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Journal articles on the topic 'Carotenoid synthesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Quian-Ulloa, Rocio, and Claudia Stange. "Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Plastid Development in Plants: The Role of Light." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (2021): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031184.

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Light is an important cue that stimulates both plastid development and biosynthesis of carotenoids in plants. During photomorphogenesis or de-etiolation, photoreceptors are activated and molecular factors for carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis are induced thereof. In fruits, light is absorbed by chloroplasts in the early stages of ripening, which allows a gradual synthesis of carotenoids in the peel and pulp with the onset of chromoplasts’ development. In roots, only a fraction of light reaches this tissue, which is not required for carotenoid synthesis, but it is essential for root devel

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2

Cazzonelli, Christopher I. "Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 11 (2011): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp11192.

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Carotenoids are natural isoprenoid pigments that provide leaves, fruits, vegetables and flowers with distinctive yellow, orange and some reddish colours as well as several aromas in plants. Their bright colours serve as attractants for pollination and seed dispersal. Carotenoids comprise a large family of C40 polyenes and are synthesised by all photosynthetic organisms, aphids, some bacteria and fungi alike. In animals carotenoid derivatives promote health, improve sexual behaviour and are essential for reproduction. As such, carotenoids are commercially important in agriculture, food, health

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PFANDER, H., and B. BARTELS. "ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis. Part 3. Synthesis of Cyclic Carotenoids." ChemInform 28, no. 8 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199708284.

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PFANDER, H., and B. TRABER. "ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis. Part 2. Acyclic Carotenoids." ChemInform 28, no. 2 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199702259.

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JANSEN, F. J., and J. LUGTENBURG. "ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis. Part 6. Labeled Carotenoids." ChemInform 28, no. 6 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199706298.

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6

Cuong, Do Manh, Jae Kwang Kim, Jin Jeon, Tae Jin Kim, Jong Seok Park, and Sang Un Park. "Expression of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes and Carotenoid Biosynthesis during Seedling Development of Momordica charantia." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 3 (2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300312.

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Carotenoids belong to a large group of secondary metabolites, and have pivotal roles in plants, including photosynthesis and phytohormone synthesis, pigmentation, and membrane stabilization. Additionally, carotenoids are potent antioxidants, and their health benefits are becoming increasingly prominent. In recent years, carotenoids have been studied in many plants. Furthermore, gene expression, as well as carotenoid accumulation in different parts of the bitter melon, has been investigated; however, it has not been studied in bitter melon seedlings. In this study, carotenoid accumulation and t

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7

Línzembold, Ildikó, Dalma Czett, Katalin Böddi, et al. "Study on the Synthesis, Antioxidant Properties, and Self-Assembly of Carotenoid–Flavonoid Conjugates." Molecules 25, no. 3 (2020): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030636.

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Flavonoids and carotenoids possess beneficial physiological effects, such as high antioxidant capacity, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as protective effects against UV light. The covalent coupling of hydrophobic carotenoids with hydrophilic flavonoids, such as daidzein and chrysin, was achieved, resulting in new amphipathic structures. 7-Azidohexyl ethers of daidzein and chrysin were prepared in five steps, and their azide-alkyne [4 + 2] cycloaddition with pentynoates of 8′-apo-β-carotenol, zeaxanthin, and capsanthin afforded carotenoid–flavonoid

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Takaichi, Shinichi, Takashi Maoka, Kazuto Takasaki, and Satoshi Hanada. "Carotenoids of Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (Gemmatimonadetes): identification of a novel carotenoid, deoxyoscillol 2-rhamnoside, and proposed biosynthetic pathway of oscillol 2,2′-dirhamnoside." Microbiology 156, no. 3 (2010): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.034249-0.

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Gemmatimonas aurantiaca strain T-27T is an orange-coloured, Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, polyphosphate-accumulating bacterium belonging to a recently proposed phylum, Gemmatimonadetes. We purified its pigments and identified them as carotenoids and their glycoside derivatives using spectral data. The major carotenoid was (2S,2′S)-oscillol 2,2′-di-(α-l-rhamnoside), and the minor carotenoids were (2S)-deoxyoscillol 2-(α-l-rhamnoside) and didemethylspirilloxanthin. Deoxyoscillol2-rhamnoside is a novel carotenoid. Oscillol 2,2′-diglycosides have hitherto only been reported in a limited nu

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9

Kiokias, S., C. Proestos, and T. Varzakas. "A Review of the Structure, Biosynthesis, Absorption of Carotenoids-Analysis and Properties of their Common Natural Extracts." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 4, no. 1 (2015): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.4.special-issue1.03.

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Carotenoids are a class of natural pigments familiar to all through the orange-red colours of popular foods like oranges, tomatoes and carrots and the yellow colour of many flowers. They have been studied for a number of years because of their diverse roles in photobiology, photochemistry and photo medicine. Carotenoids are also added as colorants to many manufactured foods, drinks, and animal feeds, either in the forms of natural extracts (e.g annatto, paprika or marigold extracts) or as pure compounds manufactured by chemical synthesis. Carotenoids are often described as provitamins A, as th

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10

Ernst, Hansgeorg. "Recent advances in industrial carotenoid synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 8 (2002): 1369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274081369.

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Symmetrical C40-carotenoids are efficiently produced by double Wittig olefination of the corrresponding C15-phosphonium salts with C10-dialdehyde. Industrial syntheses of lycopene-, astaxanthin-, and (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin-C15-phosphonium salts are discussed. An efficient route to a monoprotected C10-dialdehyde for the synthesis of unsymmetrical C40-carotenoids is presented. Primary polyene allyl alcohols can be converted to the corresponding aldehydes by "TEMPO" oxidation. A high-yield synthesis of meso-zeaxanthin as an example for syntheses of unsymmetrical carotenoids is presented.

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García-Cerdán, José G., Eva M. Schmid, Tomomi Takeuchi, et al. "Chloroplast Sec14-like 1 (CPSFL1) is essential for normal chloroplast development and affects carotenoid accumulation inChlamydomonas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 22 (2020): 12452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916948117.

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Plastid isoprenoid-derived carotenoids serve essential roles in chloroplast development and photosynthesis. Although nearly all enzymes that participate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids in plants have been identified, the complement of auxiliary proteins that regulate synthesis, transport, sequestration, and degradation of these molecules and their isoprenoid precursors have not been fully described. To identify such proteins that are necessary for the optimal functioning of oxygenic photosynthesis, we screened a large collection of nonphotosynthetic (acetate-requiring) DNA insertional mutan

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12

PFANDER, H. "ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis. Asymmetric Syntheses." ChemInform 28, no. 6 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199706303.

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Novoveská, Lucie, Michael E. Ross, Michele S. Stanley, Rémi Pradelles, Virginie Wasiolek, and Jean-François Sassi. "Microalgal Carotenoids: A Review of Production, Current Markets, Regulations, and Future Direction." Marine Drugs 17, no. 11 (2019): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110640.

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Microalgae produce a variety of compounds that are beneficial to human and animal health. Among these compounds are carotenoids, which are microalgal pigments with unique antioxidant and coloring properties. The objective of this review is to evaluate the potential of using microalgae as a commercial feedstock for carotenoid production. While microalgae can produce some of the highest concentrations of carotenoids (especially astaxanthin) in living organisms, there are challenges associated with the mass production of microalgae and downstream processing of carotenoids. This review discusses t

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14

Frengova, Ginka I., Simova D. Emilina, and Dora M. Beshkova. "Carotenoid Production by Lactoso-Negative Yeasts Co-Cultivated with Lactic Acid Bacteria in Whey Ultrafiltrate." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 58, no. 7-8 (2003): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-7-820.

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Two strains were selected - the lactoso-negative yeast Rhodotorula rubra GED2 and the homofermentative Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei Ha1 for co-cultivation in cheese whey ultrafiltrate (WU) and active synthesis of carotenoids. Under conditions of intensive aeration (1.0 l/1 min, 220 rpm), a temperature of 30 °C, WU with 55.0 g lactose/l, initial pH = 5.5, the carotenoid content in the cells reached a maximum, when the growth of the cultures had come to an end, i.e. in the stationary phase of the yeast. The maxima for dry cell accumulation (27.0 g/l) and carotenoid formation (12.1 mg/l cultu

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15

Nasirian, Nima, Maryam Mirzaie, Nazim Cicek, and David B. Levin. "Lipid and carotenoid synthesis by Rhodosporidium diobovatum, grown on glucose versus glycerol, and its biodiesel properties." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 4 (2018): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0613.

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Relationships between lipid and carotenoid synthesis by Rhodosporidium diobovatum were investigated for cell cultures in nitrogen-limited medium (GMY) containing equimolar amounts of carbon of glucose or glycerol. The cultures were also supplemented with additional substrate at 120 h postinoculation (pi) and during a fed-batch experiment. Growth of R. diobovatum on glucose resulted in higher yields of triacyglycerides (TAGs) and carotenoid than when grown on glycerol, even though the cultures contained equimolar amounts of carbon. After the addition of fresh substrate at 120 h pi, total carote

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Alder, Adrian, Iris Holdermann, Peter Beyer, and Salim Al-Babili. "Carotenoid oxygenases involved in plant branching catalyse a highly specific conserved apocarotenoid cleavage reaction." Biochemical Journal 416, no. 2 (2008): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20080568.

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Recent studies with the high-tillering mutants in rice (Oryza sativa), the max (more axillary growth) mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana and the rms (ramosus) mutants in pea (Pisum sativum) have indicated the presence of a novel plant hormone that inhibits branching in an auxin-dependent manner. The synthesis of this inhibitor is initiated by the two CCDs [carotenoid-cleaving (di)oxygenases] OsCCD7/OsCCD8b, MAX3/MAX4 and RMS5/RMS1 in rice, Arabidopsis and pea respectively. MAX3 and MAX4 are thought to catalyse the successive cleavage of a carotenoid substrate yielding an apocarotenoid that, possi

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17

Sandmann, Gerhard. "Photoregulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Mutants of Neurospora crassa: Activities of Enzymes Involved in the Synthesis and Conversion of Phytoene." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, no. 7-8 (1993): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-7-807.

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Synthesis of carotenoids is photoregulated in many fungi including Neurospora crassa. In order to investigate the regulatory mechanism at the enzyme level, several carotenoid mutants of Neurospora were used to determine the activities of enzymes involved in the carotenoid bio synthetic pathway after growth under illumination or in darkness. Light stimulation of carotenoid formation was due to enhanced activities of three subsequent enzymes, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, and phytoene desaturase indicating a coordinated regulation at the enzyme level. Farnesyl pyropho

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18

Sliwka, H. R., Jonina F. Johannesdóttir, Johannes Reynisson, et al. "Selenium Carotenoids. III: First Synthesis of Optically Active Carotenoid Phosphates." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 51 (1997): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.51-0345.

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19

Bryon, Astrid, Andre H. Kurlovs, Wannes Dermauw, et al. "Disruption of a horizontally transferred phytoene desaturase abolishes carotenoid accumulation and diapause in Tetranychus urticae." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 29 (2017): E5871—E5880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706865114.

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Carotenoids underlie many of the vibrant yellow, orange, and red colors in animals, and are involved in processes ranging from vision to protection from stresses. Most animals acquire carotenoids from their diets because de novo synthesis of carotenoids is primarily limited to plants and some bacteria and fungi. Recently, sequencing projects in aphids and adelgids, spider mites, and gall midges identified genes with homology to fungal sequences encoding de novo carotenoid biosynthetic proteins like phytoene desaturase. The finding of horizontal gene transfers of carotenoid biosynthetic genes t

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20

Mayer, H. "Reflections on carotenoid synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 66, no. 5 (1994): 931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199466050931.

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21

Sharpe, Pamela L., Deana DiCosimo, Melissa D. Bosak, et al. "Use of Transposon Promoter-Probe Vectors in the Metabolic Engineering of the Obligate Methanotroph Methylomonas sp. Strain 16a for Enhanced C40 Carotenoid Synthesis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 6 (2007): 1721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01332-06.

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ABSTRACT The recent expansion of genetic and genomic tools for metabolic engineering has accelerated the development of microorganisms for the industrial production of desired compounds. We have used transposable elements to identify chromosomal locations in the obligate methanotroph Methylomonas sp. strain 16a that support high-level expression of genes involved in the synthesis of the C40 carotenoids canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. with three promoterless carotenoid transposons, five chromosomal locations—the fliCS, hsdM, ccp-3, cysH, and nirS regions—were identified. Total carotenoid synthes

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22

LANZ, M., and H. PFANDER. "ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis. List of Naturally Occurring Carotenoids Prepared by Total Synthesis." ChemInform 28, no. 2 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199702262.

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Chekanov, Konstantin, Daniil Litvinov, Tatiana Fedorenko, Olga Chivkunova та Elena Lobakova. "Combined Production of Astaxanthin and β-Carotene in a New Strain of the Microalga Bracteacoccus aggregatus BM5/15 (IPPAS C-2045) Cultivated in Photobioreactor". Biology 10, № 7 (2021): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070643.

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Carotenoids astaxanthin and β-carotene are widely used natural antioxidants. They are key components of functional food, cosmetics, drugs and animal feeding. They hold leader positions on the world carotenoid market. In current work, we characterize the new strain of the green microalga Bracteacoccus aggregatus BM5/15 and propose the method of its culturing in a bubble-column photobioreactor for simultaneous production of astaxanthin and β-carotene. Culture was monitored by light microscopy and pigment kinetics. Fatty acid profile was evaluated by tandem gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry. P

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Laje, Kelly, Mark Seger, Barry Dungan, Peter Cooke, Juergen Polle, and F. Holguin. "Phytoene Accumulation in the Novel Microalga Chlorococcum sp. Using the Pigment Synthesis Inhibitor Fluridone." Marine Drugs 17, no. 3 (2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17030187.

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Carotenoids are lipophilic pigments found in plants and algae, as well as some bacteria, archaea, and fungi that serve two functions—(1) as light harvesting molecules—primary carotenoids, and (2) as antioxidants, acting against reactive oxygen species–secondary carotenoids. Because of their strong antioxidant properties, they are also valuable for the development of anti-aging and photo-protective cosmetic applications. Of particular interest is the carotenoid phytoene, for its colorless and UV absorption characteristics. In this study, we targeted a reduction of phytoene desaturase (PDS) acti

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Provvedi, Roberta, Dana Kocíncová, Valentina Donà, et al. "SigF Controls Carotenoid Pigment Production and Affects Transformation Efficiency and Hydrogen Peroxide Sensitivity in Mycobacterium smegmatis." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 23 (2008): 7859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00714-08.

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ABSTRACT Carotenoids are complex lipids that are known for acting against photodynamic injury and free radicals. We demonstrate here that σF is required for carotenoid pigment production in Mycobacterium smegmatis. We further show that a sigF mutant exhibits a transformation efficiency 104-fold higher than that of the parental strain, suggesting that σF regulates the production of components affecting cell wall permeability. In addition, a sigF mutant showed an increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. An in silico search of the M. smegmatis genome identified a number of SigF consensus sites

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PAUST, J. "ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis. Part 7. Technical Syntheses." ChemInform 28, no. 6 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199706299.

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Kajikawa, Takayuki, Naoko Iguchi, and Shigeo Katsumura. "Olefin metathesis in carotenoid synthesis." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 7, no. 22 (2009): 4586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b915390j.

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28

Pfander, H., B. Traber, and Marc Lanz. "Carotenoid synthesis: A progress report." Pure and Applied Chemistry 69, no. 10 (1997): 2047–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199769102047.

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29

Frengova, Ginka I., Emilina D. Simova та Dora M. Beshkova. "β-Carotene-Rich Carotenoid-Protein Preparation and Exopolysaccharide Production by Rhodotorula rubra GED8 Grown with a Yogurt Starter Culture". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, № 7-8 (2006): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-7-817.

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The underlying method for obtaining a β-carotene-rich carotenoid-protein preparation and exopolysaccharides is the associated cultivation of the carotenoid-synthesizing lactose-negative yeast strain Rhodotorula rubra GED8 with the yogurt starter culture (Lactobacillus bulgaricus 2-11 + Streptococcus thermophilus 15HA) in whey ultrafiltrate (45 g lactose/l) with a maximum carotenoid yield of 13.37 mg/l culture fluid on the 4.5th day. The chemical composition of the carotenoid-protein preparation has been identified. The respective carotenoid and protein content is 497.4 μg/g dry cells and 50.3%

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Olayide, Priscilla, Annabel Large, Linnea Stridh, et al. "Gene Expression and Metabolite Profiling of Thirteen Nigerian Cassava Landraces to Elucidate Starch and Carotenoid Composition." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (2020): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030424.

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The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa necessitates effective approaches to improve provitamin A content of major staple crops. Cassava holds much promise for food security in sub-Saharan Africa, but a negative correlation between β-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, and dry matter content has been reported, which poses a challenge to cassava biofortification by conventional breeding. To identify suitable material for genetic transformation in tissue culture with the overall aim to increase β-carotene and maintain starch content as well as better understand carotenoid c

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Cunningham, Francis X. "Regulation of carotenoid synthesis and accumulation in plants." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 8 (2002): 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274081409.

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Although genes that encode most enzymes of the carotenoid pathway in higher plants have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms that govern the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoid pigments are still obscure. Recent findings relevant to two aspects of carotenoid pathway control are reviewed: availability of substrate and pathway branching. Experimental approaches that are likely to enhance our understanding of carotenoid pathway regulation are also described.

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Leyton, Allison, Liset Flores, Carolina Shene, et al. "Antarctic Thraustochytrids as Sources of Carotenoids and High-Value Fatty Acids." Marine Drugs 19, no. 7 (2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19070386.

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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and carotenoids are needed as human dietary supplements and are essential components in commercial feeds for the production of aquacultured seafood. Microorganisms such as thraustochytrids are potential natural sources of these compounds. This research reports on the lipid and carotenoid production capacity of thraustochytrids that were isolated from coastal waters of Antarctica. Of the 22 isolates, 21 produced lipids containing EPA+DHA, and the amount of these fatty acids exceeded 20% of the total fatty acids in 12 isolates. Ten isolate

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ITO, M. "ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis. Part 4. Synthesis of Acetylenic, Allenic, and In- Chain Substituted Carotenoids." ChemInform 28, no. 6 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199706296.

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Mayfield, S. P., T. Nelson, W. C. Taylor, and R. Malkin. "Carotenoid synthesis and pleiotropic effects in carotenoid-deficient seedlings of maize." Planta 169, no. 1 (1986): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01369771.

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35

Rebelo, Bárbara A., Sara Farrona, M. Rita Ventura, and Rita Abranches. "Canthaxanthin, a Red-Hot Carotenoid: Applications, Synthesis, and Biosynthetic Evolution." Plants 9, no. 8 (2020): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9081039.

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Carotenoids are a class of pigments with a biological role in light capture and antioxidant activities. High value ketocarotenoids, such as astaxanthin and canthaxanthin, are highly appealing for applications in human nutraceutical, cosmetic, and animal feed industries due to their color- and health-related properties. In this review, recent advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology towards the production of ketocarotenoids, in particular the red-orange canthaxanthin, are highlighted. Also reviewed and discussed are the properties of canthaxanthin, its natural producers, and vari

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Koizumi, Jiro, Naoki Takatani, Noritoki Kobayashi, et al. "Carotenoid Profiling of a Red Seaweed Pyropia yezoensis: Insights into Biosynthetic Pathways in the Order Bangiales." Marine Drugs 16, no. 11 (2018): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16110426.

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Carotenoids are natural pigments that contribute to light harvesting and photo-protection in photosynthetic organisms. In this study, we analyzed the carotenoid profiles, including mono-hydroxy and epoxy-carotenoids, in the economically valuable red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis, to clarify the detailed biosynthetic and metabolic pathways in the order Bangiales. P. yezoensis contained lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene, as major carotenoids in both the thallus and conchocelis stages. Monohydroxy intermediate carotenoids for the synthesis of lutein with an ε-ring from α-carotene, α-cryp

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Hloušek-Radojčić, A., and N. Ljubešić. "The Development of Daffodil Chromoplasts in the Presence of Herbicides SAN 9789 and SAN 9785." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 5-6 (1988): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-5-616.

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The effects of two pyridazinone herbicides (SAN 9789 and SAN 9785) were studied on the fine structure and carotenoid composition during the transformation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts in daffodil (Narcissus poëticus L.) flowers. SAN 9789 caused the absence of big characteristic carotene crystals and the appearance of numerous nonosmiophilic plastoglobuli in chromoplasts. The accumulation of all carotenoids was drastically reduced and the content of carotenes was 40-fold lower than in the control. SAN 9785 caused no gross abnormalities in ultrastructure of chromoplasts. The synthesis of ca

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Gan, Han Ming, Bolaji N. Thomas, Nicole T. Cavanaugh, et al. "Whole genome sequencing of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the chewing stick (Distemonanthus benthamianus): insights into Rhodotorula phylogeny, mitogenome dynamics and carotenoid biosynthesis." PeerJ 5 (November 14, 2017): e4030. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4030.

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In industry, the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is commonly used for the production of carotenoids. The production of carotenoids is important because they are used as natural colorants in food and some carotenoids are precursors of retinol (vitamin A). However, the identification and molecular characterization of the carotenoid pathway/s in species belonging to the genus Rhodotorula is scarce due to the lack of genomic information thus potentially impeding effective metabolic engineering of these yeast strains for improved carotenoid production. In this study, we report the isolation, identif

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PFANDER, H. "ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis. Synthesis Ex Chiral Pool." ChemInform 28, no. 6 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199706304.

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Férézou, J. P., and M. Julia. "Synthesis of bacterial C50 carotenoid sarcinaxanthin." Tetrahedron 46, no. 2 (1990): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85431-4.

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41

MANCHAND, P. S. "ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis. Organometallic Reactions." ChemInform 28, no. 2 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199702261.

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OTERA, J. "ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis. Sulfone Coupling." ChemInform 28, no. 6 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199706302.

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MAYER, H. "ChemInform Abstract: Reflections on Carotenoid Synthesis." ChemInform 25, no. 40 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199440286.

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Ernst, Hansgeorg. "Recent advances in industrial carotenoid synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 11 (2002): 2213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274112213.

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Ito, Masayoshi, Yumiko Yamano, Chisato Tode, and Akimori Wada. "Carotenoid synthesis: Retrospect and recent progress." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 483, no. 2 (2009): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2008.11.021.

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SLIWKA, H. R. "ChemInform Abstract: Selenium Carotenoids. Part 3. First Synthesis of Optically Active Carotenoid Phosphates." ChemInform 28, no. 25 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199725182.

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Rai, Ashutosh Kumar, Ashutosh Prakash Dubey, Santosh Kumar, et al. "Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Are Regulated by a Network of Multiple Cascades of Alternative Sigma Factors in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 21 (2016): 2955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00460-16.

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ABSTRACTCarotenoids constitute an important component of the defense system against photooxidative stress in bacteria. InAzospirillum brasilenseSp7, a nonphotosynthetic rhizobacterium, carotenoid synthesis is controlled by a pair of extracytoplasmic function sigma factors (RpoEs) and their cognate zinc-binding anti-sigma factors (ChrRs). Its genome harbors two copies of the gene encoding geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (CrtE), the first critical step in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in bacteria. Inactivation of each of twocrtEparalogs found inA. brasilensecaused reduction in carote

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Barry, Graham H., and Smit le Roux. "Preharvest Foliar Sprays of Prohexadione–calcium, a Gibberellin-biosynthesis Inhibitor, Induce Chlorophyll Degradation and Carotenoid Synthesis in Citrus Rinds." HortScience 45, no. 2 (2010): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.2.242.

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Rind color is an important cosmetic preference of consumers when purchasing citrus fruit. As citrus fruit mature, a decrease in chlorophyll concentration unmasks the presence of carotenoid pigments followed by further synthesis of carotenoids, resulting in the first appearance of the characteristic orange color of mandarins and sweet oranges. Factors contributing to invigorating growing conditions are antagonistic to optimal rind color development and tree vegetative vigor as well as high gibberellin and cytokinin levels are also thought to adversely affect rind color. Thus, a method to increa

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Netzer, Roman, Marit H. Stafsnes, Trygve Andreassen, Audun Goksøyr, Per Bruheim та Trygve Brautaset. "Biosynthetic Pathway for γ-Cyclic Sarcinaxanthin in Micrococcus luteus: Heterologous Expression and Evidence for Diverse and Multiple Catalytic Functions of C50 Carotenoid Cyclases". Journal of Bacteriology 192, № 21 (2010): 5688–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00724-10.

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ABSTRACT We report the cloning and characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster (crtE, crtB, crtI, crtE2, crtYg, crtYh, and crtX) of the γ-cyclic C50 carotenoid sarcinaxanthin in Micrococcus luteus NCTC2665. Expression of the complete and partial gene cluster in Escherichia coli hosts revealed that sarcinaxanthin biosynthesis from the precursor molecule farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) proceeds via C40 lycopene, C45 nonaflavuxanthin, C50 flavuxanthin, and C50 sarcinaxanthin. Glucosylation of sarcinaxanthin was accomplished by the crtX gene product. This is the first report describing the bios

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Cogdell, Richard J. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 8 (2006): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20067808iv.

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The 14th International Symposium on Carotenoids was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK 17-22 July 2005, under the chairmanship of Dr. George Britton. The International Symposium on Carotenoids is the official symposium for the International Carotenoid Society (http://carotenoidsociety.org), which supported the symposium as did IUPAC. Financial support was gratefully received from DSM Nutritional Products, BASF Ag, Cognis Deutschland, Fuji Chemical Company Ltd., Inexa Industria Extractora CA, Valensa International, Nu Skin International Inc., Cargill Inc., The Alcon Foundation Inc., Kemin Health,

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