Academic literature on the topic 'Carpelle'
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Journal articles on the topic "Carpelle"
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De-Paula, Orlando Cavalari, and Denise Maria Trombert Oliveira. "Variação da estrutura carpelar em seis espécies de Cassiinae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)." Acta Botanica Brasilica 21, no. 4 (2007): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062007000400016.
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Estudos estruturais sobre carpelos são raros, embora de grande importância como subsídios para análises taxonômicas e filogenéticas. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de analisar morfoanatomicamente os carpelos de seis espécies da subtribo Cassiinae, grupo em que a literatura tem registrado significativa diversidade estrutural carpelar, analisando-os sob o ponto de vista evolutivo. Para tanto, os carpelos de flores em antese foram fixados e processados segundo as técnicas de inclusão em metacrilato. Apesar de diferenças específicas serem registradas, observou-se um padrão estrutural típico das Leguminosae, especialmente em características morfológicas gerais, como: gineceu unicarpelar, unilocular, pluriovulado e estipitado, com placentação sutural e óvulos anátropos, bitegumentados e crassinucelados. A presença de epiderme na região sutural, conectando as faces abaxial e adaxial é reconhecida como caráter ancestral. Este aspecto foi verificado nas seis espécies estudadas, indicando que o fechamento do carpelo é ontogenético e que produz estrutura variável com relação à manutenção da epiderme entre as faces carpelares.
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LI, XIN-HUA, WEN ZHOU, JIA-CHENG GUO, and XIAO-MING YIN. "Phytolacca yunnanensis (Phytolaccaceae), a new species from China with distinctive inflorescence characteristics." Phytotaxa 446, no. 1 (2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.1.6.
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Phytolacca yunnanensis is described and illustrated as a new species from Yunnan Province, China. This new species is characterized by the distinctive dense translucent multicellular trichomes along the peduncles, raches, and pedicels of both racemose inflorescences and infructescences. These translucent multicellular trichomes, which were revealed by using stereomicroscope and SEM, represents the first discovery in the genus Phytolacca. P. yunnanensis resembles P. acinosa in sharing the free carpels, but differs by the 4-5-carpellate gynoecia. P. yunnanensis is also similar to P. exiensis by the number of carpels, but can be easily distinguished from the latter in having free carpels.
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Alvarez, J., and D. R. Smyth. "CRABS CLAW and SPATULA, two Arabidopsis genes that control carpel development in parallel with AGAMOUS." Development 126, no. 11 (1999): 2377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.11.2377.
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To help understand the process of carpel morphogenesis, the roles of three carpel development genes have been partitioned genetically. Mutants of CRABS CLAW cause the gynoecium to develop into a wider but shorter structure, and the two carpels are unfused at the apex. Mutants of a second gene, SPATULA, show reduced growth of the style, stigma, and septum, and the transmitting tract is absent. Double mutants of crabs claw and spatula with homeotic mutants that develop ectopic carpels demonstrate that CRABS CLAW and SPATULA are necessary for, and inseparable from, carpel development, and that their action is negatively regulated by A and B organ identity genes. The third carpel gene studied, AGAMOUS, encodes C function that has been proposed to fully specify carpel identity. When AGAMOUS function is removed together with the A class gene APETALA2, however, the organs retain many carpelloid properties, suggesting that other genes are also involved. We show here that further mutant disruption of both CRABS CLAW and SPATULA function removes remaining carpelloid properties, revealing that the three genes together are necessary to generate the mature gynoecium. In particular, AGAMOUS is required to specify the identity of the carpel wall and to promote the stylar outgrowth at the apex, CRABS CLAW suppresses radial growth of the developing gynoecium but promotes its longitudinal growth, and SPATULA supports development of the carpel margins and tissues derived from them. The three genes mostly act independently, although there is genetic evidence that CRABS CLAW enhances AGAMOUS and SPATULA function.
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Liang, Jinjun, Pingyin Guan, Zhenhua Liu, Yan Wang, Jiayi Xing, and Jianfang Hu. "The VvSUPERMAN-like Gene Is Differentially Expressed between Bicarpellate and Tricarpellate Florets of Vitis vinifera L. Cv. ‘Xiangfei’ and Its Heterologous Expression Reduces Carpel Number in Tomato." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 10 (2020): 1760–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa103.
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Abstract Multicarpellate fruits are larger and produce more seeds than mono- or bicarpellate fruits, enhancing the reproductive capacity of the plant. To identify the phenotypic and molecular differences among florets of different carpel types, we studied carpel formation and fusion in the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivar ‘Xiangfei’, which produces a high proportion of multicarpellate fruit. We also determined the function of VvSUPERMAN-like (VvSUP-like) and explored its relationship with VvWUS (VvWUSCHEL) and VvAG1 (VvAGAMOUS), which is related to the formation of carpel primordia. We showed that carpel formation and fusion were largely consistent between bicarpellate and tricarpellate ovaries, which both involve congenital fusion; rather, the differences between these ovary types arose from variation in carpel primordia number and location. Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants expressing VvSUP-like produced significantly fewer carpels and other floral organs than the wild type. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing results indicate that VvSUP-like was more highly expressed in bicarpellate than in tricarpellate ‘Xiangfei’ florets. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that VvSUP-like inhibits the expression of VvAG1 and VvWUS by directly binding to their promoters, and VvWUS promotes VvAG1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. VvSUP-like inhibits the feedback signaling between VvWUS and VvAG1. Together, these results suggest that VvSUP-like negatively regulates the number of carpels that develop by inhibiting VvAG1 and VvWUS expression.
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Guo, Jinyan, and Chad T. Halson. "Developmental sequence of the syncarpous gynoecium of Sarracenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae) with flattened and broadened carpels and an umbrella-shaped style." Botany 98, no. 8 (2020): 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2020-0011.
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The umbrella-shaped style of Sarracenia has a flattened and broadened distal half forming an umbrella canopy, and a slender cylindrical proximal half forming an umbrella stalk. The developmental sequence that gives rise to this unique structure has never been studied in detail. Data from light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that the five carpels are initiated as discrete primordia, which then undergo congenital fusion and conduplicate folding and become a pentagonal syncarpous gynoecium. The distal region of the carpel then bends abaxially and undergoes significant expansion via a marginal meristem, forming the umbrella shape. Carpel closure is achieved via postgenital fusion at both transverse and longitudinal slits. Each of the five pollen tube transmitting tracts is enclosed by the adaxial surface of the carpel, and the inner epidermis of the umbrella canopy represents the expanded abaxial surface of the carpels, whereas the outer epidermis represents the expanded distal region of the fused carpellary margins. Epidermal trichomes develop first, then secretory glands and stomata appear later at the same stage on the umbrella canopy. This study provides insights into the evolution of the umbrella-shaped style utilizing both common and specialized carpel developmental programs with a novel spatial and temporal pattern.
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Omokanye, B. S. "Chlorophytum sabiense (Asparagaceae): A new speices from Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 12 (2021): 2095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i12.14.
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Chlorophytum Ker-Gawl. is a monocotyledonous perennial herb. Its perennating organ is rhizome which may be tuberous or not. The genus like other Liliales is characterized by having tricarpellay syncarpous ovary. In the present study, samples of the species collected from the North Central part of Nigeria and used for this study, were observed to have multiple carpels fused at the base and with free styles. This is the main diagnostic feature of the newly identified species. Multicarpellary syncarpous ovary is not only new for the genus but also for the tribe Asphodeleae of Hutchinson's system. The carpels consist of; 3 with long free styles and 3 with short free styles. Placentation is axile, with three chambers, suggesting carpellode situation in few of its carpels. The new taxon is therefore named Chlorophytum sabiense. Omokanye, sp. nov. TYPE: Nigeria, Sabi
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Boubes, Chafika, and Denis Barabé. "Développement de l'inflorescence et des fleurs du Philodendron acutatum Schott (Araceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 6 (1996): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-113.
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The inflorescence of Philodendron acutatum possesses female flowers in the inferior part and male flowers in the distal part. The male flowers possess from three to six stamens, rarely seven to nine. The female flowers possess a multilocular ovary comprising from 8 to 12 locules. Each locule corresponds to a closed carpel. The stylar canals remain separate up to the upper part of the gynoecium. In this inflorescence, one observes an intermediary zone comprising bisexual flowers with fused or free carpels and stamens, inserted in the same whorl. Generally, the portion of the bisexual flower facing the male zone is formed by stamens, and that facing the female zone is formed by an incomplete gynoecium comprising few carpels. The separation between the two parts of a bisexual flower is generally clear; however, in rare cases, a stamen appears between two carpels, or a carpel between two stamens. Nevertheless, in all cases, the different flower parts are inserted on the same whorl. The presence of bisexual flowers corresponds probably to a morphogenetic gradient at the level of the overall inflorescence. The genes controlling the expression of flower sex are probably governed by chemical processes that act at the level of the overall inflorescence. Keywords: morphogenesis, gradient, flower, development, inflorescence.
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ZHANG, XIN, ZHIXIANG ZHANG, and ZHONG ZHAO. "Floral ontogeny of Illicium Lanceolatum (Schisandraceae) and its implications on carpel homology." Phytotaxa 416, no. 3 (2019): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.416.3.1.
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There are two competing hypotheses for the origin of carpels. The traditional hypothesis favors a phyllosporous origin and regards a conduplicate carpel as an ancestral form that is the result of longitudinal folding of a leaf bearing ovules along its margins. Alternatively, the carpel formation is interpreted as the result of a fusion between an ovule-bearing branch and its subtending leaf-like structure. Illicium is a member of the Austrobaileyales, which are one of the three ANA lines that diverged before all other extant angiosperms. This genus with apocarpous gynoecium has various ancestral morphological characteristics in terms of carpel, ovule, and floral apex. Although various aspects of Illicium morphology have been previously investigated, many evolutionary characteristics remain poorly understood. In this study, the development of carpel, ovule, and floral apex of I. lanceolatum was studied using LM and SEM. The results showed that the ovule primordium originates in the axillary position between the flower axis and carpel wall. So the carpel of Illicium is a leaf-like structure that encircles the ovule. This kind of carpel favors the carpel as a result of fusion between two parts, ovule-bearing branch and its subtending leaf-like structure.
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Charlton, W. A. "Studies in the Alismataceae. IX. Development of the flower in Ranalisma humile." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 12 (1991): 2790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-349.
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The solitary flower of Ranalisma humile has three sepals, three petals, 8–12 stamens, and numerous carpels. The first six stamens appear to arise in pairs associated with the petal primordia. With respect to the perianth and the first six stamens, the flower conforms to the basic trimerous pattern detected in other Alismatalean flowers, but it differs in other aspects of development. Organogenesis is unidirectional during the period of sepal and petal initiation, since both sepal and petal initiation occur first on the same side of the flower bud. After the initiation of the first six stamens there is no evidence that subsequent organs are initiated in any semblance of a trimerous pattern. The transition from stamen to carpel initiation occurs at some point after the initiation of the first six stamens, but it does not occur at a fixed point. There are six organogenetic sites above and alternating with the first six stamens, and these may be occupied indifferently by stamen or carpel primorida. The sequence of initiation of further carpel primordia is hard to define, but ultimately carpels appear to be arranged spirally. The features of floral organogenesis are discussed in relation to the position of Ranalisma among the Alismatales. Key words: flower, organogenesis, symmetry, unidirectional development, Ranalisma, Alismataceae, Alismatales.
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Zhou, Qingyuan, Yinzheng Wang, and Xiaobai Jin. "Ontogeny of floral organs and morphology of floral apex in Phellodendron amurense (Rutaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 5 (2002): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02015.
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The ontogeny of floral organs and the morphology of floral apex in the dioecious Phellodendron amurense Rupr. were investigated by light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Investigations indicated that P. amurense is hermaphroditic in its organisation and a common set of floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens and carpels) arise in all flowers during the early stages of development. Later, selective abortion of gynoecium and androecium occurs resulting in dimorphic unisexual flowers. The carpels in male flower buds become different from those in female flower buds soon after their initiation. The stamens of female flowers are not differentiated into anthers and filaments before abortion. The poorly differentiated carpel of male flowers never develops normal structures. Floral morphological evidence supports that Zanthoxylum, Tetradium and Phellodendron are related to one another in a linear sequence. LSCM revealed some interesting features on the apical meristem surface such as zonal differentiation, a triangular or sectorial cell, radiating cell files and linear rows of anticlinal cell walls fluorescing relatively brightly. The concept of carpel-enhancing meristem in the floral apex is tentatively proposed to account for the different fates of carpel development in male and female flowers in P. amurense.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carpelle"
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Fourquin, Chloé. "Etude de l'évolution et du développement du carpelle." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSL0320.
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Andres-Robin, Amélie. "Rôle d'ETTIN/ARF3 dans le développement du carpelle chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683741.
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L'auxine est une hormone végétale impliquée dans le développement du gynécée. La réponse à l'auxine dépend majoritairement de deux familles protéiques : les ARF (Auxin Response Factors) et les Aux/IAA. Les ARF sont des facteurs de transcription qui régulent la transcription des gènes de réponse à l'auxine, tandis que les Aux/IAA inhibent l'activité transcriptionnelle des ARF par dimérisation. En présence d'auxine, les Aux/IAA sont dégradés et libèrent les ARF. Au cours de ma thèse, je me suis focalisée sur deux proches paralogues ETTIN/ARF3 et ARF4 impliqués dans le développement du gynécée chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Parmi les cibles directes d'ETT identifiées dans l'équipe, 2 catégories ont retenu notre attention : des gènes impliqués dans la voie de signalisation de l'auxine et des gènes codant des enzymes de remodelage de la paroi. Mon projet a consisté à essayer de comprendre l'implication de ces régulations transcriptionnelles dans le développement du gynécée. Dans une première partie, j'ai étudié la signalisation de l'auxine dans le développement du gynécée, puis l'implication d'ETT dans cette signalisation. Dans une deuxième partie, j'ai confirmé la répression par ETT, des cibles identifiées. Nous avons montré qu'ETT induit la déméthylation des pectines en inhibant les inhibiteurs de pectine méthylestérase. De plus, j'ai montré qu'ETT et ARF4 agiraient de façon redondante pour contrôler positivement la croissance du gynécée. Dans une troisième partie, j'ai abordé l'analyse des domaines fonctionnels du facteur de transcription CRABS CLAW, également impliqué dans le développement du gynécée. En conclusion, mes travaux de thèse apportent une nouvelle vision sur le rôle de la signalisation de l'auxine au cours du développement du gynécée et montrent l'importance du remodelage de la paroi dans la morphogénèse des organes.
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Hamant, Olivier. "Analyse fonctionnelle du gène à homéoboîte KNAT2 d'Arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066151.
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Finet, Cédric. "Rôle des familles géniques YABBY et ARF dans la mise en place du carpelle au cours de l'évolution." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340441.
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L'apparition de la fleur a nécessité trois événements majeurs: (i) le regroupement des organes reproducteurs mâles et femelles sur un même axe, (ii) l'internalisation des ovules au sein d'un organe: le carpelle, (iii) la mise en place de pièces stériles en périphérie des organes reproducteurs. Ce travail de thèse consiste en l'identification d'événements moléculaires à l'origine du carpelle. Les gènes ARF3 et ARF4 jouent un rôle clé dans le développement du carpelle chez l'espèce modèle Arabidopsis thaliana. La reconstruction de l'histoire évolutive de ces gènes a permis de montrer qu'ils résultaient d'une duplication dans le lignage menant aux angiospermes. Leurs structures indiquent qu'ils ont évolué par perte de certains domaines protéiques, ceci de manière indépendante dans les lignages ARF3 ou ARF4. Ces changements dans la partie codante constituent un mode d'évolution généralisable à l'ensemble des embryophytes. La famille génique YABBY intervient dans l'établissement de la polarité adadiale-abaxiale des organes latéraux. En particulier, les gènes CRC et INO constituent respectivement deux marqueurs moléculaires du carpelle et de l'ovule. L'étude préliminaire de cette famille semble indiquer l'absence du gène CRC chez les gymnospermes, suggérant que l'apparition de CRC aurait été un pré-requis pour l'origine évolutive du carpelle.
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Reymond, Mathieu. "Etude des gènes cibles de facteurs de transcription impliqués dans le développement du carpelle chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0536.
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Le carpelle est l’organe reproducteur femelle spécifique des plantes à fleurs ou Angiospermes. Il est composé du stigmate à l'apex qui permet la sélection et la germination des grains de pollen, du style qui guide les tubes polliniques et de l'ovaire où les ovules sont fécondés. Après fécondation, le carpelle se transforme en fruit, permettant ainsi la dissémination des graines. Chez la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana, deux carpelles sont présents dans chaque fleur et sont fusionnés en un pistil. Le développement de cette structure est affecté dans un certain nombre de mutants. L’étude des gènes altérés dans ces mutants montre qu’ils codent pour la plupart des facteurs de transcription mettant ainsi en évidence que l’effet observé sur la morphogenèse du carpelle s’effectue via la régulation de l’expression de gènes cibles. Cependant, dans la majorité des cas, les gènes cibles de ces facteurs de transcription sont inconnus. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier les gènes cibles des facteurs de transcription: SPATULA (SPT), CRABS CLAW (CRC), et ETTIN (ETT) qui jouent des rôles primordiaux dans le développement du carpelle<br>The female reproductive structure, or gynoecium, of the Arabidopsis thaliana flower consists of an ovary, divided longitudinally by a septum, and topped by a stigma and short style. Carpel development is controlled by transcription factors including SPATULA (SPT), CRABS CLAW (CRC), and ETTIN (ETT). However, nothing was previously known of the downstream pathways through which these transcription factors control the development of these tissues. This thesis uncovers some of these pathways
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Haraghi, Aïmen. "Rôle et fonction des protéines WIP au cours du développement des organes reproducteurs chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Vers une meilleure compréhension du réseau génétique de CmWIP1." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS508.
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Une des caractéristiques définissant les êtres vivants est leur capacité à se reproduire. La reproduction sexuée est le mécanisme qui a encouragé la sélection positive des espèces au cours de l’évolution en augmentant leurs diversités génétiques. Lors de leurs reproductions les angiospermes (les plantes à fleurs) utilisent un organe sexuel appelé fleur. Le sexe de cet organe est déterminé par la présence ou l’absence de deux différents types de tissus reproducteurs. Le tissu reproducteur mâle est appelé étamine et porte le pollen. Le tissu reproducteur femelle est appelé pistil et est constitué d’un ou plusieurs carpelles. La labilité sexuelle et l’importance économique des Cucurbites comme Cucumis melo (le melon), Cucumis sativus (le concombre) et Citrullus lanatus (la pastèque) ont fait d’eux des organismes-modèles pour l’étude du déterminisme du sexe contrôlé par un réseau génétique. Le modèle génétique du déterminisme du sexe de Cucumis melo peut être expliqué par la modulation et l’interaction de trois gènes: CmACS-7, CmWIP1, CmACS11. Le gène CmACS-7 est situé au locus M et code une enzyme de biosynthèse de l’éthylène (Boualem et al 2008) réprimant le développement des étamines. Le gène CmWIP1 est situé au locus G et code un facteur de transcription potentiel réprimant le développement du carpelle (Martin and al 2010). Et le gène CmACS11 est situé au locus A et code une enzyme de biosynthèse de l’éthylène réprimant l’expression de CmWIP1 (Boualem et al 2015). Au vu de la croissance de la population mondiale, il est nécessaire d’élargir le nombre d’outils génétiques permettant l’amélioration de la sélection variétale des plantes cultivées dont font partie les Cucurbites. La plupart des plantes hybrides sont issues d’un croisement entre deux plantes différentes, une plante mâle et une plante femelle. Pour améliorer la production de ces hybrides, il est primordial de connaître le sexe des plantes parentes et particulièrement celui des lignées femelles. Dans cette optique, les sélectionneurs ont besoin d’élargir leurs panels d’allèles permettant le contrôle du développement du carpelle. L’ingénierie de ces allèles permettra de générer des plantes gynoïques portant uniquement des fleurs femelles mais aussi d’augmenter la proportion de fleurs pistillées et de contrôler le délai d’apparition des fleurs pistillées. Ces améliorations de la sélection variétale des Cucurbites pourraient générer des alternatives aux mécanismes de stérilité mâle, de castration manuelle ou chimique. Ainsi qu’une meilleure maîtrise de l’apparition de l’effet nid, générant des plantes potentiellement plus compactes et plus rapidement productives. La manipulation des mécanismes, régulés par CmWIP1 et contrôlant le développement du pistil, pourrait permettre d’identifier de nouveaux allèles impliqués dans le développement du carpelle. Mes travaux de recherche se sont appuyés sur la mise en œuvre d’un crible génétique afin d’identifier les membres du réseau génétique auquel appartient CmWIP1, l’unique gène identifié à ce jour contrôlant le développement du carpelle chez C. melo. Ma thèse a eu pour but d’identifier des gènes suppresseurs de la fonction de TT1 (AtWIP1) et de NTT (AtWIP2), deux membres de la famille WIP chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Ces mutations suppresseurs pourront supprimer les phénotypes d’arrêt de croissance et de sénescence induits par la surexpression de TT1 ou de NTT. Pour cela, j’ai généré une population de lignées d’Arabidopsis thaliana surexprimant de manière inductible les séquences codantes de TT1 ou NTT et ayant subi une mutagenèse à l’EMS. J’ai ensuite criblé cette population pour identifier les plantes suppresseurs et les mutations causales. Mon projet de recherche a permis d’identifier quatre locus potentiellement impliqués dans le contrôle du développement du carpelle. La caractérisation de ces locus pourra aboutir à un meilleur contrôle du déterminisme du sexe des Cucurbites et des plantes possédant un mécanisme similaire<br>One of the characteristics of living organisms is the ability to reproduce themselves. Sexual reproduction is a mechanism that increases the potential diversity of species and their positive selection. To reproduce most of plants species use a type of sexual organ named flower. The sex of this organ is determined by the presence or absence of two different types of reproductive tissue. The stamen is the male reproductive tissue and the carpel is (the female reproductive tissue). In many species the development of these tissues is controlled by a network of genes. Cucumis melo (melon) is a model plant to study genetic network controlling sex determination. Melon sex determination genetic model can be explained by the modulation of three genes. The gene CmACS-7 at the locus M which encodes for an ethylene biosynthesis enzyme that represses stamen development (Boualem and al 2008). The gene CmWIP1 at the locus G which encodes a putative transcription factor that represses carpel development (Martin and al 2010). And the gene CmACS11 at the locus A which encode for an ethylene biosynthesis enzyme that represses CmWIP1 expression (boualem et al 2015). The aim of this thesis project is to understand in which biological process cmWIP1 is involved to inhibit carpel development. The identification of the precise function of cmWIP1 will lead to the identification of new putative alleles controlling carpel development and sex determination. To achieve this goal we set up a genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana to unravel genetic interactors of CmWIP1. At the present moment we found four putative genetic interactors. These putative candidates will be tested in melon. Plants that are mutated in theses cmWIP1 genetic interactors should harbour female organ inside each of their flowers. Then the introgression of these alleles in crop species may increase fruit and/or seed yields
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Rivarola, Sena Ana Clarizza. "The molecular basis of carpel evolution." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN062.
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Le carpelle est l’organe reproducteur femelle des plantes à fleurs. Nous présentons une analyse transcriptomique comparative, focalisant particulièrement sur le développement des tissus femelles reproducteurs, entre la plante modèle établie Arabidopsis thaliana et la soeur probable du restant des plantes à fleurs vivantes Amborella trichopoda. Des modules de co-expression de gènes ont été d’abord définis et ensuite comparés statistiquement entre espèces sur la base de relations d’orthologie entre tous les gènes dans les deux génomes sous comparaison. Cette étude a révélé des modules génétiques entiers, plutôt que seulement des gènes individuels, qui auraient conservé leurs patrons d’expression depuis le dernier ancêtre commun des plantes à fleurs. D’autres modules d’origine plus récente ont été également mis en évidence, modules qui ont peut-être contribué à une complexification dans la morphologie des carpelles qu’a eue lieu plus tardivement pendant l’évolution des plantes à fleurs. Le deuxième thème majeur de cette thèse concerne l’un des régulateurs de ce deuxième groupe, le facteur de transcription SPATULA (SPT) de la famille bHLH. Nous présentons des données suggérant que SPT aurait acquis son rôle actuel dans les tissus à l’apex du carpelle chez un ancêtre commun des Brassicacées. Nos données suggèrent également que l’acquisition de ce nouveau rôle dépendait de changements au niveau des séquences cis-régulatrices de SPT. Nous décrivons des expériences en cours qui ont pour objectif d’identifier les séquences d’ADN précises responsables pour ce changement évolutive<br>The carpel is the female reproductive organ of flowering plants. We present a comparative transcriptomic analysis, focusing in particular on the development of female reproductive tissues, between the established model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the probable sister of all remaining living flowering plants Amborella trichopoda. Gene co-expression modules were first defined and then compared statistically between species on the basis of orthology relationships between all genes in the two genomes under comparison. This study revealed entire genetic modules, rather than just individual genes, that appear to have retained their expression patterns since the last common ancestor of living flowering plants. Other modules of more recent origin have also been brought to light, which may have contributed to a complexification in the morphology of carpels that occurred later during the evolution of flowering plants. The second major theme of this thesis concerns one of the regulators of this second group, the transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) of the bHLH family. We present data suggesting that SPT acquired its present role in the tissues at the apex of the carpel in a common ancestor of Brassicaceae. Our data also suggest that the acquisition of this new role depended on changes in the cis-regulatory sequences of SPT. We describe ongoing experiments that aim to identify the precise DNA sequences responsible for this evolutionary change
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Pedersoli, Giseli Donizete. "Desenvolvimento floral de Parkia multijuga e Stryphnodendron adstringens, espécies andromonoicas de Leguminosae (Mimosoideae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-07082013-150119/.
Full textAbstract:
Flores díclinas originam-se da ausência funcional/estrutural de um dos verticilos envolvidos na reprodução, seja desde o início ou no decorrer do desenvolvimento dos primórdios. Este trabalho visa ao estudo do desenvolvimento floral de Parkia multijuga e Stryphnodendron adstringens, leguminosas andromonoicas, a fim de verificar se as flores estaminadas se formam por ausência do carpelo desde o início do desenvolvimento ou por seu aborto no decorrer do desenvolvimento. Botões florais de vários tamanhos e flores foram coletados e processados para observações em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de luz (ML). O desenvolvimento dos órgãos florais inicia-se com o surgimento de cinco primórdios de sépalas no meristema floral, a partir do lado abaxial em P. multijuga e adaxial em S. adstringes: em alguns botões, um sexto primórdio de sépala inicia-se tardiamente; cinco primórdios de pétalas simultaneamente em P. multijuga e bidirecionalmente em S. adstringes; um primórdio de carpelo concomitante aos cinco primórdios de estames antessépalos em P. multijuga, e após a formação das pétalas em S. adstringes; e cinco primórdios de estames antepétalos. As etapas finais do desenvolvimento são similares entre as espécies. Os estames iniciados em dois verticilos, um mais externo (antessépalo) e outro mais interno (antepétalo), encontram-se arranjados em um único verticilo. Entretanto, os estames antessépalos, que se iniciaram primeiro, apresentam-se um pouco mais alongados que os antepétalos. Em P. multijuga os filetes unem-se na base durante seu alongamento, formando um tubo que, posteriormente, torna-se adnato às pétalas. Nas flores hermafroditas de ambas as espécies, o primórdio carpelar inicia-se, alonga-se, a fenda carpelar se fecha e, logo após, começa a diferenciação do estilete. Já nas flores estaminadas, o primórdio carpelar inicia-se e alonga-se, mas sua fenda não se fecha e o carpelo não termina seu desenvolvimento. Na fase final, as flores hermafroditas apresentam estigmas completamente diferenciados, enquanto que nas flores estaminadas, o primórdio carpelar permanece como um rudimento na base do botão floral. Não há iniciação de óvulos neste caso. Conclui-se que as flores estaminadas em ambas as espécies surgem por aborto do carpelo e não por sua ausência desde o início, semelhante a outros membros de Mimosoideae.<br>Diclinous flowers originate by functional/structural absence of one of the reproductive whorls, from the inception or by abortion in the development. This study aims to compare the floral development of two andromonoecious legumes, Parkia multijuga and Stryphnodendron adstringens, in order to verify which process acts in the staminate flower formation (carpel absence from inception or by abortion). Flowers and flower buds of various sizes were collected and processed for observations in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). The development of floral organs begins with the emergence of five sepal primordia in the floral meristem from the abaxial side (P. multijuga) and from the adaxial side (S. adstringens) in which in some buds, a sixth primordia arises late; five petal primordial simultaneously in P. multijuga and bidirectionally in S. adstringens, a carpel primordium emergence concomitantly to five antesepalous stamens primordia in P. multijuga, and after the petal formation in S. adstringens, and five antepetalous stamen primordium. In the final stages of the development, the stamens initiated in two whorls, one outer (antesepalous) and the other innermost (antepetalous), are arranged in a single whorl. However, the antesepalous stamens, which emerged first, are a little more elongated than the antepetalous ones. In P. multijuga the fillets join in the base while its elongation, forming a tube, which thereafter becomes adnate to the petals. In hermaphrodite flowers, in both species, the carpel primordium emerges, stretches, the carpel cleft closes and, soon after, the style begins its differentiation. In staminate flowers, the carpel primordium begins and stretches, but the carpel cleft does not close and the carpel does not end its development. In the mature stage, the hermaphrodite flowers present fully differentiated stigmas, while in the staminate flowers, the carpel primordium remains as a rudiment at the base of the bud. In this case, there is no initiation of any ovule. We conclude that staminate flowers in both species arise by carpel abortion and not from inception, alike the other members of Mimosoideae.
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Bellino, Vincenzo <1981>. "Ex occulto carpere agmen: la guerriglia antiromana in Britannia e in Giudea." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5045/.
Full textAbstract:
Scopo di questo lavoro è quello di analizzare le componenti tattiche, strategiche e sociali della guerriglia antiromana in Britannia e in Giudea, in un periodo che va dal I secolo a. C. al III secolo d. C., con l'obiettivo di mettere in luce la differente efficacia delle tattiche non ortodosse rispetto a quelle convenzionali; e di analizzare le risposte teoriche ed empiriche concepite dai Romani per affrontare questa forma di lotta.
La tesi è stata articolata nel modo seguente: una prima parte analizza gli aspetti tattici, strategici e sociali della guerriglia e della controguerriglia, anche attraverso il metodo comparativo, mettendo cioè a confronto alcuni dei principali testi sulla guerra non convenzionale redatti in epoche e contesti diversi, dai quali si è cercato di delle costanti potenzialmente applicabili a qualsiasi periodo storico e a qualsiasi area geografica.
Nella seconda parte si cerca di applicare tali costanti alla realtà storico – sociale dell'impero romano. Particolare attenzione è stata riservata al rapporto tra la mentalità romana, basata sul concetto di bellum iustum, e le tattiche non ortodosse.
La terza e la quarta parte analizzano la resistenza antiromana in Britannia e in Giudea, mettendone in luce tutti gli aspetti, in particolare quelli legati alla guerriglia rurale, a quella urbana, al terrorismo, all'evoluzione della guerriglia da guerra per bande a guerra convenzionale e alla controguerriglia.
La scelta di queste due province non è casuale. In province così lontane e diverse tra loro, Roma inviò spesso gli stessi generali esperti di controguerriglia. Questo particolare permette di notare la presenza, a Roma, di una grand strategy che, consapevole del fenomeno della guerriglia, ne affidò la repressione agli stessi generali, specialisti della controguerriglia, non esitando a spostarli, in caso di necessità, da un capo all'altro dell'impero.<br>Aim of this work is the analysis of the strategical, tactical and social aspects of the anti – roman guerrilla warfare in Britannia and Judaea, from the first century B.C. to the III A. D. The target is to underline the differences between conventional and irregular warfare and to analyze the theoretical and practical Roman answers to this particular method of fighting.
The first part of the thesis analyzes the characteristics of guerrilla warfare with the use of comparative method, that is comparing some of the most important works about guerrilla written in different periods and historical contexts, trying to obtain some constant rules, potentially applicable in every historical period and geographical area.
In the second part there is an attempt to apply these rules to the Roman empire, with particular attention on the relations between the Roman concept of bellum iustum and the irregular strategy.
In the third and fourth part there is an analysis of the anti – Roman resistance in Britannia and in Judaea, with particular attention on rural guerrilla, urban guerrilla, terrorism, about the evolution from war of gangs to conventional warfare and about Roman counter - guerrilla.
The choice of these two provinces in not casual, because in both, in spite of distance and geographical differences, Rome sent the same generals, expert in counter – guerrilla. This aspect underline the presence, in Rome, of a grand strategy that, conscious of the importance of guerrilla warfare, entrusted the same generals of her repression, without any hesitation in moving them from one end to another of the empire.
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Pinyopich, Anusak. "Roles of MADS-box genes during carpel and ovule development in Arabidopsis /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3094627.
Full textBooks on the topic "Carpelle"
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Hellgren, Jan. Bo Carpelan: Rummets diktare. Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, 2014.
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1858-1919, Carpelan Axel, and Dahlström Fabian, eds. Högtärade Maestro!, högtärade Herr Baron!: Korrespondensen mellan Axel Carpelan och Jean Sibelius 1900-1919. Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, 2010.
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Barroero, Liliana. Giovanni Andrea Carlone in Umbria: Gli affreschi di Villa Clio. Edizioni Orfini Numeister, 1998.
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Taylor, David W. Angiosperm ovules and carpels: Their characters and polarities, distribution in basal clades, and structural evolution (Postilla). Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Carpelle"
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Meurer, Judith. "Carpelan, Bo." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL). J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_9284-1.
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Tuomolin, Kerstin. "Carpelan, Bo: Das lyrische Werk." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL). J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_9285-1.
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Tucker, Shirley C., and J. Allen Bourland. "Ontogeny of staminate and carpellate flowers of Schisandra glabra (Schisandra)." In Early Evolution of Flowers. Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6910-0_8.
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Balanzà, Vicente, Patricia Ballester, Monica Colombo, Chloé Fourquin, Irene Martínez-Fernández, and Cristina Ferrándiz. "Genetic and Phenotypic Analyses of Carpel Development in Arabidopsis." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9408-9_11.
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"Carpel." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_2352.
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Ferrándiz, Cristina, Chloé Fourquin, Nathanael Prunet, et al. "Carpel Development." In Advances in Botanical Research. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-380868-4.00001-6.
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Vizzotto, Giannina. "Carpels and Fruit Development." In Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-epcs-120012911.
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"Carpels, Pericarp and Various Fruit Forms." In Weed Anatomy. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118503416.ch39.
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Maynard Smith, John, and Eors Szathmary. "The development of spatial patterns." In The Major Transitions in Evolution. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198502944.003.0018.
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It is convenient to start with an account of the development of the flower in the crucifer Arabidopsis (Coen & Meyerowitz, 1991), for several reasons. The development of plants is in one respect simpler than that of animals: cells do not move relative to one another. Much of animal development is achieved by cell movement, contraction and adhesion; these are processes we need not bother with when thinking about plants. As yet, less is known of Arabidopsis than of Drosophila or of vertebrates: what is known is simple and elegant, and brings into sharp focus the things that are not yet known. The flower develops from a disc of cells. Four concentric rings differentiate. The outermost ring gives rise to four sepals, the next innermost ring to four petals, the next to six stamens, and the central cells to two fused carpels. Mutants are known that alter this pattern. Usually, a given mutant alters two neighbouring rings of organs. A simple model explains these mutants. Genes are expressed in three regions, A, B and C. If we symbolize the corresponding genes by a, b and c, then a gives rise to sepals, ab to petals, be to stamens and c to carpels. This would account for normal development, but if we are also to explain the mutants, we must assume that genes a and c are mutually inhibitory, so that when a is absent or deficient, c is expressed over the whole region, and vice versa. This model has been confirmed in two ways. First, it can satisfactorily explain double mutants. Triple mutants, in which all three gene activities are missing, develop leaf-like structures in all four rings: this confirms the longheld view that flower organs are modified leaves. The phenotypes of the various double mutants can be predicted from the model, and are as expected. The model has been confirmed more directly by hybridization in situ of the RNA transcripts of the different genes, which appear early in the development of the flower primordium in the expected places. An almost identical system is present in Antirrhinum. There is molecular homology between the genes in the two species.
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Teeri, Teemu, Anne Uimari, Eija Pöllänen, et al. "Involvement of non-ABC MADS-box genes in determining stamen and carpel identity in Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae)." In Systematics Association Special Volumes. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420024982.ch11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Carpelle"
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Chih-Kuang Yeh, Ying-Jie Yu, and Wen-Shiang Chen. "A compound ultrasound imaging strategy in carpel tunnel syndrome diagnosis." In 2008 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2008.0491.
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ALMEIDA, P. S., T. P. XAVIER, M. S. BACELOS, M. A. S. BARROZO, and T. S. LIRA. "ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL DA SECAGEM DO CARPELO DA MACADÂMIA EM LEITO DE JORRO." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-0631-24665-160217.
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Muhammad, Hadiza Lami. "Hypoglycemic and Cardioprotective Effects of Methanol Extracts of Gymnema Sylvestre Plant and Annona Senegalensis Carpels Used in the Folkloric Treatment of Diabetes." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2018.hbpp616.
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Wimer, Bryan M., Daniel E. Welcome, Chris Warren, Thomas W. McDowell, and Ren G. Dong. "A Preliminary Investigation on the Grip Force Applied on a Cylindrical Handle." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192559.
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Hand grip force is an important factor for risk assessment of hand musculoskeletal disorders. Grip strength is also one of the important indices for the diagnosis of hand disorders such as hand-arm vibration syndrome and carpel tunnel syndrome. Therefore, a considerable number of studies on grip force or strength have been reported. However, it remains an important issue how to quantify the grip force or strength. Conventionally, the grip force is measured using a handle that measures the applied force in two opposite directions in the grip action. However, it has been demonstrated that the grip force applied on a cylindrical handle is not uniformly distributed in each orientation of the hand [1]. Therefore, the grip force measured in a specific direction may not be an accurate measure of the grip effort. Alternatively, the total grip force has been proposed to serve as the grip measure [2]. The major objectives of this study are as follows: (i) to develop a cylindrical instrumented handle that can be used to perform the measurement of the total grip force and to characterize its distribution around the handle; (ii) to estimate the principle grip force and direction; and (iii) to investigate the relationship between the total grip force and that measured on a Jamar handle.