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1
Dilks, Kathy. "Permission to speak? : the postmodernist voice of Carol Shields." Thesis, University of Chichester, 2008. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/824/.
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The thesis posits that the radical transformation in Carol Shields's writing during the 1980s, moving from rather conservative realist fiction to postmodernist metafiction, was influenced by practices and theories which reject 'totalising' concepts of the self, of language and of empirical reality, instead favouring models of thought that point up the cultural constructedness of all three.
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Léger, Benoit. "Miracles divers de Carol Shields; suivi de: Traduire la polyphonie." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60605.
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The creative segment of this thesis is a translation of ten short stories taken from the Canadian author Carol Shields' collection: Various Miracles. Using translation principles prescribed by Berman, Riffaterre, Lefevere and Meschonnic, and taking into account Bakhtin's principle of polyphony in the novel as described in "Discourse in the Novel", we have tried to produce a faithful translation, respectful of the profoundly alien nature of this work written in a foreign language (a characteristic that is not to be erased), and true to its polyphonic nature.In the theoretical section of this thesis we have analyzed the importance of the multiple voices in the collection, an importance that has been stressed by the author herself, as well as by numerous critics. This multiplicity of voices is examined in the light of Bakhtin's concept of polyphony in order to determine if it can be useful to the critic and the translator. We therefore analyze the various voices and types of discourse that are to be found in the collection, in order to show their complexity as well as to permit a better understanding of some of the translation choices that were made.
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Fournier-Lévêque, Élise. "Traduire la métafiction dans Dressing Up for the Carnival de Carol Shields." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30714.
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Le projet de cette maîtrise en traduction littéraire comporte deux grands volets. Le premier volet, créatif, est une traduction intégrale vers le français d’un recueil de nouvelles de Carol Shields, intitulé Dressing Up for the Carnival (2000). Le deuxième volet, celui-ci théorique, est une analyse de cette traduction – de quatre nouvelles en particulier – portant sur l’aspect métafictionnel et autoréférentiel de l’écriture de Shields. Cette analyse s’intéresse particulièrement aux manières dont la figure de l’auteur est présentée et déconstruite. Elle montre en quoi cet aspect important de l’œuvre de Shields peut avoir une incidence sur la traduction ou la réception de la traduction, puisque l’auteure se prononce sur l’acte d’interprétation. L’analyse souligne également les défis qui découlent de la traduction d’une auteure comme Shields, qui tend à privilégier la langue et non l’intrigue comme point de départ de l’écriture, notamment par l’imposition de contraintes stylistiques sévères.
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Ho, Julie Elaine. ""Half of life": male voices in the novels of Carol Shields." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222596.
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Ramon, Alex. "'Books of life' : a reassessment of the work of Carol Shields." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434115.
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This thesis offers a comprehensive reassessment of the fiction and criticism of Carol Shields. It aims to present her work as less "domestic" and "celebratory" and more expansive and equivocal than has sometimes been recognised, and to re-address elements which have been under-explored in previous scholarship. Close attention is paid to formal and thematic liminality, stylistic experimentation, intertextuality, subversions of historiography, and Canadian contexts, as well as to texts which have previously received very little analysis, such as Shields's poetry collections. The study is also the first to draw extensively on manuscript materials which give a valuable insight into her working methods and extend debate about her experiments with narrative perspective and genre-mixing. An introductory chapter places the study in the context of work previously undertaken on Shields~s fiction. Emphasising the complexity of her portrayals of family dynamics, her early texts are then assessed through Lacanian concepts of alterity in order to explore the central tension between alienation and connectedness developed in this apprentice work. A study of Various Miracles (1985) and Swann (1987) examines these texts~ combination of post modem narrative "play" with a realist commitment to character construction and moral issues. A study of the interplay of different language registers follows, and reveals that the deployment of dialogue in Shields's work challenges the alleged limitation of its social scope. Extant analyses of Shields's "use and abuse" of autolbiographical convention are extended by tracing her development of The Stone Diaries (1993) and Larry's Party (1997) through their multiple manuscript revisions and transformations of personal biography. Finally, a study of Shields's last three texts demonstrates that these generically disparate final works are linked thematically by an inquiry into the Canadian trope of survival.
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Roberts, Gillian Marie. "Nation, celebration and selected works of Michael Ondaatje and Carol Shields." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406897.
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Loire, Fouache Cécile. "L' art du quotidien dans les romans de Carol Shields : 1935-2003." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL544.
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L'univers des romans de Carol Shields trouve son ancrage dans la réalité nord-américaine de la fin du XXe siècle. Après en avoir analysé la teneur et son mode de représentation dans la fiction, ce travail s'appuie sur les manuscrits dont l'auteur a fait don aux Archives Nationales du Canada et sur ses dix romans publiés pour étudier le processus de création artistique à l'œuvre et les procédés utolisés pour élaborer une poetique du quotidien par laquelle elleappréhende la vie quotidienne d'hommes et de femmes ordinaires pour en révéler l'extraordinaire et la transmuer en œuvre d'art dans la fiction, opérant une déquotidianisation du quotidien qui fait surgir l'étrange(r) dans le familier, en subvertissant les genres traditionnels, notamment la biographie et l'autobiographie. Cette approche originale du quotidien s'inscrit dans le cadre des grands courants littéraires et théoriques, féminisme, réalisme, postmodernisme, vis à vis desquels Shields conserve une distance raisonnéeThe world of Carol Shield's novels is rooted in the North-American reality of the end of the 20th century. After analyzing its nature and its mode of representation in fiction, this study relies on the manuscripts the author gave away to the National Archives of Canada and on the ten published novels to study the process of artistic creation at work and the devices used to build up a poetics of the quotidian through which she approaches the everyday life of ordinary men and women in order to conjure up the extraordinary that lies within the ordinary and to transmute it into a work of art in fiction, thus dequotidianizing the quotidian and highlighting the strange within the familiar, all the while subverting traditional genres such as biography and autobiography. This original approach of everydayness and the everyday finds its place in the context of the largerliterary and theoretical trends such as feminism, realism, postmodernism, towards which Shields remains safely distant
8
Morgan, Patricia Joan. "Transgressive play, narrative strategies in the novels and short stories of Carol Shields." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22922.pdf.
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Stead, Nicola Jayne. "The anxiety of feminist influence : concepts of voice in Margaret Atwood and Carol Shields." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/69973.
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This thesis explores the concepts of “voice” and “influence” through the case studies of two famous English-speaking Canadian women writers, Margaret Atwood and Carol Shields. The “voice” is multiple, ambiguous and influenced, but it is also apparently unique. How, therefore, is it constructed and where does it come from? I examine, work with and adapt Harold Bloom’s paradigmatic study of influence to a feminist context, exploring the idea that a literary voice can be developed and influenced by Atwood and Shields. I discuss how these writers searched for an appropriate literary role model, exemplified by nineteenth-century English-Canadian writer Susanna Moodie, at the moment when Canadian nationalism and feminism coincided. Atwood and Shields are now canonical writers themselves and important in both the nationalist and women’s tradition, but have they gone on to influence new Canadian women writers? I test the pleasures and the anxieties of Shields’ influence with regard to her creative writing students and her own daughter, Anne Giardini, who has published her first novel. I compare Shields with Atwood, who has achieved a high level of fame, and examine what kind of influence each exerts. I discuss whether literary influence is politically different for women than men and whether there is any jealousy or power struggles between the sexes. Rivalry and competition between writers are not purely caused by the aesthetic issues that Bloom discusses, therefore I contextualise his concept of influence using literary celebrity studies to consider the economic basis of cultural production. This is in order to show that tensions are determined by market conditions, just as much as the new poet’s desire to overthrow a literary precursor. Finally, I examine fan letters to Atwood and Shields as another important source of literary influence. I discuss how fans are constructed through a commercial relationship and how they can also provide an amateur literary voice. Atwood and Shields have helped to create a network of writers across the globe. I explore whether both authors can be role models who will inspire the next literary generation.
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O'Neill, Rebecca. "Ordinary lives, extraordinary narratives. the transformation of character and theme in the fiction of Carol Shields." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ33424.pdf.
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Shoenut, Meredith L. McLaughlin Robert L. "Canadian postwar perspectives of her-story historiographic metafiction by Laurence, Kogawa, Shields, and Atwood /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1225101671&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1176732662&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2005.Title from title page screen, viewed on April 16, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Robert McLaughlin (chair), Lynn Worsham, Sally Parry. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 312-331) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Wong, Siu-lung Marcus. "Different perspectives on the decentredness of the human subject in novels by Carol Shields and Toni Morrison." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21161343.
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Wong, Siu-lung Marcus, and 黃少龍. "Different perspectives on the decentredness of the human subject in novels by Carol Shields and Toni Morrison." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952458.
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Bölling, Gordon. "History in the making Metafiktion im neueren anglokanadischen historischen Roman." Heidelberg Winter, 2004. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2832122&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Bölling, Gordon. "History in the making : Metafiktion im neueren anglokanadischen historischen Roman /." Heidelberg : Winter, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2832122&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Savinov, Roman. "Evaluation of Efficiency of Various Materials to Shield From Radiation in Space Using the Monte Carlo Transport Code Called FLUKA." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1687.
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The purpose of this study is to improve spacecraft shielding from radiation in space. It focuses on the evaluation of shielding efficiency of different materials. The efficiency of a shield is evaluated by the dose profile within the shield and the amount of dose absorbed by a target using the Monte Carlo transport code called FLUKA. The output of this code is validated by recreating the experiments from published papers and comparing the results. Once the FLUKA’s output is validated, the efficiency of sixteen materials, subject to SPE and GCR sources, are evaluated. The efficiency comparison is made by fixing the area density of a shield. It was found that polyethylene, water, carbon and silicon outperform aluminum – the primary metal used in spacecraft. In case of composite shield, made of layers of different materials, the 3Carb-9Al combination has better performance than the shield made just of aluminum. This holds true for both Solar Particle Events (SPEs) and Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR). However, the choice of material is more efficient at shielding from SPE particles rather than from GCR. In case of GCR, the choice of materials is found to have rather small effect on the efficiency of a shield. The percent difference between the rate of dose absorption by a target, shielded by different materials, is within about 9%. Secondary particles make a significant contribution to the target’s dose. For SPEs, the secondary particles are primarily electrons and neutrons. For GCRs, the secondary particles are primarily pions, α-particles and electrons. Protons contribute more than 50% to the target’s dose in both cases.
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Camastra, Małgorzata Maria. ""When does it stop? Does it ever stop?" : the business of being a guy : men and masculinities in Carol Shields's novels." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14329/.
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This thesis focuses on the portrayal of men and masculinities in Carol Shields’s novels. There is a conspicuous gap in the scholarly research on Shields's oeuvre which significantly sidelines her male characters. The focus of academic interest often falls on the author's engagement with feminism, almost solely concentrating on her female protagonists. Along with new developments in masculinity studies I give prominent attention to men in Shields's novels to illustrate how the feminist standpoint is filtered through masculine perspectives. The aim of this thesis is to show how the presentation of male characters in Carol Shields’s novels refracts wider societal changes and evolving theoretical paradigms of masculinity, and to trace how these portrayals evolve as a consequence of social developments. The thesis also stresses how Shields's novels become increasingly experimental, partially embracing postmodern ideas and techniques and combining them with questions about the position and situation of women and men in society. Only by reading male and female characters together, the thesis argues, are we able to build a holistic picture of Shields's literary achievement. Even though, on the surface, Shields's narratives feature most average male characters – white, middle-class, heterosexual North Americans – the protagonists and their constructions vary considerably from one narrative to another. Shields published her first novel in 1976 and her last in 2002. Thirty years of her writing career coincide with a turbulent period in the social life of the Western hemisphere. The emphasis of this thesis is on how Shields’s novels engage with the changing intellectual environment of second- and third-wave feminism, masculinity studies and postmodernism. Construction of gender in the novels changes: it becomes much more complex, less defined and more open to (re)interpretation. In novels such as Swann, The Republic of Love or The Stone Diaries we witness the emergence of postmodern masculinity which is fragmented, self-questioning and unstable. Men’s stories become increasingly complex as filtered through numerous layers of narrators’ and focalisers’ lenses. Also male characters gain more potential as protagonists achieve the capacity to reinvent themselves and their stories. However, as depicted in the novels, a postmodern man still occupies a dominant social position over women and still blames his mother for his failures in adult life, in spite of socio-political changes. As such Shields’s works express great sadness and disillusionment with feminism’s failure to allow women to assume equal status with men; however, the texts never blame men openly for social imbalance. Rather, Shields’s protagonists are united in their inability to control their stories and it is the social system that oppresses and limits women and men. Finally, the thesis shows the author's great skill and deep engagement in revealing the workings of the twentieth-century North American culture which reshapes definitions of what a man and what a woman is at a given time in history. Shields’s novels uncover and expose the mechanisms behind such artificial and arbitrary constructions which are often blindly accepted as the only true norm.
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Stafford, Amy. "Writing (fictional) lives the relationship between biography and fiction in the work of Carol Shields /." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/769.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alberta, 2009.Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on October 14, 2009). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Department of English and Film Studies. At head of title screen: University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kong, Ying. ""Alternate versions": the duplicities of life writing in the novels of Carol Shields." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2808.
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Life writing is always constituted of alternate versions of the self and the lived life of the self. The duplicities inherent in life writing are central to this study. These duplicities refer not only to the doubleness, but also to the constructedness, of life writing. My enabling assumption is that a life lived is never the same as the life written. Some of the questions at stake in the discourse of life writing include: How may the self be represented in literary form? How is biography a necessary ground of autobiography? What is the borderline between history and life story? Why and how is a lived life different from a written life? How much "truth" is there in life writing?
One obvious starting point is to trace the history of selfhood, or the identity of the self. Charles Taylor's Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity (1989) provides a thorough analysis of the sources of the self in its historical transformation from Plato's time to our era. However, only recently have media theorists such as Eric Havelock (1963), Benedict Anderson (1991), Mark Poster (1995) and Ronald J. Deibert (1997) offered an estimate of how self-identity changes as technology varies, and how the form of communication alters the bases of identity. Based on discoveries in neuroscience, Paul Eakin (1999) uses narrative theory to explain why life writing is always made up of multiple versions and how the notion of selfhood is profoundly shaped by culture. William Spengemann's historical and philosophical analysis of traditional autobiographies helps to explain different forms of autobiography in terms of personal motives and cultural reasons for writing.
This study shows that life writing is necessarily a process of translation in which facts must be transmuted into stories. In the process of translation, there are always alternate versions of the self, forms, media, voices, narratives, realities and finally alternate versions of fictions. By looking at seven of Carol Shields's fictions, this study aims to illustrate how Shields goes beyond models of historical, philosophical, and poetic self-presentation to find new ways and new forms for self-presentation in life writing.October 2007
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Guillemette, Élise. "L'ironie au féminin dans The Penelopiad de Margaret Atwood et Unless de Carol Shields." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/778/1/M10107.pdf.
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Le présent mémoire propose une analyse de l'ironie dans deux oeuvres d'auteures canadiennes-anglaises contemporaines, soit The Penelopiad de Margaret Atwood et Unless de Carol Shields. Envisagée dans son rapport au « gender », l'ironie y apparaît comme une stratégie féministe qui, par l'intermédiaire de la parodie et la métafiction, interroge et subvertit les discours qui légitiment un ordre social et symbolique fondé sur le sacrifice de la femme. S'appuyant avant tout sur les théories féministes, notre analyse fait converger les théories de l'ironie et de l'ironie au féminin, de l'« agency », du postmodernisme, de la parodie et de la métafiction. Le dialogue entre notre corpus et ces différentes approches critiques nous permet non seulement de mesurer l'impact de l'ironie sur les oeuvres en question, mais aussi de rendre compte de la portée sociale, politique et morale de la stratégie textuelle privilégiée par nos deux auteures.
L'objectif d'une telle recherche est de poursuivre la réflexion sur les différents moyens textuels utilisés par les femmes pour contester le pouvoir masculin. De plus, comme l'a fait Lucie Joubert dans son ouvrage pionnier sur l'ironie au féminin, nous souhaitons mettre en évidence le lien entre ce procédé littéraire et les différents enjeux de l'écriture des femmes. Nous désirons également montrer la pertinence de porter un tel éclairage sur deux oeuvres qui, par leur utilisation particulière de l'ironie, nous permettent de repenser la notion d'engagement féministe dans la littérature et contribuent au décloisonnement et à l'évolution des formes littéraires et des discours qui s'y chevauchent. Le tour d'horizon théorique que constitue notre premier chapitre sera suivi d'un deuxième chapitre sur The Penelopiad et d'un dernier chapitre sur Unless. Au terme de notre analyse, nous serons en mesure de mieux comprendre en quoi l'ironie au féminin, comme acte de résistance à certaines conventions sociales et littéraires, participe d'un vaste projet de féminisation du paysage idéologique et des codes de la fiction. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Margaret Atwood, The Penelopiad, Carol Shields, Unless, Ironie, Parodie, Métafiction, Féminisme, Agentivité, Postmodernisme, Littérature canadienne.
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Lefebvre, Ann. "Carol Shields : l'ordinaire et l'extraordinaire, et Antoine Bernan : les forces déformantes dans le domaine de la prose littéraire." Thesis, 2003. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/1954/1/MQ77660.pdf.
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The thesis consists of three sections which are: Carol Shields the ordinary and the extraordinary ; the translation of the short stories "Hazel" and "Hinterland" from The Orange Fish by Carol Shields; and Antoine Berman's systems of deformation in literary prose . In the first section, the author, Carol Shields, is introduced by a short biography to underscore her interests in everyday life and in women and, in the third section, Antoine Berman's theory on the analytic of translation by means of thirteen tendencies of deformation, which are inherent to translation, is presented. The analytic of translation helped the translator self-evaluate and self-revise the translation. Destruction of underlying networks of meaning is examined in detail in order to reveal the underlying text of "Hazel" by analyzing the metaphors and their keywords. Even if certain tendencies of deformation were spotted in the two short stories, by no means was it always necessarily possible to avoid them, as the translation would have been incoherent. The analytic of translation is not a recipe for translating a literary text or producing a perfect translation, but rather a reflection to help the translator validate his choices and welcome the Foreign.
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Hsieh, Yang-Wei, and 謝揚威. "The Study of Photon Exposure Buildup Factors for Single- and Multi-Layer Shields Using the MCNP Monte Carlo Code." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88858710315350745566.
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碩士慈濟技術學院
放射醫學科學研究所
103
MCNP4C and MCNP5 Monte Carlo codes are used in this study to calculate exposure buildup factors for single-layered spherical shields consisting of six kinds of different materials (air, water, concrete, aluminum, iron, and lead) at point isotropic source (0.1, 1 and 10 MeV). The thickness of shield is 1 to 10 mean free path, and the calculated results are compared with those in ANSI/ANS-6.4.3-1991 reports and reference literature. It can be seen that the results of MCNP are consistent with those of the studies which adopt Monte Carlo and similar calculation conditions. Besides, the interaction of photon and substance in ANSI/ANS-6.4.3-1991 report is excessively simplified during the physical reaction of low atomic number material, and the difference in calculated results is obvious. All of the radiation effects produced by photon and substance interaction can be considered in MCNP, so the accuracy is high when calculating the exposure buildup factor for single-layered spherical shield at point isotropic source. Concerning multi-layered shields, the variation in buildup factor is complicated. If buildup factors for single-layered spherical shields are adopted in point-kernel codes, underestimate or overestimate results are likely to be obtained. Simple and easy to use are the considerations of this study. Kalos and Modified Kalos empirical formulas of double-layered slabs at plane monodirectional source, and Lin & Jiang empirical formula of double-and multi-layered spherical shields at point source are selected to be compared with the theoretical calculated value of MCNP5 respectively, in order to verify the applicability of each empirical formula. In double-layered shield, the overall applicability and improvement of Lin & Jiang empirical formula are more significant when the energy of incident photon is 0.1 to 10 MeV. As for Kalos and Modified Kalos empirical formulas, it is likely to cause overestimation result when the energy of incident photon is 0.1 MeV and low atomic number material is linked with high atomic number material (water/lead, iron/lead) behind. When double-layered spherical shields at point isotropic source expands to multi-layered and the energy of incident photon is 0.3 to 10 MeV, the exposure buildup factors calculated values of Lin & Jiang empirical formula are more similar to the calculated results of MCNP5. If the energy of incident photon is 0.1 MeV, significant improvement can be found when comparing the results of Lin & Jiang empirical formula and those directly adopt ANSI/ANS-6.4.3-1991 exposure buildup factors. However, when comparing with MCNP5 calculated values, there is still exposure buildup factor overestimation in Lin & Jiang empirical formula for multi-layered shields material combinations, such as iron/lead and lead/iron.
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Singh, Somya. "Individuation: A Heroic Journey through the Canadian Shield." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3521.
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The thesis explores how elemental architecture in collaboration with the Shield can manifest a threshold condition in which a modern day hero myth can be enacted in the Canadian wilderness. Through the lens of Joseph Campbell, Tom Thomson and the archetypal structures of the Finns and Algonkians, a design proposal is derived for a Waterway Park in the Algonquin region that expands the mandate of the Ontario Parks System. In the realm of psychology, Carl Gustav Jung defines individuation as a universal quest that encourages facing and overcoming ones internal demons in order to live a more integrated existence. Located in Oxtongue River Ragged Falls Provincial Park, this proposed experimental pilgrimage retreat connects a series of primary and secondary paths to cabins, a sweat lodge and a chapel. This model illustrates a method of inhabiting a protected wilderness site that can be applied to existing and future Parks to inspire a condition of corporeal and spiritual rejuvenation in Ontario’s near North.
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SU, MING-FENG, and 蘇明峰. "Investigation of buildup factors and development of a new monte carlo biasing calculation for gamma-ray transport in spherical shields." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18300759807057117862.
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Hiatt, Matthew Torgerson. "TXSAMC (transport cross sections from applied Monte Carlo): a new tool for generating shielded multigroup cross sections." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1945.
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This thesis describes a tool called TXSAMC (Transport Cross Sections from
Applied Monte Carlo) that produces shielded and homogenized multigroup cross
sections for small fast reactor systems. The motivation for this tool comes from a desire
to investigate reactor systems that are not characterized well by existing tools. Proper
investigation usually requires the use of deterministic codes to characterize the timedependent
reactor behavior and to link reactor neutronics codes with thermal-hydraulics
and/or other physics codes. Deterministic codes require an accurate set of multigroup
cross section libraries. The current process for generating these libraries is time
consuming. TXSAMC offers a shorter route for generating these libraries.
TXSAMC links three external codes together to create these libraries. The code
creates an MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particle) model of the reactor and calculates the zoneaveraged
scalar flux in various tally regions and a core-averaged scalar flux tallied by
energy bin. The core-averaged scalar flux provides a weighting function for NJOY. The
zone-averaged scalar flux data is used in TRANSX for homogenization and shielding.
The code runs NJOY to produce multigroup cross sections that are tabulated by nuclide,
temperature and background cross section in MATXS (Material-wise cross section) format. This library is read by TRANSX which, in conjunction with the RZFLUX
(Regular Zone-averaged Flux) files, shields the cross sections and homogenizes them.
The result is a macroscopic cross section for the cell within the reactor from which the
RZFLUX file was written.
The cross sections produced by this process have been tested in five different
sample problems and have been shown to be reasonably accurate. For reactor cells
containing fuel pins, the typical error in the overall fission, nusigf, (n,2n), absorption and
total RRD is only a few percent and is often less than one percent. It appears that the
error is less for hexagonal lattices than for square lattices. A significant amount of error
is associated with threshold reactions like (n,2n) in the sodium coolant. For the square
lattice test problems, a reduction in error occurs when smaller tally regions are selected.
This reduction was not observed for hexagonal lattice reactors. Overall, the cross
sections produced by TXSAMC performed very well.