 ± 12 mg/dL, respectively.
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Torres, José LR, Elaine D. Ciabotti, Fernando RC Gomes, André LB Leal Junior, Dinamar MS Vieira, and Luciene L. Costa. "Physico-chemical attributes of no-till Brassica crops cultivated after various cover crops." Horticultura Brasileira 35, no. 2 (April 2017): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620170216.

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ABSTRACT Cauliflower and cabbage require high amounts of nutrients in short periods of time; however, the intensive use of inorganic fertilizers can cause nutritional imbalances in these crops and reduce the quality of the final product. This study evaluated the chemical composition and yield of no-till cauliflower and cabbage grown on residues of various cover crops in Uberaba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four cover crops (sunn hemp, brachiaria, pearl millet and fallow) and two main crops (cauliflower and cabbage). The treatments were evaluated on plots of 20 m2 with four replications. The following traits were analyzed after harvest: moisture (MO), ash (ASH), lipid (LIP), crude fiber (CF), protein (PTN), carbohydrates (CARB), total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), pH, ascorbic acid (AA), head fresh weight (HFW), head dry weight (HDW) and yield. Cauliflower cultivated on sunn hemp residues produced high levels of LIP, PTN, CARB, TSS and TTA, whereas cauliflower cultivated on brachiaria and millet residues demonstrated high AA levels when compared to the treatment with sunn hemp residues. In the aerial part, cabbage presented significantly higher levels of CARB, TTA and AA when cultivated on brachiaria residues, whereas PTN levels were higher on sunn hemp residues. The cultivation of cauliflower and cabbage on cover crop residues affected positively most of the chemical attributes of the evaluated crops when compared to the fallow treatment, although the highest yield and AA levels were observed when the crops were cultivated on brachiaria residues.
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Pfister, G. G., J. Avise, C. Wiedinmyer, D. P. Edwards, L. K. Emmons, G. D. Diskin, J. Podolske, and A. Wisthaler. "CO source contribution analysis for California during ARCTAS-CARB." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 15 (August 1, 2011): 7515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7515-2011.

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Abstract. Air pollution is of concern in many parts of California and is impacted by both local emissions and also by pollution inflow from the North Pacific Ocean. In this study, we use the regional chemical transport model WRF-Chem V3.2 together with the global Model for OZone and Related Chemical Tracers to examine the CO budget over California. We include model CO tracers for different emission sources in the models, which allow estimation of the relative importance of local sources versus pollution inflow on the distribution of CO at the surface and in the free troposphere. The focus of our study is on the 15 June–15 July 2008 time period, which coincides with the aircraft deployment of the NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission over California. Model simulations are evaluated using these aircraft observations as well as satellite retrievals and surface observations of CO. Evaluation results show that the model overall predicts the observed CO fields well, but points towards an underestimate of CO from the fires in Northern California, which had a strong influence during the study period, and towards a slight overestimate of CO from pollution inflow and local anthropogenic sources. The analysis of the CO budget over California reveals that inflow of CO explains on average 99 ± 11 ppbV of surface CO during the study period, compared to 61 ± 95 ppbV for local anthropogenic direct emissions of CO and 84 ± 194 ppbV for fires. In the free troposphere, the average CO contributions are estimated as 96 ± 7 ppbV for CO inflow, 8 ± 9 ppbV for CO from local anthropogenic sources and 18 ± 13 ppbV for CO from fires. Accounting for the low bias in the CO fire emission inventory, the fire impact during the study period might have been up to a factor 4 higher than the given estimates.
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Jakboub Maroua Safa, Manaa Khadidja Hadjar, Latigui Amina, Metai Kamel, and Latigui Ahmed. "Effect of Sewage Sludge and Palm Fiber Co-compost as horticultural substrate on Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) growth." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 11, no. 4 (August 9, 2021): 390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.11(4).p390-399.

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The palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is the main species of the main agro-systems of semi-arid and arid bioclimatic stages in Algeria. Its fibers (FP) are widely available and not used. In addition, the available sewage sludge (SS) requires recovery for ecological and economic purposes. To this end, the objective of this work was to formulate a Co-composting (CC) composed of SS and PF as a horticultural substrate (HS) intended for the breeding of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua). During the six months of CC, the indicative maturity pa-rameters such as pH, electro conductivity (EC), dissolved O2 and dry matter (DW) showed stability of the product. Four HS composed of 4 different CC-soil (TS) ratios: T (8-2), T (7-3), T (6-4) and T (0-10) were studied in the labor-atory. The best physicochemical characteristics such as total porosity (TP), humidity rate (RH), bulk density (BD), drainage rate (DR), pH and EC were obtained in T (80:20). This same SH also gave the best growth parameters of plants such as root volume (RV), root architecture (RA), number of roots (RN), root length (RL), number of leaves (LN), stem length (SL), fresh aerial and root weight (AFW), (RFW), dry aerial and root weight (ADW) and (RDW). We conclude that T (8: 2) induced the best growth performance of C. siliqua.
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Li, Ying, Bo Jiang, and Yudong Huang. "Constructing nanosheet-like MOF on the carbon fiber surfaces for improving the interfacial properties of carbo fiber /epoxy composites." Applied Surface Science 514 (June 2020): 145870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145870.

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Aloueedat, Mohammad K., Belal S. Obeidat, and Mofleh S. Awawdeh. "Effects of Partial Replacement of Conventional with Alternative Feeds on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Milk Yield and Composition of Awassi Ewes and Lambs." Animals 9, no. 9 (September 15, 2019): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090684.

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Two experiments were done to assess the effects of alternative feeds (AF; dried distillers grains with solubles, carob pods, olive cake, and bread by-product) on lactating performance of ewes and digestibility and nitrogen (N) retention of lambs. Diets were: no AF (CON); 200 g/kg AF (AF200); and 400 g/kg AF (AF400). In Experiment 1, 27 Awassi ewes were randomly distributed into three groups, and each was fed one of the diets described before (9 ewes/diet). Evaluation of milk composition and yield was performed at the beginning of the experiment and on days 18, 36, and 54. In Experiment 2, 18 Awassi lambs were allocated to the same diets (6 ewe lambs/diet) during a 21-day trial (14 days housed individually in shaded pens and 7 days in metabolic cages). In Experiment 1, no differences in body weight (BW) of the ewes and their lambs were detected. With the exception of neutral detergent fiber intake, which was lower in the AF-containing diets compared with CON, dry matter, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber intake were not affected by dietary treatment. Milk yield and composition was comparable among diets, and the cost of milk production was lower in AF compared to CON diet. In Experiment 2, nutrient digestibility and N retention were not affected by the diet. Results showed the possibility of including different AF in ewe and lamb diets to mitigate production cost without negatively affecting intake, milk yield, and composition, digestibility, and animal welfare and health.
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43

Marshall, Gail. "Helen Faucit: Fire and Ice on the Victorian Stage. By Carol Jones Carlisle. London: Society for Theatre Research, 2000; pp. xix + 416. $42 cloth." Theatre Survey 46, no. 1 (May 2005): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557405290099.

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Helen Faucit: Fire and Ice on the Victorian Stage represents the distillation of decades of work by Carol Jones Carlisle on this eminent, but now largely forgotten, Victorian actress. The book is an impressive achievement, and one that will be of great service to the growing number of academics and students now working within the increasingly well-resourced field of Victorian theatre. As interest in the range of Victorian theatres develops, however, it is helpful to be reminded of the narratives that go to produce the spectacle of the legitimate and patent theatres. As Faucit's own family history demonstrates, that narrative was often far from legitimate itself, though it could, and in her case did, encompass a social elevation to the highest levels of English society.
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Caner, Ferhun C., Zaoyang Guo, Brian Moran, Zdeněk P. Bažant, and Ignacio Carol. "Hyperelastic Anisotropic Microplane Constitutive Model for Annulus Fibrosus." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 129, no. 5 (February 26, 2007): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2768378.

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In a recent paper, Peng et al. (2006, “An Anisotropic Hyperelastic Constitutive Model With Fiber-Matrix Interaction for the Human Annulus Fibrosis,” ASME J. Appl. Mech., 73(5), pp. 815–824) developed an anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive model for the human annulus fibrosus in which fiber-matrix interaction plays a crucial role in simulating experimental observations reported in the literature. Later, Guo et al. (2006, “A Composites-Based Hyperelastic Constitutive Model for Soft Tissue With Application to the Human Fibrosis,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 54(9), pp. 1952–1971) used fiber reinforced continuum mechanics theory to formulate a model in which the fiber-matrix interaction was simulated using only composite effect. It was shown in these studies that the classical anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive models for soft tissue, which do not account for this shear interaction, cannot accurately simulate the test data on human annulus fibrosus. In this study, we show that the microplane model for soft tissue developed by Caner and Carol (2006, “Microplane Constitutive Model and Computational Framework for Blood Vessel Tissue,” ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 128(3), pp. 419–427) can be adjusted for human annulus fibrosus and the resulting model can accurately simulate the experimental observations without explicit fiber-matrix interaction because, in microplane model, the shear interaction between the individual fibers distributed in the tissue provides the required additional rigidity to explain these experimental facts. The intensity of the shear interaction between the fibers can be adjusted by adjusting the spread in the distribution while keeping the total amount of the fiber constant. A comparison of results obtained from (i) a fiber-matrix parallel coupling model, which does not account for the fiber-matrix interaction, (ii) the same model but enriched with fiber-matrix interaction, and (iii) microplane model for soft tissue adapted to annulus fibrosus with two families of fiber distributions is presented. The conclusions are (i) that varying degrees of fiber-fiber and fiber-matrix shear interaction must be taking place in the human annulus fibrosus, (ii) that this shear interaction is essential to be able to explain the mechanical behavior of human annulus fibrosus, and (iii) that microplane model can be fortified with fiber-matrix interaction in a straightforward manner provided that there are new experimental data on distribution of fibers, which indicate a spread so small that it requires an explicit fiber-matrix interaction to be able to simulate the experimental data.
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Huang, M., G. R. Carmichael, S. N. Spak, B. Adhikary, S. Kulkarni, Y. Cheng, C. Wei, et al. "Multi-scale modeling study of the source contributions to near-surface ozone and sulfur oxides levels over California during the ARCTAS-CARB period." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 7 (April 4, 2011): 3173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3173-2011.

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Abstract. Chronic high surface ozone (O3) levels and the increasing sulfur oxides (SOx = SO2+SO4) ambient concentrations over South Coast (SC) and other areas of California (CA) are affected by both local emissions and long-range transport. In this paper, multi-scale tracer, full-chemistry and adjoint simulations using the STEM atmospheric chemistry model are conducted to assess the contribution of local emission sourcesto SC O3 and to evaluate the impacts of transported sulfur and local emissions on the SC sulfur budgetduring the ARCTAS-CARB experiment period in 2008. Sensitivity simulations quantify contributions of biogenic and fire emissions to SC O3 levels. California biogenic and fire emissions contribute 3–4 ppb to near-surface O3 over SC, with larger contributions to other regions in CA. During a long-range transport event from Asia starting from 22 June, high SOx levels (up to ~0.7 ppb of SO2 and ~1.3 ppb of SO4) is observed above ~6 km, but they did not affect CA surface air quality. The elevated SOx observed at 1–4 km is estimated to enhance surface SOx over SC by ~0.25 ppb (upper limit) on ~24 June. The near-surface SOx levels over SC during the flight week are attributed mostly to local emissions. Two anthropogenic SOx emission inventories (EIs) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are compared and applied in 60 km and 12 km chemical transport simulations, and the results are compared withobservations. The CARB EI shows improvements over the National Emission Inventory (NEI) by EPA, but generally underestimates surface SC SOx by about a factor of two. Adjoint sensitivity analysis indicated that SO2 levels at 00:00 UTC (17:00 local time) at six SC surface sites were influenced by previous day maritime emissions over the ocean, the terrestrial emissions over nearby urban areas, and by transported SO2 from the north through both terrestrial and maritime areas. Overall maritime emissions contribute 10–70% of SO2 and 20–60% fine SO4 on-shore and over the most terrestrial areas, with contributions decreasing with in-land distance from the coast. Maritime emissions also modify the photochemical environment, shifting O3 production over coastal SC to more VOC-limited conditions. These suggest an important role for shipping emission controls in reducing fine particle and O3 concentrations in SC.
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46

De Caro, Liberato, Davide Altamura, Teresa Sibillano, Dritan Siliqi, Giovanni Filograsso, Oliver Bunk, and Cinzia Giannini. "Rat-tail tendon fiber SAXS high-order diffraction peaks recovered by a superbright laboratory source and a novel restoration algorithm." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 3 (April 18, 2013): 672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188981300770x.

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The nanoscale structural order of air-dried rat-tail tendon is investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). SAXS fiber diffraction patterns were collected with a superbright laboratory microsource at XMI-LAB [Altamura, Lassandro, Vittoria, De Caro, Siliqi, Ladisa & Giannini (2012).J. Appl. Cryst.45, 869–873] for increasing integration times (up to 10 h) and a novel algorithm was used to estimate and subtract background, and to deconvolve the beam-divergence effects. Once the algorithm is applied, the peak visibility improves considerably and reciprocal space information up to the 22nd diffraction order is retrieved (q= 0.21 Å−1,d= 29 Å) for an 8–10 h integration time. The gain in the visibility is already significant for patterns collected for 0.5 h, at least on the more intense peaks. This demonstrates the viability of detecting structural changes on a molecular/nanoscale level in tissues with state-of-the-art laboratory sources and also the technical feasibility to adopt SAXS fiber diffraction as a future potential clinical indicator for disease.
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47

Gruendel, Sindy, Ada L. Garcia, Baerbel Otto, Corinna Mueller, Jochen Steiniger, Martin O. Weickert, Maria Speth, Norbert Katz, and Corinna Koebnick. "Carob Pulp Preparation Rich in Insoluble Dietary Fiber and Polyphenols Enhances Lipid Oxidation and Lowers Postprandial Acylated Ghrelin in Humans." Journal of Nutrition 136, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.6.1533.

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48

Silveira, Daniela Garcia, Fernanda Vidigal Duarte Souza, Claudinéia Regina Pelacani, Antonio da Silva Souza, Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo, and José Raniere Ferreira de Santana. "Micropropagation and in vitro conservation of Neoglaziovia variegata (Arr. Cam.) mez, a fiber producing bromeliad from Brazil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 4 (August 2009): 923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000400016.

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Neoglaziovia variegata (Arr. Cam.) Mez is a Bromeliaceae native to the Caatinga, used for fiber extraction in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The antropic activity has place this species among the threatened ones. The objective of the work was to establish an in vitro propagation and conservation of caroá. Seeds were cultivated in MS medium in the presence or absence of light. In vitro germinated seedlings were multiplied in MS medium supplemented with the combinations 0.05 and 0.50 µM NAA and 2.2 and 4.4 µM BAP and KIN. The best percentages of germination were obtained with the seeds incubated in the presence of light. The highest multiplication ratio was obtained for the NAA (0,5 µM) + BAP (4,4 µM) treatment and the number of roots, with NAA (0.5 µM) + KIN (2.2 µM). Plant acclimatization presented differentiated results regarding the substrates tested. The conservation was established.
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49

Gemignani, Franco. "Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Small-Fiber Neuropathy: Comment on the Article by Caro and Winter." Arthritis & Rheumatology 66, no. 12 (November 25, 2014): 3526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.38812.

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50

Valero-Muñoz, María, Beatriz Martín-Fernández, Sandra Ballesteros, Vicente Lahera, and Natalia de las Heras. "Carob Pod Insoluble Fiber Exerts Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects in Rabbits through Sirtuin-1 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1α." Journal of Nutrition 144, no. 9 (July 16, 2014): 1378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.196113.

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