Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carte littéraire'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 34 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Carte littéraire.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Messing, Sabrina. "Rhétorique, esthétique et imaginaire de la carte en littérature de jeunesse : du fond Jeanne Cappe aux productions contemporaines." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H071.
Full textWhether it is thanks to novels, children’s picture books or comics, children’s literature readership is oftentimes presented maps that work as much as narrative spatializations as spatialised narrations. The examination of the Jeanne Cappe Collection, which gathers published works from the end of the 1940s to the mid-1970s, and the examination of contemporary productions, attest that maps travel across children’s literature’s history and genres.The synchronic and diachronic perspectives, as well as the literary and iconographic approaches, improved with geography, cartographic and art histories quotation, not only make it possible to create a cartography of the map in children’s literature, but also to try and single out its rhetorical, aesthetic and imaginary purposes.In the end, what does the literary map in children’s literature reveal and, on the contrary, what does children’s literature do to literary maps?The first chapter deals with the map’s educational function, discussing the transmission of geographic knowledge in several genres (school novels, atlas, travel stories, and adventure novels). The cartographic writing of the history is also studied, especially how children’s literature uses the map as a historical narrative device within historical novels, among other genres.The second chapter focuses on the map materiality, so as to highlight its connexion with cartography history and artistic cartography. Studying the map’s physical identity reveals how numerous are the interactions in which bodies and senses – the characters’, thanks to the cartographic experience dramatization – and the readers’, handling, manipulating and checking the map – and text-shaped system) are remarkably stirred.The third chapter analyses the map as translated into images, symbols, words or settings. Observing that the world is shaped into a kind of representation leads to question the very notion of verisimilitude and the use of the cartographic language in literary maps. It shows the way to examine the literary imaginary presence within the cartographic imaginary. The map turned into literature is eventually discussed as an expression of how literature expands onto the map territory.Being cross-disciplinary, the rhetorical, aesthetic and imaginary discussions are to be found in all of three chapters : for it deals with literary maps, the question of language – of languages, since they achieve the convergence of both the cartographic language and the literary language – is at the heart of interactions between discursive objectives, style, materiality and imaginary of the map
Fontaine, Fanny. "La poétique de la dérive dans la littérature contemporaine (Laurent Mauvignier, Lin Bai, Imre Kertész)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA167/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the concept of drift, through a corpus of French, Hungarian and Chinese texts written by Laurent Mauvignier, Imre Kertész and Lin Bai, and published between the 1990s and 2014. Described by Guy Debord as a key word to experience the psychogeographic dimension of the city, the drift enables to study, through contemporary fictions, the important wandering of characters because they are deprived of existence and thus of a territory : their identity is no more attached to a place, but dissolved in many places or what is called non-places. We will thus study a topography of the gap between the self and its territory, as a first signal of an identity crisis. Then, this loss of a location invites us to focus on all the symptoms of the disappearance of the self, from living distress to any kind of ghostly dissolution of the self. Finally, the concept of drift questions representation because the writers have to express a floating identity, which has lost the meaning of existence and the meaning of language : how express this movement, how figure out the reconstruction of a contemporary self? Our thesis will show how the drift is a real poetics, an aquatic vision of the world and of literature
Arami, Sara. "Cartographies : rewriting the body and the nation in Contemporary Middle Eastern American women’s diasporic fiction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAC004.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the works of fiction written by contemporary Middle Eastern American women from the point of view of literary cartography. The works studied are Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf, Laila Halaby’s Once in a Promised Land and West of Jordan, Susan Muaddi Darraj’s The Inheritance of Exile, Alia Yunis’ The Night Counter and Diana Abu Jaber’s Crescent. The selected works of fiction all contribute to the questioning of the dominant discourses surrounding the Arab-American diaspora. The skepticism of the readers is aroused through presenting counter-histories or alternative versions to the stories and identities that they think they already know. Through a close reading of these works of fiction, the various chapters of the thesis trace an evolution of attempts to reappropriate the American myth to include Arab identity, to a mixture of the two (Western and Arab myths), and the rewriting of Arab stories in line with the American context
Muckensturm-Poulle, Claire. "Les gymnosophistes dans la littérature grecque de l'époque impériale." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100156.
Full textCOUTURIER, STOREY FRANCOISE. ""l'allegorie dans l'oeuvre de margaret atwood et d'angela carter"." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE2019.
Full textThis piece of research aims at analysing the notion of allegory in the work of two anglo-saxon writers, margaret atwood, a canadian, and angela carter, an englishwoman (who died in 1990). I define the term of allegory as follows: it consists in the balance of two forces, the didactic (the most dogmatic part of a work, the teaching that the author wishes to transmit to the reader through his work of fiction), and fantasy (a notion that brings together all imaginary discourses, such as the fantastic, the marvellous, science-fiction, utopia/dystopia, the gothic, etc. ). The first part of the dissertation analyses allegory as an ambivalent discourse, often rejected by critics but truly present in most works of literature. In this part the link between allegory and feminism is also put under scrutiny. Indeed, we may wonder why a great majority of texts written by women often has an allegorical dimension, dissimulating behind fantasy a polemical discourse of a political, sexual or social nature. The second part analyses the work of margaret atwood in relation to allegory, in particular through two novels, surfacing and the handmaid's tale. Her poems are also taken in consideration. The third and last part studies the work of angela carter, in particular through her short stories and five novels that illustrate the evolution of her thought around allegory: the infernal desire machines of doctor hoffman, the passion of new eve, nights at the circus, heroes and villains, and her last novel wise children
Gonneaud, Justine. "L'androgyne dans la littérature britannique contemporaine : évolution et métamorphoses d'une figure." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30048.
Full textThis study tackles the aesthetics, politics and ethics of androgyny, focusing on five novels of contemporary British writers: Brigid Brophy’s In Transit, Angela Carter’s The Passion of New Eve, Jeanette Winterson’s Written on the Body, Peter Ackroyd’s Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem and Will Self’s Cock and Bull. The first part examines the aestheticdimension of androgyny, a myth of metamorphic value that destabilizes notions of space, time, bodily constraints and gendered identity. The second part analyses the interplay between the grotesque and hybrid dimensions of the hermaphroditic body in reclaiming the monstrous as a means to renegotiate identity in terms of a multiplicity and to redefine the relationship of the individual to Otherness. This finally allows to examine the political and ethical values ofthe hermaphrodite that articulates the non-foundational Levinasian ethics of alterity with the more practical approach to otherness of the ethics of care
Dewez, Frédéric. "Cartes, routes et chemins symboliques dans l'Enéide." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0901.
Full textThe anthropology allows us, in its recent headways, to understand better the complexity of the symbolic world of the Antiquity. Virgile and its Enéide propose us an example of this complexity, and our analyses will try hard to imagine the big epic Roman as narrative giving to see in a coded way a series of maps, roads and symbolic roads, tending to define initiatory ways. We shall track down more particularly two networks. At first, an initiatory process establishing a map of the progress of Enée in the middle of the fauna and of the flora. Then, and in correspondence with this ground level, we shall establish a correspondence with a heavenly map, what will bring to light two zodiacal areas serving a spiritual project of Enée. From these materials, and by widening our analysis, we shall try to raise the problem of the representation in a symbolic perspective
Parsons, Hentges Jane. "Double je et jeux du double dans les romans d'Angela Carter." Bordeaux 3, 1999. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=1999BOR30041.
Full textBen, Abdallah Sondes. "La femme face à la société néolibérale : regards écocritiques, écoféministes et postcoloniaux sur la littérature italienne contemporaine." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30003.
Full textThis thesis addresses the presence of female characters in the contemporary Italian Novel from the viewpoint of care relationships, in relation to ecology and democracy. From an ecofeminist and postcolonial perspective, we attempt to study the relationship of the female protagonists of the contemporary Italian Novel to the 'places' they inhabit. Through the literary analysis of three essential novels, our work consists of showing the role of literature in the reinstatement of aesthetics in ethics by presenting women in literature as a symbol of resistance to the ecological crisis, to uprooting and unrestrained neoliberalism. In the vast panorama of contemporary Italian literature, we have chosen to get closer to these women who, like polluted or confiscated lands and colonized populations, are voiceless because they are subordinate to neoliberal culture. Studied from an ecofeminist, postcolonial point of view and according to the ethics of care, the image of the protagonist woman of the contemporary Italian novel can offer a new reading of the challenges facing current feminism. Marilina Labruna by Carmen Covito in La bruttina stagionata, Estrellita in L'Iguana by Anna Maria Ortese or immigrant women in contemporary Italy in the novels Amiche per la pelle by Laila Wadia, Adua d'Igiaba Scego and Pecore nere are all different expressions of democracy in the sense that they represent figures of resistance to uprooting and cultural assimilation
Nègre, Julien. "L' arpenteur et le vagabond : cartes et cartographies dans l'oeuvre de Henry David Thoreau." Paris 7, 2014. http://books.openedition.org/enseditions/11632.
Full textAs a professional surveyor, Thoreau was familiar with maps and their history. He appreciated their exactitude and the immediate and panoptic knowledge of space one can gain from them. Yet he was also aware that they could be used for territorial appropriation and exploitation - especially in the 1840s and 50s in the US - and that mapping draws enclosures that limit the scope of possibilities. This thesis is a detailed study of the numerous maps used, copied and annotated by Thoreau in the course of his writing career. As a surveyor and a saunterer all at once, Thoreau conceived of his texts as the place where he could combine his fascination with cartographic accuracy and his taste for lexical as well as political disorientation and extravagance. Chapter 1 examines the nature of mapping processses and identifies the four types of maps that Thoreau was familiar with. Chapter 2 looks at the texts written in the 1840s and shows how Thoreau questions the very notion of discovery - a central idea in his time. Chapter 3 shows how Waiden, Cape Cod and The Maine Woods were written with the help of specific maps, even as Thoreau's prose takes the form of an exercise in disorientation. Chapter 4 addresses Thoreau's political essays and shows how his experience as a surveyor was the starting point for a reflection on language and the way it maps the world. Chapter 5 looks at later texts about nature and reads them as the achievement of Thoreau's reflections on space and community
Dewez, Frédéric. "Cartes, routes et chemins symboliques dans l'Énéide." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923469.
Full textAirey, John. "Voyage sans cartes : la problématique de l'interprétation dans trois textes de Graham Greene : "The Heart of the Matter", "Journey Without Maps" et "The Power and the Glory"." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10017.
Full textMarzi, Laura. "« I’m not only a casualty, I’m also a warrior » : LA personnage de la travailleuse domestique : exemples d'héroisme de genre dans les récits littéraires de travail du care." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080096.
Full textThis thesis is an interdisciplinary research between care and literature, based on the assumption of an interdependence between the two perspectives. My work relies on the idea that literature can be a research instrument particularly suitable on work and care relation, precisely because novels can recount ordinary stories. Indeed, care is not a general ontological principle, it is related to specific situations, concrete. Then, literary narratives Slow Man by John M. Coetzee and Maria by Lalla Romano, basis of my analysis, reverse the condition of invisibility that affects care workers in our society. In novels and sociological works analyzed, care-givers occupy the main stage : they are heroines, not in the sense of universal male heroism, but in one that emerges from the care stories read from a gender perspective. Finally, the analysis of novels Maria and Slow Man has also inspired reflection on the Unheimliche. The character of the care-giver is a source of uncanny, because she is a woman, and that her job is to take care of what is familiar, but should have remained hidden: the human vulnerability. Moreover, very often the care-giver is a foreign woman who disturbs the space of domesticity and intimacy. Through the double perspective of feminist literary criticism and ethics of care we propose a new gendered reading of the uncanny in social representations, literary and symbolic
Luis, Raphaël. "La carte et la fable. Stevenson, modèle de la fiction latino-américaine (Bioy Casares, Borges, Cortázar)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3040/document.
Full textThe international recognition of Latin American literature during the twentieth century has been interpreted by critics as a result of a Modernist influence, mainly through the reading of James Joyce and William Faulkner. Some Latin American writers, though, pursued other strategies : Bioy Casares, Borges and Cortázar used the foundations of popular literature (fantastic, detective or horror literature, adventure novel) to reconfigure the relations between the literary field and the political, national and cultural injonctions. For that purpose, Robert Louis Stevenson’s work on popular audience and generic hybridity at the end of the Victorian era can be seen as an ideal point of reference, thanks to its complexity and constant experimentation. The aim of the present study is to analyse this process using world literature’s conceptual and theorical tools. Stevenson can thus be seen as a model to think and resolve some geographical and literary dilemmas
Buschinir, Marie-Pascale. "Le voyage héroïque dans quatre romans d'Angela Carter (1940-1992) : Heroes and Villains (1969), The infernal desire machines of Doctor Hoffman (1972), The passion of new Eve (1977), Nights at the Circus (1984)." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030032.
Full textRites of passage, myths, heroic and initiation journeys are common in carter's fiction. Several literary genres (utopia, dystopia, gothic, picaresque, science fiction, fantastic) help carter to update and subvert those themes, thus highlighting the ideological content of myth, as defined by barthes. The adventures of carter's young heroes follow traditional initiation patterns (separation, initiation, return) and take place in predictable symbolical places. Physical and psychological monsters abound. Monsters illustrate relations of power between adolescents and terrible mother and father figures on the one hand, and between young men and women on the other hand. Dominating the other is the main issue in these meetings ; it involes violent behaviour, sexual abuse, occasionally cannibalism. Such confrontations are also rites of passage for carter's heroes, where what is really at stake is acknowledging and accepting otherness, especially the radical difference between the sexes. Ideology and mythology finally merge when the feminist issue of the oppression of women in patriarchal societies parallells the oppression of the poor by those in power. Yet, there is a marked evolution over the years. Carter's early heroes' attempts to dominate and destroy the other gradually evolve, turning into a quest for one's own identity. After the predatory and aggressive heroes of her first novels, discovering oneself becomes the priority of later ones, which helps them to accept the other and culminates in a joyful sensuous celebration of life. This new tolerance changes the way carter's heroes see the other and eliminates the potential threat of otherness. As others are not seen as monsters any more, the heroic pattern is later abandoned in carter's fiction
Gonneaud, Justine. "L'ANDROGYNE DANS LA LITTERATURE BRITANNIQUE CONTEMPORAINE : EVOLUTIONS ET METAMORPHOSES D'UNE FIGURE." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986694.
Full textAranzueque, Gabriel. "Caute lege : la recepción de Michel de Montaigne en el barroco cortesano español (1580-1700)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0035.
Full textStarting from the analysis of the production and distribution methods that promoted the dissemination of Michel de Montaigne’s Essays in Spain during the 17th Century, this thesis tackles the process of reception and appropriation of the French author by some sectors of the Habsburg Court at Madrid. In order to do this, it focuses on the study of the origins of the copies of the Essays that have reached us, on the history of the libraries of the period that possessed some printed edition and on the works of those Spanish writers that quoted, either expressly or in a veiled form, some passages thereof. The cornerstone of the research is constituted by the diplomatic transcription and the historic and linguistic scrutiny of the handwritten translation of the first book of the Essays, carried out between 1634 and 1637 by the former Carmelite friar Diego de Cisneros, theologian and collaborator of the Holy Office. After being included in the Index of forbidden books in 1632 and, whilst fully at war with France, Diego de Cisneros, encouraged by the Inquisitor Pedro Pacheco, a personal friend of Francisco de Quevedo, commenced the task of accommodating the Montaigne’s thought to Roman Catholic orthodoxy. The result is a faithful version that includes some minor errors and amendments that do not affect the general sense of the work, as well as numerous warnings on the more compromising phrases or words that had to be read with care and caution
Bentley, Lucile. "Les empreintes des corps dans l'oeuvre d'Alice Munro." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20062.
Full textThis dissertation examines the relationship between the representation of bodies in Alice Munro’s work and the imprint process as characterized by Georges Didi-Huberman. The description of the characters’ bodies gives evidence of the same dialectical essence as imprints: it attempts to fix the body matter while making movement visible, it is the product of a contact but becomes apparent only from a distance and its unicity foreshadows its multiplicity. The body and its link to the world around also displays a relationship of resemblance and contact based on reciprocity. It is conveyed through words and an expression that tends to lyricism. Finally, bodies represented in Munro’s fiction are not mere copies of the real but are creative and interpersonal as they become the very material of artistic creation. This study of the representation of bodies in Alice Munro’s work attempts to show what being attentive to bodies entails, in particular in the context of care studies, and how this attention to bodies influences fictional writing
Gaillard, Sophie. "Écrivains et metteurs en scène à l'école du Cartel. L'épreuve de la collaboration." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA178.
Full textThe accounts given by writers and directors, widely reported by dramatic and academic critics, have given rise to legends concerning the theatrical work, and have reduced the partnerships between creators to one of either conflict or perfect harmony. By comparing the teachings of the Cartel school – from the foundation of the Vieux-Colombier (1913) to the achievements of its legacy – and the collaborations begun in the theatre and at the writer’s desk, we propose to bring to light the logic determining the balance of powers between creators and to explore its effect on the practice and the poetry of the theatrical.The first part of the study sheds light, from a historical perspective, on the relations between writers and directors in the first two-thirds of the century and shows the central role played by the Copeau school. It examines the way in which the collaborators perceive one another and the way they conceive their work within a collaborative setting.The second part is dedicated to the relationships of five heirs of the Cartel school (Barsacq, Meyer, Serreau, Barrault and Blin) with three generations of authors (Claudel, Gide, Anouilh, Couturier, Ionesco, Beckett, Schehadé and Keineg) and considers, from a genetic perspective, the role of the writers in the stage production. It highlights the efforts of dramatists to assert their legitimacy and questions the place of the text in the creators’ debates. The third part of the study examines the range of functions of the director during the writing process and explores the possible influence it has on the poetry of dramatists and on the printed work
Desblache, Lucile. "Les animaux dans le roman d'aujourd'hui : analyse d'une présence contrastée en littératures anglophone et francophone." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF20020.
Full textMartín, Santamaría Enrique. "Cartografías imposibles. Las ciudades imaginarias de Mario Levrero." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL085.
Full textProjected cities in literature have been proven to be ideal spaces to understand the tensions of our time. By representing the social contradictions produced by the economy, the unequal access to power or the coexistence between different cultural groups, they allow us to reflect on the complex characteristics of a world in permanent transformation. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the literary cities of Mario Levrero as narrative devices with which to observe the coming to an end of certain political, social and cultural projects of the twentieth century in the face the emergence of a model that tends towards the dissolution of the regional in the global. This work is based on a theoretical assumption that can be summarized as follows: the greater the complexity of our political and economic system, the greater the difficulty in imagining and representing the reality we are a part of. This is particularly clear in the urban representations of Levrero, which symbolize the sense of disorientation that distinguishes the postmodern subject before the failure of every attempt to map any aspect of contemporary reality. This allows us to analyze the political significance of these representations: they entail, on the one hand, a diagnosis of hopelessness for the present and, on the other, an outlook of failure for the future. The cities of Levrero function as backgrounds for the collapse of a known world and the emergence of a brand new one with characters that lack any tools for its interpretation
Nguyen, Thi Tuyet Trinh. "L'imaginaire colonial français de l'Indochine 1890-1935." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2001/document.
Full textThe diaries of French soldiers participated in Vietnam’s pacification (1885-1900) did not follow the colonial stereotype perception. . Textbooks of the Third Republic in contrast, exalt the Indochinese conquest and believe in future necessary developments. This is also found in young adult literature which puts more emphasis on Indochinese natural environment for all dreams and adventures. However, the French public opinion was properly primarily marked by numerous colonial expositions where presence of Indochinese countries was more and more important, at peak with the Great international colonial exposition in Paris 1931. Particularly, a new heritage perception on diversity and specificity of Indochinese Art emerges (Annamite, Cham, Khmer and Lao) where Khmer art was dominant for a long time. This perception, with helps of colony’s learning societies (Ecole Française d’Extrême Orient, Société des Amis du Vieux Hué) is one of the major contribution of colonial tourism. However, these representations of pacified Indochina, emberked on the path of civilization and developments, are undetermined quickly by the flow of information about Vietnamese uprising in 1930 and their repressions. The voices of increasing number of Vietnamese in france (students, workers, intellectuals and independant activits) and well-known reporters (Andrée Viollis) then converge and tremble together one coloniale image. Any work of Francophone literature (for essentially romances and considered authors 'Indochinese") for a long time, since Jules Boissière to Pouvourville and until Farrère, has been constrasted with colonial societies (Farrère, Les Civilisés, 1905), finding of an irrefutable attachement between Vietnameseand their independence (Jules Boissière)
Boeri, Elisa. "Architecture, théorie et représentation au temps de la Révolution française : les dessins de l'architecture civile de Jean-Jacques Lequeu (1757-1826) à la Bibliothèque nationale de France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H041.
Full textThe research aims to explore the figure of Lequeu in the cultural and architectural panorama of the French Revolution, proposing a critical distance from the famous drawings named Figures lascives. Our analysis focused on what constitutes the core of his graphic work: the numbered drawings of Architecture Civile, that Lequeu drafts from 1778 and now conserved at the Cabinet des estampes of Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris). Visionary in its attempt to create a new conception of architectural drawing, Lequeu developed the character of its architecture, where the most of eighteenth century's contradictions are concentrated. lnevitably attracted to the modern, it has systematically horror oh that, and turns his eyes to an idealized past, dreamed but elusive port. lt is in this juxtaposition of elements, which of place of Lequeu: no architect before him has tried such a great mix of different interests and skills. The link with the art of his time, who discovers, for the first lime, the psychological introspection, describes the role of Lequeu in the history of European architecture. The drawings of Architecture Civile interpret both the anguish of an artist struggling with the old, and the modernity of the French technical culture of the eighteenth century
Vakilifard, Amirreza. "Effets de la stratégie d'enseignement de carte conceptuelle de type hiérarchique sur la compréhension littérale et inférentielle de textes informatifs en langue seconde." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6482.
Full textSaint-Laurent-Sénécal, Flavie. "L’écriture autofictionnelle dans La carte et le territoire de Michel Houellebecq et L’été de la vie de J.M. Coetzee." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21262.
Full textLanglois, Alexis. "Classification automatique de textes pour les revues de littérature mixtes en santé." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19109.
Full textThe interest of health researchers and policy-makers in literature reviews has continued to increase over the years. Mixed studies reviews are highly valued since they combine results from the best available studies on various topics while considering quantitative, qualitative and mixed research methods. These reviews can be used for several purposes such as justifying, designing and interpreting results of primary studies. Due to the proliferation of published papers and the growing number of nonempirical works such as editorials and opinion letters, screening records for mixed studies reviews is time consuming. Traditionally, reviewers are required to manually identify potential relevant studies. In order to facilitate this process, a comparison of different automated text classification methods was conducted in order to determine the most effective and robust approach to facilitate systematic mixed studies reviews. The group of algorithms considered in this study combined decision trees, naive Bayes classifiers, k-nearest neighbours, support vector machines and voting approaches. Statistical techniques were applied to assess the relevancy of multiple features according to a predefined dataset. The benefits of feature combination for numerical terms, synonyms and mathematical symbols were also measured. Furthermore, concepts extracted from a metathesaurus were used as additional features in order to improve the training process. Using the titles and abstracts of approximately 10,000 entries, decision trees perform the best with an accuracy of 88.76%, followed by support vector machine (86.94%). The final model based on decision trees relies on linear interpolation and a group of concepts extracted from a metathesaurus. This approach outperforms the mixed filters commonly used with bibliographic databases like MEDLINE. However, references chosen for training must be selected judiciously in order to address the model instability and the disparity of quantitative and qualitative study designs.
Hétu, Dominique. "Geographies of Care and Posthuman Relationality in North American Fiction by Women." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18452.
Full textThis dissertation explores how seven contemporary North-American novels written by women illustrate the primacy of relationality. To achieve this goal, I use the notions of “geographies of care” and “posthuman care” critically to uncover, in the texts, gestures, and attitudes of care that facilitate, despite obstacles, the appropriation of social and intimate structures through the development of spaces and relationships of solidarity. This study places caring and discursive practices into dialogue to circumscribe “les inégalités structurelles et les enjeux de domination qui touchent les sujets marginalisés” (Bourgault & Perreault 11). The first chapter consists of a theoretical discussion at the intersection of emotional geography (Davidson, Bondi & Smith, Anderson & Smith), feminist space theory (Shands, Miranne & Young, Massey), care ethics (Laugier, Tronto, DeFalco), and critical posthumanism (Braidotti, Hayle). I expose the interconnections between care and relational space before showing the relevance of geographies of care over the notion of home. Finally, I introduce the idea of posthuman care as a critical tool for reading new subjectivities and for complicating the input of care when intersubjective relations involve the nonhuman. Chapter two explores caring and spatial preservation and protection practices in the novels Housekeeping and Room, by looking at how each text illustrates difficulties of caregiving and care receiving in contexts of patriarchal oppression, social marginalization, and familial tensions. It also sets certain theoretical and methodological beacons regarding the reading and the configuring, as a privileged reader, of representations of fragile subjectivities and spaces of domination in the texts. The third chapter investigates two novels that dramatize domestic spaces marked by exclusion, power dynamics, and control of the body: The Birth House and Sous béton. In both novels the geographies of care expose complex links between notions of relational proximity, belonging and autonomy as the characters’ everyday struggle is characterized by constraining social, moral and scientific conventions that tend to dehumanize those who do not fit. Chapter four analyzes how the burden of trauma and ghostly figures affect the relational experiences of characters, their sense of hospitality and ability to heal. The novels Home and Le ciel de Bay City illustrate how these ghostly figures symbolize and testify to the interconnections between memory, trauma, and responsibility and uncover links between past and present that care illuminates. And finally, Chapter five addresses the notion of “posthuman care” directly by returning to Sous béton and Room, in which the characters evolve through interactions with the nonhuman. I also address the post-apocalyptic novel The Year of the Flood, in which the protagonists make use of strategies of resistance that foster solidarity, healing, and easier adaptation to techno-scientific excesses.
Bouffard, Maud. "Développement professionnel au regard de la littératie en santé : vers un modèle en milieu de travail." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18357.
Full textProblématique : Les milieux de la santé connaissent d’importants changements dans leur fonctionnement avec l’émergence de pratiques basées sur la participation et l’engagement des patients. Appelés à être partenaires, bon nombre d’adultes ne sont toutefois pas en mesure de traiter et d’utiliser l’information en lien avec leur santé en raison d’un faible niveau de littératie. Aussi, les intervenantes et intervenants du milieu cherchent à développer leur compréhension du phénomène et leurs compétences afin de fournir une information accessible à ces personnes et favoriser leur autonomie dans leurs démarches de santé. Or, peu de données empiriques existent quant au développement de ces compétences en milieu du travail. Objectif : Décrire la façon dont des intervenantes et intervenants développent, en cours de pratique, les compétences permettant de soutenir la participation d’une clientèle de faible niveau de littératie à ses soins de santé. Méthodologie : Trente entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées auprès d’intervenantes et intervenants inscrits dans une pratique orientée vers l’autonomie et la participation d’une clientèle à risque sur le plan de la littératie : 9 en médecine et pharmacie, 9 en soins infirmiers, 9 dans des champs connexes (nutrition, psychologie, travail social, etc.) et 3 agissant à titre de pairs aidants. En s’appuyant sur Le Boterf (2009, 2010), un modèle de développement de la compétence articulant les trois dimensions suivantes a orienté l’analyse des données : 1) la pratique professionnelle et la performance, soit « ce que je fais/les résultats », 2) la réflexivité, « ce que je pense/vis dans ma pratique » et 3) les ressources, « ce que j'utilise pour apprendre/pour agir. » Le traitement des données, via des cartes conceptuelles, a mené à un modèle de développement professionnel en milieu de travail validé auprès de 5 des personnes interviewées, mais aussi à un modèle de bonnes pratiques au regard de l’agir en matière de pro-littératie. Résultats : Les « bonnes pratiques » identifiées reposent sur quatre piliers, soit 1) mettre en œuvre un partenariat dans et au regard des soins dans une perspective « patient » en lien avec la maladie, la langue et l’écrit; 2) porter attention à des indicateurs de la littératie autres que la scolarité; 3) personnaliser la communication; 4) faciliter l’accès et l’utilisation de l’information, notamment par un soutien pour Internet. Les résultats orientent vers un apprentissage professionnel essentiellement autodirigé s’actualisant par une orchestration de moyens pour apprendre, tant structurés que spontanés, dans l’environnement de travail. Les savoirs « experts » liés à une pratique pro-littératie semblaient détenus par les personnes au sein de l’organisation. Les patients intervenant dans les équipes interprofessionnelles se sont avérés des ressources clés pour développer des savoirs au regard de la communication avec une clientèle qui a un vocabulaire et une façon d’apprendre qui peuvent être différents. Retombées : Le modèle de développement professionnel proposé identifie plusieurs cibles pour soutenir et favoriser le développement des compétences en littératie en milieu de travail. Les groupes d’échange et de travail, notamment ceux intégrant des patients, créent des espaces propices à une coconstruction des savoirs nécessaires à une pratique pro-littératie.
Context : Health care organizations and communities are experiencing significant changes with the emergence of practices based on patients’ participation and engagement. Called to be partners, many adults, however, are not able to process and use information related to their health because of low literacy. Hence, health professionals and community stakeholders are expected to develop their practices and their skills in order to reach them adequately so that they take an active role for their health. However, little empirical data exist regarding the development of these skills in a work-based environment. Objective : Describe how health care practitioners develop their skills to support the participation of patients with low literacy. Methodology : Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with male and female workers enrolled in practices oriented towards autonomy and participation of those at risk in terms of literacy : 9 in medicine and pharmacy, 9 in nursing, 9 in related fields (nutrition, psychology, social work ...) and 3 peer support workers. Building on Le Boterf (2009, 2010), a model of competence development articulating the following three dimensions has oriented data analysis : 1) professional practice and performance, that is "what I do / the results"; 2) reflexivity, "what I think and live in my practice"; and 3) resources, "what I use to learn / to act." Data processing, through concept maps, led to a model of workplace’s professional development validated with five of those interviewed and also to a model of good practices. Results : From the data, "good practices" emerged as based on the following four pillars that required to : 1) implement a partnership in health care within a patient’s perspective in terms of his or her disease and spoken/written language; 2) pay attention to indicators of literacy other than education; 3) personalize communication; 4) facilitate access and use of information, including support for Internet. Results show a professional development, mainly self-directed, together with structured and spontaneous learning within the work environment. Knowledge "experts" associated with "good practices" in health literacy seemed held by people within the organization. Patients involved in interprofessional teams appeared to be key resources to develop knowledge in terms of communication with an adult who has his own vocabulary and way of learning. Applications : The proposed professional development model identifies several targets in the workplace to support and promote skills development towards literacy. Exchange and working groups, including those incorporating patients, create spaces conducive to co-construction of necessary knowledge for effective practice in literacy.
Deschênes, Marjolaine. "Identité narrative et temporalité chez Christian Bobin : l'écriture du care comme réplique poétique au désenchantement." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7118.
Full textThis thesis on the work of Christian Bobin (1951-) is first and foremost a study of lyricism and contemporary disenchantment. Within the frame of these two modes of discourse, I interpret the French author’s ethical and poetic discourse of “simple enchantment”. From a hermeneutical perspective, I test the hypothesis according to which Bobin’s works convey a poetic discourse by “replying” (Ricoeur) to a certain dominant intellectual discourse directed against him, but also by reiterating many of his credos. The first part of this thesis presents the theoretical frame and method (comparatist), and defines lyricism and disenchantment as an interpretive horizon. The second part, which questions the author’s “poethic” (Pinson) identity (understood as category of the text), unveils the manner in which Bobin sees disenchantment and nihilism: by masculinizing disenchantment, linking it to logos, and by feminizing enchantment, associating it with muthos. The belief in authentic time is maintained by valorizing behaviours and temporal attitudes in accordance with the ethic of authenticity (Rousseau), whereas the bias of the feminine corresponds to the valorization of attitudes in accordance with the ethic of kindness (Levinas). Because the first ethic relies on the subject’s time and the second favours the other’s time, an initial paradox emerges at the heart of the conveyed speculative messages, which are freighted with the author’s discourse on time, men, women and kindness. In the third part, I illuminate the author’s grand ethical project: writing to care for, to nurse. After defining Bobin’s “writing of care”, I look at the founding feminine figures of his work and note that the author’s ambition is threefold: first, to care for the present; second, to protect women from misogyny and to reassert the value of care attitudes for which they are traditionally recognized; and third, to comprehend, defuse, and beautify their “madness”. Hence, a second paradox emerges: the simultaneous valorization of carnal figures inscribed in temporality (maternity) and those outside time (ecstasy). A look at Bobinian “women still to come” will reveal three anticipated figures committed to the practice of caregiving. Finally, not only is Bobinian poethic illuminated, but a light is also shed on central poetic and ethical postures in the West, which many lyrical poets adopt “in times of distress” (Hölderlin).
Kaur, Navdeep. "Development and randomized controlled trial evaluation of “Safeguard Your Smile” an oral health literacy intervention promoting oral hygiene self-care behavior among Punjabi immigrants." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19327.
Full textBackground: Research shows that immigrants have higher rates of oral diseases, poorer access to dental care services and lower levels of health literacy than their Canadian-born peers. Recently, oral health literacy has emerged as a potential pathway to reduce oral health disparities. Existent scarcity and methodological shortcomings of studies on oral health literacy interventions particularly among immigrants lent urgency to our present research study. Objectives: The overarching goal of present research study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an oral health literacy intervention aimed to promote positive oral hygiene self-care behavior among Punjabi immigrants. To achieve this goal, we conducted four separate studies having following objectives: i) To conduct a scoping review to identify and synthesize the current evidence and knowledge gaps on the topic of oral health literacy. ii) To develop a culturally and linguistically appropriate educational material (photonovel) for Punjabi immigrants using a community based participatory approach. iii) To develop a theoretically grounded oral health literacy intervention aimed to improve oral hygiene self-care behavior among Punjabi immigrants. iv) To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed oral health literacy intervention aimed to promote positive oral hygiene self-care behavior among Punjabi immigrants. Results: The main findings of our four investigations were: 1) Findings of the first study affirmed a need to develop new assessment tools to capture all dimensions of oral health literacy and highlighted scarcity of oral health literacy interventions among vulnerable populations particularly among immigrants. Also, it affirmed that low oral health literacy is positively and significantly related to poor oral health knowledge, poor oral health behaviour and poor oral health outcomes. 2) In the second study, the focus group meetings revealed four themes identifying following perceptions held by Punjabi immigrants regarding oral hygiene self-care: i) lack of understanding about oral hygiene self-care related knowledge and risk factors; ii) lack of oral hygiene self-care related adequate skills and routine; iii) lack of emphasis on prevention by oral health care providers; and iv) perceived barriers to access dental health. Findings of the focus group discussions were used to develop an educational material (photonovel) for Punjabi immigrants. 3) The third study developed a theoretically grounded oral health literacy intervention aimed to improve oral hygiene self-care behavior by employing “Behaviour Change Wheel” (BCW) method. Using the BCW method, we first identified various barriers and enablers and linked those with specific intervention functions, policy categories and behavior change techniques identified from the range of options provided by the BCW. Six intervention functions (education, training, modeling, restriction, environmental restructuring and enablement) were subsequently mapped to two policy categories (communication and service provision) since they met the APEASE criteria. 4) In the fourth study, linear mixed model analysis for repeated measures comparing the intervention and control groups at pre-and post-intervention reported that participants who received “Safeguard Your Smile” intervention showed significant improvement in their adequately brushing and flossing routine and in their plaque and gingival indices and oral health literacy than control group participants. Conclusions: The novel attempt of the present research study of developing and evaluating a theoretically grounded and community based oral health literacy intervention among Punjabi immigrants has addressed a deficit in this field and proposed a model of oral health literacy intervention that could be adapted among other low oral health literate communities to reduce the oral health disparities.
Gagnon, Chainey Benjamin. "Les amants funambules, suivi de Sur le fil des langages : la désorientation sexuelle du patient Guibert." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20119.
Full textKoay, Elvina. "Building Blocks : Children's Literature and the Formation of a Nation, 1750-1825." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9692.
Full text“Building Blocks: Children’s Literature and the Formation of a Nation, 1750-1825” examines how children’s literature imbues young readers with a sense of nationalism and national identity through the understanding of spaces and spatial relationships. The thesis studies various children’s works by Thomas Day, Sarah Fielding, Mary Wollstonecraft, Richard Lovell and Maria Edgeworth, Charles and Mary Lamb, Sarah Trimmer, Lucy Peacock, Priscilla Wakefield, John Aikin, and Anna Laetitia Barbauld. The various thematic subjects utilised reflect how boundaries between the exterior and interior dimensions, between the physical world and the psychological realm, are blurred. Drawing from the works of educational thinkers, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, writings for children highlight the importance of sensory experiences, which inform the internal developments of individuals. In return, the projection of imagination and the investment of feelings help shape the way people interact with the material world and with one another to form a nation. Using a Foucauldian approach, this thesis shows how discipline is instilled in children, turning them into regulated subjects. Through confessions and discourse, children subscribe to the notion of surveillance and transparency while an appreciation of public opinion further encourages the practice of self-control. Children become not only blank slates, susceptible to impressions, but readable bodies of writing. The values and norms of society are internalised, as children become part of the system that they adopt. The significance of visibility is also underscored in the popularity of the Linnaean system, which emphasises close observation and categorisation. Natural history in children’s literature reinforces the hierarchical structure of society, underscoring the need to respect class boundaries and perform individual roles for the wellbeing of the collective. The religious connotations in natural history may seem to justify class inequality; however, they also disseminate messages of charity, benevolence, and empathy, offering an alternative or “feminine” form of national identity that stands in contrast with militarism and patricianism. The second half of the thesis looks at how Benedict Anderson’s “imagined communities” becomes a possibility through the development of national taste and an understanding of the interconnection between individuals. The figure of the bard points to the centrality of communal spirit in national identity. Alongside the growing commercialisation of cultural and national products in the period were increasing emotional attachments to objects and the necessity in discovering the authentic in the practise of critical reflection. Property is redefined in the question of “true” ownership and becomes shared in the communal imagination. Dissected maps teach children how to visualise spaces and boundaries and conceptualise one’s place within society. Children learn that disparate actions performed in the domestic sphere have larger implications in the public realm of the nation.
Bernier, Camille. "Devant l’illisibilité du corps malade : le Woyzeck de Büchner, sur scène et sous observation." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25449.
Full textIf a text cannot be injured as can the body, reading can effectively have an injurious effect that is carried by the text, and by the person who reads it. Its remedy is embodied as much in the language as in the attention – as a prelude, and form of care – carried to the human. Theatre and its stages have long been places of healing, through language and gesture: a place where medical and literary perspectives carry out their respective interpretative methods. From the character Woyzeck in Georg Büchner’s eponymous play (1836), a comparison of these reading perspectives is made in the context of care. Woyzeck, himself a patient, given his ineffable illnesses, becomes despite himself the stage of medical experiments and power games that rend him more and more unreadable, to himself and those who read him. The present study is dedicated to the role of the reader in the hermeneutic process and to the value that one’s resistance to a pathologizing interpretation – that does not look for symptoms in the text – can contribute to the story, and to the remedy. Even the fragmentary form of the play positions Woyzeck close that of the reader, condemning the latter to ramble from one scene to another, as the character who is afflicted with frantic visions. At each reading one must compose with the incompleteness of the text, a posture necessary for literary interpretation, or one must diagnose the gaps in the text. The first chapter concerns the link between the diseased body as the first medium that links the domains of medicine and theatre: a historic review of this link will complexify it through examples. In the second chapter, the diseased body and the stage are considered as a combined space of knowledge, and the body defined according to the limits and possibilities of this site. Finally, the third chapter presents a non-pathologic reading of the case of Woyzeck – the character, text, the staging – in order to compose an interpretation that considers the multiple languages inherent to the text. The apparent hermeticism of the play is excavated by proceeding from several perspectives. The intermedial approach underlying this analysis, through the relation between theatre and healing, illuminates the profound influence of the play of Büchner on the history of theatre, and of reading.
Lapointe, Jonathan. "Apport des technologies mobiles à l'amélioration des soins en cancérologie." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10785.
Full textThe impact of cancer care is a major public health issue, mainly because of both its major health and economic impacts. The use of information technologies (IT) is seen as a solution that can contribute to reduce the load associated with cancer. Despite this, there are only few experiments evaluating their use in the cancer care. The purpose of this memoir is to find ways how IT can be used to improve this situation and describe what strategies can help them succeed. To do so, this memoir presents two articles each pursuing a goal related to that global objective. The first article aims to gather existing knowledge on how the use of IT may provide better coordination of cancer care. It presents the results of a literature review that built a typology of six uses in which IT can be used to provide better care coordination. It also offers six recommendations to insure the success of their design and their implementation. The two most important ones are rigorous planning and strong intervention design. The second article reports and analyse the perception of health professionals in relation to the use of mobile technologies in a cancer care setting. It presents data gathered from 10 interviews conducted a the cancer center (France). Their analysis shows that most of them have a positive attitude towards the use of IT in cancer care. It also denotes some of the fears associated with the adverse impacts it may bring. The results highlights the importance of considering organizational issues for the implementation of sucessful interventions. These two studies show that there are many similarities and few differences between the usages and recommendations from the literature and the perceptions of the professionnals working in a specialized cancer care center.
Réalisé en cotutelle avec Claude Sicotte PhD Université de Montréal et le Pr. Étienne Minvielle École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique à Paris.