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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cartographic information'
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Mayo, Timothy Robert. "Intelligent systems for cartographic data capture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357566.
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Richard, Gina Dawn. "Radical Cartographies: Relational Epistemologies and Principles for Successful Indigenous Cartographic Praxis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578886.
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Indigenous cartography is based on a relational epistemology that works within a system where "place" and "ways of knowing" are intimately tied to Native communities' notions of kinship, oral tradition, and traditional ecological knowledge acquired over the millennia. It brings to life a place where mapping and geography cease to be simply Cartesian coordinates on a Euclidean plane and instead become storied landscapes. Indigenous cartography can be described as "radical" because it represents a departure from traditional Western ways of mapping and affirms an Indigenous political, economic and cultural sovereignty. As an intensely political act, Indigenous cartography can be an important tool used by Indigenous people to assert sovereignty in a bottom-up approach to land claims, in the management of cultural resources, and even to claim human remains for repatriation and reburial. If Indigenous groups wish to successfully utilize geospatial technologies as legal strategies, it will first require the development of the necessary infrastructure and training of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) specialists from within. In much the same way that colonial practices of the past worked to achieve hegemony through the making of political and cultural boundaries, Indigenous cartography can work to dismantle these same colonial boundaries. A theory and methodology of Indigenous cartographic praxis is in use among some First Nations in British Columbia. However no "best practices" yet exist for the Indigenous use-and-mapping discipline. Consequently in the United States, Indigenous mapping is still considered an emerging approach. Therefore, can American Indian political and cultural sovereignty be supported by the implementation of Indigenous geospatial technologies? This dissertation will examine the British Columbian model and distill principles that can be successfully implemented by U. S. Native American communities who wish to develop capacity for this emerging geospatial technology based on the success of the First Nations model.
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Batsos, Epameinondas, and Atta Rabbi. "Clustering and cartographic simplification of point data set." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-79892.
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Edmonds, Alan Kirk. "A framework for formal specification of the cartographic user interface." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39271704.html.
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Rybaczuk, Krysia. "Error processes in the integration of digital cartographic data in geographic information systems." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6210/.
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Errors within a Geographic Information System (GIS) arise from several factors. In the first instance receiving data from a variety of different sources results in a degree of incompatibility between such information. Secondly, the very processes used to acquire the information into the GIS may in fact degrade the quality of the data. If geometric overlay (the very raison d'etre of many GISs) is to be performed, such inconsistencies need to be carefully examined and dealt with. A variety of techniques exist for the user to eliminate such problems, but all of these tend to rely on the geometry of the information, rather than on its meaning or nature. This thesis explores the introduction of error into GISs and the consequences this has for any subsequent data analysis. Techniques for error removal at the overlay stage are also examined and improved solutions are offered. Furthermore, the thesis also looks at the role of the data model and the potential detrimental effects this can have, in forcing the data to be organised into a pre-defined structure.
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Papšys, Kęstutis. "Methodology of development of cartographic information system for evaluation of risk of extreme events." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130220_160846-94374.
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The thesis describes the methodology of evaluation of extreme events and development of cartographic information system for this purpose. Existing complex risk assessment systems in the world are analysed highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Author proposes original integrated risk assessment methodology based on integration of information from different geographic data sources. A cartographic information system designed by the author allows for the assessment of extreme events threats and risks. The developed methodology includes methodology of cartographic information system component development and deployment. The work describes necessary extreme events data, methods of their collection and database design principles. The created model enables the user to collect the data on extreme hazard events and to aggregate several threats into a single synthetic threat. The concepts of risks and threats and risk assessment methodology are explained. The author introduces project of an information system operating in the Lithuanian Geographic Information Infrastructure and integrated in the Lithuania spatial information portal. The system is tested with several consistent spatial data sets for Lithuania. The thesis presents experimental results that show increased geological and meteorological risk areas in Lithuania. Finally, methodological and practical conclusions about the methods and system customization, reliability and compliance with standards are presented.Disertacijoje aprašoma ekstremalių įvykių vertinimo kartografinės informacinės sistemos kūrimo metodologija. Analizuojamos pasaulyje egzistuojančios kompleksinės rizikos vertinimo sistemos išryškinami jų trūkumai ir privalumai. Atliktos analizės pagrindu sukuriama originali daugeliu duomenų šaltinių pagrįsta kompleksinio rizikos vertinimo metodologija ir aprašoma autoriaus suprojektuota informacinė sistema leidžianti vertinti ekstremalių įvykių grėsmes ir riziką. Sukurta metodologija apima kartografinės informacinės sistemos sudedamųjų dalių kūrimo ir diegimo metodiką. Aprašomi sistemos veikimui reikiamų duomenų tipai, jų surinkimas, ekstremalių įvykių duomenų bazės kaupimo principai, sukuriamas ekstremalių įvykių grėsmių skaičiavimo ir kelių grėsmių apjungimo į vieną sintetinę grėsmę modelis. Aprašomas rizikos ir grėsmės santykis ir rizikos vertinimo metodologija. Disertacijoje taip pat pateikiama visos sistemos, veikiančios Lietuvos geografinės informacijos infrastruktūroje, ir integruotos Lietuvos erdvinės informacijos portale projektas. Sistema išbandyta su Lietuvoje pasiekiamais ir realiai egzistuojančiais erdvinių duomenų rinkiniais. Pateikiami eksperimento metu gauti rezultatai, rodantys padidintų geologinių ir meteorologinių rizikos rajonus Lietuvoje. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos metodologinės ir praktinės išvados apie metodų ir sistemos pritaikymą, patikimumą ir atitikimą standartams.
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De, Klerk Jeanne Louise. "Cartographic GIS standards adopted by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry : a case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17480.
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Includes bibliographies.The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) acquired a Geographic Information System (GIS) in 1987. The purpose of acquiring such a system was to aid the department in implementing their water resource management strategy of that time. On acquiring this system it was well recognised that the GIS would need to communicate geo-referenced information, generated by analysis and modelling to decision makers by means of graphic representations or maps (Olivier et al., 1990: 14 73). Towards the end of 1990 it became apparent that the department needed to standardise cartographic output of this system. Maps on the same theme, which were produced at different sites were not comparable and graphic communication was not effective. A consultant was appointed, who, in conjunction with the departmental digital cartographer, established criteria and standards which were flexible enough to accommodate mapping on a wide variety of themes. These standards were implemented, to a limited extent in July 1994. Standards were set for map encoding, map content and map composition. This report investigates how effective these standards have been. The effectiveness of these standards have been measured in terms of the five recognised cartographic design principles that have been identified by Robinson et al. (1984), Wood (1992) and Dent (1990). These include the clarity and legibility of maps, the distinction between figure and ground, the hierarchical organisation of mapped information, the visual contrast of marks on maps and the visual balance or layout of the finished map. A sample of maps made after the implementation of cartographic standards at the department was compared to a sample of comparable maps made prior to the implementation of these standards. In a large organisation like the department the success of such standards do not depend on the standards alone but also on their implementation. Implementation related problems were identified by comparing standardised maps with the standards. The outcome of the investigation proved that the effectiveness of graphic communication had indeed improved albeit to a varying degree. In most cases the standards were adequate and the main problems actually lay with their implementation. Recommendations on the implementation and the few aspects of the standards that require amendment have been included in this report.
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Meneguette, Arlete Aparecida Correia. "Cartographic accuracy and information content of space imagery for digital map compilation and map revision." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295491.
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Fabbri, Michael Charles. "Working towards a cartographic lexicon, the role of units, structure, content, and expression in geographic information." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ53265.pdf.
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Seo, Young-Woo. "Augmenting Cartographic Resources and Assessing Roadway State for Vehicle Navigation." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/207.
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Maps are important for both human and robot navigation. Given a route, drivingassistance systems consult maps to guide human drivers to their destinations. Similarly, topological maps of a road network provide a robotic vehicle with information about where it can drive and what driving behaviors it should use. By providing the necessary information about the driving environment, maps simplify both manual and autonomous driving.
The majority of existing cartographic databases are built, using manual surveys and operator interactions, to primarily assist human navigation. Hence, the resolution of existing maps is insufficient for use in robotics applications. Also, the coverage of these maps fails to extend to places where robotics applications require detailed geometric information.
To augment the resolution and coverage of existing maps, this thesis investigates computer vision algorithms to automatically build lane-level detailed maps of highways and parking lots by analyzing publicly available cartographic resources, such as orthoimagery.
Our map-building methods recognize image patterns and objects that are tightly coupled with the structure of the underlying road network by 1) identifying, without human intervention, locally consistent image cues and 2) linking them based on the obtained local evidence and prior information about roadways. We demonstrate the accuracy of our bootstrapping approach in building lane-level detailed roadwaymaps through experiments.
Due to expected abnormal events on highways such as roadwork, the geometry and traffic rules of highways that appear on maps can occasionally change. This thesis also addresses the problem of updating the resulting maps with temporary changes by analyzing perspective imagery acquired from a vision sensor installed on a vehicle.
To robustly recognize highway work zones, our sign recognizer focuses on handling variations of signs’ colors and shapes. Sign recognition errors, which are inevitable, can cause our system to misread temporary highway changes. To handle potential errors, our method utilizes the temporal redundancy of sign occurrences and their corresponding classification decisions. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach highway workzone recognition through testing with video data recorded under various weather conditions.
Two major results of this thesis work are 1) algorithms that analyze orthoimages to produce lane-level detailed maps of highways and parking lots and 2) on-vehicle computer vision algorithms that are able to recognize temporary changes on highways. Our maps can provide detailed information about a route, in advance, to either a human driver or a self-driving vehicle. While driving on highways, our roadway-assessing algorithms enable the vehicle to update the resulting maps with temporary changes to the route.
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Dunkars, Mats. "Multiple representation databases for topographic information." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-80.
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Niane, Mamadou 1961. "ARCVIEW tutorial and database development based on a Senegalese local community cartographic model: Ross-Bethio rural community." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278624.
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Through this work a database and an ARCVIEW tutorial based on a Senegalese local community cartographic model is developed. The Ross-Bethio rural community model was selected as an example of solving methodological problems in natural resources management at the scale of a rural local community. The tutorial developed will also support Geographic Information Systems Instruction for natural resources management in Senegal using a local known database model. The process of solving the problems identified are based mostly on natural resources management concerns of the local community council and will help users to learn and understand the use of ARCVIEW GIS for spatial analysis. A solution is provided that will help the instructors to evaluate their results with these in this study. However, the tutorial is not a self-taught one for ARCVIEW GIS, but an instructional supervised one.
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Karam, Roula. "Multi-providers location based services for mobile-tourism : a use case for location and cartographic integrations on mobile devices." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694476.
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Les services géolocalisés (LBS) sont destinés à délivrer de l'information adéquate aux utilisateurs quelque soit le temps et l'endroit et ceci en se basant sur leur profil, contexte et position géographique. A travers n'importe quelle application dans ce domaine, par exemple m-tourisme, les utilisateurs souhaitent toujours recevoir une réponse rapide et précise en se déplaçant. Cependant, la qualité de service proposée par les fournisseurs cartographiques actuels (i.e. Google Maps, Bing, Yahoo Maps, Mappy ou Via Michelin) dépend de leurs données géographiques. En général, ces données sont stockées de plusieurs bases de données géographiques (BDG) dans le monde entier. D'autre part, le nombre croissant des différentes BDG couvrant la même zone géographique et la récupération des données/métadonnées non erronées pour un service quelconque, impliquent de nombreux raisonnements et de contrôles d'accès aux BDG afin de résoudre les ambiguïtés dues à la présence des objets homologues dupliqués sur l'écran mobile. Mon travail consiste à permettre cette intégration cartographique pour les applications mtourisme et ceci en récupérant les informations spatiales/non-spatiales (noms, positions géographiques, catégorie du service, détails sémantiques et symboles cartographiques) de plusieurs fournisseurs. Cependant, ceci peut conduire à visualiser des objets dupliqués pour le même point d'intérêt et causer des difficultés au niveau de la gestion des données. En outre, l'utilisateur sera dérouté par la présence de résultats multiples pour un même point. Donc, mon but ultime sera de générer automatiquement une carte unique intégrant plusieurs interfaces des fournisseurs sur laquelle les objets homologues seront intégrés avant de les visualiser sur l'écran mobile. Nos nouveaux concepts, basés sur certains algorithmes de fusion, sur l'ontologie pour assurer l'intégration au niveau sémantique et cartographique, sur l'orchestration des géo web services, sont implémentés dans des prototypes modulaires et évalués.
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Mousir-Harrison, Stuart N. "The application of image registration and geographic information systems in the comparison of historical and recent cartographic data : a case study of woodland change in Furness (1786-1964)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389940.
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Olsson, Mattias. "Informationsvisualisering för evakueringssituationer : En studie om hur information kan visualiseras, anpassas och distribueras vid krissituationer genom kartor." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67450.
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Det är vanligt att svenska medborgare inte känner till vad som bör göras i en krissituation. Om en krissituation drabbar samhället är det mycket viktigt att information finns snabbt tillgänglig. Allmänheten behöver veta vad som bör göras om man själv eller någon annan befinner sig i en sådan allvarlig situation så att rätta åtgärder kan utföras. Detta arbete kommer att inleda en utvecklingsprocess för att ta fram designprinciper för kartor anpassade för krissituationer. Designprinciperna testas genom en prototyp för presentation. Designprinciperna grundar sig på teori av informationsvisualisering, kriskommunikation och kartografisk design samt lärdomar från fallstudier utav Oroville samt Bodens kommuns utvecklingsarbete för krishantering. Designprinciperna fungerar som hjälpande riktlinjer och ger ett grundande underlag för framtagning av kartor anpassade för kris- och evakueringssituationer. Principerna kan byggas vidare på för att ta hänsyn till fler aspekter och ge förbättrad vägledning för designprocessen.It’s common among Swedish citizen not to know what to do if they find themselves in an emergency situation. If an emergency would happen upon our society it’s crucial to find information as soon as possible. Citizen need to know the proper actions to keep themselves and others safe, else they might hurt themselves or even others. This report will conduct a development process to create principles fordesigning geographical maps adjusted for emergency situations. The design principles are founded on theory of information visualization, crisis communication, cartographic design and interaction design. In addition with lessons from case studies from the Oroville dam and the municipality of Boden, Sweden, development to improve their crisis preparation. With this foundation a prototype is presented for testing uses and defining conclusions. The design principles developed functions as helping guidelines which gives a foundation for production of maps designed for crisis and evacuation situations. With further development the principles can be improved to consider additional relevant aspects and improve guidelines for the design process.
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Courtot, Katherine. "Information cartographique, carroyages et systèmes informatiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10029.
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Cirolini, Angélica. "ATLAS ELETRÔNICO E SOCIOECONÔMICO SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA CARTOGRAFIA ESCOLAR NO MUNICÍPIO DE RESTINGA SÊCA, RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9278.
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In the education of Geography, the School Cartography is of basic importance, therefore the people, when she/he
are alphabetized cartographyly, he/she has the capacity to interpret maps, images and other geographic
representations. In this way, the didatic materials foreseen by the pedagogical conceptions are elaborated in
analogical electronic digital means to subsidize the understanding of the local space. The Municipal Electronic
Atlas come with a proposal innovative, therefore they motivate and invite learners and teachers to the practice of relating the space representations and also of providing the study of the lived space, sometimes building it, sometimes not building it through the observation of the socio-ambient elements, making with that the people
wakes up bigger interest for the study of the geographic space. Inside this preamble, the present research has as
main purpose to approach the importance of the study of the local space in the perspective of school cartography,
in this case, Restinga Sêca county of RS through the elaboration of these atlases. The Atlas considered, in its
conception, it possesses partial interaction with the user and it presents resources of multimedia with texts,
images and animation. It allows to the student or user the manipulation of a set of maps, with the possibility to
select the socio-economic subject or subjects that they desire to visualize, being able to combine predefined
subjects and to configure a map. In this study, it structuralized itself of according to the municipal approach considering whole area of the county and, in specific the urban area, it chose twelve groups of socio-economics variables for the elaboration of the urban thematic maps, in both approaches was considered as space unit the census sector. Methodologily, it was followed the proposal of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for the definition of the variables according to Demographic Census 2000. In this way, a resource to verify if the map is fulfilling its function of communicator is the elaboration and application of tests with the users to verify the acceptability of it, in order to validate it as map pertaining to the Eletronic Atlas. The pilot test of these maps consist of many tests of isolated maps or of sets with the intention to become legitimate the maps that compose the Eletronic Socio-Economic of Restinga Sêca and to verify the learning easiness. The pilot test should be applied as a test to the public target: detainer and user of these Atlas. In this direction, it chose the five serie of high school due to be the period of training that the child starts the study of the cartography and studies of Restinga Sêca county. As results, it was observed that the rightness indices of peoples had been over of 60% practically at all the modules. In some cases, the index of rightnesss of people was low and the maps had been reworked and adapted for a better understanding. This facilitates the learning. Many maps had taken care of the goals and it was not necessary great alterations for their use. Ahead of the results, it considered the Atlas a didactic material and a resource of learning in digital means propitious digital for the use at school environment for the study of this county.No ensino da Geografia, a Cartografia Escolar é de fundamental importância, pois o aluno, quando alfabetizado cartograficamente, tem a capacidade de interpretar mapas, imagens e outras representações geográficas. Desse modo, os materiais didáticos previstos pelas concepções pedagógicas são elaborados em meio analógico, eletrônico e digital para subsidiar a compreensão do espaço local. Os Atlas Eletrônicos Municipais vêm com uma proposta inovadora, pois motivam e convidam os discentes e docentes à prática de relacionar as representações espaciais e, também, oportunizam o estudo do espaço vivido, ora construindo-o, ora desconstruindo-o através da observação dos elementos socioambientais, fazendo com que o aluno desperte maior interesse pelo estudo do espaço geográfico. Dentro deste preâmbulo, a presente pesquisa tem como finalidade precípua abordar a importância do estudo do espaço local na perspectiva da cartografia escolar, neste caso o município de Restinga Sêca, RS, através da elaboração deste Atlas. O Atlas proposto, em sua concepção, possui interação parcial com o usuário e apresenta recursos de multimídia com textos, imagens e animações. Permite ao aluno ou usuário a manipulação de um conjunto de mapas, com a possibilidade de selecionar o tema ou os temas socioeconômicos que deseja visualizar, podendo combinar temas pré-definidos e configurar um mapa. Este estudo estruturou-se a partir de uma abordagem municipal e considerou-se toda área do Município e, em específico a área urbana, selecionou-se doze grupos de variáveis socioeconômicas para a elaboração dos mapas temáticos urbanos. Em ambas abordagens, considerou-se como unidade espacial o setor censitário. Metodologicamente, seguiu-se a proposta do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística para a definição das variáveis conforme o Censo Demográfico 2000. Desta maneira, um recurso para verificar se o mapa está cumprindo sua função de comunicador é a elaboração e aplicação de testes com os usuários para verificar a aceitabilidade dele, a fim de validá-lo como mapa pertencente ao Atlas Eletrônico. O teste piloto destes mapas consiste de muitos testes de mapas isolados ou em conjuntos com o intuito de tornar legítimos os mapas que compõem o Atlas Eletrônico e Socioeconômico de Restinga Sêca e verificar a facilidade de aprendizagem. O teste piloto deve ser aplicado como um teste ao público alvo: o detentor e o usuário deste Atlas. Neste sentido, selecionou-se a 5ª série do Ensino Fundamental, devido a ser o estágio em que a criança inicia o estudo da cartografia e estuda o município de Restinga Sêca. Como resultados, observou-se que os índices de acertos dos alunos foram acima de 60% praticamente em todos os módulos. Em alguns casos, o índice de acertos dos alunos foi baixo, e os mapas foram retrabalhados e adaptados para uma melhor compreensão, facilitando o aprendizado. Muitos mapas atenderam ao objetivo e não foram necessárias grandes alterações para a sua utilização. Diante dos resultados, considerou-se o Atlas um material didático e um recurso de aprendizagem em meio digital propício para a utilização no ambiente escolar para o estudo do Município.
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Войцеховський, Я. С., Ірина Володимирівна Баранова, Ирина Владимировна Баранова, and Iryna Volodymyrivna Baranova. "Інформаційна технологія генерації 3D-моделі рельєфу за параметрами кольору пікселів растрового зображення." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64753.
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Модуль тренажеру аналізує вхідне кольорове растрове зображення
(на прикладі фрагменту фізичної карти поверхні), за необхідності дозволяє виконувати операції редагування растру – повороту, масштабування, зсуву тощо.
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Börjesson, Alexandra. "Automatic Generation of Levels of Detail : A Study on the Swedish National Road Database." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254835.
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When creating a map, the amount of data and which geographical information chosen to bepresented are decided based on the purpose of the map. Trafikverket is responsible for theNational Road Database that is a reference road network with a large amount of dataconnected to it. The database is built at a carriageway level where several links can be usedto represent a single road. In this thesis the database has been studied as well as thepossibilities to create an automatic workflow that creates a generalisation to road level. Someapplications and analyses that use this database are requesting input data of a higher level ofdetail. It is also found important from a cartographic point of view. Possibilities to create alinear referencing for the data between the different levels was studied as well, to make theupdates between the levels easier and not having the need to maintain two differentdatabases. It would make it possible to inherit attributes and the generic features connectedto the network.The first fully automated workflow for a generalisation of an entire map was developed in theNetherlands in 2014. Several other agencies in Sweden and Norway are currently working ongeneralisations as well and using different approaches. Statens Vegvesen, which is theNational Road Agency in Norway, has already implemented the different levels of detail intheir road database. Lantmäteriet currently has a project where their goal is to create a fullyautomated map to easily change to a larger scale.After studying the programs used in other generalisations and which programs Trafikverketnormally use, FME and ArcGIS were chosen to be used in this thesis. A small study area waschosen, and the proper data was collected from the National Road Database. The study wasconducted by a set of experiments and trying different parameter values in order to obtain asatisfactory result.Three different areas where studied, where the goal was to find a sequence of functions thatsuccessfully generalised all the areas. The areas were parallel roads, complex intersectionsand roundabouts. The result consists of a suggested workflow, but alterations hade to bemade manually since it was not possible to find a fully automated generalisation for the areachosen. Therefore, a set of functions and tools that could be developed were collected as wellin the end to make a more automated workflow possible.The result found in this thesis show that if the cartographic generalisations are more studiedand examined it should be possible to get a more automated workflow to create ageneralisation between the different level of detail. However, it might be difficult to get theworkflow fully automated due to the complexity of the intersections.När en karta skapas baseras mängden data och vilken geografisk information som skaförmedlas beroende på syftet med kartan. Trafikverket ansvarar för den NationellaVägdatabasen som är ett referensvägnät med en stor mäng data kopplad till vägnätet.Referensvägnätet är byggt på en körbanenivå. I det här arbetet har databasen studerats ochvilka möjligheter som finns för att skapa en automatisk generalisering till vägnivå. Det finnsett behov att representera data på en annan detaljnivå för vissa applikationer och analysersom använder sig av vägdatabasen. Det är även viktigt utifrån ett kartografiskt synsätt.Möjligheterna att skapa en linjär referering mellan de olika detaljnivåerna har undersökts, föratt förenkla uppdateringar mellan nivåerna samt att inte behöva ajourhålla två olikadatabaser. Det skulle även göra det möjligt att attribut och företeelser kan ärvas mellan deolika nivåerna.Det fösta helt automatiserade arbetsflödet för en generalisering av en karta utformades 2014i Nederländerna. Flera andra myndigheter i Sverige och Norge arbetar just nu med den härtypen av generaliseringar och har använt sig av olika tillvägagångssätt. Statens Vegvesen,vilket är den statliga myndighet som ansvarar för vägar i Norge, har redan implementerat olikadetaljnivåer i deras vägdatabas. Lantmäteriet har ett projekt med målet att skapa en fulltautomatisk generalisering för olika skalor.Efter att ha studerat de olika program som vanligtvis används vid generaliseringar samt vilkaprogram som Trafikverket använder sig av så valdes FME och ArcGIS i det här arbetet. Ettmindre studieområde valdes ut och relevant data hämtades från den NationellaVägdatabasen. Studien bestod av olika experiment och tester av olika parametervärden föratt få ett acceptabelt resultat.Tre olika områden studerades, där målet var att hitta en följd operationer som skapade enlämplig generalisering för alla områden. De tre olika områdena var parallella vägar,trafikplatser och cirkulationsplatser. Resultatet består av förslag på ett arbetsflöde, men delarhar behövt göras manuellt då det inte var möjligt att hitta en helt automatiseradgeneralisering för det valda området. Förslag på olika funktioner och verktyg som kanutvecklas har sammanställts, för att kunna utvecklade ett mer automatiserat arbetssätt.Resultatet av det här arbetet visar att om kartografiska generaliseringar studeras och testasmer skulle det kunna vara möjligt att skapa ett mer automatiserat arbetssätt med syfte attmöjliggöra generaliseringar mellan olika detaljnivåer. Det kan däremot vara svårt att få dettahelt automatiserat på grund av de olika komplexa trafikplatserna.
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Reichenbacher, Tumasch. "Mobile cartography : adaptive visualisation of geographic information on mobile devices /." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/UF/lib/MobileCartography.pdf.
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Prunet, Christophe. "Géographie des zones inondables de la Dordogne moyenne : étude méthodologique et cartographique. De la cartographie informative à la cartographie réglementaire." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20085.
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Ce travail est le resultat d'une double demarche de recherche scientifique et de geographie appliquee. Aux exigences de tout travail universitaire, est venue s'ajouter une demande precise de la part des amenageurs de l'administration (dde46, diren midi-pyrenees). Ainsi, l'auteur a elabore une methodologie de cartographie des zones inondables a partir d'une recherche geographique, mais devant faire face a des contraintes visant a produire une cartographie informative diffusee aupres des collectivites locales et des citoyens. Dans les 1e et 2e parties , l'auteur presente la philosophie de travail et la methodologie d'etude. C'est un travail d'etude du modele de la plaine alluviale (analyse systematique des photographies aeriennes validee sur le terrain), completee par la connaissance de l'hydrologie des crues (a l'echelle du bassin-versant et de la vallee alluviale). La 3e partie est consacree a l'application concrete de la methodologie sur un exemple donne: la vallee de la dordogne moyenne, entre beaulieu et cenac, soit 70 km de vallee systematiquement etudies et cartographies. L'auteur expose l'ensemble du travail, debutant par l'etude geographique du bassin-versant, suivi de l'analyse du regime des crues de la dordogne, et concluant par la presentation de la geomorphologie du secteur etudie. La 4e partie presente l'atlas au 1/25000 des zones inondables de la dordogne moyenne, et la transposition de la methode cartographique a l'ensemble de la region midi-pyrenees. Les perspectives d'evolution sont abordees dans le cadre d'une cartographie reglementaire integree a une procedure de gestion du risque (plans de prevention des risques). En conclusion, l'auteur souligne l'utilite de cette recherche de geographie applicable a la gestion des risques, et insiste sur le role du geographe dans le cadre de l'amenagement du territoire.
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Agostinho, Juliano Cesar Pinto. "Gestão municipal com o uso de geotecnologias." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258201.
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Orientador: Diogenes Cortijo CostaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T01:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agostinho_JulianoCesarPinto_M.pdf: 9468284 bytes, checksum: 1fb890c825cef0933e70359a6c567f70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Este trabalho visa apresentar procedimentos para o planejamento e implantação de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SIG Municipal com ênfase na precisão, exatidão, confiabilidade, segurança e interoperabilidade dos dados e informações geográficas. Foram estudadas as metodologias e técnicas para elaboração de uma Base Cartográfica Cadastral Digital com estrutura topológica ajustada às necessidades do software de SIG, bem como sua vinculação com as entidades do mundo real através da elaboração de uma Rede de Referência Cadastral Municipal. A parte prática deste trabalho foi limitada à área urbana e de expansão urbana de um município de pequeno porte, integrando a coleta, tratamento, armazenamento, recuperação e análise dos dados e informações geográficas através dos métodos e técnicas de mapeamento com topografia convencional, uso do sistema de navegação e posicionamento global por satélite (Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS) e uso do SIG. No estudo de caso os dados e informações geográficas foram armazenados em um Sistema Gerenciador de Banco de Dados SGBD Objeto-Relacional com extensão espacial, possibilitando a integração destes dados e toda a exploração do potencial deste sistema. Finalmente foram apresentadas discussões e recomendações sobre temas abordados em geotecnologias
Abstract: This paper has the purpose of presenting procedures for planning and implementing a Municipal Geographic Information System (GIS) with an emphasis on the precision, exactness, reliability, safety, and interoperability of the data and geographical information. The methodologies and techniques for elaborating a Digital Cartographic Base with a topological structure adjusted to the needs of the GIS software as well as its link with the entities of the real world by elaborating a Municipal Geodetic Reference Network. The practical part of this work was limited to the urban area and the urban expansion of a small municipality, integrating it into the colIection, handling, storage, recuperation, and analysis of geographical data and information by the mapping methods and techniques with conventional survey, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and GIS. In the case study, the geographical data and information were stored in an Object-Relational Database Management System (DBMS) with spatial extension, making it possible to integrate this data to alI the exploration of this system's potential. Finally, discussions and recommendations were presented about the issues addressed in geotechnologies
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Boucher, Brigitte. "Un essai d'utilisation d'information écologique à l'aide d'un sig dans une perspective d'aménagement intégré d'un territoire forestier : le cas de Girardville /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Dietrich, Matthias. "Untersuchungen zur Anwendung kartographischer Darstellungen in Infografiken." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88750.
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Zur Unterstützung der inhaltlichen Aussage von Zeitungs- oder Zeitschriftenartikeln wird mitunter auf die Abbildung von thematischem Kartenmaterial gesetzt. Diese Karten stammen zum Teil aus wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen. In der Arbeit wird die Nachnutzung von Karten des Leibniz-Instituts für Länderkunde untersucht. Bei der Verwendung der kartographischen Darstellungen kommt es teilweise zu inhaltlichen oder gestalterischen Änderungen der zur Verfügung gestellten Materialien. In diesem Zusammenhang wird gezielt auf kartographische Infografiken eingegangen, bei denen eine veränderte kartographische Gestaltung der ursprünglichen Karten stattfand. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bilden empirische Untersuchungen, welche feststellen sollen, ob sich die vorgenommenen Veränderungen beeinflussend auf die Wahrnehmung der dargestellten Inhalte auswirken. Zusätzlich werden das typische Nutzungsszenario für thematisch-kartographische Infografiken vorgestellt und Hinweise zur Nachnutzung herausgearbeitetThematic maps are sometimes used to support statements in newspaper or magazine articles. Some of these maps were created in scientific institutions. This diploma thesis examines the reuse of maps of the Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography. When used, the provided materials are changed at times in their content or design. In this context, cartographic information graphics, whose design was changed compared to the original map, are discussed. The main focus lies on empirical studies that are to determine whether these changes influence the perception of the presented content. In addition, the typical usage scenario for thematiccartographic information graphics is presented and instructions for future use are worked out
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Light, Adam. "Design patterns for cartography and data graphics /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3153792.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-97). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Ben, Abbès Sarra. "Construction d'une cartographie de domaine à partir de ressources sémantiques hétérogènes." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_ben_abbes.pdf.
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Ces dernières années, un effort considérable a été accompli pour le partage et la réutilisation des connaissances dans le cadre du Web sémantique. Un nombre important de ressources sémantiques ont été mises à disposition mais cette richesse et cette diversité compliquent la réutilisation de ressources existantes. Avant de chercher à réutiliser des ressources, un ingénieur de la connaissance doit commencer par dresser un état des lieux du domaine qui l'intéresse, identifier les ressources disponibles et les positionner les unes par rapport aux autres. Il lui faut se repérer dans un web foisonnant dont l'hétérogénéité sémantique ne cesse de croître. C'est le défi que cette thèse a cherché à relever. Nous proposons de cartographier le web sémantique sur un domaine particulier et nous avons mis au point une méthode qui permet de construire automatiquement de telles « cartographies de domaine » destinées à des ingénieurs de la connaissance souhaitant prendre connaissance des ressources disponibles pour un domaine particulier. Pour que ces cartographies soient centrées sur leurs centres d'intérêt, les ingénieurs fournissent en entrée un texte représentatif du domaine et de l'application visée, ce texte servant ensuite de pivot à l'ensemble de la méthodologie de construction de la cartographie. Nous avons défini un processus global de construction de cartographies qui se décompose en trois étapes, en supposant résolue l'étape préalable de sélection des ressources sémantiques. Le texte d'acquisition servant de point de départ, la première étape consiste à lier les ressources sélectionnées au texte : c'est une phase d'annotation sémantique qui projette les entités d'ontologies sur le texte afin d'identifier celles qui y sont mentionnées. La deuxième étape permet d'aligner les différentes ressources et ce processus d'alignement est lui-aussi guidé par le texte : les entités de ressources différentes sont rapprochées sur la base de leur proximité distributionnelle dans le texte. La troisième étape permet de détecter et au besoin de corriger les anomalies sur les correspondances obtenues à l'issue de la phase d'alignement ; cette phase permet aussi de détecter et d'afficher les correspondances remarquables qui peuvent aider l'ingénieur à prendre connaissance du matériau existant. Notre méthode d'alignement d'ontologies présente la particularité d'être guidée par le texte. L'alignement consiste classiquement à identifier des relations ou « correspondances » existant entre les entités issues d'ontologies différentes et il est utilisé dans plusieurs applications, comme l'enrichissement d'une ontologie, la fusion de plusieurs ontologies ou, ici, pour aider l'ingénieur de la connaissance à appréhender les ressources disponibles pour un domaine particulier. L'exploitation d'un texte permet de rapprocher des entités ontologiques qui n'ont ni la même étiquette - comme dans les méthodes d'alignement lexical - ni la même position dans les ressources d'origine - comme dans les approches structurelles. Nous proposons de différencier deux types de correspondance selon la nature de la relation existant entre les termes associés : si les termes ou étiquettes tendent à apparaître dans les mêmes phrases nous présumons l'existence d'une relation associative entre eux ; à l'inverse, s'ils se substituent l'un à l'autre, on peut faire l'hypothèse d'une relation d'équivalence. La construction d'une cartographie de domaine se fait à partir des résultats de l'alignement. Cette phase consiste à repérer les anomalies et les correspondances remarquables à présenter à l'ingénieur de la connaissance. Nous faisons en effet l'hypothèse que ces deux types de configurations sont importantes à repérer : les anomalies font apparaître des différences notables dans les choix de conceptualisation sur lesquels reposent les deux ressources alignées ; les configurations remarquables font au contraire ressortir les zones les plus centrales et les plus cohérentes de l'alignement proposé. Repérer et analyser ces configurations doit donc permettre à l'ingénieur de comprendre comment les ressources alignées se positionnent l'une par rapport à l'autre. L'ensemble de cette approche a été implémenté et testé sur différents cas d'usage dans les domaines de la biologie, de la géographie et de l'alimentationIn recent years, a large effort has been devoted to the sharing and reuse of knowledge in the semantic web. A number of semantic resources have been made available significantly but this richness and diversity complicate the reuse of existing resources. Before trying to reuse resources, the knowledge engineer must begin by drawing up an inventory of the domain's interest, identify available resources and put it against each other. He must locate in a "teeming" web where the semantic heterogeneity is growing. This is the challenge that this thesis has sought to address. We propose to map the semantic web on a particular domain and we have developed an automatic method to create such "domain cartographies" for engineers wishing to gain insught in the available resources on a particular domain. In order to have these cartographies suited to their interests, engineers give as an input a text which is representative of the domain and the target application and the text is a pivot to the whole the cartography process. We have defined an overall process of building cartographies that is composed of three steps, assuming resolved the prior selection step of semantic resources. The text acquisition is a starting point, the first step is to link the selected resources to the text : it is a step of semantic resources annotation which projects ontological entities on the text in order to identify those which are mentioned. The second step is to align different resources and the alignment process itself is also based on the text : the entities of different resources are aligned based on their distributional proximity in the text. The third step is to detect and correct the mapping anomalies obtained after the alignment step ; this step can also detect and display the remarkable mappings that can help the engineer to take knowledge of the existing resources. The originality of our ontology alignment method is to use the text. The alignment consists typically on identifying relations or mappings between entities from different ontologies. It is used in several applications, such as the ontology enrichment, the ontology merging or here, to help the knowledge engineer to understand the available resources of a particular domain. Using a text allows closer ontological entities that do not have the same label - as in the lexical alignment methods - or the same position in the original resources - as in structural approaches. We propose to distinguish between two types of mappings with the nature of the relationship between related terms : if the terms or labels tend to appear in the same sentences, we conclude an associative relationship between them ; on the contrary, if they are substituted to each other, we can conclude an equivalence relation. The building cartography process is based on the results of the alignment process. This step consists on identifying anomalies and to present the remarkable mappings to the knowledge engineer. We make the hypothesis that these two types of configurations are important to identify : anomalies show significant differences in the choice of conceptualization represented on the two aligned resources ; remarkable configurations are instead highlighting the most central parts and most consistent of the proposed alignment. Identify and analyze these configurations must allow the engineer to understand how resources are aligned to each other. This overall approach was implemented and tested on different use cases in the biology, geography and food domains
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Tricot, Christophe. "Cartographie sémantique : des connaissances à la carte." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS032.
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Cette étude a débuté avec un constat important: les organisations sont submergées par le nombre toujours croissant d'informations qu'il est nécessaire de maîtriser pour mener à bien leurs activités. En effet, étant obligées de faire face à la mondialisation des flux et des services, les organisations ont découvert de nouveaux besoins et elles ont développé de nouvelles activités : veille stratégique, gestion de l'innovation, capitalisation des savoirs, gestion du capital intellectuel et humain, intelligence économique, etc. Depuis, elles collectent et stockent toujours plus d'informations et leur espace informationnel ne cesse de grandir. Dans ce contexte mondialisé, l'avenir des organisations passe par la maîtrise de leur espace informationnel. La maîtrise d'un espace est une problématique universelle qui préoccupe l'homme depuis son origine. La cartographie résulte de cette problématique ; elle permet de visualiser un espace pour mieux l'appréhender. Chaque carte joue alors le rôle de support externe de la pensée pour amplifier la cognition des personnes qui l'utilisent. L'étude de la cartographie nous a appris que pour construire des cartes à partir de l'espace informationnel des organisations, il est nécessaire de mettre en œuvre des paradigmes de représentation, de visualisation et d'interaction. Cette « recette» est maintenant bien connue et maîtrisée. Cependant elle ne répond que partiellement à nos besoins. En effet, il subsiste deux problématiques à résoudre pour y parvenir: comment proposer une cartographie basée sur la sémantique du domaine ? comment déterminer les paradigmes à mettre en œuvre pour fournir des cartes adaptées à l'utilisateur ? Face à cette double problématique, nous avons défini une nouvelle cartographie capable de construire des cartes adaptées aux besoins des organisations. Nous la nommons « cartographie sémantique ». Elle repose sur nos différentes propositions et sur leurs réalisations. La mise en œuvre de la cartographie sémantique dans le monde des entreprises nous a permis de valider l'ensemble de l'étude mais surtout de s'assurer que la problématique était bien résolueThis study has begun with an important observation : organizations are more and more submerged by information whose management is necessary for their activities. As a matter of fact, the globalization of flows and services has created new needs and then new activities have been developed : strategic intelligence, innovation management, knowledge capitalization, intellectual and human capital management, economic intelligence, etc. Insofar as more and more information are collected, the enterprise's informational space does not stop to increase. In such a context, the future of organizations goes through the control of their informational space. The control of a space is a universal problem which concerns mankind since its origin. Cartography results from this problem. It makes it possible to visualize a space for a better apprehension. Each map plays the role of an external medium for mind in order to amplify the user's cognition. The study of cartography has revealed that building maps from the informational space of organizations requires to carry out paradigms of representation, visualization and interaction. This process is now well known and controlled. However it meets only partially our needs. Indeed, it remains two problems to solve to reach that point: how to take into account the domain's semantics and how to select the different paradigms in order to provide the most suitable maps for users ? Faced with this two-fold problem, we have defined a new cartography paradigm for building maps which fit to the needs of organizations. We have named it "semantic cartography". This new cartography paradigm relies on our different propositions and realizations. Our proposition has been validated through different industrial applications, e. G. Content management systems and competency management systems
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Kannich, Rosene. "Automated selection of topographic base information for thematic maps." Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/544/.
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Thesis (MSc(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2007.MSc(R) thesis submitted to the Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Jonasse, Richard Jacob. "Making sense : geographic technologies, planning, and strategic action /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3013700.
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Brundage, Robert. "Implementing an archival GIS template utilizing ARCMAP GIS software and the personal geodatabase a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of master of science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2006. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/BrundageRobert/index.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2006.The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on February 13, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Sodezza, Guillaume. "Vers un atlas morphogénétique de la vallée du Gier : caractérisation des éléments et structures matériels hérités." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30016.
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Cette thèse est réalisée dans le cadre d'un contrat CIFRE avec l'agence d'urbanisme del'agglomération stéphanoise, Epures.L’ambition de cette recherche est de proposer une méthode « objective » et« systématique » de lecture de l’héritage matériel d'un territoire, ce qui imposed’abandonner tous critères de sélection discriminant : l’ensemble des traces matériellesqui forme cet héritage peut être déduit de l’analyse d’unités minimales et objectives(parcellaire, bâti, réseau viaire) , dont l’apparition, la disparition et la transformation dans letemps peuvent être retracées par l’exploitation de sources spécifiques en particulier descartes anciennes disponibles. D’autres unités, linéaires, ponctuelles ou surfaciquespeuvent être mises en évidence par une confrontation directe avec le terrain.L'analyse a été réalisée sur la partie ligérienne de l'ancienne vallée industrielle du Gier.La méthode met en oeuvre un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG) historique quiautorise l’intégration, la réinterprétation et le croisement d’informations provenant desources variées : sérielles, textuelle, cartographiques ou iconographiques. Cet outil facilitele partage et la mise à jour des données produites.Les résultats obtenus offrent une lecture de l'évolution de la vallée du Gier à l'échelle desunités parcellaires et bâties depuis deux siècles. Ils proposent une nouvelle approche duterritoire et de son évolution qui permet de questionner les politiques patrimoniales oud'aménagement existantes. Etendue à l'ensemble de l'espace stéphanois ou à d'autresterritoires et régulièrement mis à jour, la méthode peut permettre de constituer unobservatoire de leur évolutionThis thesis is carried out within the context of a contract CIFRE with the agency of townplanning of the agglomeration of Saint-Etienne, Epures.The ambition of this research is to propose a method “objective” and “systematic” to readthe material heritage of a territory, which forces to give up all criteria of selectiondiscriminating: the whole of the material traces which forms this heritage can be deducedfrom the analysis of minimal units and objectify (plots, built elements, road network), ofwhich appearance, disappearance and the transformation in time can be recalled by theexploitation of specific sources in particular of the old maps available. Other units, linear,specific or surface can be highlighted by a direct confrontation with the land.The analysis was carried out on the “ligérienne” part of the old industrial valley of Gier.The method implements a Geographical Information system (GIS) historical whichauthorizes integration, the reinterpretation and the crossing of information coming fromvaried sources: serial, textual, cartographic or iconographic. This tool facilitates thedivision and the update of the produced data.The results obtained have offered a reading of the evolution of the valley of Gier on theplot scale for two centuries. They propose a new approach of the territory and its evolutionwhich makes it possible to question the patrimonial policies or of installation existing.Extended to the whole space of the agglomeration of Saint-Etienne or to other territoriesand regularly updated, the method can make it possible to constitute an observatory oftheir evolution
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Lefrère, Laurent. "Contribution au développement d'outils pour l'analyse automatique de documents cartographiques." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES045.
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Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire abordent différents aspects de l'analyse de documents cartographiques, du prétraitement couleur à la reconnaissance de toponymes en passant par l'extraction d'objets géographiques. Le premier chapitre est consacré à la classification couleur. Ce prétraitement permet d'obtenir, à partir d'images de cartes numérisées en cyan, magenta, yellow, les plans couleurs rouge, vert, bleu et noir proches des planches-mères ayant permis l'impression des cartes. L'originalité de la segmentation CMY/TS est sa capacité à reconstruire les objets masqués par les superpositions. Cette classification permet d'apporter une information plus compacte et plus complète aux modules d'extraction subséquents. Le second chapitre présente d'une part, une méthode de caractérisation et d'extraction de zones texturées basée sur une modélisation structurelle et statistique des textures. Cette méthode permet de modéliser conjointement l'aspect macroscopique régulier et structuré des textures ainsi que leur aspect microscopique plus aléatoire. D'autre part, est présenté un module d'extraction des réseaux linéaires et plus particulièrement des réseaux routiers basé sur un suivi de trait particulier contrôlé par un ensemble de mesures statistiques regroupées en un critère dit de Gibbs. Le dernier chapitre présente une stratégie particulière de reconstruction de toponymes à partir d'une méthode originale de reconnaissance de caractères invariante à la translation, à l'homothétie et à la rotation. Ce module permet de plus de reconstituer les limites de parcelles formées de pointillés. Ces différents modules fournissent, à partir des cartes papier existantes, des données structurées et organisées, prêtes à être intégrées dans des systèmes d'information géographique
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Shea, Geoffrey Yu Kai. "A web-based approach to the integration of diverse data sources for GIS /." Sydney : School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, University of New South Wales, 2001. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20011018.170350/index.html.
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Sahr, Kevin Michael. "Discrete global grid systems : a new class of geospatial data structures /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190547.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-115). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Zhang, Jiaqi. "Minimizing Map Distortion Using Oblique Projections." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1512010345986894.
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Pettit, Louise Manda. "An appraisal of the production and utility of digital atlases in Africa: a case study of Swaziland." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005490.
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This research will appraise the production and utility of digital atlases in an African context, using personal experience gained through the production of a digital atlas for Swaziland, the opinions obtained from other producers of African digital atlases and relevant literature. Since the 1950s, decision makers and researchers have viewed information as a powerful contributor to national development. Over the past thirty years, developed countries have increased the efficient collation and dissemination of geographic information through the utilization of the digital environment. The development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has increased the range of applications attainable in digital mapping projects. Applications have ranged from resource inventories to the monitoring of environmental degradation, crime patterns and service provision. The patchy history of data collection, analysis and mapping in Africa, has had a limiting effect on the ability of countries to identify, plan and control their resources efficiently. Despite the desire to automate the mapping process and reap some of the planning benefits evident in the developed world, Africa has not succeeded in mobilising full technological potential. Political instability, poor infrastructure, the absence of national policy guidelines, and a lack of skilled manpower are some of the issues which have limited utilization. Despite many of the hurdles faced by African countries, automated mapping and analysis technologies are still being pursued. The role of computers in the utilisation of data has become apparent through several means, one of which is the digital atlas. Analytical functions in many of these products allow situation modelling and provide superior graphic displays in comparison to their paper counterparts. Several African countries have embarked on the development of national digital databases and in some cases have produced digital national atlases. The potential to improve resource utilization, service provision and land use planning using these atlases, does exist. The production and utility of these atlases in an African context, however, needs closer assessment. "Computers don't clothe, don't cure, don't feed. Their power begins and ends with information. Their usefulness is therefore strictly linked to the ffectiveness of the information" (Gardner,1993:16).
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Cervantes, Danielle. "Using GIS to create an interactive GeoPDF mapbook for the Big Island of Hawaii a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2009. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/CervantesDanielle/index.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2009.The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on March 29, 2010) Includes bibliographical references.
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Royal, Kevin. "Evaluating and comparing digital geospatial publishing tools a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2009. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/RoyalKevin/index.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2009.The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on June 15, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Bush, Loretta J. "Evaluating the accuracy of line thinning algorithms after processing scanned line data." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020324/.
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Yirci, Murat. "Arrangements 2D pour la Cartographie de l’Espace Public et des Transports." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1075/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le développement facilité d'applications de cartographie et de transport, plus particulièrement sur la génération de réseaux piétonniers pour des applications telles que la navigation, le calcul d'itinéraires, l'analyse d'accessibilité et l'urbanisme. Afin d'atteindre ce but, nous proposons un modèle de données à deux couches qui cartographie l'espace public dans une hiérarchie d'objets géospatiaux sémantisés. A bas niveau, la géométrie 2D des objets géospatiaux est représentée par une partition planaire, modélisée par une structure topologique d'arrangement 2D. Cette représentation permet des traitements géométriques efficaces et efficients, ainsi qu'une maintenance et une validation aisée au fur et à mesure des éditions lorsque la géométrie ou la topologie d'un objet sont modifiées. A haut niveau, les aspects sémantiques et thématiques des objets géospatiaux sont modélisés et gérés. La hiérarchie entre ces objets est maintenue à travers un graphe dirigé acyclique dans lequel les feuilles correspondent à des primitives géométriques de l'arrangement 2D et les noeuds de plus haut niveau représentent les objets géospatiaux sémantiques plus ou moins aggrégés. Nous avons intégré le modèle de données proposé dans un framework SIG nommé StreetMaker en complément d'un ensemble d'algorithmes génériques et de capacités SIG basiques. Ce framework est alors assez riche pour générer automatiquement des graphes de réseau piétonnier. En effet, dans le cadre d'un projet d'analyse d'accessibilité, le flux de traitement proposé a permis de produire avec succès sur deux sites un graphe de réseau piétonnier à partir de données en entrées variées : des cartes vectorielles existantes, des données vectorielles créées semi-automatiquement et des objets vectoriels extraits d'un nuage de points lidar issu d'une acquisition de cartographie mobile.Alors que la modélisation 2D de la surface du sol est suffisante pour les applications SIG 2D, les applications SIG 3D nécessitent des modèles 3D de l'environnement. La modélisation 3D est un sujet très large mais, dans un premier pas vers cette modélisation 3D, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la modélisation semi-automatique d'objets de type cylindre généralisé (tels que les poteaux, les lampadaires, les troncs d'arbre, etc) à partir d'une seule image. Les méthodes et techniques développées sont présentées et discutéesThis thesis addresses easy and effective development of mapping and transportation applications which especially focuses on the generation of pedestrian networks for applications like navigation, itinerary calculation, accessibility analysis and urban planning. In order to achieve this goal, we proposed a two layered data model which encodes the public space into a hierarchy of semantic geospatial objects. At the lower level, the 2D geometry of the geospatial objects are captured using a planar partition which is represented as a topological 2D arrangement. This representation of a planar partition allows efficient and effective geometry processing and easy maintenance and validation throughout the editions when the geometry or topology of an object is modified. At the upper layer, the semantic and thematic aspects of geospatial objects are modelled and managed. The hierarchy between these objects is maintained using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) in which the leaf nodes correspond to the geometric primitives of the 2D arrangement and the higher level nodes represent the aggregated semantic geospatial objects at different levels. We integrated the proposed data model into our GIS framework called StreetMaker together with a set of generic algorithms and basic GIS capabilities. This framework is then rich enough to generate pedestrian network graphs automatically. In fact, within an accessibility analysis project, the full proposed pipeline was successfully used on two sites to produce pedestrian network graphs from various types of input data: existing GIS vector maps, semi-automatically created vector data and vector objects extracted from Mobile Mapping lidar point clouds.While modelling 2D ground surfaces may be sufficient for 2D GIS applications, 3D GIS applications require 3D models of the environment. 3D modelling is a very broad topic but as a first step to such 3D models, we focused on the semi-automatic modelling of objects which can be modelled or approximated by generalized cylinders (such as poles, lampposts, tree trunks, etc.) from single images. The developed methods and techniques are presented and discussed
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Rodhain, Florence. "La construction et la confrontation de représentations : le cas des besoins en information : proposition d'une méthode fondée sur la cartographie cognitive." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20069.
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La these propose une methode ayant pour but la recherche d'un accord entre plusieurs acteurs ou groupes d'acteurs quelconques, desirant, dans une situation floue, non structuree, trouver un consensus sur les modalites d'un changement souhaite. Les representations des acteurs quant au projet etant plutot confuses, et potentiellement divergentes, la cartographie cognitive constitue l'outil principal de la demarche proposee, puisqu'il permet, premierement, de clarifier les representations des acteurs, c'est-a-dire de construire des representations mentales en meme temps qu'il construit des representations graphiques, materielles, et, deuxiemement, de confronter des representations. Concept polysemique par excellence, la notion de representation est exploree dans diverses disciplines, etude debouchant sur la proposition d'une definition. La cartographie cognitive, n'etant pas non plus d'une approche aisee, fait egalement l'objet d'une etude approfondie, sous la forme d'un historique et de la recherche d'une definition. Trois cas d'utilisation de la methode proposee, dans le cadre de la recherche d'un plan de systemes d'information, sont presentes. Ceux-ci ont permis de mettre en evidence la praticabilite et l'efficacite de la methode. L'application de la methode au cas de la recherche d'un plan de si a conduit a l'etude critique de la notion de besoin en information, communement utilisee dans la litterature en si. Remettant en cause le caractere reel du besoin en information, la these propose de considerer celui-ci comme un construit, decoulant de la maniere dont l'individu interprete les evenements, c'est-a-dire en fonction de ses representations. Postulant le besoin comme un construit, la these propose de rebaptiser l'activite dite d'analyse des besoins en information, devant deboucher, selon les auteurs, au recensement complet des besoins reels des utilisateurs, en l'activite de construction de besoins en information, permettant de construire une liste de besoins autorisant la production d'un si satisfaisant les utilisateurs.
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Stephens, Monica. "From Geo-Social to Geo-Local: The Flows and Biases of Volunteered Geographic Information." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/242399.
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This dissertation analyzes the geography of information in the 21st century where BigData, social networks, user generated production of content and geography combine to create new and complex patterns of space, context and sociability. Both online and offline, social networks are creating a space that simultaneously unifies individuals and identifies distinct differences in their patterns and their relationships to space. Using methodologies derived from spatial analysis, geographic information systems (GIS), and Social Network Analysis (SNA), this dissertation identifies how Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) both mimic and bolster existing social structures and allow individuals to extend their activities into flows between non-contiguous spaces. Simultaneously it demonstrates how the adoption of user-generated geographic information has not been uniform. Instead it has resulted in an uneven distribution of content and more nuanced digital divides. Although geographically uneven, social structures developed through online networks of user-generated content are most effective at transmitting information at a local level. This dissertation provides a comprehensive examination of online networks and representations of the GeoWeb. It repudiates previous assumptions that online content provides liberation and collaboration among users without regard to geographic constraints and demonstrates the locally constrained nature social networks and the demographically constrained nature of geographic information.
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Bailloeul, Timothée Marthon Philippe Hu Baogang. "Contours actifs et information à priori pour l'analyse de changements application à la mise à jour de cartes numériques du bâti urbain à partir d'images optiques de télédétection haute résolution /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000282.
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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Signal, image et acoustique : Toulouse, INPT : 2005. Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Signal, image et acoustique : Institut d'automatique, Académie des Sciences de Chine : 2005.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 137 réf.
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Bird, William. "Use of GIS technology in improving medical service delivery by volunteer drivers to VA medical facilities a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of master of science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2010. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/BirdWilliamJ/index.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2010.The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on June 7, 2010) Includes bibliographical references.
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Paiva, Joao Argemiro de Carvalho. "Topological Equivalence and Similarity in Multi-Representation Geographic Databases." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 1998. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PaivaJA1998.pdf.
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Bailloeul, Timothée. "Contours actifs et information à priori pour l'analyse de changements : application à la mise à jour de cartes numériques du bâti urbain à partir d'images optiques de télédétection haute résolution." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000282/.
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Cette thèse propose une méthodologie visant à analyser les changements entre une carte numérique du bâti urbain et des images optiques de télédétection submétriques. Notre approche est basée sur l'utilisation de l'information à priori spécifique des bâtiments symbolisés dans la carte afin de faciliter leur reconnaissance dans une image satellitaire plus récente. Cette connaissance à priori est incorporée comme une contrainte de forme dans un modèle variationnel de recalage fin carte-image par contours actifs. Nous proposons des solutions nouvelles pour une convergence plus rapide, robuste et en même temps plus flexible du contour. Le recalage par contours actif résoud le problème des variabilités exogènes carte-image indépendantes d'un changement effectif et améliore la fiabilité de la détection de changement. Nous illustrons l'efficacité de l'approche proposée à partir d'expériences menées avec une carte d'échelle 1:10 000 et des images satellitaires Quickbird de la ville de PékinThis thesis proposes a methodology aiming at analyzing changes between an urban digital map of buildings and sub-meter optical remote sensing data. Our approach is based on the use of specific prior information derived from the buildings symbolized in the map to ease their recognition in a more recent satellite image. This prior knowledge is embedded in a variational model to constrain the shape of active contours intended to achieve map-to-image fine matching. We propose new solutions to improve the robustness, speed and flexibility of the active contours. The fine matching process solves the issue of exogenous variabilities between the map and the image which are independant from real changes and increases the reliability of change detection. We ilustrate the efficiency of our approach with experiments carried out with a 1:10 000 scale map and Quickbird satellite images of Pekin city
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Holland, Henry. "A collated digital, geological map database for the central Namaqua Province using geographical information system technology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005548.
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The genlogy of the Namaqua Province is notoriously difficult to map and interpret due to polymetamorphic and multiple deformation events and limlted outcrop. Current maps of the Province reflect diverse interpretations of stratigraphy as a consequence of these difficulties. A Geographic Information System is essentially a digital database and a set of functions and procedures to capture, analyse and manipulate spatially related data. A GIS is therefore ideally suited to the study and analysis of maps. A digital map database was established, using modem GIS technology, to facilitate the collation of existing maps of an area in the Central Namaqua Province (CNP). This database is based on a lithological classification system similar to that used by Harris (1992), rather than on an interpretive stratigraphic model. In order to establish the database, existing geological maps were scanned into a GIS, and lines of outcrop and lithological contacts were digitised using a manual line following process, which is one of the functions native to a GIS. Attribute data were then attached to the resultant polygons. The attribute database consists of lithological, textural and mineralogical data, as well as stratigraphical classification data according to the South African Committee for Stratigraphy (SACS), correlative names assigned to units by the Precambrian Research Unit, the Geological Survey of South Africa, the Bushmanland Research group and the University of the Orange Free State. Other attribute data included in the database, are tectonic and absolute age information, and the terrane classification for the area. This database reflects the main objective of the project and also serves as a basis for further expansion of a geological GIS for the CNP. Cartographic and database capabilities of the GIS were employed to produce a collated lithological map of the CNP. A TNTmipsTM Spatial Manipulation Language routine was written to produce a database containing two fields linked to each polygon, one for lithology and one for a correlation probability factor. Correlation factors are calculated in this routine from three variables, namely the prominence a worker attached to a specific lithology within a unit or outcrop, the agreement amongst the various workers on the actual lithology present within an outcrop, and the correspondence between the source of the spatial element (mapped outcrop) and the source of the attribute data attached to it. Outcrops were displayed on the map according to the lithology with the highest correlation factor, providing a unique view of the spatial relationships and distribution patterns of lithological units in the CNP. A second map was produced indicating the correlation factors for lithologies within the CNP. Thematic maps are produced in a GIS by selecting spatial elements according to a set of criteria, usually based on the attribute database, and then displaying the elements as maps. Maps created by this process are known as customised maps, since users of the GIS can customise the selection and display of elements according to their needs. For instance, all outcrops of rock units containing particular lithologies of a given age occurring in a specific terrane can be displayed - either on screen or printed out as a map. The database also makes it possible to plot maps according to different stratigraphic classification systems. Areas where various workers disagree on the stratigraphic classification of units can be isolated, and displayed as separate maps in order to aid in the collation process. The database can assist SACS in identifying areas in the CNP where stratigraphic classification is still lacking or agreements on stratigraphic nomenclature have not yet been attained. More than one database can be attached to the spatial elements in a GIS, and the Namaqua-GIS can therefore be expanded to include geochemical, geophysical, economic, structural and geographical data. Other data on the area, such as more detailed maps, photographs and satellite images can be attached to the lithological map database in the correct spatial relationship. Another advantage of a GIS is the facility to continually update the database(s) as more information becomes available and/or as interpretation of the area is refined.
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Orzanco, Maria Gabriela. "Exploration de la fusion des informations pour améliorer la fiabilité locale d'une carte forestière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23448/23448.pdf.
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Sur la carte forestière traditionnelle du Québec, les frontières entre les peuplements sont représentées par des lignes, les estimations du volume ligneux proviennent de regroupements des échantillons de terrain (p-e) et sont assignées aux strates forestières, qui sont considérées comme homogènes pour les attributs cartographiés. L’objectif général de cette recherche est d’explorer comment la complémentarité de différentes méthodes peuvent permettre de mieux caractériser les frontières entre les peuplements, les strates forestières et les estimations du volume ligneux et ce, en fusionnant les informations de la carte et des p-e. Le contraste et le contexte spatial des frontières sont quantifiés, tout comme le contexte des peuplements. Ces aspects sont complémentaires et ils permettent de détecter les secteurs du territoire où l’identification des frontières serait plus facile. Il existe une relation statistiquement significative entre le contraste des variables examinées et la probabilité d’existence d’une frontière. D’autres frontières sont identifiées à partir des p-e. Elles correspondent aux groupes de p-e semblables ainsi qu’aux discontinuités spatiales des variables. Les deux types de frontières coïncident lorsque les différences par rapport au voisinage sont intenses. Quant aux estimations du volume ligneux, les modèles de régression arborescente forment des groupes de p-e dont la variabilité est inférieure à celle des groupes définis par la méthode actuelle utilisée au Québec. Les strates forestières auxquelles ces estimations sont associées sont caractérisées en fonction de la concordance carte/p-e, aux échelles locale et du voisinage. Pour certaines strates, la concordance locale est élevée, tandis que celle du voisinage est faible et vice-versa. La concordance locale peut être attribuée au degré d’homogénéité interne des strates et à la représentativité des p-e, tandis que la concordance avec le voisinage rend compte de l’incertitude positionnelle des p-e, des frontières et/ou des conditions structurales de ces dernières. Finalement, la fusion des frontières cartographiques et de terrain peut se faire sur le plan des connaissances, étant données les différences de résolution spatiale et du degré de généralisation des deux cartes. De façon générale, les méthodes employées dans cette thèse permettent de mieux caractériser la carte forestière et ses éléments améliorant l’estimation locale du volume ligneux.In the traditional forest maps in Quebec, sharp lines represent stand boundaries, forest strata are considered equally concordant in relation to field/cartographic attributes and the woody volume estimations issue from successive regrouping of field plots. The general objective of this research is to explore how different methods can be combined to characterize stand boundaries, forest strata and woody volume estimations, from geomatic and ecological points of view, by map and field information fusion. In order to qualify boundaries, their contrast and spatial contexts are quantified. The integration of these aspects allows the detection of forest sectors where boundary identification could be easiest. A significant relationship exists among the contrast of examined variables with the existence probability of boundaries. Other boundaries are identified from the field plots. These ones correspond to homogeneous plot clusters and to strong spatial discontinuities in the field variables. The two boundary types coincide spatially when neighbourhood differences are intense. The woody volume boundaries are, in this scale, spatially dependent on forest and topographic boundaries. Regression trees are used for grouping field plots considering minimum volume variability. The most effective tree model is associated with field variables. The groups formed with this method present less spatial variability in comparison with the plot groups presently used in Quebec. The forest strata are qualified by their accord map/plot level. For many forest strata the local accord is high while the neighbourhood accord is low. The local accord is attributed to internal strata homogeneity and/or the fact that plots poorly represent the forest stratum. The neighbourhood accord is associated with positional uncertainty of field samples, of boundaries or both. Finally, in order to permit cartographic and field boundary fusion at the element level, the resolution of heterogeneity between field and forest map data must be addressed first. The spatial resolution and semantic ecological significance of cartographic units are the most important of these heterogeneities.
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Pungthong, Viriya. "Port-a-map /." Online version of thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11533.
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Watkins, Derek, and Derek Watkins. "Digital Facets of Place: Flickr's Mappings of the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12442.
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Human social interactions imbue the world with meaning, transforming abstract spaces into lived places. Given the digital conduits of much modern social interaction, online narratives increasingly affect material places. Yet the emerging glut of online information demands new methods of investigating place narratives at multiple scales. Drawing on novel geographic visualizations of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of photographs of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands posted on the website Flickr, this study shows that online portrayals are 1) highly uneven in terms of distribution, visibility, and content, 2) fundamentally influenced by "real-world" geographies, 3) often culturally reductive, and 4) made to appear unduly exhaustive by the naturalizing visual slant of the internet as a medium of communication. These processes stand to influence how places are constructed in the information age, especially given the presence of "digital divides" that work against internet access for much of the world's population.