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Academic literature on the topic 'Cartilagine articolare'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cartilagine articolare"
Salaffi, F., M. Carotti, and C. Cervini. "Modificazioni morfo-funzionali della cartilagine nella senescenza e nell'osteoartrosi." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 7, no. 3_suppl (October 1994): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19714009940070s305.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cartilagine articolare"
Baldacci, Francesco. "Ingegnerizzazione del processo produttivo di uno scaffold osteocondrale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textZani, D. D. "Artrografia RM tramite iniezione intrarticolare di aria (MRAr) per la valutazione di lesioni indotte artificialmente sulla cartilagine articolare del nodello equino." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/61503.
Full textNELLI, NICOLA. "“Sviluppo di materiali biocompositi per la realizzazione di sostituti tissutali per impianti a breve e lungo termine”." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1011390.
Full textAll human tissues are mainly made by fibrous networks (collagens and elastin) deeply interpenetrated by an amorphous polysaccharide matrix of proteoglycans and non-collagenous glycoproteins, forming an insoluble solid permeated by a ionic fluid, which is the extracellular matrix (ECM)1, in which there is also a cellular component which supplies nutrients for all the tissue components. The macroscopic properties of the tissue are determined by the peculiar composition and assemblage of the fibrillary components and of the matrix. The hierarchical structure of the tissues at a dimensional level [molecular scale (1-100 nm), ultramolecular scale (0.1-100 μm) and tissue scale (0.1-100 mm)] acquire a significant role in the determination of the physical and physiological features. The ECM, as a consequence of the specialization of the tissue, is able to meet expectations for the specific functions required, such as the mechanical resistance in the tendons and ligaments, the extreme hardness through calcification in bones and teeth, the glomerular filtration rate, the adherence to basal membranes, etc., so to be responsible for the mechanical support functions of elasticity, cellular anchoring, the determination of cell orientation and the exchange of molecules and fluids in human tissues. The different functions, thanks to their specific roles, allow us to distinguish the tissues at a micro and macro level, so to divide them easily in two categories: soft tissues (muscles, heart, nerves, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, skin, crystalline lens, etc.) and hard tissues (mainly bones and teeth). On the basis of the nature and the structure of the ECM, hydrogels seemed to be the best choice for the simulation of the chemical-physical features. Hydrogels are renowned for their hydrophilic reticulum, which inflate in water or in biological fluids, absorbing a high percentage of liquids, although remains insoluble. Moreover, they are excellent biomimetic materials for the capability of modulating their structural, morphologic and mechanical features on the basis of the specific need, by varying their composition and their grade of reticulation (such as for hydrogels with a polyvinyl alcohol basis2-4). Therefore, hydrogels were ideal candidates for tissue engineering and for regenerative medicine. The aim of the PhD research was the synthesis and characterization of bio composite materials with a hydrogel matrix to be used as tissue replacement. During this study, some of the most invalidating and high cost articular pathologies have been taken into consideration; among these: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee cartilage, degenerative illness, which leads to the friction between the bones, with consequent atherosclerosis formations, eburnation of the bones, bone cists, synovitis, effusion and swelling of the knee and in large scale stiffness and pain which compromise the regular walking functions5. The degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IDD), featured by a clear drop in cellular liveliness, a reduction of the water content and the consequent nourishment supply, a gradual substitution of the core with a fibrocartilage tissue and the formation of cracks and fractures in the external fibroses annul, which may lead to a structural fail of the IVD, causing also serious spine disorders, another invalidating syndrome6. Meniscus injuries subject to wear, caused by demanding work, or by trauma or stress, especially for athletes. This last case is very common and it is characterized by pain and a period of impediment, with short or medium term prognosis or with the total block of the articulation. As a result, surgery includes a permanent change in the amount of load and stress on the articular cartilage, which often causes a premature onset of OA7. In order to face inconveniences produced by OA, a biomimetic material was projected and synthesized, so to use it as a substitute of the tibia cartilage. This material was the PVA hydrogel, reticulated chemically through STMP (both materials are notoriously atoxic and used as food additives)3,8. To determine the best conditions, five hydrogel samples with different molar ratios PVA:STMP (1:0.1; 1:0.25; 1:0.5; 1:1; 1:2)were synthetized and valued. While monitoring the effect of the variation of the parameters such as, pH (11, 12, 13), the concentration of the reticulated solution (10%/20% p/v), the reaction time (24, 48, 72 o 96 ore) and the different modalities of solution agitation (mechanical and magnetic), the desiccation methodology (through Lyophilisation (_L) or through heater (_E) 60°C) evaluating the results on the base of the reaction feedback, the solidity and continuity of the materials’ structure.The synthetized materials were later chemically characterized through an IR spectrometry, mass spectrometry of secondary ions (ToF-SIMS), colorimetric test and element analysis (AE), in order to determine the quality and quantity of the reticulum. From a physical point of view, the materials were characterizedthanks to the thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and the evaluation of the water content (WC), it was possible to value if the entrance of the reticulum changed the thermic stability of the PVA matrix and, moreover, the inflatement capability of the hydrogel. Then, the material was characterized morphologically, through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC)to analyse respectively the micro and the meso-structure. Finally, a rheological and mechanical characterization was made, thanks to a rheological analysis and a dynamo mechanical analysis(DMA) to determine if the viscoelastic properties of the materials are comparable to those of the tibia cartilage tissue. In conclusion, degradation and cytotoxic tests were made, following international procedures (ISO/FDIS 10993-5 e 10993-13 Biological evaluation of medical device), to evaluate the chemicalstability and the cytocompatibility of the synthetizedmaterials. From the analysis made on the sample PVA-H 0.5_E,it is possible to identify similar characteristics to the cartilage of the tibial plafond, in terms of hydration, stability, mechanical properties, and cytotoxicity and, therefore, it may be used in the realization of biomedical implants for the osteoarthritis therapy9,10. In order to face one of the most serious spinal disorders, the herniation of the intervertebral disc, in which a leak of material of the nucleus pulposus (NP) touches the nervous structures of the spine and causes intense pain, it was possible to propose a PVA hydrogel, synthetized chemically through STMP and enriched by PVP. The PVP is a highly hydrophilic polymer, which interacts through hydrogen bonds with the PVA chains11, and has allowed to decrease the degree of reticulation, producing a matrix with similar mechanical properties to the NP, and, at the same time, it has increased the water content of the samples, reaching the measures of the tissue that is being replaced.To determine the best conditions, three hydrogels were synthetized with the same molar ratioPVA:STMP (1:0.5), but with growing contents of PVP % p/v (1%, 2.5% e 5% p/v). The materials were later characterized through a chemical analysis, by IR spectrometry and colorimetric tests to determine the quality and quantity of the reticulum and to appraise if the introduction of PVP produced disturbing effects in the hydrogel’s matrix. More tests were made, by a physical viewpoint, thanks to thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and evaluation of the water content(WC) to estimate the inflatement capacities of the hydrogels.Morphological tests, through differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were made to determine the mesostructure. Rheological analyses (AR) were made to determine if the viscoelastic properties of the materials were comparable with those of the spinal nucleus pulposus, and finally cytotoxic tests were made, following international procedures (ISO/FDIS 10993-5 e 10993-13 Biological evaluation of medical device), to evaluate the chemical stability and the cytocompatibility of the synthetized materials. In conclusion, from the results obtained in this study, the best material which mimes best the NP features is the 5.0% sample, with hydration and mechanical properties similar to the NP. Therefore, the 5.0% sample may be considered an excellent possibility for the realization of biomedical implants for the therapy of spinal degenerations12. The research of biomimetic materials for the therapy of meniscal injuries was made by proposing two different samples of PVA based hydrogels for the substitution of regeneration of the meniscus, depending on the type of lesion: For those cases in which the patient had undergone Meniscectomy for a serious fracture, a PVA hydrogel reticulum obtained through STMP with ratioPVA:STMP 1:0.25, after three reticulations with the aim of incrementing the mechanical properties, so to reach similar features to those of the meniscus (approximately120 kPa) was proposed as a possible substitute13.For those cases in which the meniscal lesions were of a minor entity, a cellular scaffold was proposed. This scaffold was made by a hydrogel mix of PVA and Xanthan Gum, reticulated simultaneously through STMP for the regeneration of the meniscal tissue14. The research of the best substitute involved the synthesis of three samples with different content % p/v di XG-PVA (60-40; 30-70; 15-85).Once synthetized, both typologies of materials were cross-examined by a chemical, physical and mechanical characterization. Moreover, the materials undergone citotoxicological tests in vitro to evaluate the suitability for temporary or permanent meniscal substitutes. In the case of long-term substitutes, the sample 3R PVA-H 0.25 may be considered as a potential biomimetic substitute of the meniscus. To what may concern the stress relaxation tests, it is capable of instant dissipation of the deformation performed, by touching a decrease percentage > than 95% after 1 second, similarly to the human cartilage tissue15and with the same G value13.In the case of celluar scaffolds, the sample with improved skils such as biomimetic material is XG15.X15posses good properties in terms of hydration, mechanical properties apt for cellular colonization.Therefore, the sample XG15 is a potential candidate for the realization of biomedical implants for the therapy of meniscal lesions and it is qualified for the following evaluation fase of citotoxicology in vitro, in accordance with the law ISO/FDIS 10993-5.
Cadossi, Matteo <1978>. "Valutazione sperimentale della rigenerazione cartilaginea articolare dopo stimolazione biofisica con campi elettromagnetici pulsati in associazione a trattamenti chirurgici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5354/1/cadossi_matteo_tesi.pdf.
Full textSeveral tissue engineering approaches have been developed to address hyaline cartilage lesions, but to date there is not a definitive procedure able to promote a repair tissue with the same mechanical and functional characteristics of native cartilage. Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation (PEMFs) represents an innovative therapeutic approach. PEMFs increases the anabolic activity of chondrocytes with consequent increase of matrix synthesis, and limits the catabolic effects of inflammatory cytokines, thus reducing cartilage degradation inside the surgical microenvironment. PEMFs mediate an upregulation of A2A adenosine receptors and a potentiation of their anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of PEMFs in experimental osteochondral defect healing in a rabbit model. Both knees joints of 20 rabbits were exposed and a 4mm diameter osteochondral defect was created in the medial femoral condile. The defect in the right knee was left untreated while in the left knee was filled either with collagen scaffold or with the same scaffold loaded with bone marrow-derived cells previously harvested from the iliac crest. According to the treatment performed 10 rabbits were given PEMF of four hours duration per day for 40 days while other 10 were given sham stimulators. At 40 days the animals were sacrificed and histological evaluation was performed. The quality of the repair tissue was graded with the O’Driscoll modified score and a statistical analysis was done. By comparing the defects left untreated PEMFs significantly improved the histological score (p=0.021). The same result was observed when comparing lesions treated with scaffold loaded with bone marrow-derived cells (p=0.032). No significant difference was found between stimulated or sham treated animals when the defect was filled with the scaffold alone (p=0.413). PEMFs was an effective method to improve healing of osteochondral defects in association with current surgical tissue engineering techniques.
Cadossi, Matteo <1978>. "Valutazione sperimentale della rigenerazione cartilaginea articolare dopo stimolazione biofisica con campi elettromagnetici pulsati in associazione a trattamenti chirurgici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5354/.
Full textSeveral tissue engineering approaches have been developed to address hyaline cartilage lesions, but to date there is not a definitive procedure able to promote a repair tissue with the same mechanical and functional characteristics of native cartilage. Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation (PEMFs) represents an innovative therapeutic approach. PEMFs increases the anabolic activity of chondrocytes with consequent increase of matrix synthesis, and limits the catabolic effects of inflammatory cytokines, thus reducing cartilage degradation inside the surgical microenvironment. PEMFs mediate an upregulation of A2A adenosine receptors and a potentiation of their anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of PEMFs in experimental osteochondral defect healing in a rabbit model. Both knees joints of 20 rabbits were exposed and a 4mm diameter osteochondral defect was created in the medial femoral condile. The defect in the right knee was left untreated while in the left knee was filled either with collagen scaffold or with the same scaffold loaded with bone marrow-derived cells previously harvested from the iliac crest. According to the treatment performed 10 rabbits were given PEMF of four hours duration per day for 40 days while other 10 were given sham stimulators. At 40 days the animals were sacrificed and histological evaluation was performed. The quality of the repair tissue was graded with the O’Driscoll modified score and a statistical analysis was done. By comparing the defects left untreated PEMFs significantly improved the histological score (p=0.021). The same result was observed when comparing lesions treated with scaffold loaded with bone marrow-derived cells (p=0.032). No significant difference was found between stimulated or sham treated animals when the defect was filled with the scaffold alone (p=0.413). PEMFs was an effective method to improve healing of osteochondral defects in association with current surgical tissue engineering techniques.