Academic literature on the topic 'Cartographic corpus'

In this paper, I introduce methodologies to tap corpora for exploring aggregate linguistic distances between dialects or varieties as a function of properties of geographic space. The paper describes the different steps necessary to obtain an appropriate corpus-based dataset (a so-called ‘distance matrix’), and subsequently discusses several cartographic visualisation techniques – network maps, continuum maps and cluster maps – to project aggregate linguistic relationships to geography. In addition, the paper sketches some statistical methods to quantify these relationships. By way of example, a case study draws on the Freiburg Corpus of English Dialects – a major dialect corpus in which more than thirty traditional dialects of English from all over Great Britain are sampled. With a focus on regional variation in morphosyntax and on the basis of text frequencies of several dozen features, the study probes joint linguistic variability between the dialects sampled in the corpus.

This is the first of seven articles comprising a book-length treatment of The Atlas by the acclaimed Australian poet and journalist Kenneth Slessor (1901–1971). Hisreputation as Australia’s first modernist poet and pioneer of her national poeticidentity began with his 1932 collection Cuckooz Contrey, which opened with one ofthe most original interpretations of cartography in verse: the five-poem sequence The Atlas. Fascinated by maps and navigators’ tales, Slessor began each poem withthe title of a map or an atlas by a cartographer prominent during Europe’s “goldenage of cartography,” and then alluded to that particular work throughout thepoem. The sequence celebrates the cartographic achievements of the seventeenthcentury while imaginatively recreating the worlds portrayed in very differentmaps, including Robert Norton’s plan of Algiers (“The King of Cuckooz”), JohnOgilby’s road maps (“Post-roads”), Joan Blaeu’s plan-view of Amsterdam (“DutchSeacoast”), John Speed’s world map (“Mermaids”), and a map of the West Indies,supposedly by Nicolas or Adrien Sanson, featuring buccaneers and a seafight (“TheSeafight”). Yet none of these maps appears in Slessor’s collections or critical studiesof his work. Nor have his poems been juxtaposed with the atlases, maps, or rarecatalogue of maps that inspired them.I plan to fill these gaps in six future issues of Cartographic Perspectives. Fivewill begin with an Atlas poem—reprinted in its entirety and in the order ofits appearance within the sequence. Analysis of the poem’s content will befollowed by discussion of its introductory quote or epigraph, which Slessor (ashis poetry notebook makes clear) found in the map catalogue. Next comes anexamination of both the cartographer and the map highlighted in the epigraph.By reproducing the map as well as the catalogue’s description of the map, eacharticle will uncover the cartographic connections between Slessor’s publishedpoem and its manuscript versions, its map(s), and the map catalogue. AnEpilogue will round out my series by exploring the unique atlas-like structure ofSlessor’s sequence and identifying the likely author of the catalogue that Slessorcreatively transformed into The Atlas.My Introduction, the only part of the series published in this issue, providesthe background for what will become the first extended examination of The Atlas. Opening with a brief biography of Slessor as poet, journalist, and man-about-Sydney, it surveys Cuckooz Contrey before turning to The Atlas, which debuted inthat collection. The effort that Slessor lavished on his sequence and on masteringthe period in which it is set are revealed throughout the notebook in whichhe drafted all five poems. Reviewing his corpus shows that The Atlas uniquelycombines strategies apparent in Slessor’s earlier and later poems, includinghis emphasis on the arts and the use of illustrations to heighten his poetry’sallure. The Introduction presents the maps created to illustrate his poetry,especially Strange Lands, made by the famously controversial Norman Lindsayand featured as the frontispiece of Cuckooz Contrey. Slessor’s poetic allusionsto maps lead to the magnificent nautical library in which he may have foundthe inspiration for The Atlas. Yet, as the second half of this article demonstrates,that library collection has proved one of many challenges to producing thisgroundbreaking study.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Maps are a means of communication with their own language. This contribution makes a methodological proposal for a tool for to analyse the cartographic language of thematic maps and atlases. Based on the work of Jacques Bertin and on approaches of the Visual Studies, this methodology works on decoding maps in terms of their basic elements, the signs and graphic objects that compose them. As a tool it should allow comparative research on cartographic productions, both, synchronically and diachronically. It suggests two analytical schemes, one for maps and the other for complex map-editions, e.g. atlases.</p><p> On the example of spatial entities (state territories, natural areas etc.), the first part of this contribution introduces the semiotic analysis-scheme for thematic maps. It shows how to deal systematically with signs, signatures and graphic objects on maps. Such analyses should produce the fundament for comparative approaches, which allow to detect typical patterns in cartography and to identify elements of cartographic languages.</p><p> We are interested in the cartographic languages of maps used in atlases. To do this we have chosen a quantitative analysis of the visual content, maps, diagrams and images. The quantitative method makes it possible to analyse a large corpus of maps and atlases, thus making it possible to make comparisons between contents both diachronically and synchronically, i.e. comparisons in time and space. This is an approach relatively rarely used in cartography. There are few studies that produce a quantitative analysis of cartographic content. Among the existing ones, that of Alexandre Kent and especially that of Muelhenhaus on the Goode atlas series. We are following in the footsteps of these studies. To do this, we decided to adopt a semiological approach to the study of maps. Of course, we cannot talk about maps and semiology without mentioning Jacques Bertin and his book: graphic semiology: diagrams, networks, maps (1963) in which he tried to define a “grammar” by establishing rules of good cartographic practice, even if the book is not exclusively reduced to the map.</p><p> The book itself does not contain any reference, but it can be said that graphic semiology is itself derived from linguistic semiology, developed in particular by Ferdinand Saussure. However, although Bertin's work has influenced many cartographers in the design of maps, the method has been little used in the cartographic analysis itself. Semiology is an approach that has been used mainly in the analysis of images and diagrams rather than in cartography. Although it is true that iconographic analysis studies in semiology claim more Barthes and Saussure than Bertin.</p><p> The map can also be considered as an image. Several iconographic analysis studies have thus integrated the map as an object of study. This is the case, for example, of engelhardt who, in his <i>thesis</i> “<i>the language of graphics: a framework for the analysis of syntax and meaning in maps, charts and diagram</i>” (2002), focuses on several types of iconography, even if the map remains a central element of his analysis. Another example is the work of André Lavarde, who in his article “<i>la flèche : le signe qui anime les schémas</i>” (1996) focuses on the history of the use of the arrow in diagrams, while evoking its use in geographical maps. There are therefore bridges between iconographic and cartographic analysis.</p><p> This research is therefore a continuation of the work of Bertin, Mulhenhaus and to a certain extent Engelhardt. The coding system we have developed for our cartographic analysis is divided into three parts and divided tehemselves into several categories. Each category corresponds to a column in the table. From there, there are two ways to fill in the columns. In the first case by filling in the field with the requested information such as the title of a map. Or in a second case to enter 0; 1; or 2 depending on whether the information that corresponds to the absence, presence or uncertainty of the requested information. So if the map coded uses the Mercator projection then it will be entered 1 in the column “map projection: cylindrical projection” and 0 in the column “map projection: compromise”.</p><p> The table is composed of three parts. The first part concerns the general information of the coded map (image 1). This is for example the name of the atlas, the page, the chapter in which the map is located. Then more general information about the map itself is coded like for example its title, theme, scale, type of projection used, etc. This makes it possible to collect a set of basic data. It should be noted that, as mentioned above, we do not only code maps but also other forms of visual representations of space that can be found in atlases. For example, there are images, satellite photos or diagrams that can represent different geographical areas. If the coded object is not a map, this is specified. There is a category provided for this purpose. When coding, cartography-specific elements, such as map projection, are therefore not taken into account. Not all the columns in our table are intended to be filled by each map or coded image. The codification process is therefore flexible. Although the code does not focus only on maps, they represent the vast majority of the content of the atlases studied. This is why we refer more to the “map” rather than to the “visual representation of space”. However, even if they are in the minority, it is important in the analysis to take into account representations of space other than cartography.</p><p> The second part of the table focuses on the signs used by the maps. First of all, we have chosen to divide them into three categories: symbols that are related to the point of the line and the surface. These are the three elementary figures of geometry that Bertin calls implantations. It is from these three types of locations that the different symbols are created. We have distinguished them between the thematic symbols, which are there to illustrate the theme of the map, to convey its message and the Background symbol present to help the reader to orientate himself in space. This is the case, for example, of the equator's path, which is rarely thematic, but rather serves as a geographical point of reference. Of course, the thematic symbols vary according to the theme of the map. Thus, territorial borders can be considered thematic if it is a political map, but will be considered Background information if it is present on a map representing global forest cover. The purpose of this part is to have as much content as possible on the elements that make a map.</p><p> The third and last part of the table refers to visual variables. To be interested in visual variables is to be interested in the interactions between symbols. It is on this part that we rely most on Bertin's work. We have thus taken 5 of the 7 variables he defined. The orientation and the two dimensions of the plan were excluded from our study because they are constant in the cartographic production. It would therefore be irrelevant to record them each time. This is not the case for the remaining components: size, value, texture, shape, and colour. These are elements that may be present in cartography but are not individually necessary. These visual variables form the basic grammar of the “cartographic language”. Studying the visual variables is a way for us to observe how the different signs interact with each other and to see how an information is convey. These visual rules have been established in the 1960s, therefore it the relevance of using this framework to study historical map can be questioned. But Bertin did not design his rules from scratch, he relied on previous mapping practices. It is therefore interesting to observe how often they have been used.</p><p> The second part deals with map themes and regional structures of atlases. Using principles of Visual Studies, it suggests to observe atlases as a whole as cultural products, each subject to a visual programme that determines the frameworks of its expressions and its claim for representativeness. By comparing elements like projection, scale, maps-themes, regional sequences etc. systematically, one may unveil the specific interpretations of world views which are contained in the atlas’ concepts. As some atlases are published in a long series of editions, they become interesting research objects in an evolutionary perspective.</p><p> In a diachronic perspective the coding scheme suggested here, focussing themes and regional subdivisions of atlases, builds the fundament for longitudinal studies. Both methodological parts should make cartographic and atlas-studies more compatible to cultural and historical research approaches.</p><p> Taking the example of a few maps from French atlases from nineteen centuries to the early 2000s the second part of this contribution wants to give an idea, how this methodology can be used to study the evolution of cartographic language over time under the influence of the global condition and how French cartographers faced the challenge of representing a growing interconnected world and which graphical tools they developed.</p>

Abstract In this article, I investigate the diachronic development of a construction in Modern Spanish. It consists of an epistemic or evidential modifier followed by the complementizer (hence Adv+C) that heads root clauses (Seguro Adv que C viene ‘Surely he/she will come’). I demonstrate that the distributional, semantic, and pragmatic properties support a monoclausal analysis for Modern Spanish Adv+C as well as for its historical source construction. I propose a cartographic analysis associating Adv+C and the source construction with a low position in Rizzi’s split CP. Supported by corpus data, I identify a verum focus construction (Aff+C) as the origin of Adv+C. I claim that the loss of the verum interpretation triggers the reanalysis of the construction. This ultimately gives rise to its productive extension to other epistemic and evidential modifiers.

This article discusses a single late-fifteenth-century English manuscript as evidence for an understudied form of “virtual” pilgrimage. Bringing together the techniques of codicological, textual, and cartographic-historical research, the article shows how Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 426 presents a vision of the world profoundly inflected by Holy Land pilgrimage, in which scholarly, mathematical geography is placed in the service of knowledge and understanding of the Holy Land. Indeed, within MS 426, the process of gaining understanding of the world’s geography and of the place of the Holy Land within it becomes a kind of virtual pilgrimage: a form of vicarious wandering that prompts religious contemplation and devotion. The article, which includes discussion of the manuscript’s unique and previously unstudied Jerusalem map, thus reminds us to keep in mind the inadequacy of modern taxonomies for dealing with the messy materialities of medieval texts.

AbstractThe striking wall paintings uncovered in the excavations at Çatalhöyük have fascinated archaeologists and non-archaeologists alike, and many interpretations of their content and meaning have been proposed. This article re-evaluates the claim that one of these paintings is a map of the village, with Hasan Dağ erupting above it. It is argued that the excavator's first interpretation of the objects depicted in the painting, that is, that they are a leopard skin above a panel of geometric design, is in fact a far more reasonable one, when this painting is contextualised within the entire corpus of painting and other art objects found at the site. Implications of this re-interpretation for our understanding of Neolithic spatial and symbolic representation, and the origin of mapmaking are considered, as well as the importance of the depiction of animals and felines in the Neolithic period.

Resumo: O corpo está por toda parte: ele é aquele que «está irreparavelmente aqui» onde estou, eu que não «posso me deslocar sem ele», já disse o filósofo. Talvez por isso mesmo seja tão antigo e tão insistente o movimento que, multiplicando as metáforas para dizer sua presença, visa de fato a maior parte do tempo seu ocultamento. Assim, se é possível falar aqui de uma cartografia, ela sem dúvida designará o intenso movimento filosófico de ocultamento do corpo, que paradoxalmente dá a ver o que tanto se buscou evitar: é que o corpo sempre resiste, insistindo em se fazer disponível aos «mundos múltiplos e divergentes» que a cada vez a arte aproxima. Palavras-chave: Corpo. Movimento. Formação humana. Cartography of the body and unmanageability Abstract: The body is everywhere: he is «is irreparably here» where I am, for «I cannot move without him», as the philosopher said. Perhaps it is why this ancient and persistent movement that multiplies the metaphors to tell its presence seeks in fact its concealment most of the time. Thus, if it is possible to speak about a cartography, it will undoubtedly designate the intense philosophical movement of body concealment, which paradoxically hints at what it has sought so much to avoid: is that the body always resists, insisting on making itself available to « multiple and divergent worlds» which art approaches each time. Keywords: Body. Mouvement. Human Formation. Cartographies du corps et de l’ingovernabilité Résumé: Le corps est partout: « il est ici irréparablement» où je suis, car «je ne peux pas me déplacer sans lui», comme le philosophe l’a dit. Et c’est peut-être là la raison par laquelle, à force de multiplier les métaphores pour signaler as présence, ce que lui vise, finalement, la plupart du temps est bien son effacement. Ainsi, s’il nous est permis de parler de cartographie, elle devra sans doute désigner cet intense mouvement philosophique d’oubli du corps, qui finalement révèle ce qui l’on a tellement voulu éviter : car le corps résiste, à chaque fois, et qu’il insiste de se faire disponible aux «mondes multiples et divergents» que, à chaque fois, l’art rend présent. Mots-clés: Corps. Mouvement. Formation humaine.

Antonio Revenga Carbonell fue un ingeniero geógrafo que destacó por su actividad cartográfica y geográfica. Tras su ingreso en el cuerpo, en 1912, adquirió diferentes competencias en el Instituto Geográfico Nacional y diversificó sus conocimientos técnicos. La cartografía es la menos conocida entre sus actividades y la más importante. Su experienciaprofesional como topógrafo e ingeniero contribuyó a que diferentes Ayuntamientos requirieran sus servicios, durante las décadas 1940-1960, para levantar planos urbanos precisos y realizar proyectos de ensanche acordes con la legislación urbana de la época. El objetivo es dar a conocer un capítulo del legado cartográfico español que, en su mayor parte, ha permanecido oculto en los archivos, o ha sido desconocido por las propias instituciones.Antonio Revenga Carbonell était un ingénieur géographe qui se distinguait par son activité cartographique et géographique. Après être entré dans le corps, en 1912, il acquit différentes compétences à l’Institut géographique national et diversifia ses connaissances techniques. La cartographie est la moins connue de ses activités et la plus importante. Son expérience professionnelle d’arpenteur-géomètre et d’ingénieur a permis à différentes municipalités, dans les années 1940 et 1960, de solliciter ses services pour élaborer des plans précis et mener à bien des projets d’élargissement conformes à la législation urbaine de l’époque. L’objectif est de faire connaître un chapitre de l’héritage cartographique espagnol qui, pour l’essentiel, est resté caché dans les archives ou inconnu des institutions elles-mêmes.Antonio Revenga Carbonell was a Geographical Engineer who stood out for his cartographic and geographical activity. After entering the corps, in 1912, he acquired different skills at the National Geographic Institute and diversified his technical knowledge. Cartography is the least known among his activitiesbut the most important. His professional experience as a surveyor and engineer contributed to different municipalities requiring their services, during the 1940s and 1960s, to build accurate urban plans and carry out extension projects in accordance with the urban legislation of that time.The objective is to present a chapter of the Spanish cartographic legacy that, for the most part, has remained hidden in the archives, or has been unknown by the institutions themselves.

In this article, I argue that “seeing with sound" is a fraught political process with the potential to both obfuscate and assist Indigenous claims to land. I do so by analyzing the Portland District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ 2007 sonar images of Celilo Falls on the Columbia River. I take up feminist materialist analytics developed by Native American and Indigenous Studies scholarship on cartography and refusal, and place them in conversation with the sonic geographies of Columbia River Indigenous writers. Namely, I use Elizabeth Woody’s poem Waterways Endeavor to Translate Silence from Currents (1994) to investigate how overlapping and conflicting deployments of sonic imaging play a major cultural, political, and material role in the (re)mapping of Celilo Falls. First, I present a theoretical framework that considers the role of what I call sonic knowledges in unsettling colonial visual cartographies. I use archival Army Corps’ maps and critical sonar studies literature to show how the Army Crops’ 2007 riverbed sonograms emerge from a longer context of US settler practices of enclosing land with maps and surveying water with sound. I then turn to a close reading of newspaper articles and state legislation to analyze how the sonograms take on a present political life in ways that repackage ocularcentrism and assuage settler guilt, thus authorizing ongoing US enclosure of Indigenous lands. Yet, I also bring to bear Indigenous sonic knowledges that position imaging processes as potentially antithetical to addressing questions of access to land and self-determination. Through examining newspaper interviews, public testimonies, and Elizabeth Woody’s poem, I elucidate deployments of sonic knowledge that can help us think about what anti-colonial (re)mapping practices demand of contemporary cartographic imaging processes. Attending to sonic knowledges under conditions of settler-ocularcentrism, I suggest, might assist anti-colonial feminist science studies engagements with processes of imag(in)ing Indigenous space.

Resumo: O artigo desdobra algumas implicações decorrentes de uma análise ficcional em torno das artes neoliberais de governo. Nessa direção, articula os pressupostos das teorias biopolíticas da formação humana agenciadas pela entrada no Antropoceno, a fim de pensar a desabilitação do que Elizabeth Povinelli chama de imaginário do carbono e seus processos de marcação, distinção e desqualificação ontológica. Trata-se, portanto, de um ensaio especulativo produzido em torno do diagnóstico de um desmoronamento catastrófico da distinção fundamental da episteme moderna, a distinção entre as ordens cosmológica e antropológica, sugerindo uma cartografia precária dos corpos ingovernáveis ancorada em uma sutil arte política: a arte de segurar o céu pelas diferenças. Essa arte almeja atravessar o abismo que historicamente separou um povo com filosofia em oposição aos povos com mito, construindo pontes que incitem a Filosofia da educação e seus praticantes a se situarem na equivocidade dos mundos e aí habitar. Palavras-chave: Antropoceno. Geontologia. Cartografias da diferença. Formação humana. Altered bodies, ungovernable bodies: ethical-aesthetic cartographies to hold the sky through diferences Abstract: The article unfolds some implications arising from a fictional analysis around the neoliberal arts of government. In this sense, it articulates the presuppositions of the biopolitical theories of human formation that were introduced by the entry into the Anthropocene, in order to think about the disabling of what Elizabeth Povinelli calls the carbon imaginary and its processes of marking, distinction and ontological disqualification. The argument is a speculative essay produced around the diagnosis of a catastrophic collapse of the fundamental distinction of modern episteme, suggesting a precarious cartography of ungovernable bodies anchored in a subtle political art: art of holding the sky through the differences. This art aims to bridge the chasm that has historically separated a people with philosophy as opposed to people with myth, building bridges that incite the Philosophy of education and its practitioners to lie in the equivocity of worlds and dwell there. Keywords: Anthropocene. Geontology. Cartographies of the difference. Human formation. Cuerpos alterados, cuerpos ingobernables: cartografías ético-estéticas para sostener el cielo a través de las diferencias Resumen: El artículo desarrolla un análisis sobre las artes neoliberales del gobierno. En este sentido, refleja las presuposiciones de las teorías biopolíticas de la formación humana frente a la entrada al Antropoceno, a fin de pensar la desactivación de lo que Elizabeth Povinelli llama el imaginario del carbono y sus procesos de distinción y descalificación ontológica. Es, por lo tanto, un ensayo especulativo producido en torno al diagnóstico de un colapso catastrófico de la distinción fundamental de la episteme moderna, sugiriendo una cartografía de cuerpos ingobernables anclados en un sutil arte político: la arte de sostener el cielo a través de las diferencias. Esta arte tiene como objetivo cerrar el abismo que ha dividido un pueblo con filosofía y un pubelo con mitos, construyendo puentes que inciten a la Filosofía de la educación y a sus practicantes a pararse en la ambigüedad de los mundos y habitar allí. Palabras clave: Antropoceno. Geontología. Cartografías de la diferencia. Formación humana.

La cartographie d’Alexandrie constitue une source documentaire inestimable et incontournable pour l’étude de l’histoire de la ville. La présente recherche cartographique propose à partir d’un ensemble de 122 plans, issus d’un corpus de près de 700 plans, d’étudier l’histoire des représentations d’Alexandrie du milieu du XIXe siècle au milieu du XXe siècle, selon quatre perspectives : les plans publiés dans les annuaires et les guides, la production cartographique de la famille Nicohosoff, les plans d’assurance ainsi que la réorganisation de la ville pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. La cartographie a été associée à d’autres sources historiques, telles que les mémoires et les relations de voyage, les gravures, les photographies, dont les photographies aériennes, la presse, les guides et les annuaires, ainsi qu’à des archives familiales et à une importante prospection sur le terrain.Une contextualisation des plans, par l’identification ou la vérification de l’auteur, de la date, et le cas échéant de l’ouvrage source, ainsi qu’une comparaison des plans entre eux permet de mieux appréhender ces documents et de les utiliser d’une manière plus adaptée. Une attention toute particulière est portée aux auteurs. Il s’agit ainsi de lier l’histoire des hommes à l’histoire de la ville. D’autres thèmes ont été également abordés tels que ceux des copies incessantes, avec l’identification d’un certain nombre de ces sources, de la concurrence, du droit de propriété et des différents acteurs de la cartographie
The cartography of Alexandria represents an invaluable and essential documentary source for the study of the town’s history. The present research is based upon an ensemble of 122 maps chosen from a corpus of almost 700 and intends to study the history of representations of Alexandria from the mid-19th century until the mid-20th century from four perspectives: maps published in almanacs and guidebooks; the cartographic production of the Nicohosoff family; insurance plans; and those developed in relation to the redevelopment of the town during the First World War. The cartography has been associated with other historical sources, such as memoires and travelogues, engravings and photography, including aerial photography, the press, guidebooks and almanacs, as well as family archives and wide-scale investigation on the ground.Setting the maps in context, though identifying or verifying the author, the date and, if not, the source work, alongside comparisons between maps will allow for a better understanding of the documents and manner of their most appropriate use. Particular attention is paid to the authors in order to link the history of men with the history of the town. Other themes are also tackled, such as that of the incessant copying, with the identification of a certain number of these sources, the competition involved, proprietary rights and the different actors within the cartography

Pourquoi cartographie du corps? parce que le corps est au centre de nombreux enjeux techniques. Pourquoi experience du temps? parce que le vivant est lie a differentes temporalites. Nous montrons la rencontre du corps et de ces temporalites dans des cartes : lieux de la mesure, du savoir et de l'information. Ainsi les trois premieres parties recensent de multiples cartes. Nous suivons avant tout l'evolution de l'histoire de la medecine. Avec cette rationalisation du corps se pose la question : que devient l'homme? la difficulte pour ces cartes d'integrer la temporalite est signe des enjeux philosophiques et moraux de cette cartographie. La derniere partie confronte plus directement la structure des cartes a l'ordre humain. Cet ordre etant d'essence politique : que deviennent les individus et l'etat dans ces multiples lectures du corps et, finalement, de l'homme? quel role peut jouer la philosophie dans ce debat ethique, toujours renouvele, ne d'un corps sans cesse plus dependant de la technique?
Why a chartography of the body? because the body is the focal point of many technical issues. Why an experience of time? because the living is linked to different temporalities, we show the meeting points between the body and these temporalities on charts (and maps) : the places for measure, knowledge and information. Thus the first three parts inventary multiple charts. First of all we follow the evolution of the history of medicine. With the rationalization of the body we raise the question : what becomes of man? the difficulty for these charts to integrate temporality points at the philosophical and moral issues of this chartography. The last part more directly confronts the structure of charts with the human order. This order being of political essence : what do individuals and state become in these multiple readings of body, and finally of man? what role can philosophy play in this ever-renewed ethical debate born of a body ceaselessly more dependant of technique?

COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Le propos de cette Thèse est présenter une carte de l`importance de la puissance affective du corps dans les formes de subjetivation contemporaines d`après la théorie de Donald Woods Winnicott. Le concept du geste est l`axe fondamental qui guide notre chemin dès que le geste est consideré le protagoniste des processus de création, communication et de production de la singularité dessinés dans la clinique psychoanalitique.
Sob o espectro da teoria de Donald Woods Winnicott, a presente Tese tem como objetivo precípuo apresentar um mapeamento da importância da potência afetiva do corpo nas formas de subjetivação contemporâneas. O conceito de gesto é o eixo fundamental para nos direcionar nesse percurso, já que é aqui considerado como protagonista nos processos de criação, de comunicação e de singularização que se desenham na clínica psicanalítica.

Cette thèse n'explore pas ce qu'est le corps, mais ce qu'un corps peut devenir. Elle explore le corps comme un événement en train de se faire à travers les concepts tels que le Corps sans Organes (Antonin Artaud, Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari), le bodying (Erin Manning), le corps en train de se faire (Erin Manning) et le devenir (Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari). Ce que tous ces concepts ont en commun est l'état de devenir. Ici, le corps devient, et en tant que tel - c'est un verbe, une activité, une force. Cette thèse explore non seulement le corps comme une force de devenir, mais elle explore également le devenir de cette force - au niveau moléculaire, expérientiel et relationnel. Comme le dit Manning, un corps est toujours plus qu'un corps. Ici, nous essayons d'aborder les devenirs physiques, expérientiels et relationnels d'un corps en mouvement. Ce qui bouge le corps de l'état d'être vers l'état de devenir est le mouvement. Cette thèse tente de montrer comment le mouvement ne s'arrête jamais. Nous bougeons toujours, donc, il y a une continuité de devenir. Un corps n'est jamais uniquement une forme, il est une force-forme. Le mouvement est celui qui ouvre le corps vers son devenir de force(s). Un corps en mouvement n'est pas une forme d'expression, mais une force d'expressivité. Le mouvement fait le corps, par conséquent, le corps lui-même est un mouvement. Nous ne dansons pas avec le corps, nous dansons le corps lui-même. Le corps est une partition, un corps-partition, de son devenir
This thesis does not explore what body is, but what a body can become. It explores the body as event-in-making throughout the concepts such as Body without Organs (Antonin Artaud, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari), bodying (Erin Manning), body-in-making (Erin Manning). What all of those concepts have in common is the same state - a state of becoming. Here, body becomes, and as such - it is a verb, an activity, a force. This thesis does not only explore the body as a force of becoming, but it also explores the becoming of that force - at the molecular, experiential and relational level. As Manning says, a body is always more-than one. Here, we are trying to approach the physical, experiential and relational becomings of a body in movement. That which moves the body from the state of being into the state of becoming is movement. This thesis is trying to show how movement never stops. We always move, therefore, there is a continuity of becoming. A body is never just a form, but a force-form. Movement is that which opens the body toward its becoming of force(s). A moving body is not a form of expression, but a force-field of expressivity. Movement makes the body, therefore, the body itself is a movement. We are not dancing with the body, we are dancing the body itself. The body is a score, a body-score, of its own becoming

L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’explorer la frontière entre les erreurs grammaticales d'une part et les erreurs textuelles d'autre part, dans les productions écrites des étudiants francophones rédigeant en anglais langue étrangère (L2) à l’université. Pour ce faire, un corpus de textes d’apprenants en anglais L2 a été recueilli et annoté par le biais de plusieurs schémas d’annotation. Le premier schéma d’annotation est issu de l’UAM CorpusTool, un logiciel qui fournit une taxonomie d’erreurs intégrée. Les premières annotations ont été croisées avec d’autres annotations issues des métafonctions sémantiques que nous avons établies, en nous appuyant sur la linguistique systémique fonctionnelle.En plus de fournir des statistiques en termes de fréquence d’occurrence des erreurs spécifiques chez les apprenants francophones, le croisement des schémas a permis d’identifier certaines valeurs proprement phraséologique, sémantique et textuelle qui semblent poser des problèmes particulièrement épineux. A ce titre, une classification de ce que nous avons appelé des erreurs d’acceptabilité textuelle a été établie, dans le but notamment d’avoir une vue globale sur les erreurs identifiables à ce niveau d’analyse. En bref, le présent travail retrace donc le cheminement de l’ensemble de notre thèse de ses débuts conceptuels jusqu’à la proposition d’un modèle explicatif permettant d’établir la description de toute occurrence erronée identifiée en langue étrangère – qu’elle soit notamment grammaticale (c’est-à-dire, imputable au système linguistique) ou textuelle(c’est-à-dire, imputable au texte)
The main objective of this study is to try and pinpoint the frontier between grammatical (or sentence-level) errors on the one hand and textual errors on the other in university student essays. Accordingly, a corpus of English L2 learner texts, written by French learners, was collected and annotated using several annotation schemes. The first annotation scheme used is based on a model from the UAM CorpusTool software package, which provided us with an integrated error taxonomy. The annotations obtained were then cross-analyzed using the semantic metafunctions identified in systemic functional linguistics.In addition to providing statistics in terms of specific error frequency, our cross analysis has identified some areas that appear to pose particularly difficult problems, i.e. phraseology, and certain semantic and textual constructions. A classification of what we have called textual acceptability errors has thus been established. In short, the thesis begins with an examination of conceptual issues and ends with the proposal for an explanatory model that can describe erroneous occurrences identified in a foreign language – whether they are grammatical (i.e., linked to the language system itself) or textual (i.e. linked to the text) in nature

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This work is cast in the investigation of local discursive records produced by queer groups in Brazil, Argentina and the United States. Nevertheless, not limited to the analysis of graphic materials and productions of sexual dissidents, there are also jointly work being carried out in the researcher's body through the inventive production of a new way to experience their sexuality and their gender from two main axes: the trials being threshold life and art held in Rio de Janeiro together with the artist Anais-karenin, who re-dimensioned possible corporeality and gave birth to a new non-binary expression of sex / gender; and written works by combining the production of a field diary of my experiments with MTF process and a poetic production, culminating in the booklet entitled "Site" which is not only a fragment spread in this work, but the actual research work. Above all, my body is a fanzine (a collage, a mix of heterogeneous references): a body-zine
Essa dissertação se lança na investigação dos registros discursivos locais produzidos por grupos queer no Brasil, na Argentina e nos Estados Unidos. A despeito disso, não se restringindo à análise de materiais e produções gráficas de dissidentes sexuais, há também, em conjunto, um trabalho sendo realizado no próprio corpo do pesquisador por meio da produção inventiva de uma nova maneira de experimentar sua sexualidade e seu gênero a partir de dois eixos principais: experimentações no limiar ente arte e vida realizadas no Rio de Janeiro em conjunto com a artista Anais-karenin, que redimensionaram corporalidades possíveis e fizeram nascer uma nova expressão não-binária de sexo/gênero; e os trabalhos de escrita, combinando a produção de um diário de campo de minhas experimentações com a hormonização “feminilizante” e com os usos das camadas de tecidos, proposição de Anais-karenin, a uma produção poética, culminantes no livreto intitulado “Canteiro”, que não só é um fragmento espalhado nesse trabalho, mas o próprio trabalho de pesquisa, de forma que estudar fanzines sem produzi-los seria confirmar lógicas de pesquisa distanciadas que para mim não interessam. Sobretudo, meu corpo é um fanzine (uma colagem, uma mescla de referências heterogêneas); evidencio um corpo-zine

Ce mémoire d'HDR met en perspective les recherches que nous avons conduites en Sciences de l'information et de la communication (SIC) au cours des douze dernières années. Partie d'une problématique pratique d'accès à l'information spécialisée dans le cadre de la veille scientifique et technologique, nous avons été amenée peu à peu à interroger les fondements mêmes de la discipline, ses concepts fondamentaux et les paradigmes qui la traversent. Les quatre premiers chapitres reviennent sur le chemin parcouru par les SIC depuis leurs origines (1972) jusqu'à présent. Les cinq chapitres suivants mettent en perspective les axes de recherche que nous avons développés dont l'exploration de corpus scientifiques et techniques forme le noyau. Cet axe de travail a conduit à la mise au point d'un dispositif technique d'analyse des publications permettant de générer une cartographie thématique des principales tendances observées dans le corpus. Un deuxième axe, conçu dans le prolongement du premier, porte sur l'analyse discursive des textes scientifiques pour la caractérisation des marques d'énonciation des auteurs. Cet axe de recherche trouve ses racines dans la théorie des facettes développée dans le milieu documentaire par Ranganathan en 1933. Le troisième axe porte sur une analyse du paradigme orienté-système qui domine actuellement les recherches en recherche d'information. Nous revenons sur les modalités d'évaluation des systèmes de recherche d'information et sur leur réelle l'utilité pour de vrais usagers. Un quatrième axe portant sur les usages des TIC (Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication) étudie les ressorts du concept de " bibliothèques participatives " (participatory libraries) outre-Atlantique. Les thèmes abordés dans les chapitres précédents permettent de dégager les perspectives d'avenir.

Au cours de ce travail, nous avons proposé une caractérisation "multi-échelle" des matériaux mous à travers des montages originaux permettant la mesure simultanée des quantités macroscopiques et microscopiques. Dans une première partie de nos travaux, nous avons associé une méthode optique introduite récemment, la diffusion multiple de la lumière résolue spatialement (PCI-DWS), avec une sollicitation thermique, afin de suivre l’évolution de la microstructure d’échantillons à base de corps gras lors d’une rampe de température. Ces expériences ont permis d’identifier des transitions de phase par PCI-DWS et de les localiser spatialement dans des échantillons hétérogènes.Dans une deuxième série d’expériences, la même méthode optique a été couplée à des essais mécaniques réalisés avec une machine de traction commerciale. Pour des éprouvettes de polymère semi-cristallin, nous avons mesuré la déformation de l’éprouvette par PCI-DWS, sans avoir recours à des marqueurs de surface, contrairement aux méthodes d’imagerie couramment utilisées. Pour le même polymère, nous avons suivi la dynamique microscopique lors d’essais de traction dans les deux régimes, élastique et plastique. Nous avons montré que la dynamique microscopique et la relaxation de la contrainte lors de tests de traction à déformation imposée sont liées par une relation étonnement simple, que nous avons pu modéliser. Dans une dernière partie de la thèse, nous avons conçu et réalisé un prototype d’instrument permettant de mesurer simultanément la dynamique microscopique, la force et le déplacement lors d’essais de traction sur des élastomères. Grâce à cet instrument, nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’existence de précurseurs dynamiques microscopiques qui précèdent de milliers de secondes l’apparition de signes macroscopiques de la défaillance du matériau
In this thesis, we introduce a "multi-scale" characterization of soft matter based on novel setups that couple macroscopic measurements (temperature, force, deformation) to measurements of the microscopic dynamics. In a first series of experiments, we use a recently introduced optical method, space-resolved diffusion wave spectroscopy (PCI-DWS), to follow the microscopic dynamics of fat materials during a temperature ramp. This allows us to detect phase transitions and to localize them in space for heterogeneous samples. In a second series of experiments, the same optical method is coupled to mechanical measurements performed on a commercial universal traction machine. For a semi-crystalline polymer, we measure by PCI-DWS the mesoscopic deformation field under tension, with no need to pre-treat the sample surface as in conventional imaging methods. For the same polymer, we measure the microscopic dynamics during tensile stress relaxation tests, both in the linear and non-linear regime. We find a remarkably simple relationship between the microscopic dynamics and the macroscopic stress relaxation, and propose a simple model to rationalize it. In the last part of the thesis, we have designed and implemented a setup prototype to measure simultaneously the microscopic dynamics (by PCI-DWS), the force and the deformation during tensile tests on elastomers. Thanks to this apparatus, we unveil dynamic precursors preceding by thousands of seconds anymicroscopic sign of the incipient material failure

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Capes
Para países de grande extensão territorial, como o Brasil, é indispensável a utilização de novas tecnologias que auxiliem no mapeamento, no monitoramento e na atualização do seu território. Quando se tem uma cartografia desatualizada, aplicações para diversos fins ficam prejudicadas, pois não se tem a fidelidade espacial desejada. A partir da necessidade de trabalhar com um corpo d’água, o reservatório de Itaparica, localizado entre os estados de Pernambuco e Bahia, surgiu a proposta dessa pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar a atualização cartográfica de corpos d’água usando processamento de imagem de sensoriamento remoto. A informação vetorial do contorno era necessária e para extraí-la foi analisada a carta topográfica, Folha Airi, SC.24-X-A-V, MI 1443 (1:100000) e a carta imagem de RADAR, Belém do São Francisco, SC.24-X-A (1:250000). Ao analisar os produtos cartográficos, observou-se a falta de informações nas cartas e com isso as bases cartográficas não estavam em conformidade com o que era necessário para o projeto. Neste caso, procurou-se automatizar a obtenção desses corpos d’água através de técnicas de processamento digital de imagens, como a fusão de imagens IHS e classificação não supervisionada k-médias, para tornar mais geral a obtenção, segmentação das bordas e posterior vetorização. O contorno do reservatório foi extraído utilizando imagens dos sensores remotos, OLI/Landsat 8 e dos sensores MUX, PAN e IRS, a bordo do CBERS-4. A resolução temporal e espacial dos sensores bem como a sua disponibilidade de aquisição de maneira gratuita, foram os principais motivos que levaram a escolha desses imageadores. Após realizadas diversas extrações do contorno do corpo d’água, através da fusão de imagens e da classificação não supervisionada, todos os resultados obtidos foram consistentes e adequados a realidade do reservatório. A utilização de imagens de sensoriamento remoto para a atualização cartográfica torna esta atividade mais rápida e econômica, devido a grande disponibilidade de sensores acessíveis gratuitamente. Através dos procedimentos realizados foi possível identificar novos geo-objetos que devem ser incorporados às cartas e outros que já não existem mais, e devem ser removidos.
For countries with large territorial extension, as Brazil is essential the use of new technologies to assist in the mapping, monitoring and territorial update. When you have an outdated cartographic basis, applications for various purposes are affected, because does not have the desired spatial fidelity. From the need to work with a body of water, the Itaparica reservoir, located between in Pernambuco and Bahia states, proposed this research was to analyze the cartographic updating of water bodies using remote sensing image processing. The contour information was needed and to extract it was analyzed the topographic map, Airi Leaf, SC.24- XAV, MI in 1443 (1:100000) and the letter image of RADAR, Belém de São Francisco, SC.24- XA (1: 250000). By analyzed the cartographic products, there lack of information was observed on the cards and were not in conformity with what was required for the project. In this case, we to automate these water bodies through digital image processing techniques such as fusion IHS images and unsupervised classification from k-means, to automatic obtained, boundary segmentation and after vector. The outline of the reservoir was extracted using images from remote sensors, OLI/Landsat 8 and MUX, PAN and IRS sensors aboard the CBERS-4. The temporal and spatial resolution of the sensors and the availability of free, were the main reasons that led to the choice of these imagers. After many body contouring extraction, by the fusion of images and unsupervised classification k-means, all results were consistent and appropriate the reality of the reservoir. The application of remote sensing image processing to cartographic updating makes this activity quickly and economical just because the several availability of free accesses sensors. Through the procedures carried out it was possible to identify new geo-objects that should be added to the letters and others that no longer exist, and must be removed.

Nous narrons la toponymie de Beyrouth, considérée comme partie intégrante de l’idéologie du corps politique du Liban, installé à Beyrouth depuis 1920. Nous commençons par une réflexion sur les rapports entre centre politique, ses principes fondateurs, et toponymie: l’inscription toponymique est l’insertion ultime du politique dans l’aménagement. La toponymie beyrouthine inscrit le Grand-Liban (1920), et la Constitution libanaise (1926), sur les cartes. Elle inscrit le confessionnalisme politique résultant du Pacte national (1943) et ses symboles « sacrés », ainsi qu’une présence confirmée des « Orient » et « Occident » et un récit national libanais partiellement réinventé et présenté « en continuité ». Elle présente les signes d’une continuité urbaine visible. Nous mettons l’exemple beyrouthin en perspective avec ceux de Damas et de Dubaï : le premier est « réécrit » avec l’avènement du Baath en 1963 et présente une rupture toponymique avec le passé syrien pré-baathiste, ainsi qu’une présence triomphaliste du panarabisme; et le deuxième inventé afin de donner une profondeur historique à la carte de l’émirat et une dimension commerciale à ses noms des lieux. L’étude des inscriptions toponymiques, en parallèle avec les principes fondateurs du centre politique, permet d’approfondir la connaissance des systèmes politiques, leurs idéologies, et leurs politique d’urbanisme
I narrate toponymy of Beirut, considered as a revelator and a marker of the Lebanese body politic, constructed in Beirut since 1920. This memoir begins by reflecting on the rapports between the centre politic (capital city or seat of government), its founding principles, and toponymy : the toponyme is the ultimate insertion of the political in everyday’s banality. Beiruti toponymy writes the Grand-Liban (1920), the Lebanese Constitution (1926), on the city’s maps. Also it inscribes political confessionalism, resulting of the Lebanese National Pact (1943) and its sacred symbols, thus a confirmed presence of « East » and « West » and a Lebanese national narrative partially re-invented and presented as a « continuum ». It also presents signs of a visible continuity of the local elite. We put the Beiruti example in perspective with those of Damascus and of Dubai : the Damascene one is « re-written » by the Baath rule since 1963 and presents a toponymic rupture with the Syrian pre-baathist past but a confirmed presence of pan-Arabism; the Dubaian one is invented in order to give a historical depth to the map of Dubai and a commercial dimension to its place names. Study of toponyms, in parallel with that of founding principles of the centre, can inform political systems, their ideological background, and their urban policy

The first French military engineers in the American colonies between 1635 and 1670 did not belong to a professional corps, being officers with expertise to do military land-surveying and construct emergency defences. Between 1670 and 1691 engineers were under the discipline of Vauban who chose them for missions in Canada or the French Antilles. After 1691, until 1776, they were all ingénieurs du roi. They ranged across citadel and fort construction, cartography and town planning (especially in Louisiana and Saint Domingue).They promoted the urban grid plan, as well as harbours and road construction. With incorporation in a royal Genie corps in 1776 they became much more strictly military.

Mythographic texts in the imperial age treat space as discontinuous. This is contrary to our modern idea of space, which is tied intimately to cartographical norms. In modern maps, each geographical entity is situated relative to others, obeys calculations of breadth and length, and respects proportionality rules. The space maps depict is full and continuous, standardized and precisely referenced. Space in imperial mythographic texts obeys other standards: it is a series of backdrops, made up of panels, each isolated from the next; space exists primarily to accommodate the deeds of heroes. Mythographic paragraphs chart an autonomous space which floats in a void, undefined by relationships to other enunciative spaces. Toponyms are used as cultural clusters around which a series of references are organized. Space in these texts is a cultural repertoire, emblematic of paideia, a common corpus of names, a shared landscape, before it is a geographical entity.

Based on the quantitative and qualitative study of 11 syntactically parsed texts (485,767 words) from the Tycho Brahe Parsed Corpus of Historical Portuguese, this chapter argues that Classical Portuguese, i.e. the language instantiated in texts written in Portugal by authors born in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, is a V2 language of the kind that Wolfe calls ‘relaxed V2 languages’. These are languages in which V1 and V3 sentences coexist with V2 patterns. To account for the sentential patterns observed and their interpretation, a new cartographic analysis of the left periphery is proposed. The existence of sentences in which quantified objects precede fronted subjects suggests that there are two distinct positions in the CP layer to which preverbal phrases can move. The higher one is the familiar Focus category. It is argued that the lower one is neuter with respect to the topic/focus dichotomy and merely encodes a contrast feature. Other constituents can be adjoined at the higher portion of the left periphery where they are interpreted as topics or frames. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of textually diversified corpora as the basis of historical syntactic studies.

The epilogue tracks the evolution of naval science and its relationship to the broader scientific world into the Twentieth and Twenty-First centuries with attention to the growing strategic role of cartography, oceanography, and marine science within the Cold War national security state, the emergence of submarine warfare, and the militarization of science in weaponizing nature itself. The epilogue argues that while science became even more central to strategic discourse and naval warfare more generally, it continued to have a fraught place within the Navy’s ranks and its significance was not continuously appreciated among naval leaders even as the U.S. Marine Corps in the interwar period placed strategic knowledge of the natural world at the foundation of its emerging amphibious assault doctrine. Finally, the epilogue makes some general claims about the significance of the marine environment to naval affairs in the present day by linking the Navy’s strategic visions to a marine environment made more violent and dynamic by the influence of climate change as well as the renewed importance of hydrographers historic methods and data as baselines from which to understand the degree of change in the world’s oceans.

Planimetric maps, views and three-dimensional representations for the fortification of two western Mediterranean islands: Elba and Palmaria (nineteenth century)The French expansion and domination in Italy between the Revolutionary Age and the Empire based on a widespread activity of territorial knowledge, which rested in the Corps of Engineers-Geographers and in the Military Genius the main actors. The paper summarizes the results of long research on this activity, carried out in the islands of Elba (Tuscany) and Palmaria (Liguria): two strategic islands in the western Mediterranean. The need to equip the territories dominated by the French with increasingly functional defenses, gave a strong impulse to the renewal of surveying and cartography, with the use of geodetic projections, views and three-dimensional models. Elba example is significant for the complete triangulation of the island connected to the Corsica one (with part of Sardinia and the smaller islands of the Tuscan archipelago). Geographer engineers such as Tranchot, Simonel, Moynet, Puissant worked on these activities and produced some maps and a small model of part of Elba. In the Palmaria example the three-dimensional reproduction (plan-relief) was contextual to the work of Genius engineers who produced a vast and organic corpus of maps of various scales, views, sketches and watercolors, suitable to represent the most complete visualization of the landscapes where to insert defensive buildings. The collaboration between French and Italian engineers took advantage of this first experience in designing some batteries. However, it was the post-Napoleonic decades that made Palmaria island a powerful “fortress island” to defend the entrance to the Gulf of La Spezia, where the military arsenal (commissioned by Cavour and built by Domenico Chiodo) arose.