Journal articles: 'Carpophores'

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Siwulski, Marek, Mirosław Ziombra, and Krzysztof Sobieralski. "Impact of light on yielding of some Pleurotus sp. strains." Acta Mycologica 47, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2012.008.

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Light is an important factor deciding about yielding and morphological characters of Pleurotus carpophores. The objective of the research was to ascertain the impact of period and intensity of lighting on yielding and carpophore morphological features of four strains of oyster mushroom. The following strains were investigated: P. ostreatus: PX, K22 and P80 strains, P. pulmonarius: P20 strain. Fluorescent lamps with Day-Light were used to provide light in the cultivation room. The following lighting periods were used: 6, 10 and 14 hours/day and the applied lighting intensity included: 100, 300, 500 and 700 lx. Lighting exerted a significant impact on yielding. The highest carpophore crop was recorded when the applied lighting intensity was 500 and 700 lx for the period of 14 h/d. The highest mean mass of carpophores was recorded at 14-hour light exposure and 500 and 700 lx lighting intensity. Carpophore morphological features modified by the lighting period and its intensity included the cap diameter as well as the length and thickness of the stem.

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Ronikier, Michał, Anna Miśkiewicz, and Piotr Mleczko. "Presence and distribution of Suillus plorans in the Polish Tatra Mts (Western Carpatians)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 71, no. 3 (2014): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2002.028.

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Suillus plorans is a very interesting mountain ectomycorrhizal fungus, attached to Pinus cembra. The paper reports its presence in the Polish Tatra Mts as a new species for Poland, discusses its previous situation among macromycetes of Poland, and its conservation status. It includes detailed descriptions of carpophores and mycorrhizae specimens collected in Poland. Basing on records of both carpophores and mycorrhizae, a map of species' occurrence in the Tatra National Park was prepared and compared with the distribution of Pinus cembra in this area. Identity of mycorrhizae was assessed by a morphological study and confirmed by PCR-RFLP patterns analysis of carpophore and mycorrhizal mycelium.

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Lazarev, Vladimir. "Interactions of recombined mycelia of the fungus fomitopsis pinicola (Sow. Ex Fr) Karst. On PDA medium." Genetika 34, no. 1 (2002): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0201021l.

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The interaction of cultures from the recombined mycelia of the fungus Fomitopsis pinicola (Sow. ex Fr) Karst. was studied on PDA medium. The cultures were isolated from different carpophores and from different segments of the same carpophore originating from a felled beech tree. The interactions show that recombined mycelia of this species can be divided into numerous incompatible physiological "races" or "pathotypes", distinguished also by morphological features of the mycelia.

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Mpadi, Nkwe Charles, and Daniel-Bienvenu Mada Bangala. "Utilisation du champignon Pleurotus sajor-caju pour la délignification d’un substrat à base des hampes florales de bananiers (Musa spp.) et la production des carpophores comestibles." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 12, 2020): 3164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.16.

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Les hampes florales des bananiers, riches en lignocelluloses, font parties des résidus végétaux largement impliqués dans la pollution environnementale à Kinshasa. C’est dans ce contexte que cette recherche a utilisé les champignons lignolytiques Pleurotus sajor-caju dans l’objectif de bio-délignifier des hampes florales des bananiers et de produire des carpophores comestibles de ce champignon. Dans la méthodologie employée, lesdites hampes florales ont été utilisées pour la préparation de quatre types de substrats dans lesquels elles ont représentée 52% (A1), 95,5% (A2), 79,4% (A3) et 45,9% (A4) de la masse sèche totale. Toutes ces préparations ont été inoculées par des mycéliums de Pleurotus sajor-caju, incubées à 28 °C jusqu’à la production des carpophores dudit champignon en vue de déterminer (1) le mélange le plus efficace du point de vue de la durée d’incubation, (2) le rendement en carpophores comestibles et (3) l’efficience biologique des substrats. Les résultats obtenus sont : les durées d’incubation des cultures jusqu’à la production des carpophores ont varié de 45 jours (A4) à 83 jours (A2) ; le rendement en carpophores comestibles et l’efficience biologique obtenus à partir des substrats A1, A3 et A4 ne sont pas significativement différents, tandis que A2 donne les plus faibles valeurs. Cette recherche confirme que les champignons lignolytiques comestibles, dont le Pleurotus sajor-caju fait partie, sont des agents efficaces pour valoriser les déchets d’origine végétale, à la base de la pollution environnementale, dans une perspective de production alimentaire et de lutte contre la malnutrition et l’insécurité alimentaire à Kinshasa.Mots clés: fongique, lignolytique, efficience biologique, valorisation, biodégradation.English Title: Use of the fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju for the delignification of a substrate based on banana flower stalks (Musa spp.) and the production of edible fungiThe floral stalks of the banana trees, rich in lignocelluloses, are parts of the agricultural residues extensively implied in the environmental pollution in Kinshasa. It is in this context that this research used the lignolytic fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju in the objective of bio-delignification of these residues of banana harvest and the production of edible mushroom. As methodology, the floral stalks of banana trees have been used for the preparation of four types of substrate in which they represented 52% (A1), 95.5% (A2), 79.4% (A3) and 45.9% (A4) of the total dry mass. All these four preparations have been inoculated by spawns of Pleurotus sajor-caju, incubated at 28 °C until the production of the carpophores of the aforesaid mushroom in order to determine the most efficient mixture concerning (1) the length of carpophore production, (2) the output in edible carpophores and (3) the biological efficiency of the substrates. The gotten results are: the lengths of incubation of the cultures until the production of the carpophores varied of 45 days (A4) to 83 days (A2); the output in edible carpophores and the biological efficiency gotten from the substrates A1, A3 and A4 are not meaningfully different, while A2 gives the weakest values. This research confirms that the lignolytic edible fungi, whose Pleurotus sajor-caju belongs to, are efficient agents to valorize the vegetable wastes which cause the environmental pollution, in a perspective of food production and struggle against the malnutrition and the food insecurity in Kinshasa.Keywords: fungal, lignolytic, biological efficiency, valorization, biodegradation.

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Rochon, Caroline, David Paré, Damase P. Khasa, and J. André Fortin. "Ecology and management of the lobster mushroom in an eastern Canadian jack pine stand." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 11 (November 2009): 2080–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-118.

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The lobster mushroom, an organism resulting from the infection of Russula spp. by Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul., is common to Canadian boreal forests and has good commercial potential. Within a Pinus banksiana Lamb. stand managed for mushroom production, this study aimed to (1) document carpophore productivity (density, biomass per area) during three seasons, (2) compare productivity among three forest conditions (trails, forest strips between trails, and unmanaged forest), (3) establish ecological parameters related to productivity, and (4) define microhabitats where carpophores are present by using soil and vegetation descriptors. Mushroom density tended to be higher on the trails than under the canopy, but fresh biomass was higher in forest strips except in 2006 when midsummer precipitation was low. Trail management did not increase mushroom production but maintained it during periods of reduced precipitation. Productivity was positively related to the abundance of shade-intolerant plant species and to extractable ammonium, and negatively related to soil pH. Within the present study conditions, microhabitats suitable for the presence of carpophores had low pH, high available phosphorus, low Kalmia angustifolia L. cover, and small canopy gaps with shade-intolerant species. This study was the first step toward understanding the ecology and impacts of forest practices on the lobster mushroom.

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Mier, Norman, Sandrine Canete, Alain Klaebe, Louis Chavant, and Didier Fournier. "Insecticidal properties of mushroom and toadstool carpophores." Phytochemistry 41, no. 5 (March 1996): 1293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00773-3.

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Intini, Marcello G. "Observations on the in vitro development of Armillaria carpophores." Mycologist 7, no. 1 (February 1993): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(09)80621-6.

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BERNILLON, JACQUES, JEAN FAVRE-BONVIN, MARIE-THÉRÈSE POMMIER, and NOËL ARPIN. "First isolation of (+)-epipentenomycin i from Peziza sp. carpophores." Journal of Antibiotics 42, no. 9 (1989): 1430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.42.1430.

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Christopoulos, Vasilios, Polyxeni Psoma, and Stephanos Diamandis. "Site characteristics of Tuber magnatum in Greece." Acta Mycologica 48, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2013.004.

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Day after day it is being demonstrated that Greece hides a buried treasure in its forests. The wild black truffles Tuber aestivum, T. uncinatum, T. brumale and T. melanosporum and the white truffle T. borchii and recently T. magnatum are picked in a variety of forest ecosystems all over the country. The information which has been collected has initiated a national programme on truffle cultivation which, so far, has immense appeal, especially among young farmers. The discovery of carpophores of T. magnatum, the most valued white truffle in the market, triggered the interest in studying the site characteristics, botanical and pedological, in order to help farmers to cultivate the species in similar sites. All carpophores were found under hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) along the banks of a creek on alluvial sediment. Soil analyses of four soil samples from truffle nests showed a narrow range of values of pH in water (7.57–7.78) and 1N KCL (6.94–7.07) and a similar granulometric soil texture.

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Fraile-Fabero, Raúl, María V. Ozcariz-Fermoselle, Juan A. Oria-de-Rueda-Salgueiro, Veronica Garcia-Recio, Damian Cordoba-Diaz, María del P. Jiménez-López, and Tomás Girbés-Juan. "Differences in Antioxidants, Polyphenols, Protein Digestibility and Nutritional Profile between Ganoderma lingzhi from Industrial Crops in Asia and Ganoderma lucidum from Cultivation and Iberian Origin." Foods 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081750.

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Carpophores of Ganoderma lingzhi (GZ) from industrial crops in China were analysed and compared with carpophores of three Iberian strains of cultivated Ganoderma lucidum (GL) (Aveiro, Madrid, Palencia) previously genetically characterized. The genetic determination of all the fungi in the study coincided with the identification provided by the companies and entities that supplied the samples. Cultivation time ranged between 107 and 141 days. The analysis of total phenol content showed to be 56.8% higher for GL from Palencia than for GZ. Intraspecific variation was a maximum of 56% from GL. The content of antioxidants, both intraspecific and interspecific, was found to be strain-dependent with a maximum variation of 78.5%. The nutritional analysis shows that there are differences in dietary fiber, protein, ash and sodium content between GL and GZ. In fatty acids analysis, only trans fatty acids showed significant differences, being higher in GL. Protein profile and digestibility of GZ and GL-Madrid mushroom proteins were evaluated by digestion with simulated gastric fluid and were different. The two species were perfectly differentiated according to their protein profile. These results should be considered for nutritional and industrial applications.

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Piarroux, Raphael, Frédéric Gabriel, Frédéric Grenouillet, Patrick Collombon, Philippe Louasse, Martine Piarroux, and Anne-Cécile Normand. "Using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry to identify mushroom species: Proof of concept analysis of Amanita genus specimens." Medical Mycology 59, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 890–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myab018.

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Abstract Food poisoning caused by toxic mushrooms, such as species in the Amanita genus, occurs frequently around the world. To properly treat these patients, it is important to rapidly and accurately identify the causal species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry is a rapid technique that has been used in medical laboratories for the past three decades to identify bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-Tof MS) is a rapid method used for the past three decades to identify microorganisms. In this study, we created and internally validated a MALDI-Tof MS reference database comprising 15 Amanita species frequently encountered in France, and we challenged this database with 38 Amanita specimens from four French locations, using a free online application for MALDI-ToF spectra identifications. Assessment of the database showed that mass spectra can be obtained by analyzing any portion of a carpophore and that all portions enabled identification of the carpophore at the species level. Most carpophores were correctly identified using our database, with the exception of specimens from the Vaginatae section. Decay tests also demonstrated that decayed portions (like those found in the kitchen garbage can) of Amanita phalloides mushrooms could be properly identified using MALDI-ToF MS. Our findings provide important insight for toxicology laboratories that often rely on DNA sequencing to identify meal leftovers implicated in food poisoning. In future developments, this technique could also be used to detect counterfeit mushrooms by including other genera in the reference database. Lay Summary MALDI-ToF MS is a powerful identification tool for microorganisms. We demonstrate that the technique can be applied to Amanita specimens. This will prevent food intoxications as a rapid and definite identification can be obtained, and it can also be used for food remnants.

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Łuszczyński, Janusz. "Ramaria rubella (Schaeff.) R.H. Petersen - The first record in Central and Eastern Europe." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 77, no. 3 (2011): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2008.030.

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Ramaria rubella (Schaeff.) R.H. Petersen is a very rare species in Europe. Until now it was known only from a few countries. A new site in Poland is the first record from Central and Eastern Europe. Ramaria rubella (sub-gen. Lentoramaria) belongs to xylobiontic species connected with coniferous woods. The paper includes detailed description of carpophores and microscopic features, distribution and synonyms.

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Veligodska, A. K., and O. V. Fedotov. "СКРИНИНГ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ И ДИНАМИКА НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ПОЛИФЕНОЛЬНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ НЕКОТОРЫХ ВИДОВ БАЗИДИОМИЦЕТОВ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 5, no. 03 (November 28, 2015): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2015027.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the total content of polyphenolic substances in Basidiomycetes carpophores from 50 species, of which 27 belong to the order Polyporales and 23 to the order Agaricales. Introduced 23 strains of 8 species of Basidiomycetes. Methods. Gathered wild carpophores dried and crushed to a particle size of 0,1 till 0,01 mm and searching strains were cultured in Erlenmeyyers flasks by surface method on standard glucose-peptone culture medium. Determination of total content of polyphenolic compounds was carried out in ethanol extracts of mycological material by a modified method of Folin-Chokalteu. Completely dry biomass of carpophores and mycelium was determined gravimetrically. Results. There was identified the species of polyporal fungi Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Laetiporus sulphureus and Fomes fomentarius and types of agarical mushrooms Stropharia rugosoannulata, Agrocybe cylindracea, Tricholoma flavovirens, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus and Fistulina hepatica high in polyphenolic compounds. It was determined the content of polyphenols ranging from more than 60 mg / g completely dry biomass. For introduced strains established dynamics of growth and accumulation of polyphenolic compounds in the mycelium and culture filtrate during fermentation on glucose-peptone medium. All cultures reach a maximum accumulation of biomass on the 12th day of growth. Shizophyllum commune Sc-1101 and 10 and F. velutipes F-202 have been identified as the most productive strains. The lowest accumulation of absolutely dry biomass was recorded for strain P. ostreatus P-192 and strain F. fomentarius Ff-09. Cultures have investigated individual value growth such as biomass accumulation in the applied cultivation conditions, which probably reflects the suitability of the medium for their growth and genotypic characteristics. Strains are overwhelmingly able to accumulate polyphenolic compounds in both mycelium and culture fluid during the whole period of cultivation. Maximum content of polyphenols in the mycelium to 96%, and in the culture fluid - for 91% of strains coincided with the end of their term cultivation. Calculated correlation coefficient between the content of polyphenols in the mycelium and culture fluid showed that there is a very high positive correlation of 73.2%, a positive high at 17.4% and the average 4.5% of experiment data. Conclusion. The strains of species Shizophyllum commune, Pleurotus ostreatus, Fistulina hepatica and Laetiporus sulphureus were selected for further research in order to obtain polyphenols mycelial and extracellular origin. Key words: polyphenols, Basidiomycetes, carpophores, mycelium, cultural filtrate

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Defaye, Jacques, Stanislaw Kohlmünzer, Krystian Sodzawiczny, and Emile Wong. "Structure of an antitumor, water-soluble d-glucan from the carpophores of Tylopilus felleus." Carbohydrate Research 173, no. 2 (March 1988): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90829-2.

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Sumorok, Beata. "Post-fire macrofungi in the burnt area in the Jelonka reserve (Białowieża region, NE Poland)." Acta Mycologica 36, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2001.010.

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In the burnt area of the Jelonka nature reserve near Białowieża Primeval Forest mycological studies were carried out in the years 1994-1999. Carpophores of all macrofungi were identified and counted on 7 permanent observation plots repesenting different successional stages before the fire. Altogether 250 species of macromycetes were found, among them 16 species of post-fire fungi. Pholiota carbonaria and Tephrocybe anthracophila were the most abundant and frequent species occurring in the first years after the fire. It has be~ revealed that the presence of carbonised substrate is a limiting factor for the occurrence of post-fire Basidiomycetes.

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Vunduk, Jovana, Anita Klaus, Maja Kozarski, R. Djordjevic, Lj Jovanovic, and M. Niksic. "Zeolites as possible biofortifiers in Maitake cultivation." Archives of Biological Sciences 66, no. 1 (2014): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1401123v.

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The levels of Ni, Cu and Mg in Grifola frondosa (also known as Maitake mushroom) fruit body produced on zeolite Minazel Plus (MG)-supplemented substrate were measured with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Two different concentrations of MG were added to the substrate for mushroom cultivation. Levels of selected metals were measured in cultivated dry carpophores. The content of Ni increased in fruit bodies produced on supplemented substrate, while in case of Cu, a pronounced decrease was observed. When two different concentrations of MG were implemented, the Mg level showed both positive and negative trend, depending on the applied concentration of zeolite. MG in a concentration of 1% showed the strongest influence on the observed elements in the cultivated fruiting body of Maitake mushroom.

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Prydiuk, M. P. "New records of species of the genus Galerina (Hymenogastraceae) in Ukraine." Ukrainian Botanical Journal 78, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj78.03.201.

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The article is a continuation of the series of publications on the genus Galerina in Ukraine. In previous publications, those species were considered that are grouped by the presence of remarkable morphological features, for example, tibiiform cystidia, pleurocystidia, or calyptrate spores. This article reports the species of the genus Galerina without any noticeable peculiarities (G. cephalotricha, G. norvegica, G. pumila, and G. triscopa), as well as few recently found in Ukraine species possessing pleurocystidia (G. karstenii) and tibiiform cystidia (G. hybrida and G. tibiicystis) recorded after the relevant articles have been published. The infrageneric position of many of the considered here species still remains indeterminate. For all reported species, their diagnoses, locality data in Ukraine, general distribution in the world, as well as original drawings of their carpophores and microstructures, are provided.

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Końska, Grażyna. "A survey of domestic species of Basidiomycetes fungi for the presence of lectins inn their carpophores." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 57, no. 2 (2014): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1988.025.

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Preliminary investigations were conducted to determine the presence of active lectins in carpophores of fungi from the class Basidiomycetes, collected from natural localities in southern and south-eastern Poland. The degree of agglutination activity (expressed as the titre of agglutination) of aqueous extracts was determined at room temperature (18-20°C) and at +4°C in respect to human and animal erythrocytes suspended in physiological saline, part of which were additionally treated with proteolytic enzymes. From among the 104 tested species, extracts from 41 of them showed agglutination activity, among which 18 were high. In six cases, specific activity against human ABH group antigens was found. Extracts from 5 species agglutinated only animal erythrocytes, with pigeon erythrocytes being exceptionally sensitive to the lectins. Extracts from two species had distinctly higher agglutination activity at 4°C, which suggests that lectins of the "cold" agglutinin type are present in these species. Analysis of extracts from caps and stems showed that caps had a higher lectin content.

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Sakamoto, Shinobu, Haruo Yoshino, Yaeko Shirahata, Kazuo Shimodairo, and Ryohei Okamoto. "Pharmacotherapeutic Effects of Kuei-chih-fu-ling-wan (Keishi-bukuryo-gan) on Human Uterine Myomas." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 20, no. 03n04 (January 1992): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x92000333.

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Kuei-chih-fu-Iing-wan (Keishi-bukuryo-gan; KBG), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy contains five components: bark of Cinnamomum cassia Bl. (Lauraceae ), root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae), seed of Prunus persica Batsch. or P. persiba Batsch. var. davidiana Maxim. (Rosaceae), carpophores of Poria cocos Wolf. (Polyporaceae), and root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. (Paeoniaceae ). This prescription has been frequently used in the treatment of gynecological disorders such as hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea and sterility. We previously reported that KBG might act as a LH-RH antagonist and a weak anti-estrogen on the uterine DNA synthesis in immature rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of KBG on 110 premenopausal patients with uterine myomas. Clinical symptoms of hypermenorrhea and dysmenorrhea were improved in more than 90% of the cases with shrinking of uterine myomas in roughly 60% of the cases.

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Termorshuizen, Aad J. "The influence of nitrogen fertilisers on ectomycorrhizas and their fungal carpophores in young stands of Pinus sylvestris." Forest Ecology and Management 57, no. 1-4 (March 1993): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(93)90171-i.

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Jasińska, Agnieszka, Marek Siwulski, Krzysztof Sobieralski, Jerzy Rogalski, and Shoji Ohga. "Morphological and Qualitative Features of Agrocybe aegerita (Brig.) Sing. Carpophores Cultivated on Agricultural and Textile Industry Wastes." Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 59, no. 2 (August 29, 2014): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/1467622.

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Ławrynowicz, Maria. "Cenococcum graniforme in Poland." Acta Mycologica 19, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1983.003.

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During the field investigations 72 localities of Cenococcum graniforme (Sów.) Ferd. et Winge, mostly in central Poland were stated. At more than 50% of places sclerotia of C. graniforme were found together with carpophores of Elaphomyces granulatus Fr. and/or E. muricatus Fr. Before present investigations C. graniforme was known in Poland only as a fossil fungus and as an ectomycorrhizal partner of some trees. Now C. graniforme seems to be a common fungus in Poland. The maps of its distribution, according to the actually known localities are presented in this paper. The names of localities in Poland are listed on pages 35-38. Besides Poland, the author found C. graniforme in England, Austria and East Germany.

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Ortiz, Rosa del C. "A taxonomic revision of Curarea Barneby & Krukoff (Menispermaceae)." PhytoKeys 100 (June 21, 2018): 9–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.

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A monograph of Curarea, a neotropical genus in the plant family Menispermaceae, is presented. Curarea is distinguished from related genera by the combination of staminate flowers with sepals in two whorls and pistillate flowers with three petals, three carpels and usually elongated carpophores bearing three sessile drupelets. Nine species are recognised, amongst them two new to science, C.gentryana from Ecuador and C.barnebyana, from Ecuador and Peru. Additionally, two new combinations, C.iquitana and C.tomentocarpa, are proposed for distinct taxa recovered in a multivariate analysis of quantitative characters of the broadly distributed and morphologically variable C.toxicofera. The anatomy and morphology of species in the genus is documented, identification key, species descriptions, distribution maps and a preliminary conservation assessment for all accepted species are also provided. Of the nine species recognised here, C.barnebyana is assigned a preliminary status of Vulnerable, C.crassa (known only from the coastal Atlantic Forest in Brazil) and C.gentryana (endemic to western Ecuador) are both assigned a preliminary status of Endangered.

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Kałużewicz, Alina, Romuald Górski, Krzysztof Sobieralski, Marek Siwulski, and Iwona Sas-Golak. "The Effect of Calcium Chloride and Calcium Lactate on the Yielding of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, no. 4 (February 2, 2015): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2014-0049.

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Abstract The aim of the research was to assess the influence of calcium chloride and calcium lactate irrigation on the yield volume and dry matter content in two champignon strains, ie Amycel 2200 and Italspawn F59. When both strains were irrigated with calcium lactate, there was a significant decrease observed in the yield when the concentration of the solution was 0.6%. On the other hand, when calcium chloride was applied to the Italspawn F59 strain, there was a significant decrease in the yield when the concentration was as low as 0.4%, whereas the yield of the Amycel 2200 strain dropped when the concentration of calcium chloride was 0.6%. The irrigation with calcium chloride and calcium lactate had influence on the content of dry matter in the champignon carpophores. When the solutions under investigation were applied at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6%, there was a significant increase observed in the content of dry matter in both strains.

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Pazzi, Francesco, José Carmelo Adsuar, Francisco Javier Domínguez-Muñoz, Miguel Angel García-Gordillo, Narcis Gusi, and Daniel Collado-Mateo. "Ganoderma lucidum Effects on Mood and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Fibromyalgia." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040520.

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Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic rheumatic disorder characterized by generalized and widespread musculoskeletal pain. It is associated with several secondary symptoms such as psychological and pain-specific distress, which can directly impact daily functioning and quality of life, like anxiety and depression. The Ganoderma lucidum (GL) mushroom seems to be able to improve fibromyalgia symptoms, including depression and pain. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of GL on happiness, depression, satisfaction with life, and health-related quality of life in women with fibromyalgia. A double-blind, randomized placebo pilot trial was carried out, with one group taking 6 g/day of micro-milled GL carpophores for 6 weeks, during which the second group took a placebo. Our results did not show any statistically significant between-group differences, although a distinct trend of improved levels of happiness and satisfaction with life and reduced depression were evident at the end of treatment compared to the baseline in the GL group. However, due to the limitations of the study protocol, additional studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

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Veau, Bertrand, Jean Guillot, Mireille Damez, Martine Dusser, and Grazyna Konska. "Isolement, caractérisation et propriétés de la lectine de spécificité anti-(A+B) présente dans les carpophores du champignon basidiomycèteHygrophorus hypothejus." Acta Botanica Gallica 147, no. 3 (January 2000): 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2000.10515856.

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Tejedor-Calvo, Eva, Sergi García-Barreda, Sergio Sánchez, and Pedro Marco. "Effect of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Stored Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) on Mushroom Biodeterioration and Mycelial Growth." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060898.

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Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is a fungus that attracts the attention of consumers and researchers due to its flavour and bioactive compounds with biological activities. However, it swiftly loses quality because of its short shelf life. The present work evaluated the shelf life of cultivated shiitake carpophores with a weekly monitoring of the physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory parameters under three different storage conditions. To establish the mycopathogenicity of fruitbody-inhabiting bacterial microbiota, 48 strains were isolated from shiitake throughout its storage time and subsequently inoculated on cap cuticles and slices. Additionally, an antibiogram of these bacterial strains against shiitake mycelium was performed. Shiitake had a total microbial load of 5 log cfu/g, composed mainly of Pseudomonas genus, followed by Enterobacteriaceae family, and moulds and yeasts. Among the 48 bacterial strains identified, 18 belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family and 21 to the Pseudomonas genus. The biodeterioration capacity of the isolated strains increased throughout the conservation period, with slices being more damaged than cap cuticles. We observed a mycopathogenic behaviour of Burkholderia sp., Ewingella americana, Serratia sp., Microbacterium sp. and Rahnella sp. strains, although only the latter highly inhibited shiitake vegetative mycelium growth.

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Morais, M. H., A. C. Ramos, N. Matos, and E. J. Santos Oliveira. "Note. Production of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) on lignocellulosic residues / Nota. Cultivo del hongo shiitake (Lentinus edodes) en residuos lignocelulósicos." Food Science and Technology International 6, no. 2 (April 2000): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201320000600206.

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Fungi, namely white-rot fungi, growing on lignocellulosic substrates such as wood and straw secrete a mixture of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes that depolymerize the substrate components. Biocon version of lignocellulosic agro-residues through mushroom cultivation offers the potential for con verting these residues into protein-rich palatable food, reducing the environmental impact of the wastes. The growth of four strains of the mushroom Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. in four different substrates was studied. The mushrooms were cultivated in particulate sawdust substrates enclosed in autoclavable plastic bags. This 'space bag' production of biomass offers foreshortened production cycles. The fructification phase occurred during 10 days after a spawn-run time of 90 days compared with 18 months to two years for traditional methods. Mushroom production depended on strain, varying from 12.5% to 15.0%. Biological efficiency comprised between 42.3% and 59.5%. The fruiting bodies were analyzed to determine their nutritional value. They had high contents of protein and total carbohydrates but low contents of lipids and nucleic acids. L. edodes has low fiber content com pared with other species. Cellulose degradation was similar for all the strains which had produced carpophores. Lignin degradation comprised between 40.7% and 59.10%.

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Ibrahim, Dariatou, Oumarou Hama, Pablo Perez Daniels, Maman M. Inoussa, Moussa Barage, Toudou Adam, Maria R. Alcantara, and Felix Infante. "Diversité des champignons basidiomycètes à carpophores inféodés à certaines espèces des Caesalpiniaceae du Parc National du W du Niger (Afrique de l’Ouest)." Journal of Applied Biosciences 116, no. 1 (November 29, 2017): 11566. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v116i1.5.

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Termorshuizen, A. J., and A. P. Schaffers. "Occurrence of carpophores of ectomycorrhizal fungi in selected stands ofPinus sylvestris in the Netherlands in relation to stand vitality and air pollution." Plant and Soil 104, no. 2 (September 1987): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02372534.

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ADENIYI, MOBOLAJI, YEMI ODEYEMI, and OLU ODEYEMI. "Ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms in a Nigerian tropical forest reserve." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190139.

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Adeniyi M, Odeyemi Y, Odeyemi O. 2018. Ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms in a Nigerian tropical forest reserve. Biodiversitas 19: 285-295. This study investigated the ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms at Environmental Pollution Science and Technology (ENPOST) forest reserve, Ilesa, Southwestern Nigeria. Mushrooms growing in the ligneous and terrestrial habitats of the forest were collected, identified and enumerated between March 2014 and March 2015. Diversity indices including species richness, dominance, and species diversity were evaluated. Correlation (p < 0.05) was determined among climatic data and diversity indices. A total of 151 mushroom species specific to their respective habitats were obtained. The highest monthly species richness (70) was obtained in October 2014. While a higher dominance was observed in the terrestrial habitat during the rainy and dry seasons (0.072 and 0.159 respectively), species diversity was higher in the ligneous and terrestrial habitats during the rainy season (3.912 and 3.304 respectively). Overall, the highest carpophores in ligneous and terrestrial habitats were recorded in Schizophyllum commune (10,737) and Mycena monticola (760) correspondingly. Correlation analysis revealed that average monthly precipitation positively correlated with the relative abundance of mushrooms in the terrestrial habitat (r = 0.716, p = 0.013). This study shows the diversity of mushrooms at ENPOST forest, thereby necessitating strict and sustainable conservation measures especially those with great economic values.

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García-Montero, Luis G., Miguel Á. Casermeiro, José L. Manjón, and Isabel Hernando. "Impact of active soil carbonate and burn size on the capacity of the rockrose Cistus laurifolius to produce Tuber melanosporum carpophores in truffle culture." Mycological Research 111, no. 6 (June 2007): 734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.017.

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Yildiz, A., M. Karakaplan, and F. Aydin. "Studies on Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kum. var. salignus (Pers. ex Fr.) Konr. et Maubl.: cultivation, proximate composition, organic and mineral composition of carpophores." Food Chemistry 61, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(97)00066-6.

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Gaba-Chahboub, Hamida, Mohammed S. Lamhamedi, and Ouzna Abrous-Belbachir. "EFFET DE L’INOCULATION ECTOMYCORHIZIENNE EN PÉPINIÈRE SUR LA CROISSANCE ET LA NUTRITION DES PLANTS DU CÈDRE DE L’ATLAS EN ALGÉRIE." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 330, no. 330 (July 21, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2016.330.a31319.

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La mycorhization des plants du cèdre de l’Atlas en pépinière figure parmi les approches préconisées pour améliorer la survie et la croissance des plants en site de reboisement. Cependant, la majo- rité des travaux n’ont pas pu obtenir des taux de mycorhization élevés lorsque les plants du cèdre de l’Atlas étaient inoculés par des spores. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer l’influence de l’inocu- lum sporal de trois champignons ectomy- corhiziens, Cortinarius cedretorum, Ama- nita vaginata et Inocybe geophylla, sur la croissance et la nutrition minérale des plantules de Cedrus atlantica. Les carpo- phores, les semences et le sol forestier organique utilisés pour la production des plants ont été prélevés sous un peuple- ment pur de cèdre de l’Atlas. L’inoculum sporal était constitué de carpophores broyés et tamisés. Après 12 mois de mise en culture, les différents paramètres de croissance ont été évalués : hauteur du plant, longueur de la racine princi- pale, nombre de racines fines, taux de mycorhization, biomasse totale, nombre d’apex mycorhizés et concentrations foliaires des éléments minéraux. Les taux de mycorhization pour les trois champi- gnons évalués ont varié entre 55 % et 65 %, ce qui est un résultat exceptionnel dans le cas de l’inoculation des plants du cèdre de l’Atlas à l’aide des spores. Les résultats ont montré que l’inoculation avec les trois champignons ectomyco- rhiziens augmente significativement les concentrations foliaires de phosphore et d’azote. La biomasse des plantules du cèdre de l’Atlas est significativement supérieure avec les trois inocula compa- rativement aux plantules témoins.

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DAWIDOWICZ, Luiza, Agnieszka JASIŃSKA, and Marek SIWULSKI. "The Effect of Selected Cultivation Factors on the Growth of Mycelium of Pleurotus cystidiosus Miller." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46110959.

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Pleurotus cystidiosus occurs in natural areas in North America. Its carpophores are characterized by a slightly sweet and mild taste. Fruiting bodies of P. cystidiosus are valued as source of nutrients and biologically active substances. The aim of the study was the selection of the optimal incubation temperature and the best substrate for the fastest mycelium growth. Two cultivars of P. cystidiosus – B1 and B122 was taken. Incubation of mycelium was performed in the temperature range from 15 to 30 °C. The influence of a substrate made of wheat straw, hemp shives and energetic grasses – Panicum virgatum and Miscanthus × giganteus. The experiment compared the growth of mycelium on a substrate with wheat straw (control sample) and with wheat straw and the addition of hemp shives and energetic grass in increasing amounts: 10, 20 and 30%. It has been shown that the growth of mycelium of tested strains on different substrates varied. The best growth of mycelium occurred on the substrate with wheat straw and the addition of hemp shives, P. virgatum and M. × giganteus in the amounts of 20% and 30%. The temperature of incubation also had a significant impact on the growth of the mycelium of P. cystidiosus. The optimal temperature was 25 °C. An investigation of the mutual dependence between morphological and qualitative characteristics of the type of agar medium allows optimization of the production of P. cystidiosus. The development of a low-cost and simple method for the production of P. cystidiosus can contribute to the introduction of this species into intensive cultivation. Use of waste materials in mushroom production will significantly increase the profitability of crops and reduce their costs.

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Visnovsky, Sandra B., Alexis Guerin-Laguette, Yun Wang, and Andrew R. Pitman. "Traceability of Marketable Japanese Shoro in New Zealand: Using Multiplex PCR To Exploit Phylogeographic Variation among Taxa in the Rhizopogon Subgenus Roseoli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 1 (November 13, 2009): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02191-09.

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ABSTRACT Rhizopogon roseolus Corda (synonym Rhizopogon rubescens Tul.), an economically important edible mushroom associated with the Pinaceae (mostly Pinus sp.), has a global distribution resulting from the introduction of exotic trees into the Southern Hemisphere for plantation forestry. However, the marketability of R. roseolus varies with the place of origin. R. roseolus strains cultivated in New Zealand from local carpophores for the Japanese market are morphologically and biologically distinct from those produced in Japan and are consequently considered less valuable. In this study, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA (internal transcribed spacer [ITS]) region was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships of R. roseolus and other closely related fungi belonging to Rhizopogon subgenus Roseoli to determine the genetic basis for phenotypic differences among R. roseolus isolates from different geographic regions. Phylogenetic comparison revealed phylogeographic variation within Rhizopogon subgenus Roseoli. Collections from the United States and Europe grouped into four distinct clades. Rhizopogon roseolus isolates found in New Zealand were closely related to those from the United States, likely due to introduction of Pinus radiata from its native California in the United States. In contrast, Japanese R. roseolus isolates clustered closely with European collections. Phylogenetic differences between Japanese and New Zealand R. roseolus isolates may explain the morphological and biological properties attributed to these geographical variants. The ITS region was subsequently used to design a multiplex PCR for the simultaneous identification of Japanese and New Zealand R. roseolus isolates to track the establishment of ectomycorrhiza on P. radiata seedlings inoculated with commercially valuable R. roseolus. This diagnostic demonstrated the first fruiting of Japanese shoro cultivated on P. radiata in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Kałucka, Izabela. "Macrofungi in the secondary succession on the abandoned farmland near the Białowieża old-growth forest." Monographiae Botanicae 99 (2014): 1–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/mb.2009.001.

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The paper deals with the succession of basidiomycete macrofungi on abandoned farmland. The research was carried out in the unique complex of old fields of different age located on the southwest edge of the Białowieża old-growth forest (NE Poland). These lands undergo spontaneous secondary succession leading to formation of a continental fresh pine forest. Regular observations of basidiomata in 16 permanent plots (11 plots of 1000 m2, 5 plots of 400 m2) representing initial, optimal and terminal stage of vegetation development from psammophilous grassland to a pine forest with 100-year-old tree stand were conducted for three years. Soil and vegetation analyses were also carried out as well as quantitative examination of ectomycorrhizae in root samples. The series yielded 300 species of macromycetes (including 6 collective taxa) found in permanent plots plus 18 species outside the plots. The species composition, spatial distribution of sporocarps, and quantitative structure of fungal communities changed along the successional gradient. Increasing diversity of fungi resulted from persistence of species typical of open areas and species associated with younger trees, as well as accumulation of species associated with older trees and more developed stands. Some species typical of younger phases were replaced with species arriving later in the chronosequence. Species usually occurred long before and after attaining maximum abundance and frequency. Species associated with certain periods of vegetation development could be distinguished, as well as species accompanying the phytocoenoses regardless of their developmental stage. Patterns in structural changes of the fungal community, e.g., in number of species, abundance, frequency and production of carpophores, could also be recognised. They were different in ectomycorrhizal and in saprotrophic fungi. The occurrence of the former was influenced mainly by the presence of symbiotic trees and their age, stand structure and soil properties, while occurrence of the latter was affected by microclimatic factors and by diversity of accessible substrates. Changes in fungal communities were consistent with vegetation changes, but were also specific to this group of organisms.

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Klaus, Anita, Maja Kozarski, and Miomir Niksic. "Antioxidant properties of hot water extracts from carpophore and spores of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 120 (2011): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1120279k.

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Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.:Fr.) Karst is one of the medicinal mushrooms, which possesses enviable antioxidant properties. Objective of this investigation was to evaluate antioxidant activity, reducing power, scavenging abilities on 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and chelating effects on ferrous ions of hot water extracts obtained from carpophore and spores of this mushroom. Hot water extract from carpophore (Gl-I) showed high antioxidant activity of 85.7 ? 0.7%, at 10 mg/ml, while antioxidant activity of hot water extract from spores (Gl-Is) was 9.2 ? 0.3% at 10 mg/ml. Reducing power of Gl-I reached a plateau of 3.4 ? 0.1 at 20 mg/ml, and 0.3 ? 0.0 at 20 mg/ml for Gl-Is. At 10 mg/ml, scavenging ability on DPPH radicals of Gl-I increased to 96.8 ? 2.5%, whereas Gl-Is scavenged DPPH radicals by 69.6 ? 2.5% at 10 mg/ml. Gl-I chelated 81.6 ? 3.6 % of ferrous ions at 20 mg/ml, while the chelating effect of Gl-Is was 73.8 ? 1.7%. The antioxidative activities of hot water extracts from carpophore and spores of the mushroom G. lucidum were concentration dependent and increased with an increase in the concentration.

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Sharma, Dr Neena. "Forking Pattern of Carpophore in Some Himalayan Umbellifers." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/august2014/9.

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H.C., Eyi-Ndong, Iwangou G., and Orango-Bourdette J.O. "Mycochemical Analysis and Prediction of Pleurotus Tuber-Regium’s (Pleurotaceae) Pharmacological Activities, A Food and Medicinal Fungi from Gabon." African Journal of Biology and Medical Research 4, no. 3 (August 9, 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajbmr-moshepzn.

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Pharmaceutical activities of a fungus depend on its bioactive compounds composition. Pleurotus tuber-regium (paleotropical species) is a fungus used in Gabon and throughout tropical Africa for its culinary and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to predict the therapeutic potential of this species, in particular of its carpophore and its sclerotia, based on the main chemical groups highlighted during the chemical screening of aqueous, hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic extracts. Chemical screening revealed that the three extracts (aqueous, hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic) prepared from the carpophore are rich in total polyphenols, alkaloids, coumarins and proanthocyanidins. Aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts are moderately rich in tannins and coumarins while the ethanolic extract is very rich in reducing sugars. About the sclerotia, the three extracts are rich in total polyphenols, alkaloids, reducing sugars and proanthocyanidins. Aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts are moderately rich in tannins, total flavonoids and coumarins. The dosage of phenolic compounds carried out on aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts confirmed the richness of this fungus in total polyphenols and proanthocyanidins, as well as its deficiency in flavonoids and tannins. The chemical groups thus identified in the carpophore and the sclerotium of P. tuber-regium allow to predict its antioxidant, antiallergic, antiplasmodial, anesthetic, analgesic, anticancer, vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and ant-mutagenic activities.

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Liu, Mei, Gregory M. Plunkett, Ben-Erik Van Wyk, Patricia M. Tilney, and Porter P. Lowry. "The phylogenetic significance of the carpophore in Apiaceae." Annals of Botany 110, no. 8 (September 10, 2012): 1531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs204.

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Li, Wei, and Xian Li. "Triterpenoid Saponins from the Carpophore of Xanthoceras sorbifolia." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 50, no. 1 (March 2014): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-014-0876-1.

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Rahn, Knud. "Plantago sect. Carpophorae, a taxonomic study." Nordic Journal of Botany 5, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1985.tb02083.x.

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Legoshchina, Olga. "Fruiting of macromycetes in artificial plantations of Pinus sylvestris L. on the waste dump of the Kedrovsky open-cast coal mine." BIO Web of Conferences 31 (2021): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213100015.

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The quantitative registration of macromycete fruiting bodies was performed during two field seasons in the pine plantations of recultivated waste dump (experimental area) and in the pine forests on zonal soils (control area). The average quantity of carpophore macromycetes on the experimental area during two years of research exceeded ones on the control area by 41%. The field season of 2020 was characterized by significantly increased productivity of fungi in the studied areas; two peaks of mass fruiting of macromycetes were registrate. The maximum frequency of fruiting bodies of higher fungi was discovered in the autumn peak of mass fruiting mediated mainly by fair appearance of symbiotrophic fungi. Both studied areas in the different years of research were characterized by oppositely processes providing the distribution of carpophore macromycetes in pine plantations with different crown density (sparse, medium and dense). Taking into account the crown projection zones, the maximum frequency of macromycete fruiting bodies was located in the near-crown and outer zones of Pinus sylvestris L. trees.

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Li, Wei, Xian Li, Jia Yang, Da-Li Meng, and Ning Li. "Two new triterpenoid saponins from the carpophore ofXanthoceras sorbifoliaBunge." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 10, no. 3 (March 2008): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020701605224.

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Ivetic, Vladan, and Aleksandar Tucovic. "Occurrence of poly-winged fruits on cultivated sycamore maples - Acer pseudoplatanus L." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 87 (2003): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0387119i.

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The occurrence of polycarpous fruits on six out of 100 sycamore maples, i e. with 3, 4 and 8 fruits on one carpophore is described. Eight-carpous fruits have not been recorded to date in the region of the Serbia and Montenegro, and wider. The cause of the development of polycarpous fruits has been hypothesized.

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Li, W., X. Li, D. L. Meng, P. Zhang, and Z. L. Li. "Two new triterpenoids from the carpophore of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020500289386.

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Halama, Marek. "Volvariella caesiotincta P. D. Orton, a new species in the mycobiota of Poland." Acta Mycologica 44, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2009.006.

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The article presents the first record of Volvariella caesiotincta P.D. Orton in Poland. Fruit body of the species was found on 22nd July 2002 in an oak-hornbeam/elm-ash municipal wood in the eastern part of Wrocław. The saproxylic Volvariella caesiotincta produced its carpophore on the base of rotten log of Quercus robur. The article brings closer taxonomic profile, ecological requirements and distribution pattern of the species. It also describes macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the discovered specimens and presents the specification of habitat the fungus concerned.

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BRULLO, SALVATORE, CRISTIAN BRULLO, SALVATORE CAMBRIA, EDWIN LANFRANCO, SANDRO LANFRANCO, PIETRO MINISSALE, SAVERIO SCIANDRELLO, and GIANPIETRO GIUSSO DEL GALDO. "A new species of Silene sect. Dipterosperma (Caryophyllaceae) from Malta." Phytotaxa 297, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.297.3.3.

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Silene melitensis, a new species beonging to the sect. Dipterosperma, is described and illustrated from Maltese Archipelago. This therophyte occurs along the calcareous rocky coast of Malta and Gozo islands, where it grows within the ephemeral meadows together with many halophytes. Based on its prostrate-ascending habit and succulent leaves, S. melitensis shows some morphological similarities with S. nummica and S. crassiuscula, both included in the S. colorata group. S. melitensis differs from S. nummica in having inflorescence more flowered, petals smaller, claw on the back pubescent in the midrib, capsule bigger, carpophore shorter and seed with undulate wings, while it differs from S. crassiuscula in having scapes branched at the base, calyx tomentose-hirsute and shorter, petal limb shorter, coronal scales shorter and undulate, ovary shorter and seed larger. An diagnostic key of the taxa belonging to the sect. Dicterosperma is provided.

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Ali, Esam H. "Biodiversity of zoosporic fungi in polluted water drainages across Niles’Delta region, Lower Egipt." Acta Mycologica 42, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2007.010.

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Thirty-four identified in addition to five unidentified species appertaining to ten genera of zoosporic fungi were identified and isolated from eighty four polluted water samples, which were randomly collected from different polluted sites of the water drainages along the Niles Delta in Lower Egypt. Baiting sesame seeds culture technique was employed at 20±2º C for the recovery of zoosporic fungi. The genera; Pythium and Saprolegnia (8 and 7 zoosporic fungal species, respectively) showed the broadest spectra of species diversity whereas Aqualinderella was only represented by one species (A. fermentans). Saprolegnia delica and Dictyuchus carpophorus (the greatest fungal populations) were the most dominant isolated zoosporic fungal species where they were highly occurred especially at the hyper-polluted waters with the heavy metals. These two species could be considered as indicators for the response of the structure and function of microbial communities for water pollution. Several zoosporic fungal species were rarely encountered. Both Aqualinderella fermentans and Pythium rostratum were recovered in moderate frequency of occurrence. Water samples which had high concentrations in heavy metals were the poorest in the species diversity of zoosporic fungi. Despite that, fungal species belonging to the family Saprolegniaceae flourished in hyper polluted water samples whilst those belonging to the family Pythiaceae predominated in more diluted water samples. Also, the prevalent species; S. delica and D. carpophorus were not affected by heavy metals concentrations being as indicators for water pollution with the heavy metals. pH values of the polluted water samples had no influence on the occurrence of zoosporic fungi. Water samples characterized by high organic matter content and low total soluble salts were the richest in zoosporic fungal species.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Carpophores'

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