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Journal articles on the topic 'Carrier APIs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Chakravarty, Paroma, Amin Famili, Karthik Nagapudi, and Mohammad A. Al-Sayah. "Using Supercritical Fluid Technology as a Green Alternative During the Preparation of Drug Delivery Systems." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 12 (2019): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120629.

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Micro- and nano-carrier formulations have been developed as drug delivery systems for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that suffer from poor physico-chemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. Encapsulating the APIs in such systems can help improve their stability by protecting them from harsh conditions such as light, oxygen, temperature, pH, enzymes, and others. Consequently, the API’s dissolution rate and bioavailability are tremendously improved. Conventional techniques used in the production of these drug carrier formulations have several drawbacks, including therma

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2

Haimhoffer, Ádám, Alexandra Vas, Gabriella Árvai, et al. "Investigation of the Drug Carrier Properties of Insoluble Cyclodextrin Polymer Microspheres." Biomolecules 12, no. 7 (2022): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12070931.

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The investigation of the usability of solid insoluble β-cyclodextrin polymers (βCDP) in micro-sized, controlled drug delivery systems has only recently attracted interest. Our aim was to form complexes with poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with two types of βCDP for drug delivery applications. Solid insoluble cyclodextrin polymer of irregular shape (βCDPIS) and cyclodextrin microbeads (βCDPB) were used in the experiments. Morphology, surface area, size distribution and swelling capacity of carriers were investigated. We created complexes with two APIs, curcumin and estra

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3

Роїк, О. М., and О. П. Голодюк. "Technology for obtaining a highly soluble dispersion of atorvastatin to increase bioavailability." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 4 (August 26, 2024): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.24.05.

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The technology of formation of solid dispersed systems (SDS) is a technological approach that allows to increase the rate of release and bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that belong to class II and IV of the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS). Atorvastatin calcium is a class II/IV drug according to BCS, which exhibits low bioavailability due to insufficient dissolution. The aim of the work was to conduct a literature and patent search for promising technologies for obtaining highly soluble SDS for effective use in order to increase the solub

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Sudhakar, Kalvatala, Shivkanya Fuloria, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, et al. "Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (2021): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102557.

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A selected active pharmaceutical ingredient must be incorporated into a cargo carrier in a particular manner so that it achieves its goal. An amalgamation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be conducted in such a manner that it is simple, professional, and more beneficial. Lipids/polymers that are known to be used in nanocarriers for APIs can be transformed into a vesicular formulation, which offers elegant solutions to many problems. Phospholipids with other ingredients, such as ethanol and water, form suitable vesicular carriers for many drugs, overcoming many problems relate

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Praveen, Kumar Vutukuri. "Shipping Estimation." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 6, no. 11 (2019): 325–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757488.

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This paper explores the methods and technologies used in shipping estimation and the online order fulfillment process at Walgreens. It examines the process of creating shipping estimates, the use of carrier APIs, and the specific strategies employed by Walgreens to handle online orders efficiently. This implementation is completely related to the warehouse application and once the online order was placed by a customer, how does online order data come through the warehouse system and how does fulfillment happen.

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6

Punz, Benjamin, Litty Johnson, Mark Geppert, et al. "Surface Functionalization of Silica Nanoparticles: Strategies to Optimize the Immune-Activating Profile of Carrier Platforms." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5 (2022): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051103.

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Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are generally regarded as safe and may represent an attractive carrier platform for nanomedical applications when loaded with biopharmaceuticals. Surface functionalization by different chemistries may help to optimize protein loading and may further impact uptake into the targeted tissues or cells, however, it may also alter the immunologic profile of the carrier system. In order to circumvent side effects, novel carrier candidates need to be tested thoroughly, early in their development stage within the pharmaceutical innovation pipeline, for their potential to ac

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Markeev, Vladimir B., Evgenia V. Blynskaya, Konstantin V. Alekseev, Vladimir L. Dorofeev, Anna I. Marakhova, and Alexandre A. Vetcher. "Creation of Long-Term Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions N-Butyl-N-methyl-1-phenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide, Resistant to Recrystallization Caused by Exposure to Moisture." Materials 18, no. 1 (2025): 203. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010203.

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Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology is often used as a promising strategy to improve the solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). ASDs allow APIs to be dispersed at the molecular level in a polymer carrier, destroying the crystalline structure of the APIs and, thanks to the polymer, providing long-term supersaturation in solution. However, stability issues are an obstacle to the development of new medications with ASD. In addition to the molecular mobility at elevated temperatures leading to the crystallization of APIs, moisture affects the physical stability of ASD, lea

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8

Zolotov, S. A., N. B. Demina, E. S. Ponomarev, I. A. Dain, and A. S. Zolotova. "Study of the Technological Methods Effect on Dissolution of the X-ray Amorphous Efavirenz-mesoporous Carrier System." Drug development & registration 11, no. 3 (2022): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-3-84-89.

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Introduction. The low solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the physiological pH range of the intestinal tract can adversely affect their absorption and bioavailability. Various methods of increasing the solubility of APIs have been proposed in recent decades. Among them there are preparation of solid dispersions, micronization, solubilization and other methods, including ones based on the amorphization of the crystalline substances, such as, spray drying, hot melt extrusion, absorption on mesoporous carriers such as magnesium aluminosilicate, silica, etc.Aim. Study the tec

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9

Łyszczarz, Ewelina, Oskar Sosna, Justyna Srebro, Aleksandra Rezka, Dorota Majda, and Aleksander Mendyk. "Electrospun Amorphous Solid Dispersions with Lopinavir and Ritonavir for Improved Solubility and Dissolution Rate." Nanomaterials 14, no. 19 (2024): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14191569.

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Lopinavir (LPV) and ritonavir (RTV) are two of the essential antiretroviral active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) characterized by poor solubility. Hence, attempts have been made to improve both their solubility and dissolution rate. One of the most effective approaches used for this purpose is to prepare amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt aimed at developing ASDs via the electrospinning technique in the form of fibers containing LPV and RTV. In particular, the impact of the various polymeric carriers, i.e., Kollidon K30 (PVP), Kollidon VA64

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10

Xi, Quan, Zhen Cao, Jia-Ying Miao, and Hao Wang. "The Study of Spray-Freeze-Drying Technique for Development of Novel Combination pMDIs, Part II: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations." Pharmaceutical Fronts 04, no. 04 (2022): e275-e283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758388.

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AbstractThe mometasone furoate (MF) and formoterol fumarate dihydrate (FF) inhalable microparticles prepared by different methods, such as micronized active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), microparticles of APIs prepared by spray-freeze drying technique (SFD APIs), and phospholipid microparticles of APIs prepared by SFD (SFD Lip-APIs), showed different inhaled drug delivery characteristics. Study on the physicochemical characteristics of those microparticles and the effect of matrix excipients on pharmacokinetic (PK) behaviors of inhalable microparticles is helpful for the development of ne

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11

Bertoni, Serena, Beatrice Albertini, and Nadia Passerini. "Different BCS Class II Drug-Gelucire Solid Dispersions Prepared by Spray Congealing: Evaluation of Solid State Properties and In Vitro Performances." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 6 (2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12060548.

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Delivery of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by semi-crystalline solid dispersions prepared by spray congealing in form of microparticles (MPs) is an emerging method to increase their oral bioavailability. In this study, solid dispersions based on hydrophilic Gelucires® (Gelucire® 50/13 and Gelucire® 48/16 in different ratio) of three BCS class II model compounds (carbamazepine, CBZ, tolbutamide, TBM, and cinnarizine, CIN) having different physicochemical properties (logP, pKa, Tm) were produced by spray congealing process. The obtained MPs were investigated in ter

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12

Deef, Karim, Hanan Helmy, Emad Barakat, Nadia Lotfy, and El Gohary El Gohary. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel PAA Carrier for Apitoxin of Apis mellifera L." Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology 13, no. 1 (2020): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsa.2020.76598.

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13

Aygüler, Cemre İrem, Özlem Akbal Dağıstan, and Ayca Yıldız Peköz. "An overview of dry powder inhaler production methods." Journal of Research in Pharmacy 29, no. 3 (2024): 1333–49. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1712419.

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In comparison with alternative delivery strategies, pulmonary administration of drugs may provide several benefits, especially when utilizing dry powder formulations. The studies have frequently concentrated on dry powder inhalers (DPIs) due to certain pros with regard to stability, dose, and patient preference. Milling, freeze-drying, spray-drying, and electrospray are the production methods for DPIs. Conventional carrier-based DPIs and newgeneration carrier-free DPIs are two essential kinds of DPI formulations. In the marketplace today, carrier-based formulations generate the majority of DPI

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14

Nguyen, Thi Hong Duc, and Quoc Anh Vo. "Conjugation of iontophoresis and minimally invasive techniques to improve transdermal drug delivery." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 64, no. 9 (2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.64(9).25-30.

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Iontophoresis is an active drug delivery technique that has been demonstrated to significantly enhance the transdermal permeability of numerous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), especially with hydrophilic drugs and large molecules. However, the technique poses limitations in delivering medications reaching therapeutic concentrations of high-dose drugs, proteins, and nanoparticles. Conjugation of iontophoresis with minimally invasive delivery techniques for further improving transdermal absorption is a potential approach to those limitations. Succonjugation possesses great potential to

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15

Budiman, Arif, Eli Lailasari, Neng Vera Nurani, et al. "Ternary Solid Dispersions: A Review of the Preparation, Characterization, Mechanism of Drug Release, and Physical Stability." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 8 (2023): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082116.

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The prevalence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with low water solubility has experienced a significant increase in recent years. These APIs present challenges in formulation, particularly for oral dosage forms, despite their considerable therapeutic potential. Therefore, the improvement of solubility has become a major concern for pharmaceutical enterprises to increase the bioavailability of APIs. A promising formulation approach that can effectively improve the dissolution profile and the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is the utilization of amorphous systems. Numero

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16

HORNITZKY, MAZ, BP OLDROYD, and D. SOMERVILLE. "Bacillus larvae carrier status of swarms and feral colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Australia." Australian Veterinary Journal 73, no. 3 (1996): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09994.x.

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17

Briand, Loïc, Nicharat Swasdipan, Claude Nespoulous, et al. "Characterization of a chemosensory protein (ASP3c) from honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) as a brood pheromone carrier." European Journal of Biochemistry 269, no. 18 (2002): 4586–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03156.x.

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18

Walden, Daniel M., Yogesh Bundey, Aditya Jagarapu, Victor Antontsev, Kaushik Chakravarty, and Jyotika Varshney. "Molecular Simulation and Statistical Learning Methods toward Predicting Drug–Polymer Amorphous Solid Dispersion Miscibility, Stability, and Formulation Design." Molecules 26, no. 1 (2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010182.

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Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have emerged as widespread formulations for drug delivery of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Predicting the API solubility with various carriers in the API–carrier mixture and the principal API–carrier non-bonding interactions are critical factors for rational drug development and formulation decisions. Experimental determination of these interactions, solubility, and dissolution mechanisms is time-consuming, costly, and reliant on trial and error. To that end, molecular modeling has been applied to simulate ASD properties and mechani

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19

Isreb, Abdullah, Mohamed A. Alhnan, Abdulrahman Mkia, et al. "Evaluation of Drug–Polymer and Drug–Drug Interaction in Cellulosic Multi-Drug Delivery Matrices." Methods and Protocols 8, no. 1 (2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps8010004.

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Multi-drug delivery systems have gained increasing interest from the pharmaceutical industry. Alongside this is the interest in amorphous solid dispersions as an approach to achieve effective oral delivery of compounds with solubility-limited bioavailability. Despite this, there is limited information regarding predicting the behavior of two or more drugs (in amorphous forms) in a polymeric carrier and whether molecular interactions between the compounds, between each compound, and if the polymer have any effect on the physical properties of the system. This work studies the interaction betwee

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20

Kankala, Ranjith Kumar, Pei-Yao Xu, Biao-Qi Chen, Shi-Bin Wang, and Ai-Zheng Chen. "Supercritical fluid (SCF)-assisted fabrication of carrier-free drugs: An eco-friendly welcome to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 176 (September 2021): 113846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.113846.

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21

Alfano, Francesca Orsola, Alberto Di Renzo, and Francesco Paolo Di Maio. "Discrete Element Method Evaluation of Triboelectric Charging Due to Powder Handling in the Capsule of a DPI." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 6 (2023): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061762.

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The generation and accumulation of an electrostatic charge from handling pharmaceutical powders is a well-known phenomenon, given the insulating nature of most APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) and excipients. In capsule-based DPIs (Dry Powder Inhalers), the formulation is stored in a gelatine capsule placed in the inhaler just before inhalation. The action of capsule filling, as well as tumbling or vibration effects during the capsule life cycle, implies a consistent amount of particle–particle and particle–wall contacts. A significant contact-induced electrostatic charging can then ta

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22

Ogienko, Andrey G., Svetlana A. Myz, Andrey A. Nefedov, et al. "Clathrate Hydrates of Organic Solvents as Auxiliary Intermediates in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: Improving Dissolution Behaviour of a New Anti-Tuberculosis Drug, Perchlozon." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 3 (2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030495.

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There is an urgent need for new drugs to overcome the challenge of the ever-growing drug resistance towards tuberculosis. A new, highly efficient anti-tuberculosis drug, Perchlozone (thioureidoiminomethylpyridinium perchlorate, Pz), is only available in an oral dosage form, though injectable forms and inhalation solutions could be better alternatives, offering higher bioavailability. To produce such forms, nano- and micro-particles of APIs would need to be prepared as dispersions with carriers. We use this case study to illustrate the principles of selecting solvents and excipients when prepar

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23

Zhang, Yingxi, Yuan Gao, Xiaoxiao Du, Rou Guan, Zhonggui He, and Hongzhuo Liu. "Combining Co-Amorphous-Based Spray Drying with Inert Carriers to Achieve Improved Bioavailability and Excellent Downstream Manufacturability." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (2020): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111063.

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It is crucial to improve poorly water-soluble orally administered drugs through both preclinical and therapeutic drug discovery. A co-amorphous formulation consisting of two low molecular weight (MW) molecules offers a solubility/dissolubility advantage over its crystalline form by maintaining their amorphous status. Here, we report on a co-amorphous solid dispersion (SD) system that includes inert carriers (lactose monohydrate or microcrystalline cellulose) and co-amorphous sacubitril (SAC)-valsartan (VAL) using the spray drying process. The strong molecular interactions between drugs were th

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24

Maccagnani, B., C. Bazzi, E. Biondi, D. Tesoriero, and S. Maini. "POTENTIAL OF OSMIA CORNUTA AS A CARRIER OF ANTAGONIST BACTERIA IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT: A COMPARISON WITH APIS MELLIFERA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 704 (February 2006): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.704.59.

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25

Ballamudi, Satyanarayana. "SAP Transportation Management Implementation Using the MOORA Method." International Journal of Cloud Computing and Supply Chain Management 1, no. 2 (2025): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.55124/ijccscm.v1i2.238.

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Through algorithms, scenario-based planning, and integration with SAP S/4HANA, the solution helps businesses make data-driven decisions while ensuring seamless communication between carriers, suppliers, and customers. Additionally, integration with external systems via Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and APIs has improved visibility across the supply chain, allowing for proactive exception management and automated notifications. By implementing key enhancements, companies have achieved significant cost reductions, improved shipment visibility, and strengthened overall supply chain management

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26

Mehmood, Yasir, Ikram Ullah Khan, Yasser Shahzad, et al. "In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluation of Velpatasvir- Loaded Mesoporous Silica Scaffolds. A Prospective Carrier for Drug Bioavailability Enhancement." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 4 (2020): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040307.

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The limited aqueous solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is responsible for their poor performance and low drug levels in blood and at target sites. Various approaches have been adopted to tackle this issue. Most recently, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have gained attention of pharmaceutical scientists for bio-imaging, bio-sensing, gene delivery, drug solubility enhancement, and controlled and targeted drug release. Here, we have successfully incorporated the poorly water soluble antiviral drug velpatasvir (VLP) in MSN. These spherical particles were 186 nm in di

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27

Ferdousi, Fatiha Momtaz, Farhani Safrin, Md Nawshed Ali, Abdullah Al Juhan, and Priyanka Akter. "Composition and Drug Release Characteristics of Bi-layered and Multi-layered Tablets: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 15, no. 1 (2025): 169–76. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i1.6936.

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Multilayer and Bilayer tablets are winning popularity over single-layer tablets because of their controlled release advantages. Since each layer of API must be compatible with the others and with excipients to extend the effects of the medication or drugs and improve patient compliance, technology for creating multilayers and bilayers is less widespread than that for single-layer tablets. Hydrophilic polymers are more frequently employed in the formulation of biliary and multilayer tablets as both medication carriers and release barriers. But the ratio of using polymer is different from each o

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28

Nguyen, Thi-Thu, Mi-Sun Yoo, Jong-Ho Lee, et al. "Identification and pathogen detection of a Neocypholaelaps species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ameroseiidae) from beehives in the Republic of Korea." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0300025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300025.

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In this study, we identified a new strain of the genus Neocypholaelaps from the beehives of Apis mellifera colonies in the Republic of Korea (ROK). The Neocypholaelap sp. KOR23 mites were collected from the hives of honeybee apiaries in Wonju, Gangwon-do, in May 2023. Morphological and molecular analyses based on 18S and 28S rRNA gene regions conclusively identified that these mites belong to the genus Neocypholaelaps, closely resembling Neocypholaelaps sp. APGD-2010 that was first isolated from the United States. The presence of 9 of 25 honeybee pathogens in these mite samples suggests that N

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29

Nakasu, Erich Y. T., Sally M. Williamson, Martin G. Edwards, et al. "Novel biopesticide based on a spider venom peptide shows no adverse effects on honeybees." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1787 (2014): 20140619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0619.

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Evidence is accumulating that commonly used pesticides are linked to decline of pollinator populations; adverse effects of three neonicotinoids on bees have led to bans on their use across the European Union. Developing insecticides that pose negligible risks to beneficial organisms such as honeybees is desirable and timely. One strategy is to use recombinant fusion proteins containing neuroactive peptides/proteins linked to a ‘carrier’ protein that confers oral toxicity. Hv1a/GNA ( Galanthus nivalis agglutinin), containing an insect-specific spider venom calcium channel blocker (ω-hexatoxin-H

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30

Benkő, Ernő, Ilija German Ilič, Katalin Kristó, et al. "Predicting Drug Release Rate of Implantable Matrices and Better Understanding of the Underlying Mechanisms through Experimental Design and Artificial Neural Network-Based Modelling." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (2022): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020228.

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There is a growing interest in implantable drug delivery systems (DDS) in pharmaceutical science. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether it is possible to customize drug release from implantable DDSs through drug–carrier interactions. Therefore, a series of chemically similar active ingredients (APIs) was mixed with different matrix-forming materials and was then compressed directly. Compression and dissolution interactions were examined by FT-IR spectroscopy. Regarding the effect of the interactions on drug release kinetics, a custom-made dissolution device designed for implan

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Kapourani, Afroditi, Konstantinos Katopodis, Vasiliki Valkanioti, Melina Chatzitheodoridou, Christos Cholevas, and Panagiotis Barmpalexis. "Evaluation of Suitable Polymeric Matrix/Carriers during Loading of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs onto Mesoporous Silica: Physical Stability and In Vitro Supersaturation." Polymers 16, no. 6 (2024): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16060802.

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The application of mesoporous carriers in formulations of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) has been suggested to enhance the stability of amorphous drugs. However, mesoporous carriers do not demonstrate satisfactory inhibitory effects on the precipitation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and the inclusion of an appropriate polymer within ASDs becomes imperative to maintaining drug supersaturation. The aim of this study was to evaluate ternary olanzapine (OLN) ASDs with Syloid 244FP and to find an appropriate polymeric carrier. The polymer’s selection criteria were based on the ph

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32

Wolska, Eliza, and Małgorzata Sznitowska. "Modeling the Analysis Process of a Lipid-Based, Multi-Compartment Drug Delivery System." Processes 13, no. 2 (2025): 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13020460.

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Solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) are multi-compartment lipid drug carriers that can be used in various forms via many routes of administration, primarily to obtain prolonged release, protect the drug substance or mask its taste. It is practically impossible to theoretically predict the effectiveness of the incorporation and distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in SLMs, and these are fundamental features that determine the key properties of the dosage form. The possibility of an effective assessment of these features by selecting or developing sensitive, universal methods,

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Porru, Emanuele, Filomena Piro, Rossana Comito, et al. "Analytical Method and Stability Study for Oral Suspension of Idebenone in Syrspend." Separations 10, no. 9 (2023): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10090517.

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Idebenone (IDB) (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-1,4-benzoquinone) is a compound synthesized in the early 1980s. Initially developed for the treatment of cognitive disturbances and Alzheimer’s disease, IDB is now studied for Friedreich’s ataxia, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), or Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The greatest disadvantage of IDB is its low solubility in water, resulting in low bioavailability. Galenic preparations of IDB in customized doses are common for pediatric patients, which can often prove to be the only option for access to therapy. As an antioxidant,

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Shepard, Kimberly B., Amanda M. Pluntze, and David T. Vodak. "Simultaneous Spray Drying for Combination Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (2022): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061130.

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Spray drying is a particle engineering technique used to manufacture respirable pharmaceutical powders that are suitable for delivery to the deep lung. It is amenable to processing both small molecules and biologic actives, including proteins. In this work, a simultaneous spray-drying process, termed simul-spray, is described; the process involves two different active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) solutions that are simultaneously atomized through separate nozzles into a single-spray dryer. Collected by a single cyclone, simul-spray produces a uniform mixture of two different active particle

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Groß, Roman, Kai Berkenfeld, Christoph Schulte, et al. "State of the Art in Capsule-Based Dry Powder Inhalers: Deagglomeration Techniques and the Consequences for Formulation Aerosolization." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (2022): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061185.

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Commercially available dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are usually devices in a fixed combination with the intended formulation, and a change in medication by the physician often forces the patient to use a different device, requiring the patient to relearn how to use it, resulting in lower adherence and inadequate therapy. To investigate whether DPIs can achieve successful outcomes regardless of the formulation and flow rate used, a novel DPI and two commercially available devices were compared in vitro for their deagglomeration behavior for different binary blends and a spray-dried particle formu

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Osmanović Omerdić, Ehlimana, Larisa Alagić-Džambić, Marko Krstić, Maja Pašić-Kulenović, Jadranka Odović, and Dragana Vasiljević. "In Vitro Dissolution Study of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Clopidogrel Bisulfate Solid Dispersions: Validation of the RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Analysis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (2020): 4792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144792.

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Solid dispersions were prepared via a solvent evaporation method, employing ethanol (96%, v/v) as solvent, with three different polymers as carrier: povidone, copovidone, and poloxamer 407. Previously developed reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) methods were modified and used for the simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel bisulfate and after release from solid dispersions. Chromatography was carried out on a C-18 column, with a mobile phase of acetonitrile–methanol–phosphate buffer pH 3.0, UV detection at 240 nm, and a run time of 6 min. The method was validated accordin

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Steiner, Denise, Leonie V. Schumann, and Heike Bunjes. "Processing of Lipid Nanodispersions into Solid Powders by Spray Drying." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (2022): 2464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112464.

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Spray drying is a promising technology for drying lipid nanodispersions. These formulations can serve as carrier systems for poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that are loaded into the lipid matrix to improve their bioavailability. Once the API-loaded nanocarriers have been further processed into solid dosage forms, they could be administered orally, which is usually preferred by patients. Various solid lipids as well as oils were used in this study to prepare lipid nanodispersions, and it was shown that their nanoparticulate properties could be maintained when lacto

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Štilić, Anđelka, Miloš Nicić, and Angelina Njeguš. "Global distribution systems versus new distribution capability and Internet of things." European Journal of Applied Economics 19, no. 1 (2022): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ejae19-36420.

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In the present environment, to access data and processes, each airline provides its interface and establishes its process flows. Aggregation of direct connect platforms based on NDC, including LCC, necessitates a transformation in the traditional business model of global distribution systems. There is a relationship between airline service qualities and overall service quality and/or satisfaction and promoted NDC was and continues to be the foundation for developing new customer experience for air carriers' products throughout all retail channels, and even a tool for broadening air carrier int

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Inna, Kovalevska, and Ruban Olena. "Development of the methodological approach of obtaining preparations based on solid dispersions." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 4(14) (August 31, 2018): 4–8. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2018.140756.

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Nowadays, the innovative direction of pharmaceutical development is the application of methods to increase the biopharmaceutical efficiency and safety of the use of already existing APIs, including method of incorporating them into solid dispersions in which the substance molecules are included in the supramolecular formations by forming non-covalent bonds by excipients. Today, the preparation of solid dispersions is considered as the most effective way of increasing oral bioavailability, in which dissolution of the carrier facilitates the release of API with its rapid solubilization. Accordin

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Hossain, Md Lokman, Lee Yong Lim, Katherine Hammer, Dhanushka Hettiarachchi, and Cornelia Locher. "A Review of Commonly Used Methodologies for Assessing the Antibacterial Activity of Honey and Honey Products." Antibiotics 11, no. 7 (2022): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070975.

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Honey, a naturally sweet and viscous substance is mainly produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from flower nectar. Honey exerts a plethora of biological and pharmacological activities, namely, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, because of the presence of an extensive variety of bioactive compounds. The antibacterial activity is one of the most reported biological properties, with many studies demonstrating that honey is active against clinically important pathogens. As a result, beside honey’s widespread utilization as a common food and flavouring agent, honey is an at

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Demeter, Adrienn Katalin, Dóra Farkas, Márton Király, et al. "Study on Lyophilised Orodispersible Tablets from Plant-Based Drinks as Bulking Agents." Pharmaceutics 17, no. 2 (2025): 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17020195.

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Background/Objectives: Oral administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is the most commonly used route of administration. As dysphagia is a prevalent problem, the size of the swallowed dosage form could negatively influence patient adherence. Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are beneficial dosage forms because they disintegrate within a few seconds in the oral cavity without water. Lactose is one of the most commonly used excipients in the pharmaceutical industry; it served as the central concept of a recent publication on the formulation of milk-based ODTs despite lactose

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Zhang, Jiaxiang, Anqi Lu, Rishi Thakkar, Yu Zhang, and Mohammed Maniruzzaman. "Development and Evaluation of Amorphous Oral Thin Films Using Solvent-Free Processes: Comparison between 3D Printing and Hot-Melt Extrusion Technologies." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 10 (2021): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101613.

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Conventional oral dosage forms may not always be optimal especially for those patients suffering from dysphasia or difficulty swallowing. Development of suitable oral thin films (OTFs), therefore, can be an excellent alternative to conventional dosage forms for these patient groups. Hence, the main objective of the current investigation is to develop oral thin film (OTF) formulations using novel solvent-free approaches, including additive manufacturing (AM), hot-melt extrusion, and melt casting. AM, popularly recognized as 3D printing, has been widely utilized for on-demand and personalized fo

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Lamrabet, Nabil, Florian Hess, Philip Leidig, Andreas Marx, and Thomas Kipping. "Exploring 3D Printing in Drug Development: Assessing the Potential of Advanced Melt Drop Deposition Technology for Solubility Enhancement by Creation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 12 (2024): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16121501.

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Background: Melt-based 3D printing technologies are currently extensively evaluated for research purposes as well as for industrial applications. Classical approaches often require intermediates, which can pose a risk to stability and add additional complexity to the process. The Advanced Melt Drop Deposition (AMDD) technology, is a 3D printing process that combines the principles of melt extrusion with pressure-driven ejection, similar to injection molding. This method offers several advantages over traditional melt-based 3D printing techniques, making it particularly suitable for pharmaceuti

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Меньшутина, Н. В., А. А. Уварова, М. С. Мочалова, et al. "Biopolymer aerogels as nasal drug delivery systems." Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика 18, no. 1(1) (2023): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34984/scftp.2023.18.1.001.

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Получены микрочастицы аэрогеля на основе яичного белка и хитозана, характеризующиеся низкой плотностью, развитой морфологией и высокой удельной площадью поверхности, высокой пористостью, большим объемом и малым диаметром пор. Методом лазерной дифракции получены кривые распределения частиц по размерам, из которых были рассчитаны среднечисленный и аэродинамический диаметры. Аэродинамический диаметр всех полученных биополимерных аэрогелей лежит в диапазоне, необходимом для осуществления адресной доставки активных фармацевтических ингредиентов (АФИ) в обонятельную область носовой полости. Проведен

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Fitriawan, Helmy. "Simulation and Modeling Time Response of Double Carrier Avalanche Photodiodes." Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (2020): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jesr.v2i2.45.

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Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) is a particularly sensitive semiconductor device that employs the photoelectric effect to convert light into electricity. APDs can be used in some typical applications, i.e. imaging, optical fiber communications, range finding, laser scanners and laser microscopy. In APDs, avalanche multiplication occurred due to impact ionization when the devices operating at high electric fields. Unfortunately, avalanche multiplication decreases the time response of APDs. The time response of an APD can be characterized by its current response which is represented by the mean cur

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Yadav, Vishesh, Manoj Kumar Jat, Sunita Yadav, Harish Kumar, Sunny Maanju, and Pooja Yadav. "Foraging Behavior and Pollination Efficiency of Honey Bee Species on Apple Ber (Z. mauritiana Lamk.)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 2 (2024): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i23924.

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The foraging behavior and pollination efficiency of honey bee species on Apple ber (Z. mauritiana Lamk.) were carried out in the Apple ber orchard situated at the Horticulture Experimental Area and P.G. Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2022. The maximum foraging rate was observed in Apis dorsata (19.47 flowers per minute) and lowest foraging rate was observed in Apis florea (8.29 flowers/minute). The maximum mean foraging speed was observed in Apis florea 6.22 seconds for nectar reward and it was lowest in Apis dorsata (2.33 seconds)

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Moukhtar, Mohammadou, Adamou Moïse, Warda Ltanoua, et al. "Insecticidal Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Carica papaya, Tithonia diversifolia and Strychnos spinosa Leaves on the Population Density of Aphis gossypii and the Foraging Activity of Apis mellifera on Bell Pepper in Ngaoundéré, Cameroon." Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry 15, no. 3 (2025): 15–28. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2025/v15i3383.

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Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal effects of aqueous extracts from Carica papaya, Tithonia diversifolia, and Strychnos spinosa leaves on Aphis gossypii population density and Apis mellifera foraging activity in an experimental field of Capsicum annuum. Study Design: The trials were arranged in a completely randomized block with nine treatments, repeated four times. These included three insecticide treatments, a negative and a positive control to evaluate the population density of A. gossypii, and four treatments to study the activity of honey bees. Place and Duration

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Hanif, Rukshanda, Munazah Yaqoob, Liyaqat Ayoub, Jameela Rasool, and Fazil Fayaz Wani. "Studies on foraging activity of major insect pollinators on cucumber, Cucumis sativus L." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, SUPPL (2024): S379—S381. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i03s.065.

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Cucumber, a member of gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, is a widely cultivated vegetable renowned for its refreshing flavor and crisp texture. Cucumbers typically tend to be monocious and need insects as pollinators for efficient and successful pollination. Field experiment was carried out to study foraging efficiency of major insect pollinators of cucumber. The lowest foraging speed (time spent on flower in seconds) was recorded in Apis cerana (5.60 seconds) and highest in Eristalis arbustorum (51.55 seconds). The highest foraging rate (number of flowers visited/minute) was recorded in Apis cerana

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Wijayanti, Nila, Ade Mariyam Oklima, Siti Nurwahidah, and Heri Kusnayadi. "Habitat Characteristics of the Honey Bee (Apis dorsata), Harvesting Methods of Forest Honey, and Characteristics of Sumbawa Forest Honey in Sumbawa Regency, Indonesia." Journal of Global Sustainable Agriculture 3, no. 1 (2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jgsa.v3i1.5291.

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Sumbawa forest honey is honey produced by Apis dorsata bees. The problem faced is that Apis dorsata bees cannot be cultivated in stup and can only live in tall trees in the forest. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of Apis dorsata bees and Sumbawa forest honey. This research was conducted using a survey method, conducting field observations, interviews with several parties, and documentation. The research was conducted in Sumbawa Regency. The results of the study found that the survival of the Apis dorsata bee was highly dependent on forest sustainability. The taste and color o

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Jasmi, Henny Herwina, Gustina Indriati, Friska Eka Fitria, Yenni Herlina, and Weni Murdina. "Socialization of Apis Cerana Honey Bee Cultivation to Improve the Economy of the Kanagarian Community Malai Iii Koto Sungai Geringging Padang Pariaman." Journal of Community Service and Application of Science 1, no. 2 (2024): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.62769/vh0pns22.

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The Apis cerana honey bee is a natural resource that may be developed for beekeeping in Nagari Malai III Koto, Sungai Geringging District, Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra. The potential of these bees is developed, either as a single business as a honey producer or integrated with various types of plants. The main supporting factors for Apis cerana beekeeping are the presence of bee colonies found in people's gardens and the availability of abundant food throughout the year produced by plantation, fruit, and forestry crops. In addition, there are human resources from academics and professionals s

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