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Orchiston, W., and R. J. Dodd. "Education and Public Astronomy Programs at the Carter Observatory: An Overview." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 13, no. 2 (May 1996): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000020737.
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AbstractThis paper outlines the extensive range of public programs offered by the Carter Observatory, including ‘public nights’, new planetarium and audio-visual shows, displays, the Carter Memorial Lectures, the annual Astronomical Handbook and other publications, a monthly newspaper column and three monthly radio programs. It also deals with the Observatory’s involvement in undergraduate and postgraduate astronomy at Victoria University of Wellington, various adult education training programs, ‘Overnight Extravaganzas’, holiday programs, and the recent development of the Education Service in response to the introduction of an astronomy curriculum into schools throughout New Zealand. Some possible future developments in the public astronomy and education areas are also discussed.
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Butcher, David. "Electronic Sources of UK Legislation: BIALL & SCOOP Joint seminar Report." Legal Information Management 2, no. 3 (2002): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669600001262.
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This well-attended full-day seminar on 22 April 2002 was held at the British Library Conference Centre, a comfortable venue with space for a small exhibition by the main legal information providers separate from the auditorium. It was organised jointly by BIALL and SCOOP (Standing Committee on Official Publications). Speakers included Sarah Carter (University of Kent), Alan Pawsey of HMSO, Tony Hopkins from the Statutory Publications Office and Joe Ury, Executive Director of BAILII. The afternoon focused on the commercial providers of legal information, providing a forum for speakers from Context, Westlaw UK, LEXIS and Lawtel.
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Guala, Francesco. "SYMPOSIUM IN MEMORY OF G. A. COHEN (1941–2009)." Economics and Philosophy 29, no. 1 (March 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267113000047.
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Gerald Allen (‘Jerry’) Cohen was one of the most influential political philosophers of the latter half of the twentieth century. When he died in 2009 Cohen left behind not only a short book and various unpublished papers but an intellectual legacy that will remain alive for many years. Economics and Philosophy initially planned to organize a review symposium devoted to Cohen's posthumous publications (Cohen 2009, 2011, 2012). However, the reviews became articles and the original project turned into a larger symposium in memory of Cohen. The editors would like to thank Ian Carter, Paula Casal, Serena Olsaretti and Andrew Williams for working with us on that project as it gradually took shape. We all believe that this is a fitting way to honour a remarkable philosophical career inspired by an unrelenting political passion.
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Drewelow, Horst. "Giftedness — More Than IQ." Gifted Education International 13, no. 2 (September 1998): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142949801300206.
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There is no doubt about the assertion that high intellectual abilities of different kinds play a substantial role in conceptions of giftedness. At the same time most researchers in theory agree that giftedness is not identical with high intelligence. An analysis of literature though is reflecting a different picture (Bartenswerfer, 1990, Feger, 1990; Carter & Swanson, 1990; Heller & Menacher, 1992; Rogers, 1989): Wherever giftedness is discussed, nothing but intellectual giftedness is meant. In many publications we find IQ scores, with differing cut-off-levels of 125, 130, 140, 150 points, as the only indicators for giftedness. Such an “IQ-diagnosis” has found many critics within research on gifted education.
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Caiani, Manuela, and Claudius Wagemann. "The Rise and the Fall of the Extreme Right in Europe: Towards an Explanation?" Modern Italy 12, no. 3 (November 2007): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940701633882.
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In the last two decades, the extreme right has experienced a dramatic rise in electoral support in many West European democracies, achieving more parliamentary and even governmental power. Despite extensive interest in this phenomenon and a myriad of academic publications about it, both in sociology and political science, little consensus has been reached about the reasons for the observed growth of right-wing extremism. Three books; The Extreme Right in Western Europe by Elisabeth Carter, Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe by Piero Ignazi and Radical Right by Pippa Norris, try to overcome this lack of consensus through up-to-date analyses of the current situation of extreme right-wing parties in Western Europe and (in Norris’ case) even beyond. All three authors try to go beyond the existing analyses which mainly concentrate on socio-demographic characteristics of extreme right voters. However, they focus on partly different research questions and, consequently, are based on slightly different research designs.
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Gutierrez, Angela, Lourdes R. Guerrero, Heather E. McCreath, and Steven P. Wallace. "Mentoring Experiences and Publication Productivity among Early Career Biomedical Investigators and Trainees." Ethnicity & Disease 31, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.31.2.273.
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Objective: To identify which mentoring domains influence publication productivity among early career researchers and trainees and whether publication productivity differs between underrepresented minority (URM) and well-represented groups (WRGs). The mentoring aspects that promote publication productivity remain unclear. Advancing health equity requires a diverse workforce, yet URM trainees are less likely to publish and URM investigators are less likely to obtain federal research grants, relative to WRG counterparts.Participants: Early career biomedical investigators and trainees from the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN), N=115.Methods: A mentoring-focused online follow-up survey was administered to respondents of the NRMN Annual Survey who self-identified as mentees. Publications were identified from a public database and validated with participant CV data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses tested the associations of publication productivity with mentoring domains.Results: URM investigators and trainees had fewer publications (M = 7.3) than their WRG counterparts (M = 13.8). Controlling for career stage and social characteristics, those who worked on funded projects, and received grant-writing or research mentorship, had a higher probability of any publications. Controlling for URM status, gender, and career stage, mentorship on grant-writing and funding was positively associated with publication count (IRR=1.72). Holding career stage, gender, and mentoring experiences constant, WRG investigators and trainees had more publications than their URM counterparts (IRR=1.66).Conclusions: Grant-writing mentorship is particularly important for publication productivity. Future research should investigate whether grant-writing mentorship differentially impacts URM and WRG investigators and should investigate how and why grant-writing mentorship fosters increased publication productivity. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(2):273-282; doi:10.18865/ed.31.2.273
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Burchsted, J. C. A., and Fred Burchsted. "Samuel Tufts, Jr. (1817–1902), a Massachusetts shell collector and aquarium stocker." Archives of Natural History 34, no. 2 (October 2007): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2007.34.2.229.
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This paper documents the life of Samuel Tufts, Jr. (1817–1902), a Massachusetts shell collector and aquarium stocker. Tufts spent most of his life as a shoemaker and proprietor of express and furniture moving businesses. During the 1850s, he lived in Swampscott and Lynn, Massachusetts, adjacent seacoast communities, and there collected shells and conducted an aquarium stocking business. He published a list of local shells and donated specimens to the Essex Institute of Salem, Massachusetts. Tufts was a friend of the marine zoologist William Stimpson. His procedures for shipping live marine specimens were described in Robert Carter's A summer cruise on the coast of New England, an account of an 1858 cruise by Carter, Stimpson and others. Tuft's natural history activities seem to have ended when he relocated to Cambridge, Massachusetts, around 1860. Tufts is the only American aquarium stocker of this era whose methods have been recorded. His observations were published locally but were conveyed to the wider natural history community through publications of more prominent naturalists including William Greene Binney, Augustus Addison Gould and William Stimpson.
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SKELLEY, PAUL E., RICHARD A. B. LESCHEN, and ZHENHUA LIU. "Nomenclatural notes for some Australian Erotylinae (Coleoptera: Erotylidae)." Zootaxa 4966, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.1.7.
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In the subfamily Erotylinae (Coleoptera: Erotylidae), several nomenclatural concerns in the Australian fauna are corrected for upcoming publications. Spelling and attribution of the genus “Aulacochilus” is discussed and is correctly cited as Aulacocheilus Dejean, 1836. The species Episcaphula tetrastica Lea, 1921, becomes Aulacocheilus leai (Mader, 1934), new combination. Through a previous synonymy of Tritoma australiae Lea, 1922 with Hedista tricolor Weise, 1927, and the subsequent transfer of T. australiae into Spondotriplax Crotch, 1876, the genus Hedista Weise, 1927 is recognized as a synonym of Spondotriplax Crotch, 1876, new synonymy. Cosmoscaphula Heller, 1920, a subgenus of Episcaphula Crotch, 1876, is discussed. The type species, E. (C.) tamburinea Heller, 1920, was found to have two new synonyms: Episcaphula (Cosmoscaphula) clatrata Heller, 1920 and Episcaphula rufolineata Wilson, 1921. A lectotype is here designated for E. (C.) tamburinea Heller, 1920. Two genus-species combinations used in museum and internet-based lists have not been formally published. They are discussed, illustrated, and officially proposed here: Hoplepiscapha laticollis (Carter, 1908) and Neothallis bizonata (Macleay, 1887), new combinations.
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Stephenson, Jenn. "Hearing Hope: Metatheatrical Utopias in the ‘Staging’ of Radio Drama." New Theatre Quarterly 26, no. 1 (February 2010): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x10000059.
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The radio play has long survived the competition from television in Britain, and also has a long tradition in the German-speaking world in the form of the Hörspiel – but its strength has lain precisely in demanding a visual contribution from the listener's imagination. What happens when a radio play is ‘staged’ before a live audience? In 2005, under commission from the Royal Festival Hall, the composer Carter Burwell proposed writing a sound score for new plays; and under the banner of Theatre of the New Ear, he recruited his long-time collaborators on film, Charlie Kaufman and Joel and Ethan Coen, to write specifically for sound-only. In this article Jenn Stephenson describes the experience of ‘watching’ a radio play, and offers a theorization of its qualities and the effects on its audience. Jenn Stephenson received her PhD from the University of Toronto in 2003 and is now Associate Professor of Drama at Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. Her recent publications include articles in Theatre Journal, Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, Studies in Theatre and Performance, and Theatre Research in Canada. She is co-editor of the ‘Views and Reviews’ section of Canadian Theatre Review.
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Graves, Nina M. "Felbamate." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 9 (September 1993): 1073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302700913.
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OBJECTIVE: To provide an up-to-date review of the current literature on felbamate (FBM) and its use as an antiepileptic medication (AEM). DATA SOURCES: All published literature (manuscripts and abstracts) on FBM was reviewed. The initial bibliography (up to September 1992) was provided by the manufacturer (Carter-Wallace Laboratories); subsequent literature was obtained from American Epilepsy Society presentations in December 1992 and manuscripts published up to January 1993. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: All pertinent literature was reviewed. Information from the publications was abstracted and organized by the author. DATA SYNTHESIS: FBM is effective in complex partial seizures either as monotherapy or as an adjunct in patients receiving other AEMs. In addition, it has shown efficacy in some seizures associated with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Adverse effects appear to be mild. When FBM is given as monotherapy, the primary adverse effects are insomnia and weight loss. Patients receiving multiple AEMs may have increased adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: FBM appears to be an effective new AEM. Additional studies as to its role in newly diagnosed and pregnant patients are needed. Pharmacokinetic studies in children, patients with renal failure, and patients on nonepilepsy drugs also are needed.
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Tregellas, Jason R., Jason Smucny, Donald C. Rojas, and Kristina T. Legget. "Predicting academic career outcomes by predoctoral publication record." PeerJ 6 (October 4, 2018): e5707. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5707.
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Background For students entering a science PhD program, a tenure-track faculty research position is often perceived as the ideal long-term goal. A relatively small percentage of individuals ultimately achieve this goal, however, with the vast majority of PhD recipients ultimately finding employment in industry or government positions. Given the disparity between academic career ambitions and outcomes, it is useful to understand factors that may predict those outcomes. Toward this goal, the current study examined employment status of PhD graduates from biomedical sciences programs at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU AMC) and related this to metrics of predoctoral publication records, as well as to other potentially important factors, such as sex and time-since-degree, to determine if these measures could predict career outcomes. Methods Demographic information (name, PhD program, graduation date, sex) of CU AMC biomedical sciences PhD graduates between 2000 and 2015 was obtained from University records. Career outcomes (academic faculty vs. non-faculty) and predoctoral publication records (number and impact factors of first-author and non-first-author publications) were obtained via publicly available information. Relationships between predoctoral publication record and career outcomes were investigated by (a) comparing faculty vs. non-faculty publication metrics, using t-tests, and (b) investigating the ability of predoctoral publication record, sex, and time-since-degree to predict career outcomes, using logistic regression. Results Significant faculty vs. non-faculty differences were observed in months since graduation (p < 0.001), first-author publication number (p = 0.001), average first-author impact factor (p = 0.006), and highest first-author impact factor (p = 0.004). With sex and months since graduation as predictors of career outcome, the logistic regression model was significant (p < 0.001), with both being male and having more months since graduation predicting career status. First-author related publication metrics (number of publications, average impact factor, highest impact factor) all significantly improved model fit (χ2 < 0.05 for all) and were all significant predictors of faculty status (p < 0.05 for all). Non-first-author publication metrics did not significantly improve model fit or predict faculty status. Discussion Results suggest that while sex and months since graduation also predict career outcomes, a strong predoctoral first-author publication record may increase likelihood of obtaining an academic faculty research position. Compared to non-faculty, individuals employed in faculty positions produced more predoctoral first-author publications, with these being in journals with higher impact factors. Furthermore, first-author publication record, sex, and months since graduation were significant predictors of faculty status.
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Gazak, J. Zachary, John A. Johnson, John Tonry, Diana Dragomir, Jason Eastman, Andrew W. Mann, and Eric Agol. "Transit Analysis Package: An IDL Graphical User Interface for Exoplanet Transit Photometry." Advances in Astronomy 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/697967.
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We present an IDL graphical user-interface-driven software package designed for the analysis of exoplanet transit light curves. The Transit Analysis Package (TAP) software uses Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to fit light curves using the analytic model of Mandal and Agol (2002). The package incorporates a wavelet-based likelihood function developed by Carter and Winn (2009), which allows the MCMC to assess parameter uncertainties more robustly than classicχ2methods by parameterizing uncorrelated “white” and correlated “red” noise. The software is able to simultaneously analyze multiple transits observed in different conditions (instrument, filter, weather, etc.). The graphical interface allows for the simple execution and interpretation of Bayesian MCMC analysis tailored to a user’s specific data set and has been thoroughly tested on ground-based andKeplerphotometry. This paper describes the software release and provides applications to new and existing data. Reanalysis of ground-based observations of TrES-1b, WASP-4b, and WASP-10b (Winn et al., 2007, 2009; Johnson et al., 2009; resp.) and space-basedKepler4b–8b (Kipping and Bakos 2010) show good agreement between TAP and those publications. We also present new multi-filter light curves of WASP-10b and we find excellent agreement with previously published values for a smaller radius.
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Vale, Ronald D. "Accelerating scientific publication in biology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 44 (October 27, 2015): 13439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511912112.
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Scientific publications enable results and ideas to be transmitted throughout the scientific community. The number and type of journal publications also have become the primary criteria used in evaluating career advancement. Our analysis suggests that publication practices have changed considerably in the life sciences over the past 30 years. More experimental data are now required for publication, and the average time required for graduate students to publish their first paper has increased and is approaching the desirable duration of PhD training. Because publication is generally a requirement for career progression, schemes to reduce the time of graduate student and postdoctoral training may be difficult to implement without also considering new mechanisms for accelerating communication of their work. The increasing time to publication also delays potential catalytic effects that ensue when many scientists have access to new information. The time has come for life scientists, funding agencies, and publishers to discuss how to communicate new findings in a way that best serves the interests of the public and the scientific community.
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Riggs, Kevin R., Zachary J. Reitman, Thelma J. Mielenz, and Philip C. Goodman. "Relationship Between Time of First Publication and Subsequent Publication Success Among Non-PhD Physician-Scientists." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-11-00068.1.
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Abstract Background Studies have shown that publication of work during medical school and residency is associated with higher numbers of later publications and citations of published research. However, it is unknown whether this association exists for non-PhD physician-scientists and whether the association persists later into their careers. Methods We extracted publication records from the curricula vitae (CVs) of 102 corresponding authors of articles published in 2008 in the New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA, and obtained those authors' citation records from Web of Science. We used regression models to examine the association between time of first publication and later publication and citation rates for the entire postgraduate career and a recent 2-year period. Results After adjusting for time since medical school graduation, sex, location of medical school (United States or not United States), and additional non-PhD degrees, we found that authors who first published before graduating from medical school had a greater mean number of publications after medical school and during the period from 2006 to 2007 (164 and 28, respectively) than those who first published during the 5 years afterward (111 and 19, respectively) and those who first published more than 5 years after graduation (59 and 13, respectively). Similarly, authors who first published before graduating from medical school had a greater mean number of citations of their published work since graduation and of publications from 2006 to 2007 (4634 and 333, respectively) than those who first published during the 5 years afterward (2936 and 183, respectively) and those who first published more than 5 years after graduation (1512 and 143, respectively). Conclusions Early publication is associated with higher numbers of publications and more citations of published research among non-PhD physician-scientists. This association persists well into a researcher's career.
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Percy, Alisa, Nona Press, Martin B. Andrew, and Vikk Pollard. "Reframing theory of, and for, practice in higher education." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.18.4.1.
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When the Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice — JUTLP as we have come to know it — was established in 2004, it was to fill a perceived gap in publications related to teaching and learning practice in higher education, with practice being the operative word (Carter, 2004). While other higher education journals existed, they were mainly the purview of academic developers and the most prodigious of disciplinary academics researching their teaching. In contrast, JUTLP was to be built as open-access and its readership as ‘practitioners looking for good ideas based soundly on a body of accessible theory and research’ (McInnes, 2004, n.p.). JUTLP was established in the Australian context at a time when promoting excellence in teaching and learning was regarded as an important government agenda to improve the student experience, and not accidentally, coincided with the creation of the Carrick Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education (later the Australian Learning and Teaching Council, and later again the Office for Learning and Teaching). The Carrick Institute supported national cross-institutional grants and fellowship schemes, and promoted national networks of educational research into practice to support the mission of the then Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) to ensure all ‘Australian higher education institutions provide high quality teaching and learning for all students’ (Carrick, 2009). How times have changed.
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Lutter, Mark, and Martin Schröder. "Is There a Motherhood Penalty in Academia? The Gendered Effect of Children on Academic Publications in German Sociology." European Sociological Review 36, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 442–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz063.
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Abstract Based on data that tracks curriculum vitae (CV) and publication records as well as survey information from sociologists in German academia, we examine the effects of parenthood on the publication output of male and female academics that were present in German universities or research institutes in the year 2013. Results indicate that having children leads to a significant decline in the number of publications by women on average, while not affecting the number of publications by men. However, the gendered effect of children on productivity hardly mitigates differences in publication output between men and women, as women still publish about 20 per cent less than men after controlling for the adverse effects of children on productivity. The gendered effect of childbearing depends partly on prior levels of women’s academic achievements, suggesting a mechanism of performance-driven self-selection. Lower-performing women tend to suffer a stronger motherhood penalty than better performing women, while the publication output of successful women (who have been granted academic awards) is not reduced through childbirth. The results indicate that women are better at managing the ‘double burden’ of kids and career if external, award-giving committees have bestowed prestige upon them or indicated their potential for a scientific career.
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Epstein, Nurith, and Daniel Lachmann. "Gender Inequity during the Ph.D.: Females in the Life Sciences Benefit Less from Their Integration into the Scientific Community." Social Sciences 7, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7080140.
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Female researchers remain underrepresented in higher academic ranks, even within female-dominated fields, such as the life sciences. The phenomenon is often attributed to women’s lower publication productivity. The current article explores gender differences with respect to integration into the scientific community, pursued tasks during the Ph.D. (e.g., teaching and research), and publication productivity in the life sciences. Moreover, it explores how these variables relate to the intention of pursuing an academic research career. Survey data with recent Ph.D. graduates from the life sciences in Germany (N = 736) were analyzed through descriptive and multivariate analysis. Females had fewer publications as lead author (1.4 vs. 1.9, p = 0.05). There were no differences in pursued tasks, perceived integration into the scientific community, and co-authorship. However, Ph.D. characteristics affected females and males differently. Only male Ph.D. graduates benefited from being integrated into their scientific community by an increase in lead author publications. In contrast to male Ph.D. graduates, women’s academic career intentions were significantly affected by their integration into the scientific community and co-authorship. Results suggest that women may benefit less from their integration into the scientific community and may ascribe more importance to networks for their career progress.
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Cass, Nathan D., Tyler S. Okland, Kenny Rodriguez, and Scott E. Mann. "Otolaryngology Education: Recent Trends in Publication." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 156, no. 6 (December 27, 2016): 1124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599816684098.
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Objectives (1) Evaluate peer-reviewed publications regarding education in otolaryngology since 2000. (2) Analyze publication trends as compared with overall otolaryngology publications. Study Design Bibliometric analysis. Setting Academic medical center. Subjects and Methods A search for articles regarding education in otolaryngology from 2000 to 2015 was performed with MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, yielding 1220 articles; 362 relevant publications were categorized by topic, subspecialty, subject, article type, and funding source. Impact factors for each journal by year were obtained, and trends of each category over time were analyzed. These were then compared with publication numbers and impact factors for all otolaryngology journals. Results From 2000 to 2015, publications in otolaryngology education increased more rapidly than the field of otolaryngology overall. The most published topics included operative skills training, surgical simulation, and professionalism/career development. Recently there has been a decline in publications related to residency administration and duty hours relative to other topics. Only 12.2% of publications reported a funding source, and only 12.2% of studies were controlled. Conclusion Recent trends in otolaryngology literature reflect an increasing focus on education; however, this work is underfunded and often lacks high-quality evidence.
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Cutcher, Leanne. "Book Review: Chris Carter, Steward R. Clegg and Martin Kornberger, A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book About Studying Strategy. London: Sage Publications, 2008. vi + 155 pp. (pbk)." Journal of Industrial Relations 51, no. 5 (November 2009): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221856090510051002.
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Sidhu, Reena, Praveen Rajashekhar, Victoria L. Lavin, Joanne Parry, James Attwood, Anita Holdcroft, and David S. Sanders. "The gender imbalance in academic medicine: a study of female authorship in the United Kingdom." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 102, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.2009.080378.
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Summary Objectives A shortfall exists of female doctors in senior academic posts in the United Kingdom. Career progression depends on measures of esteem, including publication in prestigious journals. This study investigates gender differences in first and senior authorship in six peer-reviewed British journals and factors that are associated with publication rates. Design and main outcome measures Data was collected on United Kingdom first and senior authors who had published in the British Medical Journal, Lancet, British Journal of Surgery, Gut, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the Archives of Diseases in Childhood. Authorship and gender were quantified for 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2004 ( n=6457). In addition, selected questions from the Athena Survey of Science Engineering and Technology (ASSET2006), web-based doctor's self-report of publications were also analysed ( n=1162). Results Female first authors increased from 10.5% in 1970 to 36.5% in 2004 (p<0.001) while female senior authors only increased from 12.3% to 16.5% (p=0.046). Within individual journals, the largest rise was in British Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecology with 4.5- and 3-fold increases for first and senior authors, respectively. In contrast, female senior authors marginally declined in Gut and Lancet by 2.8% and 2.2%, respectively. ASSET2006 identified that female respondents who were parents were less likely to have publications as sole (p=0.02) and joint authors (p<0.001) compared to male respondents. Female respondents with care responsibilities for parents/partner also had less publications as lead authors compared to those without carer responsibilities (p<0.001). Conclusion The increase in UK female first authors is encouraging. In contrast, there is considerable lag and in some specialties a decline in female senior authors. Factors that could narrow the gender gap in authorship should be sought and addressed.
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Jennings, D. L. "An Atlas of Cassava in Africa. (CIAT Publication No. 206.) By S. E. Carter, L. O. Fresco and P. G. Jones with J. N. Fairbairn. Cali, Colombia: CIAT Publications (1992), pp. 86, no price stated, ISBN 958-9183-38-7." Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 1 (January 1994): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447970002398x.
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Carrier, David. "The Story of Leonardo: One Author’s Perspective." Leonardo 50, no. 3 (June 2017): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01322.
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In celebration of its 50th anniversary, Leonardo invited authors who have been associated with the publication throughout its history to share their memories. This account describes some essays published in the journal by author David Carrier, with reference to his intellectual career. Because these publications are readily accessible to Leonardo’s readers, the author does not describe them in detail—nor does he cite all of his contributions. His aim is to sketch, in this personal reflection, one small part of the story of this now long-lived publication.
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Birrell, T. A. "William Carter (c. 1549–84): Recusant Printer, Publisher, Binder, Stationer, Scribe—and Martyr." Recusant History 28, no. 1 (May 2006): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200011031.
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In 1999 the Bodleian Library acquired a tract volume containing an hitherto unrecorded and unknown publication of William Carter. The item itself has been fully described by Geoffrey Groom in the Bodleian Library Record (Oct. 1999) and to celebrate the acquisition I gave a short talk to the Friends of the Bodleian Library on the subject of Carter's career: the present article is a considerably expanded version of that talk.
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Benoit, Cyril, and Philippe Gorry. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: THE SCIENTIFIC CAREER OF A POLICY CONCEPT." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, no. 1 (2017): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317000186.
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Objectives: The aim of this work was to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the health technology assessment (HTA) concept in the scientific literature through a scientometric approach.Methods: A literature search was conducted, by selecting publications, as well as news from the media, containing “health technology assessment” in their title, abstracts, or keywords. We then undertook a bibliometric and network analysis on the corpus of 2,865 publications thus obtained.Results: Since a first publication in 1978, interest in HTA remained marginal until a turning point in the late 1980s, when growth of the number of publications took off alongside the creation of the U.K.’s NICE agency. Since then, publications have spread across several journals. The ranking of the organizations that publish such articles does not reflect any hegemonic position. However, HTA-related scientific production is strongly concentrated in Commonwealth and Nordic countries. Despite its transnational aspects, research on HTA has been framed within a small number of scientific networks and by a few opinion leaders.Conclusions: The “career” of the HTA concept may be seen as a scientific-knowledge based institutionalization of a public policy. To succeed in a country, HTA first needs scientific prerequisites, such as an organized scientific community working on the health sector and health services. Then, it appears that the recognition of this research by decision makers plays a key role in the development of the field.
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Peterson, William, Sally Santen, Joseph House, Laura Hopson, Meg Wolff, Michele Carney, and John Cyrus. "Increasing Education Research Productivity: A Network Analysis." Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 21, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.12.44512.
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Introduction: Forming effective networks is important for personal productivity and career development. Although critical for success, these networks are not well understood. The objective of this study was to usze a social network analysis tool to demonstrate the growth of institutional publication networks for education researchers and show how a single institution has expanded its publication network over time. Methods: Publications from a single institution’s medical education research group (MERG) were pulled since its inception in 2010 to 2019 using Web of Science to collect publication information. Using VOSViewer software, we formed and plotted a network sociogram comparing the first five years to the most recent 4.25 years to compare the institutions of authors from peer reviewed manuscripts published by this group. Results: We found 104 peer-reviewed research articles, editorials, abstracts, and reviews for the MERG authors between 2010 and 2019 involving 134 unique institutions. During 2010-2014, there were 26 publications involving 56 institutions. From 2015- 2019, there were 78 publications involving 116 unique institutions. Conclusion: This brief report correlates successful research productivity in medical education with the presence of increased inter-institutional collaborations as demonstrated by network sociograms. Programs to intentionally expand collaborative networks may prove to be an important element of facilitating successful careers in medical education scholarship.
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Bain, C. R., and P. S. Myles. "Relationship between Journal Impact Factor and Levels of Evidence in Anaesthesia." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 33, no. 5 (October 2005): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0503300503.
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Evidence-based medicine uses a hierarchy of publication types according to their vulnerability to bias. A widely used measure of journal “quality” is its impact factor, which describes the citation rate of its publications. We investigated the relationship between impact factor for eight anaesthesia journals and publication type with respect to their level of evidence 1-4 using Spearman rank correlation (rho). There were 1418 original publications during 2001 included in the analysis. The number (%) of publication types according to evidence-based medicine level were: level 1: 6 (0.4%), level 2: 533 (38%) level 3: 329 (23%), level 4: 550 (39%). There was no correlation between journal ranking according to impact factor and publication type (rho=–0.03, P=0.25). The correlation between journal rank and the proportion of publications that were randomized trials was –0.35 (P<0.001). The correlation between journal rank and number of publications was 0.65 (P<0.001). The correlation between journal rank and number of level 1 or 2 studies was 0.58 (P<0.001). The overall level of evidence published in anaesthesia journals was high. Journal rank according to impact factor is related to the number of publications, but not the proportion of publications that are evidence-based medicine level 1 or 2.
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Adams, Paul C., Iain Murray, and Gordon Bierbrier. "Distribution and Career Choices of Canadian Trainees in Gastroenterology." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 9, no. 2 (1995): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/543750.
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OBJECTIVES: To study the career choices, academic productivity and geographical distribution of trainees in gastroenterology from Canadian training programs from 1984-91.METHODS: The names and current locations of trainees in gastroenterology were requested from program directors. Data were obtained from CD-ROM on the publications of the trainees during their fellowship. Migration patterns and trends were analyzed over the study period.RESULTS: Data were obtained on 170 trainees. Forty-one per cent of trainees were working in a hospital affiliated with a university medical centre. Most Canadian trainees continue to practise gastroenterology in the province in which they trained. Trainees who pursued an academic career had an average of 1.1 peer-reviewed publication compared with community-based gastroenterologists who averaged 0.40 publications during their fellowship (P=0.02).CONCLUSIONS: Many Canadian gastroenterology trainees continue to be affiliated with an academic medical centre. Those trainees who published during their fellowship were associated with a career at an academic centre. Migration to other provinces or countries is uncommon and did not significantly change over the study period.
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Wright, Mike, and Pramodita Sharma. "Sustaining a Publications Career." Family Business Review 26, no. 4 (November 13, 2013): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486513503197.
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Graber, Michael, and Klaus Wälde. "Publish or Perish? The Increasing Importance of Publications for Prospective Economics Professors in Austria, Germany and Switzerland." German Economic Review 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2008.00448.x.
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Abstract Tenure decisions depend, among other factors, on a candidate’s career age and publication record.We associate publications with journal articles indexed in EconLit and measure publication output in equivalents of both top-five journal articles and European Economic Review (EER) articles. We find that the average age of a professor in the year of his/her first appointment is 38, i.e. he or she is appointed approximately eight years after completing the PhD. Between 1970 and 2006, the average publication record at the time of the first appointment is equivalent to 1.5 standardized top-five articles or 2.3 standardized EER articles. Publication records vary across subfields and have become more substantial over time.We predict that someone aspiring to a tenured position after 2011 should aim at an equivalent of four standardized top-five articles or six standardized EER articles.
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Shukla, Dhaval, Manjul Tripathi, and Bhagavatula Indira Devi. "Conversion of Thesis to Peer-Reviewed Publication." Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 08, no. 02 (August 2019): 093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694959.
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Abstract Introduction Writing a thesis or dissertation during a postgraduate medical or surgical training is a part of curriculum, which is considered a major component of training during residency. We aimed to analyze and find out the fate of thesis of our residents, their outcome, and impact. We have also evaluated the reasons for not publishing the thesis in a peer-reviewed paper. Methods This study was conducted at a neurosurgical department of a premier training institute. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for the topics of thesis and names of residents to find out whether any paper was published similar to topic of thesis. The faculties and residents were also personally contacted to evaluate the publication status of their thesis. A questionnaire was sent to the students who did not publish their thesis to find out the reasons for not submitting for publication. Results Total 56 residents submitted 85 thesis. The conversion rate to peer-reviewed publication was 32.5%. There was decreasing trend of conversion to publication over 10 years. The most common reasons for not publishing was a bad design of study, or deemed worthless for publication. Conclusion Conversion rate of thesis to paper is poor. In addition to writing thesis, candidates should be encouraged to have publications in indexed journal as full-length articles. Such publications carry more significance in long-term career of a resident.
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Sanchez, Thomas W. "The Most Frequently Cited Topics in Urban Planning Scholarship." Urban Science 4, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4010004.
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Analyses of faculty citation activity usually focus on counts as a function of author characteristics, such as rank, gender, previous citation levels, and other factors influencing productivity and career path. Citation analyses of publications consider aspects, such as the number of authors, author reputation, author order, length of the title, methodology, and impact factors of the publication. While publication topics or discipline is considered important factors, they are more difficult to analyze, and therefore, performed less frequently. This article attempts to do that for the field of urban planning. Urban planning is multi-disciplinary and includes consideration of social, economic, technological, environmental, and political systems that shape human settlement patterns. It has been suspected that some topics are more “popular” and have larger audiences, therefore, are cited more often. Using nearly 15,000 urban planning publications, this article presents an analysis of topics to assess which are cited most frequently. The classification of publications was performed using a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a machine learning (ML) approach to text classification, using citation data from Google Scholar. The citation levels for the resulting categories are analyzed and discussed.
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Brown, Cian L., Anthony J. Vajda, and David D. Christian. "Preparing Counselor Education and Supervision Doctoral Students Through an HLT Lens: The Importance of Research and Scholarship." Professional Counselor 10, no. 4 (December 2020): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15241/clb.10.4.501.
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We examined the publication trends of faculty in 396 CACREP-accredited counselor education and supervision (CES) programs based on Carnegie classification by exploring 5,250 publications over the last decade in 21 American Counseling Association and American Counseling Association division journals. Using Bayesian statistics, this study expounded upon existing literature and differences that exist between institution classifications and total publications. The results of this study can be used to inform the training and preparation of doctoral students in CES programs through a Happenstance Learning Theory framework, specifically regarding their role as scholars and researchers. We present implications and argue for the importance of programs and faculty providing research experience for doctoral students in order to promote career success and satisfaction.
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Gureyev, V. N., N. A. Mazov, and A. A. Ilyichev. "Career path of researchers in relation to publication ethics." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 3 (March 24, 2019): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873893270-278.
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This paper describes the how the scholarly output of researchers impacts upon their career development. Bibliometric approaches were engaged to study the frequency of publications of prominent scientists from the Novosibirsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences during their career. This included their thesis defense, assignment to leading positions in research organizations, and election as members of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The highest correlation was between the growth in the number of papers and assignment to a position of leadership. A rapid growth in scholarly output, in this case, was achieved through co-authorship. Furthermore, the thematic diversity of papers was significantly enhanced during this period. Our investigation enabled us to detect cases of violation of publication ethics through the use of "guest" and "honorary" authorship.
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Petersen, Alexander Michael. "Quantifying the impact of weak, strong, and super ties in scientific careers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 34 (August 10, 2015): E4671—E4680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501444112.
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Scientists are frequently faced with the important decision to start or terminate a creative partnership. This process can be influenced by strategic motivations, as early career researchers are pursuers, whereas senior researchers are typically attractors, of new collaborative opportunities. Focusing on the longitudinal aspects of scientific collaboration, we analyzed 473 collaboration profiles using an egocentric perspective that accounts for researcher-specific characteristics and provides insight into a range of topics, from career achievement and sustainability to team dynamics and efficiency. From more than 166,000 collaboration records, we quantify the frequency distributions of collaboration duration and tie strength, showing that collaboration networks are dominated by weak ties characterized by high turnover rates. We use analytic extreme value thresholds to identify a new class of indispensable super ties, the strongest of which commonly exhibit >50% publication overlap with the central scientist. The prevalence of super ties suggests that they arise from career strategies based upon cost, risk, and reward sharing and complementary skill matching. We then use a combination of descriptive and panel regression methods to compare the subset of publications coauthored with a super tie to the subset without one, controlling for pertinent features such as career age, prestige, team size, and prior group experience. We find that super ties contribute to above-average productivity and a 17% citation increase per publication, thus identifying these partnerships—the analog of life partners—as a major factor in science career development.
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Bhagat, Vijay. "Women Authorship of Scholarly Publications in STEMM: Authorship Puzzle." Feminist Research 2, no. 2 (June 16, 2019): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj2.18020204.
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The continued underrepresentation of women in scholarly activities slows down the scientific progress of any country. Several studies have analyzed the women representation in authorship of scholarly publications in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM). Women account only 30% of overall authorship of scholarly articles. Prestigious authorships like first-, last- and corresponding authors also show significant underrepresentation of women. Women as first authors are significantly increasing since last decades; however, growth of last authors is not significant and share of corresponding authors not changed. Women show low overall impact of scholarly publications due to lower productivity but not for quality of publication. This gender authorship puzzle can be solved by adopting gender responsive planning and management. Therefore, systematic efforts to understand the gender disparities in scholarly publications, authorship citations and collaborations require for achieving significant positive change in the share of women in academic authorship, impact and career. The field is new, active, attractive and interesting area of research to achieve gender equality in scientific research and publications for social welfare.
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Lewis, I. H. "Research, publications and career advancement." Anaesthesia 50, no. 4 (April 1995): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb04621.x.
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Bensken, Wyatt P., Alexandra K. Hansen, Gina Norato, John D. Heiss, Avindra Nath, and Omar I. Khan. "Physician-scientists in neurology." Neurology 91, no. 11 (August 10, 2018): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000544243.58941.11.
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ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the methods by which neurology physician-scientists are quantified through applying author-level metrics to commonly used definitions when discussing funding efforts aimed at the attrition of the physician-scientist workforce.MethodsNeurology residency alumni from institutions with the highest National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke funding were identified for 2003–2005, and their funding records, publishing history, and impact factor (h-index) were obtained via the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools and Scopus Author Profile. The group differences of total publications, yearly publication rate, and h-index between R01-funded, non-R01-funded, and nonfunded individuals were analyzed via analysis of variance models, and a publications-per-research hour rate was calculated and similarly compared across groups.ResultsFrom 15 programs, and from a total of 252 neurologists, 186 were identified as having demonstrated an interest in research. The mean h-index, yearly publication rate, and cumulative number of publications were significantly higher in those who eventually received an R01 grant compared to those without R01 funding and those with no research funding. Within the top 50 performers by yearly publication rate, there was an equal mix of the 3 groups of neurologists: R01 (19, 38%), non-R01 (15, 30%), and nonfunded (16, 32%). Those who were nonfunded (10% research effort) had an estimated 4.9 publications per 1,000 research hours compared to 3.0 for those with non-R01 (40% research effort) funding and 3.2 for those with R01 funding (80% research effort).ConclusionsWhile eventual R01 grant and early career funding pathways were confirmed as important components of higher h-index and larger publication numbers, the classic definition of a physician-scientist was questioned through these findings. Those presumed to be without funding and generally excluded from the physician-scientist pool because of lack of protected research time, in some instances, outperformed their R01-funded colleagues and had a higher publications-per-research hour than those with an R01 and those with non-R01 funding, when estimating a 10% research effort. This reflects a potentially erroneous assumption and indicates the important contribution of these neurologists.
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Assadi, Muzaffar. "Book reviews and notices : CARTER A. WILSON, Racism: From slavery to advanced capitalism (Sage Series on Race and Ethnic Relations-17). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1996. xv +271 pp. Refs., index. $44.00 (hardback)/$21.95 (paperback)." Contributions to Indian Sociology 32, no. 2 (November 1998): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/006996679803200221.
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Murray, Nancy. "Review: Palestine: peace not apartheid By JIMMY CARTER (New York, Simon & Schuster, 2006), 264 pp. Cloth, $27.00. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine By ILAN PAPPE (Oxford, Oneworld Publications Limited, 2006), 313 pp. Paper, £16.99." Race & Class 49, no. 3 (January 2008): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063968080490030603.
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Mariethoz, Gregoire, Frédéric Herman, and Amelie Dreiss. "The imaginary carrot: no correlation between raising funds and research productivity in geosciences." Scientometrics 126, no. 3 (February 5, 2021): 2401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03855-1.
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AbstractThe ability of researchers to raise funding is central to academic achievement. However, whether success in obtaining research funds correlates with the productivity, quality or impact of a researcher is debated. Here we analyse 10 years of grant funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation in Earth and Environmental Sciences, and compare it to the publication record of the researchers who were awarded the funds. No significant statistical correlation can be established between the publication or citation record of a researcher and the amount of money this researcher obtains in grant funding. These results imply that researchers successful in raising funds are not necessarily in a position to be more productive or produce more impactful publications. Those results should be considered for deciding whether to use grant funding as a criterion for career advancement procedures.
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Reynolds, Amy C., Catherine O’Mullan, Anja Pabel, Ann Martin-Sardesai, Stephanie Alley, Susan Richardson, Linda Colley, Jacquelin Bousie, and Janya McCalman. "Perceptions of success of women early career researchers." Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education 9, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sgpe-d-17-00019.
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Purpose In the highly gendered academic sector, womens’ high participation rates have not translated into equal career progression with men. Existing literature suggests that early career publication success is a good indicator of long-term publication success. This research is intended to provide a better understanding of whether the notions of success espoused by neo-liberal universities align with the subjective measures of what constitutes academic success for women ECRs (early career researchers). Design/methodology/approach The study examines the perceptions of nine successful women ECRs at an Australian university. It uses collaborative autoethnography with thematic analysis of participants’ self-reflective narratives on being a successful ECR. Findings Five themes were identified. One focussed on objective academic success, which included publications, grants and citations. The other four themes – living a balanced life, making a difference, labour of love and freedom and flexibility – offered more subjective views of success. These included: research making a contribution to society, undertaking research they are passionate about, having autonomy in their role and achieving work-life balance. Practical implications The findings demonstrate that women define success in broader terms than neo-liberal universities, and future studies should consider these divergent definitions. Universities committed to equality should understand differences in how women may approach career progress and incorporate this into support processes and in alignment of individual and university goals. Originality/value This research offers unique insights into the experience of post-doctoral employment for women in the academic environment and the factors influencing their success in this early career phase.
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Tenyakov, Ivan. "Scientometrics as a Limiting Factor of Economic Researches: the Evidence From the USA." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2019, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201934.
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The article reveals the deterrent eff ect of the scientometric factor on the development of economic research based on the analysis of publication activity in American economic journals. The author systematizes the main trends in the development of modern economic research. It is shown that publications in the top fi ve journals in the United States infl uence the direction of research in the economy, career paths and the reputation of young researchers, decisions of funding agencies, as well as the ratings of departments and universities. Diff erences in citation rates between the top fi ve journals and other top-level journals are noted. It is shown that the orientation to publications in the top “fi ve” as the main scientometric indicator stimulates careerism and restrains the development of new ideas. Possible ways of overcoming the existing institutional trap are considered.
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van der Wal, Jessica E. M., Rose Thorogood, and Nicholas P. C. Horrocks. "Collaboration enhances career progression in academic science, especially for female researchers." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1958 (September 8, 2021): 20210219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0219.
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Collaboration and diversity are increasingly promoted in science. Yet how collaborations influence academic career progression, and whether this differs by gender, remains largely unknown. Here, we use co-authorship ego networks to quantify collaboration behaviour and career progression of a cohort of contributors to biennial International Society of Behavioral Ecology meetings (1992, 1994, 1996). Among this cohort, women were slower and less likely to become a principal investigator (PI; approximated by having at least three last-author publications) and published fewer papers over fewer years (i.e. had shorter academic careers) than men. After adjusting for publication number, women also had fewer collaborators (lower adjusted network size) and published fewer times with each co-author (lower adjusted tie strength), albeit more often with the same group of collaborators (higher adjusted clustering coefficient). Authors with stronger networks were more likely to become a PI, and those with less clustered networks did so more quickly. Women, however, showed a stronger positive relationship with adjusted network size (increased career length) and adjusted tie strength (increased likelihood to become a PI). Finally, early-career network characteristics correlated with career length. Our results suggest that large and varied collaboration networks are positively correlated with career progression, especially for women.
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Al-Busaidi, Ibrahim S., Sultan Z. Al-Shaqsi, Awatif K. Al-Alawi, Siham Al-Sinani, and Ammar Al-Kashmiri. "Characteristics, Trends, and Factors Associated With Publication Among Residents of Oman Medical Specialty Board Programs." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, no. 4s (August 1, 2019): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-19-00259.
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ABSTRACT Background Research during residency is associated with better clinical performance, improved critical thinking, and increased interest in an academic career. Objective We examined the rate, characteristics, and factors associated with research publications by residents in Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB) programs. Methods We included residents enrolled in 18 OMSB residency programs between 2011 and 2016. Resident characteristics were obtained from the OMSB Training Affairs Department. In April 2018, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases were searched independently by 2 authors for resident publications in peer-reviewed journals using standardized criteria. Results Over the study period, 552 residents trained in OMSB programs; 64% (351 of 552) were female, and the mean age at matriculation was 29.4 ± 2.2 years. Most residents (71%, 393 of 552) were in the early stages of specialty training (R ≤ 3) and 49% (268 of 552) completed a designated research block as part of their training. Between 2011 and 2016, 43 residents published 42 research articles (range, 1–5 resident authors per article), for an overall publication rate of 8%. Residents were the first authors in 20 (48%) publications. Male residents (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07; P = .025, 95% CI 1.1–3.91) and residents who completed a research block (OR = 2.57; P = .017, 95% CI 1.19–5.57) were significantly more likely to publish. Conclusions Research training during residency can result in tangible research output. Future studies should explore barriers to publication for resident research and identify interventions to promote formal scholarly activity during residency.
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Lindahl, Jonas, and Rickard Danell. "The information value of early career productivity in mathematics: a ROC analysis of prediction errors in bibliometricly informed decision making." Scientometrics 109, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 2241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-016-2097-9.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide a framework to evaluate bibliometric indicators as decision support tools from a decision making perspective and to examine the information value of early career publication rate as a predictor of future productivity. We used ROC analysis to evaluate a bibliometric indicator as a tool for binary decision making. The dataset consisted of 451 early career researchers in the mathematical sub-field of number theory. We investigated the effect of three different definitions of top performance groups—top 10, top 25, and top 50 %; the consequences of using different thresholds in the prediction models; and the added prediction value of information on early career research collaboration and publications in prestige journals. We conclude that early career performance productivity has an information value in all tested decision scenarios, but future performance is more predictable if the definition of a high performance group is more exclusive. Estimated optimal decision thresholds using the Youden index indicated that the top 10 % decision scenario should use 7 articles, the top 25 % scenario should use 7 articles, and the top 50 % should use 5 articles to minimize prediction errors. A comparative analysis between the decision thresholds provided by the Youden index which take consequences into consideration and a method commonly used in evaluative bibliometrics which do not take consequences into consideration when determining decision thresholds, indicated that differences are trivial for the top 25 and the 50 % groups. However, a statistically significant difference between the methods was found for the top 10 % group. Information on early career collaboration and publication strategies did not add any prediction value to the bibliometric indicator publication rate in any of the models. The key contributions of this research is the focus on consequences in terms of prediction errors and the notion of transforming uncertainty into risk when we are choosing decision thresholds in bibliometricly informed decision making. The significance of our results are discussed from the point of view of a science policy and management.
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Toledo, Paloma, Shakir McLean, Lorent Duce, Cynthia A. Wong, Armin Schubert, and Denham S. Ward. "Evaluation of the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research Medical Student Anesthesia Research Fellowship Program Participants’ Scholarly Activity and Career Choices." Anesthesiology 124, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 1168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000001068.
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Abstract Background The Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research Medical Student Anesthesia Research Fellowship (MSARF) program is an 8-week program that pairs medical students with anesthesiologists performing anesthesia-related research. This study evaluated the proportion of students who published an article from their work, as well as the percentage of students who entered anesthesiology residency programs. Methods A list of previous MSARF participants (2005 to 2012), site, and project information was obtained. Searches for publications were performed using PubMed. The primary outcome was the publication rate for MSARF projects. The MSARF abstract-to-publication ratio was compared with the percentage of abstracts presented at biomedical meetings that resulted in publication as estimated by a Cochrane review (44%). For students who had graduated from medical school, match lists from the students’ medical schools were reviewed for specialty choice. Results Forty-two percent of the 346 MSARF projects were subsequently published. There was no difference between the MSARF abstract-to-publication ratio and the publication rate of articles from abstracts presented at scientific meetings (P = 0.57). Thirty percent (n = 105; 95% CI, 25 to 35%) of all the MSARF students were authors on a publication. Fifty-eight percent of the students for whom residency match data (n = 255) were available matched into anesthesiology residencies (95% CI, 52 to 64%). Conclusions The MSARF program resulted in many students being included as a co-author on a published article; the majority of these students entered anesthesiology residency programs. Future research should determine whether the program has a long-term impact on the development of academic anesthesiologists.
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Abee, Michele. "The Spread of the Mercator Projection in Western European and United States Cartography." Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 56, no. 2 (June 2021): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cart-2019-0024.
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En 1569, le cartographe hollandais Gérard Mercator publiait une projection qui allait révolutionner la navigation maritime. Bien que l’importance de la projection de Mercator soit soulignée dans la documentation existante, la façon dont elle en est venue à jouer un rôle prépondérant dans la production de cartes du monde en cartographie thématique et en cartographie de référence n’a pas retenu l’attention. L’institutionnalisation de la projection de Mercator dans la cartographie de l’Europe occidentale et des États-Unis découle du rôle joué par les navigateurs, les sociétés et les organismes scientifiques, ainsi que les producteurs de cartes de référence et de cartes thématiques de même que d’atlas à l’usage du public. Les données, que l’auteure soumet à une analyse de contenu, proviennent du registre de publication de cartes du monde individuelles et apparaissant dans les atlas, et elles sont comparées et confrontées aux données historiques de sources complémentaires. L’étude révèle que l’utilisation impropre de la projection de Mercator a commencé après 1700, au moment où elle a été rattachée aux travaux des scientifiques auprès des navigateurs et à la création de la cartographie thématique. Au cours du dix-huitième siècle, la projection de Mercator a été diffusée dans les publications et les rapports destinés aux sociétés de géographie qui décrivaient les explorations financées par l’État. Au dix-neuvième siècle, l’influence de scientifiques bien connus faisant usage de la projection de Mercator a filtré dans les publications destinées au grand public. L’utilisation de la projection de Mercator dans la production de cartes du monde en cartographie de référence et en cartographie thématique est un choix qui résultait de la validation indirecte de cette projection par les milieux scientifique et universitaire depuis le dix-huitième siècle jusque tard au dix-neuvième siècle.
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Martinez, Magdalena, and Creso Sá. "Highly Cited in the South: International Collaboration and Research Recognition Among Brazil’s Highly Cited Researchers." Journal of Studies in International Education 24, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1028315319888890.
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For researchers in the global South, international recognition in science arguably involves engaging with the norms, ideas, and people leading research activity in the global North. This article explores the relationship between international research collaboration and the publication activity of highly cited researchers in Brazil, a country that exerts regional leadership in scientific production in Latin America, but remains relatively peripheral to global science. This study examined the career trajectories and publication patterns of highly cited researchers based in Brazilian universities, using Web of Science and CV data. Our findings show a pattern of international mobility among the Brazilian highly cited researchers from the early stages of their careers. With few exceptions, engagement with the academic Anglosphere is central to their achievement of highly cited status, which is derived from co-authored publications with collaborators from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia in large teams.
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Bhattacharyya, Neil, and Nina L. Shapiro. "Academic otolaryngology in the new millennium: We are falling behind." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 137, no. 4 (October 2007): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2006.09.002.
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Objectives Determine if young academic otolaryngologists are exhibiting declining publication rates. Study Design and Setting A sample of 50 academic otolaryngologists graduating during 1995 to 1999 was selected randomly. For the five years post-graduation, peer-reviewed publications were determined from MEDLINE. Publication rates were compared with prior decade cohorts (1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s). Results The recent cohort of academic otolaryngologists published a mean of 4.5 articles in five years versus 6.4 for the early 1990s cohort and 8.9 for the 1980s cohort, a statistically significant decline ( P = 0.020, ANOVA). Similar declines in major otolaryngology articles (2.4 [1995 to 1999] vs 3.3 [1990 to 1994] vs 5.7 [1980s], P = 0.005) and number of first author articles (1.3 vs 1.6 vs 3.1, P = 0.007) published were noted. Conclusions The scholarly output of young academic otolaryngologists is declining when compared with academic otolaryngologists graduating the 1980s and early 1990s. Significance This raises concern for the potential career success of new academic otolaryngologists.
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Mydin, Faridah, and Shahlan Surat. "Research Capability: Early-Career Academics’ Perception of Doctoral Studies." European Journal of Educational Research 10, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 1893–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.1893.
Full textAbstract:
<p style="text-align: justify;">The purpose of doctoral education is not only to produce a thesis but also to develop graduates who are highly competent in research, publications and the norms and values of being a researcher. Only a handful of studies have examined early-career academics’ perceptions of doing research at the doctoral level. This exploratory qualitative study sought to fill the gap and contribute to understanding of factors contributing to early career academics’ research capability development. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore in-depth the issues concerning research, publication, supervision, and networking among early career academics. The data were collected from 19 early-career academics in the first year of their career, who are attached with different universities and in different disciplines in Malaysia. The findings from the thematic analysis identified that supervision, individual’s participation in scholarly research activities, and institutional formal learning supported the development of the participants’ research capabilities. Although the PhD programme lay emphasis on independent learning, it should be seen as a process that occurs in phases; hence, the research courses offered and support from the supervisor are important to assist the transition to becoming an independent scholar. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that universities be more sensitive to the demands and expectations of academic career so that the PhD programmes offered do not merely focus on research but also develop the skills required of future academics at university.</p>