Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cartagena (Colombia)'

Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 100 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-83).
This project delves into the aqueous terrain where the arrival of people and water coalesce. Specifically, it explores the shifting landscape of the Virgen Swamp, in the coastal city of Cartagena, Colombia, where there is friction between flows of urban occupation and ecological flows. This friction is most noticeable in the 4km south border where urban occupation has taken over a fringe of approximately 80 meters of what used to be water. This water-people relationship is dialectical; urban occupation triggers the swamp to resist with floods, erosion and contamination. The city of Cartagena is full of stories of displacement and contestation with physical manifestations in the border of the swamp. Arrival neighborhoods at the border face a situation of simultaneous uncertain citizenship and ecologic vulnerability. The mangrove forest bordering the Virgen Swamp has been considered wasteland, and thus a place to be reclaimed by immigrants who find no other space in the city.
This mangrove forest serves as gradient between water and land filtering the water, preventing land erosion and protecting from storm surge. The recession of the swamp's shoreline due to urban development has degraded the once continuous loop of mangrove forest. The re-shaping of the border between water and land has occurred in the form of spontaneous occupation by immigrants and striated interventions led by the city and large private stakeholders in an attempt to solve water-land frictions. This thesis questions the idea of the swamp as a space of unchecked development or hard divisions. Instead, it sees the swamp's relationship to the urban and ecological as one of gradient and fluidity. In response to the transient nature of the urban arrival threshold, the thesis re-imagines an integrated development plan which brings together different stakeholders, proposing placemaking strategies for a space of displacement.
The proposed network of spaces catalyzes community reinforcement and livelihood. The project employs a systemic approach, exploring different scales and temporalities, and proposing design strategies that are both incremental and substantial.
by Andrea Baena.
M. Arch.
M.Arch. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture

Denne oppgavens tema er sosial manipulasjon betraktet i en kulturpsykologisk synsvinkel. Fokuset er på både kulturelle forskjeller og universelle menneskelige trekk ved bruken av løgn, et fenomen som både evolusjonspsykologer og kulturpsykologer forfekter at nettopp deres paradigme passer best for å forklare. Premisset i oppgaven er at begge synsvinklene supplerer hverandre i analysen av det nevnte fenomenet. Paul Ekman er kjent som en av pionerene innen løgnforskning, og har gjort mye for å vise at løgn ikke kan bli sett på som et fenomen kun skapt av kulturene selv. En tenker som anlegger en annerledes tilnærming er Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky er en av grunnleggerne av kulturpsykologien, og fastholder at kulturen har en stor påvirkning blant annet på hvordan man oppfatter verden og dermed også forståelse og bruk av løgn. En annen anerkjent kulturpsykolog er Richard Nisbett, som viser oss at man bør se på både kulturelle forskjeller og fysiologien til personene når man skal vurdere hva som skaper en persons bevisste og ubevisste valg. Formålet med oppgaven er dermed å finne en slags balansekunst, hvor de universelle psykologiske trekkene ved løgn anføres mot de som utforskes som mer kulturelt spesifikke. Den foreliggende oppgaven kommer dermed i stor grad til å følge Nisbetts rammeverk for å vise at for å få et akseptabelt syn på hva løgn er, bør man og må man bruke både kultur- og evolusjonspsykologi. Det vil hevdes i oppgavens konklusjon at for å få adekvat forståelse av løgn, som er dekkende for hvordan fenomenet utspiller seg i en bestemt kulturell kontekst, bør man derfor se på både det evolusjonelle og det kulturelle, og at det å prøve å forklare løgn med bare én av de nevnte dimensjonene vil måtte anses for å være mangelfullt.
This is a thesis on social manipulation seen from a cultural psychological point of view. The focus is on cultural differences and similarities on the use of deceit, a phenomenon that both evolutionary psychologists and cultural psychologists claim that their own paradigm is best suited to explain. This thesis advocates that both points of view will supplement each other when viewing this phenomenon. Paul Ekman is known as one of the pioneers in lie detection, and has done much to show that lie itself can not be explained as a phenomenon created solely by cultures itself. A person that would disagree with this is Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky is one of the founders within cultural psychology, and is determined that cultures have a great impact on how one perceives the world and therefore also its understanding and the use of deception. Another cultural psychologist is Richard Nisbett, which shows us that one should look at both cultural and physiological aspects when assessing what creates a persons conscious and unconscious choice. The point of this thesis is to see if we can find a balance between the universal, and the cultural when trying to understand lying. This thesis will largely follow Nisbetts framework to show that to get an acceptable view on deception, one should use both culture- and evolutionary psychology. The conclusion will claim that to get an adequate understanding of lies, one should therefore view it from both the evolutionary and the cultural aspects, and to try to explain lies with just one of these two would be lacking.

Tesis (MCI Mención Ambiente)--FCEFN-UNC, 2017
Presenta lineamientos de gestión para sitios contaminados en el territorio nacional colombiano. Se estudia el caso del Lote Santa Elena, de gran relevancia a nivel nacional, la descripción del caso se basa en el expediente LAM0021 de la Autoridad Nacional de Licencias Ambientales (ANLA), fue clasificado en tres áreas por la empresa a cargo de las intervenciones, para agilizar su manejo. Estas áreas son la zona de acceso, el confinamiento y el área restante del lote.

La present tesi es proposa com a objectiu descobrir i analitzar alguns processos i dinàmiques que es troben a les destinations polifacètiques. Es cosideren dues grans àrees conceptuals: la producció de destinations i la gestió de destinacions. En concret, la destinació estudiada és Cartagena d’Índies, a la costa caribenya de Colòmbia, un lloc en el qual s’hi troba sol i platja i a més patrimoni contruït, la qual cosa la fa que sigui una ‘destinació polifacètica’. La metodologia que s’aplica és la de l’estudi de cas i el treball de camp va consistir en observació, treball d’arxiu, un qüestionari i finalment entrevistes semi-estructurades a actors ‘experts’ de la destinació. Els resultats mostren una destinació que va ser produïda de forma orgànica, tant els seus atractius patrimonials com el seu sol i platja. A això cal afegir-hi els processos top-down, que han produït brand disengagement així com notables desacords entre els actors. Per tant, Cartagena d’Índies és un lloc intrínsecament difícil de gestionar. El treball de camp descobreix aspectes de la gestió d’aquest lloc, que es deriven en recomanacions per als professionals, les quals figuren a la present tesi.
La presente tesis se propone descubrir y analizar los procesos que se dan en destinos polifacéticos. Se toman en consideración dos grandes áreas conceptuales: la producción de destinos y el manejo de destinos. El caso concreto de estudio es la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) puesto que es considerada un ‘destino polifacético’. La metodología aplicada es el estudio de caso, y el trabajo de campo consistió en observación, trabajo de archivo, un cuestionario así como una serie de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a actores del destino. Se eligió una metodología cualitativa ya que esta permite obtener una visión profunda y detallada. Los resultados muestran un destino que fue producido de forma orgánica, tanto sus atractivos patrimoniales como los de sol y playa. A esto hay que añadirle los procesos top-down, los cuales han resultado en un brand disengagement y en desacuerdos entre actores. Por tanto, Cartagena de Indias es un lugar intrínsecamente difícil de gestionar. El trabajo de campo descubre aspectos del manejo de este lugar, los cuales derivan en recomendaciones para los profesionales.
The present dissertation intends to unveil some of the dynamics and processes found in multifaceted destinations. Two broad conceptual areas are considered in order to conceptualize and analyse the issues found in such places: destination making and destination management. Specifically, the destination studied is Cartagena de Indias, on the Caribbean coast of Colombia, a place boasting sun and sand as well as built heritage, hence a ‘multifaceted destination’. The methodology applied is Case Research Theory and the field work consisted of observation, archival research, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with the ‘expert’ stakeholders in the destination. Qualitative methodologies were preferred as these allow for deep insights into dynamics and processes, The results show a destination that was produced in an organic way, both in terms of heritage as well as sun and sand. This was combined with hard elitist, top-down processes which resulted in brand disengagement and disagreements from the side of the stakeholders. Therefore, Cartagena de Indias is an intrinsically difficult place to manage.

Orientador: Leandro Karnal
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A proposta deste trabalho consiste em analisar a relação conflituosa entre o capitão-geral e governador da província de Cartagena das Índias, Francisco de Murga, e os ministros do tribunal da Inquisição da cidade de Cartagena. Os enfrentamentos entre as partes remontam aos primeiros meses do governo de Murga, que aportou em Cartagena em outubro de 1629, e perduraram até meados do ano de 1636, quando houve uma mudança no governo provincial. O objetivo principal é analisar o âmbito jurídico do conflito, isto é, o modo como as partes envolvidas recorriam ao uso do direito, quais as argumentações e os fundamentos enunciados. Parto do princípio que a análise do direito e da estrutura jurídica é ponto basilar para a compreensão das relações institucionais no Antigo Regime. Neste sentido será analisada principalmente a natureza jurídica do Santo Ofício apresentada nos discursos e práticas originárias do conflito. Será analisada também a representação da autonomia inquisitorial frente os poderes civis, que se destaca nas práticas em questão. Nesse sentido, este trabalho enfatiza como os fundamentos jurídicos da Inquisição e do governo provincial são princípios que orientam as ações dos envolvidos no conflito em questão
Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyze the conflicting relationship between the captain general and governor of the province of Cartagena of the Indies, Francisco de Murga, and the ministers of the court of the Inquisition in Cartagena. The confrontations between the parties date back to the first months of Murga's government, who arrived in Cartagena in October 1629, and lasted until mid-1636, when there was a change in the provincial government. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the legal scope of the conflict, i. e., the manner in which interested parties used to appeal to the use of the law, the arguments and pleas they had mentioned. I assume that the analysis of law and legal structure is fundamental to understanding the institutional relations in the Ancien Régime. In this sense, th legal nature of the Holy Office, presented in the discourses and practices thata had given rise to the conflicts will be mainly analyzed. It will be also analyzed the representation of inquisitorial autonomy in relation to civil powers, which stands out in the practices concerned. In this sense, the emphasis of this study is how the legal bases of the Inquisition and the provincial government are guiding principles of the actions of those Who were involved in the conflicting relationship concerned
Mestrado
Historia Cultural
Mestre em História

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-120).
There are over 28.8 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the world today because of conflict, human rights violations and situations of generalized violence. Colombia's protracted internal armed conflict, which has lasted for over six decades, has resulted in the largest population of IDPs - up to 5.4 million as of 2012 - in the world. The vast majority migrates from rural areas to cities, settling on the urban periphery in historically poor neighborhoods. Taking Cartagena, Colombia as a revelatory case of IDP urban settlement, this thesis addresses these questions: In the face of ongoing violence, the disruption of spatial and social communities, and the dissolution of trust between individuals, organizations and the Colombian state, how do IDPs reconstitute social networks as part of integration into host cities? How are those social networks challenged and/or bolstered by the status and experience of displacement? Upon arrival in host cities, IDPs must satisfy basic survival needs (shelter, food, income), deal with trauma, and navigate shifting personal and collective identities in the aftermath of displacement. The individual and family-level strategies that IDPs develop to respond to these challenges ultimately require joining existing or forming new social networks for information sharing, economic support and emotional connection. Despite obstacles to community organizing (including direct threats and violence), these social networks sometimes morph into broader political coalitions, which serve as the base for social movements that make claims on the state. By learning from IDP settlement strategies, policymakers could develop more effective and durable solutions to address internal displacement and lay the groundwork for a more just and sustainable peace. I recommend: focusing on long-term IDP urban integration rather than on return to communities of origin, providing support to complement the foundation laid by IDP civil society organizations, and reframing policy away from short-term, household-level aid to target and support the social networks that form the basis of IDP resilience.
by Jody Pollock.
M.C.P.

Les imaginaires touristiques sont fortement attachés aux imaginaires géographiques. Ils sont construits par un processus de représentation où différentes images mentales interagissent. Ces images mentales sont construites à partir de différentes sources d’information que nous percevons dans notre quotidien. Les informations sur les lieux sont diffusées à travers la littérature, la peinture, la musique, les films, la télévision ; la communication touristique (brochures, affiches, catalogues, cartes postales, photos, vidéos, télévision, guides) ; les expériences des autres (voyages, récits, etc.).Toutes ces idées-images des lieux circulent constamment dans différentes échelles (locale, nationale, internationale) et façonnent nos imaginaires géographiques et touristiques. De ce fait, les imaginaires touristiques ne sont pas figés, ils changent à travers le temps, ils sont constamment reformulés ou réaffirmés, ils se transforment.Aujourd’hui, par la mondialisation du tourisme qui augmente la concurrence entre les différents territoires, les acteurs territoriaux sont confrontés à créer des images attractives afin de donner un caractère différentiel vis-à-vis d’autres territoires, cela afin d’attirer les investissements et les touristes. Cependant, les efforts des acteurs territoriaux pour créer des images attractives ne parviennent pas à donner les résultats attendus, c’est le cas de territoires qui sont associés aux images négatives -guerre, violence, délinquance et risques- très ancrées dans imaginaire collectif et qui affectent non seulement l’imaginaire géographique du pays concerné, mais aussi celui de leurs destinations touristiques.Compte tenu de ces images négatives, les acteurs locaux de destinations touristiques vont construire une image qui met en valeur leurs propres atouts touristiques, mais qui, en même temps, éclipse son association directe avec son propre pays, en autres mots, une image déterritorialisée de la destination touristique. C’est à partir de cette situation paradoxale que cette thèse se penche sur le processus de construction, déconstruction et reconstruction des imaginaires géographiques et touristiques, à partir de l’analyse d’une ville patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco, Carthagène des Indes, située dans un pays longtemps associé aux images négatives, la Colombie. Ce travail propose une double lecture d’analyse, l’une centrée sur les acteurs locaux et leurs stratégies de production d’images touristiques, et l’autre, sur les touristes en tant que consommateurs et co-producteurs. Un accent particulier est mis sur l’analyse des informations issues de médias modernes (Internet et les réseaux sociaux) puisqu’ils participent activement dans la circulation de contenus visuels et textuels que façonnent les imaginaires géographiques et touristiques
Tourist imaginaries are strongly attached to geographical imaginaries. They are constructed through a process of representation where different mental images interact. These mental images are constructed from different information sources that we perceive in our daily lives. Information about places is disseminated through literature, painting, music, movies, television; tourist communication (brochures, posters, catalogs, postcards, photos, videos, television, guides); the experiences of others (travels, stories, etc.). All these idea-images of places circulate constantly on different scales (local, national, international) and shape our geographical and tourist imaginaries. As a result, tourism imaginaries are not fixed, they change over time, they are constantly reformulated or reaffirmed, they transform themselves.Today, with the globalization of tourism, which increases the competition between different territories, territorial actors are faced with the need to create attractive images in order to differentiate from other territories, in order to attract investments and tourists. However, the efforts made by territorial actors to create attractive images fail to give the expected results. This is the case of territories that are associated with negative images - war, violence, delinquency and risks – deeply rooted in the collective imaginary and which affect not only the geographical imaginary of the country concerned, but also that of their tourist destinations.Given these negative images, local actors of tourist destinations will build an image that enhances their own tourist attractions/attributes. However, at the same time, this eclipses its direct association with its own country, in other words, a deterritorialized image of the tourist destination.It is from this paradoxical situation that this thesis examines the construction, deconstruction and reconstruction process of geographical and tourist imaginaries, based on the analysis of a UNESCO World Heritage city, Cartagena de Indias, located in a country associated with negative images since a long time, Colombia. This research work proposes a double analysis, one focused on local actors and their strategies for producing tourist images, and the other on tourists as consumers and coproducers.Particular emphasis is put on the analysis of information from modern media (Internet and social networks) as they actively participate in the circulation of visual and textual content that shape geographical and tourist imaginaries

Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-77).
Over three million people were affected in the country by the rain season associated with "La Niña" phenomenon between April 2010 and June 201. Likewise, Colombia has the second largest number of internally displaced persons in the world: 6.3 million trailing only Syria with 7.6 millions victims, and followed by Iraq with 3.3 million (IDMC 2015b). Given the magnitude of displacement, this problem contributes the largest number of human rights violations in the country (HRW 2005). This research studies the dilemmas that accompany resettlement processes; the involuntary physical and social isolation of residents from access to services and public facilities; the consequences for economic well-being and quality of life, and the improvement of the personal security from crime and violence. This research will answer the following question: Why do resettlement processes create deteriorated socioeconomic livelihoods and fragmented communities? This thesis finds that while resettlement processes provide new built environments to address the physical needs of the displaced population, they do not address the needs that perpetuate poverty, vulnerability, and marginalization. The research explores the challenges and dilemmas that those communities face in order to inform discussions related to the physical, economic, and social reconstruction of communities in the aftermath of displacement. It also analyses the parallels and contrasts between 28 displaced families that went through the sponsored government program of resettlement process, and 10 families that decided to reconstruct their lives outside that program. The goal is to re-exanimate the policy, the specific approach of the state, and the gains and losses for the resettlement process. This thesis identifies potential recommendations for other displaced communities and for policymakers and non-profit organizations, examining how housing is necessary but not sufficient to resettle sustainable and resilient communities.
by Andrés Achury Garcia.
M.C.P.

L'objectiu bàsic de la investigació és determinar l'impacte real, pel que fa a eficiència i productivitat, que ha generat la incorporació tecnològica en les empreses manufactureres de Cartagena de Indias al llarg d'aquests últims anys. La tesi parteix d'una extensa recerca bibliogràfica que recull l'evolució i analitza l'estat actual del procés d'incorporació tecnològica des d'un punt de vista global, passant per Llatinoamèrica fins a arribar a Cartagena d'Índies (Colòmbia). Un cop determinat aquest estat i per tal de complir l'objectiu, s'estructura una enquesta que va aconseguir ser aplicada a una mostra representativa de la indústria manufacturera de Cartagena de Idias. Els resultats obtinguts per l'enquesta van incloure dades tant quantitatives com qualitatives. El pas següent va consistir en la conceptualització i la posterior aplicació de mètodes d'anàlisi per a tots dos casos. La triangulació metodològica es va constituir en la pedra angular per abordar el procés d'anàlisi integral. La part qualitativa de l'anàlisi va ser complementada amb la incorporació de tècniques matemàtiques específiques com l'anàlisi de regressió lineal múltiple i el Data Envelopment Analisys. La conjunció d'aquestes tècniques va portar a conclusions similars que van donar suport a allò adequat del mètode plantejat. Addicionalment, va permetre establir les variables que d'una o altra manera més impacten sobre aquest increment d'eficiència / productivitat. Per finalitzar la tesi i prenent com a base els resultats de les anàlisis qualitatives i quantitatives s'estableixen una sèrie de recomanacions i mecanismes d'apropiació contextualitzats per a Cartagena de Indias que en bona mesura permetran que en el futur immediat l'apropiació tecnològica sigui més reeixida en el que es refereix a increment de la productivitat i l'eficiència industrial.
El objetivo básico de la investigación es determinar el real impacto, en lo que a eficiencia y a productividad se refiere, que la incorporación tecnológica ha generado en las empresas manufactureras de Cartagena de Indias a lo largo de estos últimos años. La tesis parte de una extensa investigación bibliográfica que recoge la evolución y analiza el estado actual del proceso de incorporación tecnológica desde un punto de vista global, pasando por Latinoamérica hasta llegar a Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). Una vez determinado ese estado y en aras de cumplir el objetivo, se estructura una encuesta que logró ser aplicada en una muestra representativa de la industria manufacturera de Cartagena de Indias. Los resultados obtenidos por la encuesta incluyeron datos tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos. El paso siguiente consistió en la conceptualización y la posterior aplicación de métodos de análisis para ambos casos. La triangulación metodológica se constituyó en la piedra angular para abordar el proceso de análisis integral. La parte cualitativa del análisis fue complementada con la incorporación de técnicas matemáticas específicas como el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple y el Data Envelopment Analisys. La conjunción de estas técnicas llevó a conclusiones similares que respaldaron lo adecuado del método planteado. Adicionalmente permitió establecer las variables que de una u otra forma más impactan sobre ese incremento de eficiencia/productividad. Para finalizar la tesis y tomando como base los resultados de los análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos se establecen una serie de recomendaciones y mecanismos de apropiación contextualizados para Cartagena de Indias que en buena medida permitirán que en el futuro inmediato la apropiación tecnológica sea más exitosa en lo que se refiere a incremento de la productividad y la eficiencia industrial.
The main research objective is to determine the impact that technology incorporation has created in the efficiency and productivity of manufacturing companies in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) in recent years. The investigation begins with an extensive bibliographic research that reflects the trend and analyzes the current state of the art of technology incorporation from a global point of view, passing through Latin America and finishing in Cartagena de Indias. Having determined that “state of the art" and in thinking to meet the objective, a survey is structured and applied in a representative sample of the manufacturing industry of The City. The results of the survey included both quantitative and qualitative data. The next step consisted in the conceptualization and the subsequent implementation of analytical methods for both cases. Methodological triangulation became the cornerstone for managing the process of comprehensive analysis. The qualitative part of the analysis was complemented by the incorporation of specific mathematical techniques such as Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis. The combination of these techniques led to similar conclusions that supported the adequacy of the proposed method. Additionally, it helped to establish the variables that in one or another way produce more impact on this increase in efficiency / productivity. To complete the investigation and on the basis of the results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis the conclusions set out a series of recommendations and mechanisms of technological appropriation contextualized for Cartagena de Indias. These allow for the immediate future that technological appropriation be more successful in terms of increased productivity and industrial efficiency.

Dans un double contexte de croissance et de transformations urbaines marquees depuis les annees 1960, d'une part, d'affirmation du multiculturalisme a travers l'adoption d'une nouvelle constitution en 1991 qui donne un statut specifique aux "populations afrocolombiennes", d'autre part, il s'agit d'etudier les modalites de la "competence metisse" d'individus ayant a gerer leurs apparences racialeset celles de leurs interlocuteurs en situation d'interaction. Cette competence metisse est definie comme une capacite a connaitre, mobiliser, appliquer les regles et les valeurs propres a chaque situation, a passer d'un cadre normatif a un autre, a definir son role et celui des autres de facon interdependante. Elle conduit a poser trois questions : comment les chercheurs et les acteurs produisent-ils des categories d'identification dans un contexte de metissage ? comment les categorisations raciales et ethniques interviennent-elles dans la facon dont les individus evaluent, qualifient et identifient l'autre dans l'interaction ? quelles sont les modalites de la copresence et de la rencontre dans un cadre urbain d'individus aux apparences raciales differentes ? ces trois dimensions ont ete etudiees dans quatre situations qui rendent compte de la diversite des experiences urbaines et des trajectoires individuelles, et placent l'analyse sur des scenes regies par des determinants structurels differents : concours de beaute et image que la ville donne d'elle-meme, ethnicisation d'une partie de la population de cartagena, etiquetage racial des champetuos, chanteurs et amateurs de musique, marronnage identitaire des militants d'associations enfin.

The role of young people’s aspirations to achieve upward social mobility, social mobility being defined as people’s upward or downward movement in relation to others within the same society with respect to status or social class (Gough, 2008, Azevedo and Bouiilon, 2010), has been of increasing interest in international development. Especially for young people of disadvantaged social backgrounds, high aspirations are perceived as the main driver for future enhanced social conditions (Appadurai, 2004). With a particular focus on educational and occupational aspirations, young people are encouraged to aim for higher education and higher occupational outcomes to achieve upward social mobility (Kintrea et al., 2015). However this discourse shifts the responsibility of achieving upward social mobility and for being successful adults in the future, on to young people themselves, promoting social mobility as an individualised obligation (Brown, 2011, Spohrer, 2011). Yet social mobility and corresponding aspirations are not attained independently of young people’s social context. In order to enhance their social mobility they need to acquire the necessary social and cultural capitals and have access to adequate opportunities within their social and physical environment to navigate themselves towards their aspirations. Informed by ethnographic and participatory fieldwork, this thesis explores young Colombians’ (age 15-22) aspirations for social mobility in Cartagena and adds to the critique of the increasingly powerful discourse about the need to enhance disadvantaged young people’s aspirations in order to achieve upward social mobility (cf. Kintrea et al., 2015). Cartagena is described as a city of many realities, made up of ‘rich’ and ‘poor’ neighbourhoods, offering unequal opportunities to its residents. This stratification is one legacy of a long history of slavery and colonialism. I present young Cartagenians’ aspirations and what they perceive as drivers and constraints of social mobility. Drawing upon the concepts of habitus, and social and cultural capital, I analyse the importance of how young Cartagenians’ sense of belonging to poorer neighbourhoods influences their opportunities to achieve upward social mobility. This research contributes to the knowledge of young people’s attempts to formulate aspirations and navigate their way towards these within a post-colonial setting in the global South from a qualitative research II perspective. It explores the intersecting relationships between aspirations, belonging, spatial and social mobility, and opportunity structures accessible to young Cartageneros.

Notre travail de recherche est essentiellement axé sur la justification de l'esclavage du Noir à travers le discours des philosophes, des hommes politiques et de l'Eglise catholique. Carthagène des Indes en Colombie et le dix septième siècle constituent le contexte spatio – temporel sur lequel se focalise cette recherche que nous avons divisée en quatre parties. Dans la première partie, nous tentons de définir les raisons qui justifiaient la servitude de certains individus dans les sociétés occidentales et africaines afin de mieux comprendre le contexte dans lequel s'était déroulée la traite d'esclaves africains. Dans la deuxième partie, nous faisons un bref rappel de l'histoire de la ville de Carthagène des Indes, son rôle dans le trafic d'esclaves africains en tant que l'un des principaux ports dont disposait l'Espagne au Nouveau Monde. Dans la troisième partie qui constitue le noyau de notre investigation, nous énumérons certains arguments qui légitimaient la servitude des Noirs, tels que le préjudice de la couleur, la malédiction de Cham, l'hostilité de l'Afrique face à la propagation de la foi catholique. . . Tous ces arguments sont étudiés à travers les relations entretenues entre l'Eglise catholique et les esclaves noirs, l'Inquisition et ces esclaves, et le pouvoir civil et ces derniers. . . C'est également dans cette partie que nous exposons les différentes stratégies de résistance adoptées par ces esclaves pour contrer l'oppression dont ils étaient victimes. Enfin la quatrième partie est consacrée à l'étude des missionnaires jésuites espagnols Alonso de Sandoval et Pedro Claver qui étaient presque les seuls à s'être consacrés à l'évangélisation des Noirs en tentant par la même occasion d'humaniser les pratiques esclavagistes
Our matter of research is essentialy based on the justification of the black's slavery throughout the speeches of philisophers, politicians and the catholic church. Carthagena of Indias in Colombia and the seventeen century make up for the spatio-temporal context on which we have focused our research divided into four parts. In the first part, we try to define the reasons which justified servitude in western and african societies in order to have an acute picture of the environment in which the slave trade accured. In the second part, we briefly recall some facts of the history of Carthagena of Indias, its part played in the slave trade as one of the most considerable trading post at Spain's disposal in the New World. In the third part which constitutes the core of our investigation, we draw up an inventory of the arguments put forward to legitimate black slavory like prejudice of colour, Cham's curse, Africa hostility towards the promotion of christian faith. . . . We analyse these arguments throughout the relationship between the catholic church and the black slaves, the Inquisition and the black slaves, and finally between the masters and the black slaves. It's this part of research whicch helps us as well to discover the various strategies of resistance adopted by the slaves against all forms of oppression. In the fourth part, at last we study the figures of Alonso de Sandoval and of Pedro Claver who were the few jesuit missionaries to be devoted to the evangelizing of Blacks and to attempt to humanize slaves practics

Dans ce travail, nous avons développé une approche analytique du signal "niveau extrême" consistant à différencier et estimer la part de chaque composantes de variation du niveau de la mer (composantes de nature marégraphique, météorologique et hydrodynamique) afin de mieux définir le type d'aléa à l'origine des submersions. La méthode consiste à coupler l'approche « classique» - étude approfondie des données observées et des surcotes de tempêtes - à une modélisation numérique des facteurs météorologiques (modèle ADCIRC) et hydrodynamiques en zone de déferlement (modèle de propagation SWAN couplé aux modèles de déferlement SWASH et PCoulwave). Grâce à un système d'observation vidéo en front de mer (HORUS), les modélisations ont été validées en confrontant les niveaux simulés aux niveaux réellement observés sur le terrain. Notre recherche à été mené sur la péninsule de Bocagrande à Carthagène des Indes (Colombie). Le site, très vulnérable à la submersion marine, dispose d'une remarquable disponibilité de données instrumentales nécessaires à l'application de notre protocole expérimental. Ainsi nous avons contribué à une meilleure connaissance de la genèse des niveaux marins extrêmes, à une réflexion sur les relations entre ces niveaux et les évolutions morphologiques des plages après une crise érosive. Nous avons également permis d'améliorer la connaissance des aléas marins à l'échelle régionale et de leurs conséquences sur le site de Bocagrande. Compte tenu du rythme d'élévation du niveau moyen de la mer, les cartes de submersions et scénarii prospectifs montrent que la vulnérabilité pourrait atteindre un stade critique pour la viabilité des infrastructures d'ici 20 ans.

Au début du XXe siècle, un modèle centralisé est adopté pour l’approvisionnement en eau dans de nombreuses villes, dont Carthagène (Colombie) et Khartoum (Soudan). Ainsi, le réseau hydrique devient une technologie politique et un marqueur de la spatialité et des modes de vie urbains pour différents acteurs (administrateurs, techniciens et citadins). L’analyse comparée des stratégies d’accès, des usages quotidiens et de l’imaginaire lié à l’eau de deux populations urbaines et insulaires – Caño de Loro (Carthagène) et Tuti (Khartoum) – permet d’aborder la complexité des villes contemporaines. Dans la première partie, le réseau hydrique est restitué dans l’histoire de chaque ville où sa mise en place repose sur le renforcement ou l’émergence de certains rapports de pouvoir et sur une transformation dans la conception de la nature. Ce caractère relationnel et politique du réseau ouvre la voie, dans une deuxième partie, à l’analyse de la matérialité de l’eau et ses échanges comme producteurs de « localités » particulières au sein de l’espace urbain. L’analyse des relations entre sphères publiques et privées par le biais de la distribution de l’eau amène à discuter la pertinence de la notion de « gestion collective » des ressources en ville. La troisième partie aborde les mécanismes mobilisés par différents acteurs dans les projets de planification urbaine pour négocier leur marge d’action sur l’eau et la terre. Elle met en lumière la dimension politique des catégories d’appartenance et le pouvoir transformateur des actions collectives et individuelles dans des situations où la gestion des ressources est traversée par de logiques individuelles, locales, nationales et globales
At the turn of the twentieth century, numerous cities such as Cartagena (Colombia) and Khartoum (Sudan), adopted a centralized technical and administrative model for the management of drinking water. Associated since its construction to planned urban development projects, the water network constitutes a political technology and becomes a landmark of urban spatiality, for politicians as well as for technicians and urban dwellers. The compared analysis of access strategies, daily usage, and the role of water in the imagination of two populations with an ambiguous urban status – Caño de Loro (Cartagena) and Tuti (Khartoum) – allows us to approach the social complexity of contemporary cities in the South. The comparison supposes a reflexive orientation that leads us, over and beyond the socio-political dynamics of each context, to critically consider our categories of analysis. In the first part the water network is contextualized in the history of each city, where its recent apparition and setting up rests upon the reinforcement or creation of dense power relations, as well as a new conception of nature, particularly of water. Such relational and political features lead to, in the second part, an understanding of how the materiality of water and its sharing produces particular localities within the urban space. Therefore, the analysis of relations between public and private spheres through everyday water exchanges lets us discuss the relevance of the notion of “collective management” of resources in Cartagena and Khartoum. The third part considers the mechanisms draw on by different actors within the particular context of urban planning to negotiate their margin of action on land and water. It highlights the political dimension of identity categories as well as the transformative power of individual and collective actions in situations where resource management is crossed with individual, local, national, and global logics at the same time

Cette thèse étudie le Carnaval de Salvador de Bahia (Brésil) et les festivités de l’Indépendance de Carthagène des Indes (Colombie) dans l’optique de saisir comment leurs différentes formes de manifestations provoquent des tensions politiques, économiques et culturelles au sein de ces deux villes d’Amérique latine. Cette thèse argue que les festivités impliquent des relations antagonistes entre une forme hégémonique de célébration — associée aux pratiques et aux discours des élites urbaines — et d’autres formes diverses, dissidentes, et souvent marginalisées de participation. Dans ce cas, le carnaval et les festivités de Salvador et de Carthagène ne sont pas seulement des espaces de rencontre culturelle à travers les symboles, la danse et la musique, mais aussi des espaces politiques dans lesquels les identités, et les relations de classes et « raciales » sont contestées et reconfigurées. De plus, ces célébrations créent une opportunité pour des groupes différents de déployer de vives critiques envers leur position économique et politique dans un contexte urbain plus grand, qui est renforcé par le tourisme industriel global et les interventions d’un Etat multiculturel
This thesis studies the Carnival of Salvador de Bahia (Brazil) and the Independence Day Festivities in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) in order to understand how different ways of celebrating give rise to political, economic, and cultural tensions in these two Latin American cities. This thesis argues that these festivities involve an antagonist relationship between an hegemonic form of celebration— associated with the practices and discourses of the urban elites— and other diverse, dissident, and often marginalized forms of participating. In this way, the carnival and festivities in Salvador and Cartagena are not only spaces of cultural encounter through symbols, dance, and music, but also political spaces in which identities, and racial and class relations are contested and reconfigured. Furthermore, these celebrations create an opportunity for different groups to raise harsh criticism to their own economic and political position in a broader urban context that is highly shaped by the global tourism industry and the interventions of the multicultural state

Orientação: Eduardo Moraes Sarmento
Este estudo apresenta uma análise da competitividade e internacionalização da cidadede Cartagena como destino turístico e do mercado, tentando dar resposta à pergunta ¿Quais são as estratégias que se devem estabelecer para uma correção dos problemas relacionados com o Turismo em Cartagena para fazê-lo mais competitivo no mercado internacional? Desta forma pretende estabelecer estratégias para os problemas, conhecer os principais competidores com o objectivo de melhorar o produto turístico. Neste trabalho vai utilizar-se uma abordagem metodológica teórica, apoiada na investigação documental, que levará a um nível de exploração porque o propósito é destacar os aspectos das problemáticas apresentadas no sector turístico e encontrar os pontos chave para elaborar estratégias. Será descritivoe analítico para ganhar um diagnóstico do sector utilizando a matriz SWOT com a qual vamos elaborar estratégias para o futuro, utilizando questionários para saber o grau de satisfação e as inconformidades.
This study presents an analysis of the competitiveness and internationalization of the city of Cartagena as a tourist destination and it’s positioning in the market, trying to answer the question what are the strategies to be established to better face the problems of tourism sector in Cartagena and become more competitive in the international market. It also aims to establish strategies to the problems of the city of Cartagena, know what are their main competitors, in order to improve the tourism product and make it more competitive in the international arena. This dissertation presents a theoretical methodological approach, based on documentary research, an exploratory level because its purpose is to highlight aspects of the problems presented in the tourism sector and find the key points will be used to develop strategies. It will be a descriptive and analytical diagnosis of the sector, using the SWOT matrix with which improvement strategies be developed, survey techniques were used to determine the degree of satisfaction and disagreements.

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Creative writing
2031-01-01T00:00:00Z

This project is a relational ethnography that explores valuation as a social process and its relationship to the production and reproduction of inequality in urban space. I connect the subjective valuation process with struggles over material resources and the politics of recognition. With each chapter of this dissertation I demonstrate that race and ethnicity are encoded in the value of urban spaces through analyses of various micro-level meaning-making practices and structures that constitute cultural processes relevant to valuation. In addition to participant observation, I incorporate semi-structured photo-elicitation interviews, unstructured interviews, a semiotic analysis and analyses of existing literature to historicize the project. My overall epistemological objective is to marry a political and material focus on worth with a study of the mechanisms through which culture enters into valuation processes and, consequently, inequality.