Journal articles: 'Cartographic information'

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Klettner, Silvia. "More than identifiers: Map symbols and their connotative meaning." Abstracts of the ICA 2 (October 8, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-4-2020.

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Abstract. Cartographic maps are a form of communication. Through signs and symbols, they give rise to ideas and thoughts of geospatial phenomena, enabling us to relate to, think about, and to imagine events from a viewpoint beyond direct experience. By applying a mutually shared set of signs and semiotic rules, sheer unlimited, meaningful, novel messages about space and time can be communicated through maps. As such, maps are considered a means of conceiving, articulating, and structuring the human world (Harley, 1989).Maps are human-made artifacts, based on a myriad of choices concerning what to communicate and how to communicate. Maps are, therefore, never neutral but based on decisions which will influence how maps are perceived, how information is interpreted, and how phenomena and events are imagined (Chandler, 2007; Monmonier, 1996). Cartographic communication, therefore, requires deliberate choices to share and express information successfully. To this day, the cartographer faces the challenge of near-infinite variations of visual variables to choose from. Yet, which ones are most suitable for a given context, for a given type of spatial information, object, or phenomenon? The choice for the aptest cartographic signifier is still a challenging task. In cartography, there remains a need for a differentiated understanding of how visual variables can be used to encode information (MacEachren et al., 2012).While all map signs can be considered to be identifiers which aim to denote and inform about spatial phenomena, research from related fields show that signs and symbols may also imbue connotative qualities that influence human affect and modulate cognitive processes (e.g. Feldman Barrett et al., 2007; Loftus & Palmer, 1974). In as far as cartographic semiology provides a theoretical framework addressing the denoting qualities of cartographic visual variables (Bertin, 1974), it, hitherto, does not encompass their connotative effects on human affect, perception, and cognition. At the same time, empirical research on the connotative meaning of map signs is still scarce, and semiotic differentiations between the denoting and connoting qualities of signifiers are often neglected in cartographic research and applications of semiotics. Consequently, “the difference of what a map sign means and what it represents has become blurred” (MacEachren, 1995, p.245).Between the intersection of psychology, cartography, and semiotics, this research draws attention to the connotative qualities of shape symbols in cartographic communication. In qualitative and quantitative empirical studies, abstract map symbols are studied in cartographic and non-cartographic contexts, and their connotative effects on human judgments and affective responses are explored (Klettner, 2019, 2020). Shape symbols, in these studies, refer to commonly used graphic variables in visual communication and thematic cartography (e.g. circle, triangle, square, etc.) to indicate nominal data. Findings strongly indicate that some map symbols do not only depict and denote but also express and connote and that these connotative qualities can be as powerful as to modulate affective responses and cognitive processes, such as influencing judgments about the depicted phenomena.A better understanding of how map signs and symbols are perceived can allow for more accurate discrimination between them. By unraveling some of the connotative qualities of cartographic point symbols, this research aims to contribute towards more informed choices and towards creating more effective and associative cartographic visualizations.

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Petkov, Dobrin, and Temenoujka Bandrova. "Classification of cartographic models according to their content, dimensionality, material of production and types of reality." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 1 (2020): 434–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-434-446.

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Cartography as one of the most ancient science and practice supply users with cartographic models and deliver them with geospatial information. Now in the days of technological revolution and digital earth we cannot find clearly classification of cartographic models including the latest achievements of science, technics and methodology. Several classifications, mainly of maps are shown and critical review is done. It is visible that no standardization in this field. Cartography as a mathematical science need classification system of its models, data and information. It is needed to everybody who make and use cartographic models. The classification system offers a possible method for selecting a suitable model that can be used to visualize a data set or theory. The point of classification is to take large number of observations and group them into data ranges or classes. This paper represents an information about cartographic models and make attempt to classify them according to their content (general, thematic, specialized), dimensionality (2D, 2.5D, 3D, 4D, multidimensional), material of production (paper / hard base, digital, anaglyph, holographic, web), and types of reality (virtual, augmented, physical). This is done on the base of new cartographic models appeared with technical innovation and computer-aided systems used in cartography nowadays.

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McHaffie, Patrick, Sona Karentz Andrews, Michael Dobson, and Anonymous Anonymous. "Ethical Problems in Cartography: A Roundtable Commentary." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 07 (September 1, 1990): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp07.1095.

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The problem of defining and actualizing standards of ethical conduct troubles many professions, including cartography. In an attempt to formalize the ethical discourse in cartography the editors of Cartographic Perspectives invited five contributors to discuss what they perceive as important ethical problems in the discipline. The contributors were selected from the three major sectors of the cartographic enterprise: commercial mapping organizations, government mapping agencies, and university geography departments offering cartography programs. The contributors identify personal and institutional vigilance in product quality assurance, map plagiarism through violation of copyright law, and conflicts of interest as important ethical issues. The commentary concludes by questioning the nature and validity of cartography's claim to truth ("accuracy"), and asserts that cartographic ethics cannot be extricated from the values of the larger society which commissions the production of cartographic information.

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Gillispie, James. "Cartographic Information: NCIC Newsletters." Serials Review 11, no. 4 (December 1985): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.1985.10763649.

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Malhotra, Rakesh, Terry McNeill, Carrie Francis, and Tim Mulrooney. "Cartographic Presentation as the Central Theme for Geospatial Education." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-237-2019.

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Abstract. North Carolina Central University is committed to student education and training in cartography and geospatial sciences. This paper demonstrates the importance of applying cartographic principles to train students to convert historical deed records into geospatial data. Students were required to take text information from the 1960s and input this information it into a spatial database. The historical information was recorded on typed deeds in COGO (direction-distance) and the historic coordinate system of 1927 in the 1960s. Students applied cartographic principles that were used to identify contextual and spatial variations and anomalies to flag areas and records that didn’t meet project specifications and to trouble shoot conflicting information.This paper demonstrates the usefulness of using cartography as a tool to educate students in allied aspects of geospatial sciences such as creating and managing spatial data. For example, students used tools such as markers and color coding to identify areas of overlap and areas of mismatched records (Figure 1). The authors found that using cartography helped enhance the spatial understanding of the project for students.Education is the foundation of projects at North Carolina Central University and cartography has demonstrated appeal at the university level. Various geospatial aspects such as datums and projections, overlays, gaps, overlaps, and converting written information to spatial (geometric) information lend themselves well to cartographic principles. Cartography is an essential element that supports learning and teaching of spatial information as demonstrated by this project. Students were in a better position to understand and detect spatial anomalies with help from cartography than they were without using cartography and relying solely of written information. This enhanced their understanding and use of spatial data.

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Suazo, Antonio. "A new method for using historical street photography collections as a primary source for cartographic production." Abstracts of the ICA 2 (October 8, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-24-2020.

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Abstract. The production of historical cartographies with the aid of digital tools has become in recent years a very active field of study, especially in urban heritage research. In this way, contributions from disciplines such as computer vision or remote sensing allow today to integrate data from various documentary records, enriching the available urban historiography, and enabling new readings on the relationship between historical cartography and contemporary sources of information. Despite this, little attention has been paid to the use of urban street photography, which continues to be used mostly to confirm or validate cartographic hypotheses, but not as a primary source of information. Among other causes, this is because there are no standardized procedures to extract the information directly from the photographs, nor with methods that allow addressing the divergences between captures from various locations and times.To overcome this situation, a new methodology is proposed to incorporate collections of historical photographs into a cartographic creation process, for the recovery and direct use of the information contained in them. Throughout a workflow, the proposal provides special support for two sub-processing steps: i) the possibility of comparatively studying the information from various photographs, and ii) the possibility of managing and taking into account the differences in dates between different shots. For this, the proposal transfers the recovered information from the photographs (in a 3D coordinate system) to a single cartographic representation (in a 2D coordinate system), to support that data management and decision making take place directly in the map view. This is intended to overcome the practice of using the map to ‘pass clean’ discoveries made with other means and to restore instead the notion of cartographic representation as a detection and direct investigation tool.The work considers the evaluation of the proposed method through the application in a case study. We worked with the restitution of the disappeared tram system of Santiago, Chile (1900–1945) through the cartographic representation of its extinct network of railway lines, of which only some isolated fragments remain. The visual documentation was provided by the Chilectra photographic archive (1921–27) – currently managed by the Photographic Archive of the National Library of Chile – which documented the extent of the tracks layout and its installation process (Figure 1a). Thus, around 200 scanned historical photographs were reviewed and processed with the proposed method, and their information made available to a cartographic production and management process (Figure 1b), based on the historical cartography of Santiago from Hidalgo et al (2011) and Salas (2012). Finally, the obtained data is evaluated (Figure 2), identifying scopes on the recovered information and on the characteristics that the photographs must meet in the first instance to be processed.The satisfactory results obtained show that the proposed approach and method allow historical photography to be used directly within a cartographic process, as a primary source of information. This reinforces the idea of the place that corresponds to these records within the spectrum of historiographic sources, along with textual, planimetric, and other descriptions of urban interest. Likewise, the work reflects on the approach that should prevail to use the map as a research tool, and on the possibilities that such a process opens, significantly improving the use of historical photography for the study of urban heritage with cartographic representations.

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Gartner, Georg, Menno-Jan Kraak, Dirk Burghardt, Liqiu Meng, Juliane Cron, Corné van Elzakker, and Britta Ricker. "Envisioning the future of academic cartographic education." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-89-2019.

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Abstract. Why do we teach cartography? The need for cartographic education:In our day to day life, on an individual or societal level there is a continual need or even demand for geospatial information. On an individual level this need is expressed by questions like: Where am I?, How far away is my new doctor’s office?, Which route should I take to get to my destination based on current traffic patterns? Other questions may include: What is the spatial extent of my land parcel? What do I have permission to build on my parcel? On a societal level questions include: What cities suffer from high unemployment? What are the most efficient spots to build a new wind farm? Where is the optimal place to build a new road without fragmenting important species habitats? To offer answers to these questions, geographic information systems (GIS) including tools and instruments have been developed. The most important communication tool to foster decision making, as part of a GIS, is the map. Reality is too complex to comprehend with the naked eye. Therefore patterns are often missed, maps and other cartographic models are an interface between humans and the reality used to abstract, symbolized, a simplify view of the world. These maps then allow us to view spatial patterns and relationships between objects in the world. The world cannot do without maps. Why? Because they tell us about spatial issues on both local and global scale that influence our lives. How? Maps are the most effective and the most efficient tools to into and overview of geographical data which help us answer spatio-temporal questions and to provide new insight. What is ongoing in our world? Trends in our domain: yesterday, today and tomorrow:Looking at the timeline of our domain, cartography, we could argue that after a long period where maps where seen as artifacts, maps are now considered to be interactive and dynamic (web) services, and in the near future we move to human centered cognitive map displays that are immersive and ubiquitous. Yesterday, the map could be considered an artifact, a static object, on paper or on a screen. The map stores the information and can no longer be changed. The user did not play a prominent role in map design. Today, with the internet, there has been a huge increase in data access and generation resulting in maps being produced and used especial to satisfy individual location-based queries such as ’Where am I right now’ and ‘How-do-I-get-there?’ questions. Societal questions are answered by maps available via automated services accessible via dedicated portals. Today maps are no longer artifacts, but provided as a digital map services. However, tomorrow the map will yet again be different. We are able to sense and monitor the world real time and ubiquitously, including human users’ spatial abilities, emotions, needs and requirements. With developments in interface design including more opportunities for 3d/4d/Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality Human-Computer-Interfaces are becoming even "closer" to our human processing system. Maps will increasingly become human-centered, highly interactive, dynamic and adjustable visual displays. Purpose: What are the cartographic consequences of these developments? Required cartographic competences: The above developments have resulted in the expansion of what define the existing established cartographic method: making geospatial data and information accessible for users to foster discovery and insight into and overview of spatiotemporal data. Map design, including fundamentals such as projection, scale, generalization and symbolization, remain core to cartography. Yesterday, cartographic education was focused on how to optimally create fixed graphical representations at a defined scale constrained by the media, but with an eye for syntactical as well as graphical/aesthetical quality. Today knowledge and skills cartographers require have expanded, and they include an understanding of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) that house Big Data and Data Science, Web Services, Programming, Style Definitions, Algorithms, Semantic web and Linked Data and Interactivity and other relevant technological skills. Increasingly, more attention has also been, and will have to be, paid to use and user (requirement) analysis and usability assessment. Users will simple not use cartographic services that are not enjoyable and do not help them meet their goals. We will continue to conduct usability evaluations in new sensing and map display environments. Based on technological advances and social uptake thereof, tomorrow will yet again ask for an adaption of the cartographic education and research dealing more and more with the "human" embodied experience. Figure 1a shows the relation among the current skills and competences a cartographer needs. In the center of the triangle the map and the cartographic method. Data, Media and Users are found around. Knowledge and skills about data handling refer to selection, integration and abstraction, as well as analysis. Media skills and knowledge are about the interface, interaction, adapted design, technology and coding. Users refers to usability (enjoyment), cognition, perception, sensors (robots) and requirements. In Figure 1b the changing paradigm of the map as interface between human and reality as seen yesterday, today and tomorrow. How do we do it? Our MSc Cartography:The Erasmus Mundus Master of Science in Cartography program is characterized by its worldwide unique profile and comprehensive and in-depth cartographic lectures and lab works. All four partner universities (see involved authors) jointly developed and defined the learning outcomes after intensive cooperation and consultation. The program takes all theoretical as well as practical aspects of the broad and interdisciplinary field of cartography into account. Graduates of the program are able to meet the variety of requirements placed on a cartographer today. An obvious strength of this program is the clear research-driven orientation of selected lectures, e.g. visual analytics, web and mobile cartography and the close binding of M.Sc. topics to ongoing research projects. Students in the Cartography program learn how to develop and evaluate cartographic tools on the basis of firmly established theories and methods. The focus lays in developing and applying scientific methods and techniques to improve geo-information services for a diverse range of heterogeneous users. Another added value of the program is its educational execution in locations across Europe, a historic center of excellence in the field of cartography, integrating it within interdisciplinary fields. Excellently educated students from this program will fill the gaps not only in the cartographic research community and geosciences, but also in other related research fields that address the global challenges as defined by bodies like the United Nations or the European Union.

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Ostrowski, Wiesław. "Stages of Development of Cartography as a Science." Miscellanea Geographica 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2008): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2008-0027.

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Abstract Three essential periods may be singled out in the development of cartography as a science: 1. From the beginning of the last century to the mid-sixties is the period of development of cartography as a distinct science. 2. The period dating from the mid-sixties till the eighties is the golden age of development of theoretical cartography with special amplification of discussions on the subject of the theoretical fundamentals of cartography. At the end of the former period and at the beginning of the latter, cartography finally distinguished itself as an independent science. In 1959, the International Cartographic Association was founded. In 1961, the International Yearbook of Cartography was published for the first time and beginning in 1969, Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny (the Polish Cartographic Review). A year earlier, Komisja Kartograficzna Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego (the Cartographic Commission of the Polish Geographical Society) was established. 3. Since the mid-eighties, and even somewhat earlier, use of new IT technologies, especially interest in the map as an element of geographic information systems, has become the dominating trend in cartography.

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Radunzel, Joel Douglas. "Using the Right Tool: David Woodward's Suggested Framework and the Study of Military Cartography." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 81 (November 9, 2015): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp81.1281.

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In 1974 David Woodward suggested a framework for organizing the study of the history of cartography that unified on one hand the process and the output of cartographic production, and on the other hand the four sequential phases of cartographic production, from information gathering through document use. In a survey of scholars who have cited Woodward’s model I note that, while this framework has influenced the conceptual development of map history, it has rarely been applied rigorously to specific instances of mapping. I argue that this model is an underutilized tool in cartographic scholarship, and that Woodward’s matrix is ideally suited to examining how military units carry out mapping. Because military units, particularly large ones, are in effect self-contained systems that cyclically produce, use, and reproduce their own maps, I contend that scholars can modify Woodward’s original model in content, though not in structure, to study military mapping activities. To illustrate this point, I present as a case study the British military’s Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) during the Gaza Campaign of late 1917. This force performed a broad range of mapping activity, much of it innovative. A modification of the Woodward framework that brings together the specific elements of the EEF’s information gatherers, information processors, and map users into a single cohesive cartographic system illustrates the value and utility of this framework for studying the history of military cartography.

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Stevens, Alan R. "The National Cartographic Information Center." Science & Technology Libraries 5, no. 3 (April 4, 1985): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v05n03_03.

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Bandrova, Temenoujka, Miljenko Lapaine, and Silvia Marinova. "Certificates for High-Quality Cartographic Products." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-7-2019.

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Abstract. The study is inspired by questions that students and teachers ask during past experiments that the authors have carried out. The users who represent Bulgarian and Croatian schools are invited to evaluate existing maps and draw their own maps. This research focuses on cartographical mistakes and how they impact user’s understanding of the map. We don’t aim to show or explain all cartographic mistakes. The examples are chosen arbitrarily and do not claim to provide an exhaustive list of the problems.Online maps which hold a significant market share provide cartographic information in various thematic areas for different kind of users. Producers of all world map platforms try to cover all necessary information in a similar way and do not consider user’s age, cultural, professional and knowledge diversity. Similar behaviour is observed with the production of traditional maps where various cartographic mistakes can be pointed.To respond to these observations, Bulgarian and Croatian cartographic associations created rules and conditions under which a cartographic product can receive a Certificate for high-quality map / atlas / other cartographic product.

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Chabaniuk, Viktor, and Kateryna Polyvach. "Cartographic interpretation of the “meta” notion in the cultural heritage context." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 4 (2020): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-4-26-371-384.

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The monograph [Aslanikashvili, 1974] does not define the term “metacartography”, although the notion itself is described in sufficient detail to be understood. A. Aslanikashvili’s metacartography has proven to be very useful in considering the relations between modern systematic cartographic phenomena, which are often relate to Web 2.0 cartography. The article offers a practical interpretation of the “meta” notion in such phenomena as National Atlases, National Spatial Data Infrastructures and OpenStreetMap. This is done using the Conceptual Frameworks (CoFr) method and the Atlas Extender (AtEx), which allow extending atlases in the classical sense to extended atlas systems. AtEx implements a CoFr method of relational cartography based on patterns (hereinafter RelCa), among which are relational patterns of “meta”. CoFr describe the structure of spatial information systems in an extended sense, and relational cartographies are defined as the coordinated art, science and technology of making and using relations in (extended) cartographic systems and between (extended) cartographic systems. Due to this we can consider relational spaces that have a lot in common with the specific spaces of A. Aslanikashvili. To apply the RelCa methods, the understanding of “metacartography”, “map meta-model” and “map language” notions have been updated. For this purpose, Model-Based Engineering (MBE) has been used, an area of computer science that is evolving in our century. The analogies between BMI constructions, modern systematic cartographic phenomena and A. Aslanikashvili metacartography are shown. It has been proved abductively that in modern conditions the field of cartography research needs to be extended by relational spaces or to a system of spatial systems of a certain epistemological structure. Important in this structuring is the relation of “meta” that A. Aslanikashvili began to explore. The abduction proved the presence and necessity of using the “meta” relation when constructing cultural heritage maps. In particular, the interpretation of the “meta” relation for choropleth maps is proposed, modeling the saturation assessment of the country by the entities of the material cultural heritage. The results obtained will be included in the Atlas of Cultural Heritage of Ukraine.

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Mangan, Elizabeth. "Cartographic Materials." Journal of Map & Geography Libraries 3, no. 2 (June 14, 2007): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j230v03n02_03.

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VISHNIKINA, L., and T. YAPRYNETS. "CARTOGRAPHIC AND GEO-INFORMATION TOOLS OF TEACHING GEOGRAPHY." ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, no. 22 (November 7, 2018): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2018.22.185009.

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The article is devoted to the problem of systematization of cartographic and geo-information teaching tools, the methodological features of their use in order to form the cartographic competence of students. The paper reveals the essence of geographical information systems (GIS) and the possibility of their use in the process of teaching geography.It is grounded that the use of cartographic and geoinformation facilities in the process of studying geography contributes to the formation of the ability of students to develop simple cartographic and combined models (cartograms and mappings) on the basis of contour maps; to develop and use general and special geoinformational educational models; to perform various cartographic-geoinformation tasks of constructive direction, combined with prospects of development of natural resources, environmental protection, transport and industrial construction, etc.

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Beshentsev, A. N. "Theory and practice of the information concept cartographic research method. Part 1." Geodesy and Cartography 936, no. 6 (July 20, 2018): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-936-6-26-36.

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The theoretical foundations for the being developed concept of the cartographic investigation method based on the cartographic information phenomenon and the possibilities of its transformation are presented in the article. The functional structure of the concept is proposed. It establishes information postulates, concepts, procedures, constructs and mechanisms as the components of the implementing cartographic research method in the context of informatisation of the society’s territorial activities. The place, significance and content of each component of the concept in the information-cartographic transforming the space-and-time reality into a cartographic model are established. The value of information postulates characterizing the physical state, the form of storage, internal properties, the field of use and social functions of cartographic information at each stage of the reality transformation were determined. The contents of these stages, which are separate types of cartographic activity, are disclosed. The importance of information concepts characterizing modern knowledge of a certain type of cartographic activity and revealing the semantic content of analog and automated actions performed at each stage of informational and cartographic transforming the reality was established.

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Desclaux-Salachas, Jasmine, and Lucile Bataille. "Tectonics of cartography." Proceedings of the ICA 4 (December 3, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-4-28-2021.

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Abstract. Probably by dint of seductive appearances and overflowing passion for cartography, by dint of instant accessibility to all kind of maps and any graphic representations commonly called ‘maps’ and finally by dint of confusions between what is an IMAGE and what is a DATA, everyone forgets that, at the dawn of a cartographic project, ‘THE MAP STILL DOESN’T EXIST’. For it to exist, a scope of collective work and essential skills are necessary. First of all, the aim of a mapping project must be identified. Its specifications, statement of requirements, its schedule of conditions must be sealed by a contract between an orderer and a cartographer.The objective of this presentation is to recall how a keyboard is neither a magic thought nor a magic wand. Clicking on it will never finalize our work without us, cartographers, but engages us to follow series of timeless execution process over the entire duration of the cartographic production, in anticipating each action.Our work consists in making every effort, by all the necessary technical and human means, to gather the knowledge of a subject (or several) to ‘Map-draw’ with the ultimate goal of returning this acquired knowledge to the readers. Their eye has to find at first glance the information sought. Indeed, the more beautiful and easier to grasp the map is, the more it will be consulted with pleasure.Through a range of cartographic memories, the following characteristic examples of out-of-standard cartographic productions will detail the pertinence of this meticulous cartographical articulation.

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Gotlib, Dariusz, and Robert Olszewski. "From conceptual modeling to a map." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-49-2018.

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Nowadays almost every map is a component of the information system. Design and production of maps requires the use of specific rules for modeling information systems: conceptual, application and data modelling. While analyzing various stages of cartographic modeling the authors ask the question: at what stage of this process a map occurs. Can we say that the “life of the map” begins even before someone define its form of presentation? This question is particularly important at the time of exponentially increasing number of new geoinformation products. During the analysis of the theory of cartography and relations of the discipline to other fields of knowledge it has been attempted to define a few properties of cartographic modeling which distinguish the process from other methods of spatial modeling. Assuming that the map is a model of reality (created in the process of cartographic modeling supported by domain-modeling) the article proposes an analogy of the process of cartographic modeling to the scheme of conceptual modeling presented in ISO 19101 standard.

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Beshentsev, A. N. "Theory and practice of the information concept cartographic research method. Part 2." Geodesy and Cartography 937, no. 7 (August 20, 2018): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-937-7-35-44.

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The article presents practical aspects for the developed concept of the cartographic method of investigation on the basis of the cartographic information phenomenon and the opportunities of its transformation. The essence of information procedures, constructs and mechanisms was revealed. The experiments’ results on the psychology of visual color perception and shape for the optimal constructing cartographic symbols were presented. An example of creating a vector data warehouse was proposed; the opportunities of mapping based on it, and an example of interactive modeling cartographic information by the means of queries were disclosed. An example of creating an international geoportal, including a GIS for the management of a transboundary territory and a cartographic service on an open platform, was described. The essence of the cartographic research method as a social and technical process controlled by technological, social and historical mechanisms was established. The social and historical mechanism of the cartographic research method was presented in the form of continuous scientific and practical activities of the normative social system for the creation and use of cartographic information. The technological mechanism as a set of automated procedures and operations of transforming the space and time reality into a cartographic model was presented.

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Kagawa, Ayako, and Guillaume Le Sourd. "Mapping the world: cartographic and geographic visualization by the United Nations Geospatial Information Section (formerly Cartographic Section)." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-58-2018.

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United Nations Secretariat activities, mapping began in 1946, and by 1951, the need for maps increased and an office with a team of cartographers was established. Since then, with the development of technologies including internet, remote sensing, unmanned aerial systems, relationship database management and information systems, geospatial information provides an ever-increasing variation of support to the work of the Organization for planning of operations, decision-making and monitoring of crises. However, the need for maps has remained intact. This presentation aims to highlight some of the cartographic representation styles over the decades by reviewing the evolution of selected maps by the office, and noting the changing cognitive and semiotic aspects of cartographic and geographic visualization required by the United Nations. Through presentation and analysis of these maps, the changing dynamics of the Organization in information management can be reflected, with a reminder of the continuing and expanding deconstructionist role of a cartographer, now geospatial information management experts.

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Loginov, D. S. "Cartographic support of geophysical research: current situation and prospects." Geodesy and Cartography 950, no. 8 (September 20, 2019): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2019-950-8-32-44.

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The features of cartographic supporting geophysical research at the present stage of cartography and exploration geophysics development are discussed. The current situation and prospects of using GIS and web technologies are characterized basing on the analysis of scientific and industrial experience of domestic and foreign public as well as private geological and geophysical organizations. The analysis was performed at key stages of geophysical research, including the analysis of geological and geophysical studying the work area, designing geophysical works, field works, processing and interpretation of geophysical observations results, compilation of reporting materials, as well as the accumulation and storage of information. The examples of modern geoportals that provide quick access to geological and geophysical infor-mation in various forms of presentation, including cartographic data, are presented in article. The conclusions and recommendations were formulated according to results of the study. They are aimed at improving the efficiency of cartographic supporting geophysical research and the development of inter-sectoral interaction between cartography and geophysics.

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Li, Z. "INFORMATION THEORY OF CARTOGRAPHY: A FRAMEWORK FOR ENTROPY-BASED CARTOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION THEORY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 24, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-11-2020.

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Abstract. Map is an effective communication means. It carries and transmits spatial information about spatial objects and phenomena, from map makers to map users. Therefore, cartography can be regarded as a communication system. Efforts has been made on the application of Shannon Information theory developed in digital communication to cartography to establish an information theory of cartography, or simply cartographic information theory (or map information theory). There was a boom during the period from later 1960s to early 1980s. Since later 1980s, researcher have almost given up the dream of establishing the information theory of cartography because they met a bottleneck problem. That is, Shannon entropy is only able to characterize the statistical information of map symbols but not capable of characterizing the spatial configuration (patterns) of map symbols. Fortunately, break-through has been made, i.e. the building of entropy models for metric and thematic information as well as a feasible computational model for Boltzmann entropy. This paper will review the evolutional processes, examine the bottleneck problems and the solutions, and finally propose a framework for the information theory of cartography. It is expected that such a theory will become the most fundamental theory of cartography in the big data era.

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Török, Zsolt Győző. "Cartographic circles: maps of Hungary as the Habsburg-Ottoman military border in the 16th century." Proceedings of the ICA 3 (August 6, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-3-11-2021.

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Abstract. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire became an all-European military problem after the 1526 battle of Mohács and the fall of the Kingdom of Hungary A huge zone of defence was constructed between the Habsburg and Ottoman powers, dividing the former country. The first map of the country (Lazarus, 1528) was printed to serve Habsburg, imperial and Christian propaganda. The printed maps in the first half of the 16th century were compiled by humanist scholars (Lazius, 1556), and their representations of the stage of the Turkish wars were circulated in European atlases (Ortelius, 1570). Although proper military maps were rare in the Renaissance, the systematic, military-purpose mapping of the border fortifications indicates a Habsburg military cartography. The cartographic workshop of the Angelinis, an Italian family of military architects in Vienna, produced systematic collections of plans, views and chorographic maps in the 1570s. Map historians rarely consider the transfer of cartographic information between different modes and audiences. In this paper, the exchanges between Renaissance humanistic, military and commercial mapping are studied by map examples. Emphasizing the functional and representational changes the cartographic processes implied we focus on the connections between the contemporary, public and printed and the secret and manuscript cartographies. To expand the scope of the study a cross-cultural example, the representations of the 1566 siege of Sziget on Venetian prints and Ottoman topographical miniatures are compared. The Ottoman-Habsburg conflict, the series of the Turkish wars in Rumelia in 16th century exemplifies an appropriate context for the early-modern cartography of Hungary as a transitional and contested war zone.

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Hesse, Walter, and Ian P. Williamson. "The authoritative topographic-cartographic information system." Australian Surveyor 38, no. 3 (September 1993): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1993.10438862.

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Kołaczyński, Stanisław. "The Quantification of the Cartographic Information." Annual of Navigation 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aon-2016-0019.

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Abstract The article contains methods for conducting and results of research on the optimization of the navigation charts scale. The methodology is based on the principles of information theory. The basis for the calculation were the data read from the Polish charts. Certain been recommended optimal scales of the navigation charts.

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Kraak, Menno-Jan, Britta Ricker, and Robert Roth. "Seeing the UN Sustainable Development Goals through Maps." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-187-2019.

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Abstract. Purpose: In this presentation, we announce a book project to map the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The book project is a collaboration between the UN Cartographic Unit, Geospatial Information Section, and the International Cartographic Association (ICA), with layout and production completed by the University of Wisconsin Cartography Lab. The book provides a visual primer on basic and advanced cartographic design principles, demonstrating the power of mapping to engage with persistent social, economic, and environmental inequities while also illustrating the potential of maps to mislead and therefore reinforce these inequities. Target audiences include: policymakers and researchers collecting geospatial information on SDG indicators to improve data policy and products; analysts and designers utilizing geospatial information to improve maps and graphics of the SDGs; and the general public to promote awareness and dialogue about the most pressing challenges facing our planet. In the following, we describe background on the SDGs, book organization, and development process.

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Hong Hanh, Nguyen Thi. "POSSIBILITY AND CONSTRAINT PARAMETERS FOR AUTOMATED GENERALIZATION OF MULTI – SCALE BASE MAPS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 4B (March 22, 2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4b/12036.

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Map generalization plays an important role in map-making process. Map generalization depends on many factors such as purpose, geographic scope, thematic, map scale… and therefore it remains one of the challenging issues in Cartography. This paper discusses the constraint parameters and process of cartographic generalization from map data at 1:2000 to map data at smaller scale such as 1:5.000, 1:10.000, 1:25.000, 1:50.000 and 1:100.000. These constraint parameters are indentified by applying cartographic principles and using experimental procedures with generalization toolset in ArcGIS 10. Defined constraint parameters are then put in cartographic generalization for base maps of Ho Chi Minh City in order to verify their rationalities.Research result shows that, using right parameters and GIS cartographic generalization tools could provide good way to generalize and create base map products fast, efficient and reasonable. It also provides useful information for further research in automated map generalization and in creating multi-scale, multi-purpose map database.

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KAZACHENKO, L., R. CHUBUKIN, and V. KAZACHENKO. "GIS-technologies in the creation of planned geodesic basics for developing a general plan of a population." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 42, no. II (September 1, 2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-2-42-67-75.

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Purpose. The application of geodetic measuring systems and geodetic software in creating a planned geodetic basis for establishing the boundaries of the settlement or expanding its boundaries requires a modern cartographic basis in digital form and created a master plan. Methodology. This is achieved through geodetic measurements and computer processing of their results. GIS technologies and remote sensing in this case help to solve the problem quickly, accurately, efficiently and with the least time and money. Old cartographic materials, according to which geodetic surveys were carried out and which served as a basis for obsolete, do not meet modern requirements for the creation of cartographic products. Therefore, there is a need to update cartographic materials in new digital formats and enter in the created database of the State Land and Urban Cadastre, ie to fill the state cadastral system with information layers. The created information layers of the Public cadastral map and the Digitals software simplify the solution of problems of geodesy, cartography and land management. Entering information into the databases of the State Geocadastre and Urban Cadastre requires the creation of modern digital cartographic materials and electronic documents. DBNs adopted in Ukraine dictate certain requirements for the creation and design of appropriate cartographic materials for the development of Master Plans of settlements. Results. Geodetic surveys were performed on the research territory by electronic measuring systems and the results of measurements in the software were processed. The constructed plan-height substantiation of the territory of the settlement made it possible to create a digital map (model) of the area – CMM in a very short time. Scientific novelty. Such Digital maps are the basis for the creation of various cartographic materials in electronic form and can serve various purposes of the national economy. Such digital maps with the help of GIS technologies can be the filling of electronic resources of different industries and serve to fill different types of information about certain objects, phenomena, ie to monitor the land. Practical significance. The result of the study was the creation of a digital map of the settlement and entry in the databases of the State Land and Urban Cadastre information about the boundaries and structure by developing appropriate urban and land management documentation.

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Sebastian, Meier. "The Marker Cluster." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2016010102.

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The growing amount of gathered, stored and available data is creating a need for useful mass-data visualizations in many domains. The mapping of large spatial data sets is not only of interest for experts anymore, but, with regard to the latest advances in web cartography, also moves into the domain of public cartographic applications. One interactive web-based cartographic interface design pattern that helps with visualizing and interacting with large, high density data sets is the marker cluster; a functionality already in use in many web-based products and solutions. In this article, the author will present their ongoing research on the problem of “too many markers.” They will present an empirical evaluation and comparison of marker cluster techniques and similar approaches, including heatmaps and tiled heatmaps. They conclude with a first concept for overcoming some of the obstacles that they were able to identify in their study and thereby introduce a new direction for further research.

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Lisitsky, Dmitry, and Elena Komissarova. "A new analog-to-digital method for forming and using of cartographic visualization of the geo-space with the use of multimedia means." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 1 (2020): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-361-374.

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The article discusses the development directions of cartographic methods to provide users with geoinformation using modern digital devices. Explains the need to review the substantive essence, the system of symbols, use, information content and the peculiarity of the perception of cartographic information by users. A new method of cartographic support of the needs of the economy and society, which is based on a combination of the capabilities of analog traditional maps, mobile and multimedia cartography, is substantiated and proposed. Various ways of increasing the volume of cartographic information using traditional maps with special markers on them, multimedia files and mobile devices, introducing an interactive mode of working with a map, and also taking into account the peculiarities of the perception of digital mobile maps are considered. The authors proposed option for combining sources of geoinformation to increase the information capacity of a map by combining a traditional map and a set of markers that either store the necessary information in encoded form or represent a link to external sources. We analyzed the features of QR codes and highlighted the basic possibilities of using them when creating a new type of interactive map, and also performed statistical studies of this option regarding a quantitative increase in the amount of stored information. Five methods of creating sources of geospatial information and using it interactively, including in the field and in the absence of communication for the transmission of digital data, are proposed and a summary table of the advantages and disadvantages of the methods of analog-to-digital representation of spatial information is compiled. The results of experimental work are presented, including samples of new types of maps compiled.

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Zanin, Christine, and Ronan Ysebaert. "Map templates in a European Research program: emerging consensus, without compromising cartographic innovation." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-126-2018.

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Maps are produced to represent geography and spatial organization of natural or human features. They deliver spatial forms where each graphic object have its influence and can change the perceived message. The cartographic realization participates to the geographical analyzes and helps their memorization. Adding innovation to this achievement ensures a perception and understanding of the scientific information delivered. The question is to understand what innovation is, when we speak about cartography. The underpinnings of the design and delivery of these representations are surely linked to developments in theory and technology applied to the geosciences, but not only. The purpose of this paper is to offer some ideas on the influence of an institutional framework on innovation and the relevance of a cartographic realization. Based on the example of the cartographic models construction in the framework of the research projects financed by the ESPON (European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion) Programme, we try to show how a framework that is too strict and fixed upstream of cartographic design can lead to a homogeneous and stereotyped production, without innovation or simply cartographic originality. In conclusion, we show how a close negotiation between funders and cartographers can help to evolve the cartographic scheme in place. Several proposals are put forward.

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NAZARENKO, Tetiana, Oleh TOPUZOV, Olena CHASNIKOVA, and Iryna DUBROVINA. "Role of geography teacher in forming the pupils’ cartographic competence." Prace i Studia Geograficzne 66, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2021-66.2-03.

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Cartographiccompetence has been determined as a very important one in the list of subject geographical competencies recorded in the State Standard of Secondary Basic Education of Ukraine. Since a geographic map is a system of landmarks with specific information based on field studies, aerial photographs and satellite images, and other cartographic sources, statistics and literature, the task of a geography teacher is to instil in pupils the necessary skills, which will result in cartographic competencies. Since it is impossible to study geography without a geographic map as a forming factor for spatial thinking, the authors of the article conducted an empirical research. The research and comparative analysis were conducted among the pupils, their parents and geography teachers in order to identify their cartographic knowledge, concepts and cartographic skills of the pupils. The aim of the article was to determine the role of the geography teacher as a consultant who forms the cartographic competence, the content of which consists of cartographic knowledge and map reading skills. The objectives of the paper includes evaluation of the pupils’ levels of cartographic competence, and determination of the correlation between the levels of the pupils’ cartographic competence and factors influencing its development. The theoretical analysis and empirical study resulted in developing the updated methodology for working with the maps on geography classes, and determining the role of a teacher who guarantees the formation of subject competence in cartography among pupils with the use of proper and relevant methodological instruments for teaching pupils’ cartographic competence. The results of the correlations that we received highlighted the important role of a geography teacher in forming the average and high level of the pupils’ cartographic competence.

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Dobesova, Zdena. "DATABASE MODELLING IN CARTOGRAPHY FOR THE “ATLAS OF ELECTION”." Geodesy and Cartography 38, no. 1 (April 12, 2012): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2012.679768.

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Today maps are prepared in Geographic Information Systems (GIS software) and based on data stored in a database. In the stage of the conceptual database design, the graphic editor of a database model is recommended. The structure of data is often under the influence of the cartographic requests. For example, new data may be added only for visualization purposes. All database structures for a base data and a cartographical data can be defined in a conceptual database model before creation of a physical database model. Database modelling is demonstrated in ArcGIS Diagrammer software in this article. Design of a cartographic database model for the book “Atlas of Election to the Olomouc Region Council” is used as an example. Moreover, steps of a model creation, detail structure and relationships in the model are also mentioned. The cartographical database model of the “Atlas of Election” illustrates cartographical influence to the database structure.

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Parlavecchia, Marco, Simone Pascuzzi, Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis, Francesco Santoro, and Giuseppe Ruggiero. "Use of GIS to Evaluate Minor Rural Buildings Distribution Compared to the Communication Routes in a Part of the Apulian Territory (Southern Italy)." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 4700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174700.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between minor rural buildings and the most relevant communication routes of the regional area made up of six municipalities which, until 2016, formed the Local Action Group Sud Est Barese (LAG SEB): Acquaviva delle Fonti, Casamassima, Conversano, Mola di Bari, and Noicattaro e Rutigliano (Apulia, Italy). Information on the territorial distribution and typological classification of buildings was obtained by the official cartography of Military Geographic Institute (IGM, 1:25,000) and the Regional Technical Map (CTR, 1:5000) using the Geographic Information System (GIS) software ArcMap ArcGis 10.1. IGM cartography was chosen due to the greater amount of information pertaining to typological classification as well as to toponymy identification. CTR cartography, used as a second cartographic source, has been useful for acquiring more up-to-date territorial information compared to the IGM, in particular concerning the infrastructures of the territory. Moreover, the use of the CTR has allowed us to verify whether buildings listed on IGM cartography still exist. The cartographic calculations have allowed us to investigate possible relationships between the typology and distribution of rural buildings and the network of public roads and urban centers. The study of the connection between building types, roads and urban centers has allowed us to better understand the spatial distribution criteria, thus acquiring useful information to outline intervention policies, the implementation of which would be used to attempt to recover and improve building structures.

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Utrobina, Elena S., Irina P. Kokorina, Lyudmila K. Radchenko, and Tatyana S. Molokina. "PERCEPTION OF CARTOGRAPHIC IMAGES AND GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION ON MAPS AND MOBILE DEVICES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-1-2-96-102.

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The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the perception of cartographic images and geospatial information on traditional maps and mobile devices. Cartographic visualization can be considered as interactive construction of virtual (static, dynamic) cartographic images and their perception. The main properties of perception include: objectivity, integrity, structurality, meaningfulness, constancy, apperception, activity. Some other properties of perception are distinguished as sequence, memorability, correlation, reaction to movement. The article analyzes and generalizes the properties of perception. The study of the properties of perception from the position of visual perception of these properties on traditional maps and mobile devices. The same properties of perception of cartographic image and geospatial information on maps and mobile devices reveal themselves differently. This must be taken into account when developing cartographic applications in order to better adapt them to the specifics of user perception.

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Kennedy, R. Gordon. "Problems of Cartographic Design in Geographic Information Systems for Transportation." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 32 (March 1, 1999): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp32.627.

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Geographic information systems for transportation (GIS-T) seek to integrate the geospatial approach of GIS and the tabular approach of conventional transportation analysis. GIS-T deals with such topics as network analysis, linear reference systems, travel demand modeling, and intelligent transportation systems. Conventional cartographic treatment of route features is reviewed in the context of the mapping challenges introduced by GIS-T. Problems in the visualization of complex linear data are identified and examined as cartographic design issues. Cartographic requirements are specified for mapping route-based data and basic design issues are identified. The representation of complex route-based data layers is posed as an undeveloped specialty of cartographic design. Some of the issues involved in developing such fundamental principles are summarized and potential avenues of research are suggested.

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Fairbairn, David. "Contemporary challenges in cartographic education." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-72-2019.

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Abstract. This paper is focussed on the work and remit of the ICA’s Commission on Education and Training (CET), presenting a reflection by the retiring chair of the current issues which affect the work of Commission members and all engaged in current education and training of students of cartography around the world. The nature and development of cartography as an academic and professional discipline has been discussed through many presentations, both conceptual and applied, and in various arenas and communities, over the past half century. As cartographic practice became standardised in the 20th century, so educational and instructional materials describing and analysing the discipline conveyed a relatively uniform message, ensuring that the audience of learners were educated and trained positively to an agreed agenda. In effect, a subtle, as yet unwritten, ‘Body of Knowledge’ was developed and elucidated in educational materials, notably textbooks on cartography, in the last few decades of the last century (Kessler, 2018). It was during these years, however, that cartography developed as a discipline far beyond its initial roots as a map-making technology. The technology of map-making certainly changed completely, and a host of other aspects were incorporated, from metrical analysis of historical map documents to gender-oriented investigations of mapping activity; from the integration and importance of cartography in contemporary geospatial data handling to the role of volunteer map-making; from the psychology of map interaction and decision making to the mathematics of map projections and multi-dimensional data representation; and many, many other activities and issues which must be included in educational programmes in cartography. It is the establishment, adoption and maintenance of a Body of Knowledge (BoK) which is one of the main challenges (this paper presents 11, in bold below) and, if successfully met, it can assist in ensuring that cartographic education and training develops as required in the next few decades (Fairbairn, 2017). The further challenges highlighted in this paper can form the basis for further investigation by the CET in the future. This listing of issues is informed by a number of contemporary changes in technology, by closer integration of cartography with other geospatial sciences, by research achievements and investigations in the field, by advances in educational praxis, by demands on cartography by a host of other activities, and by consequent recognition of the discipline by learned and professional bodies. One of the main purposes in developing a Body of Knowledge is to encompass and facilitate curriculum design. As the widening scope of cartography will be reflected in the developing BoK (most notably in cartography’s contribution to GIS), curriculum design must be flexible and innovative enough to cope with more numerous and wider, though focussed and integrated, topics. The admirable, existing BoK in Geographic Information Science and Technology, already being reviewed and enhanced, but omitting many specific cartographic principles, is a possible framework for incorporating these. Alternatively there are sound arguments for a uniquely cartographic BoK, and this enterprise is certainly an ICA-approved pursuit. Also within the BoK, the theoretical foundations for the study of cartography must be elucidated and moved from the research agenda to the educational curriculum. A revised Research Agenda developed under ICA auspices and a focussed Body of Knowledge are synergistic documents, with interdependent content in one directing content in the other. Such documents may be perceived by many to be overly conceptual, un-related to everyday mapping activity. In terms of cartographic production in the past 50 years, we have moved far from the standardised methods mentioned earlier, applied by every commercial and governmental mapping organisation. The activity of map-making has adopted a host of alternative methods, and artefacts, data-sets and representations are created and ‘mashed-up’ by an increasingly wide range of individuals and groups with highly variable experiences, expertise and understanding of cartographic procedures. In terms of ‘organised’ cartography in multi-employee companies, government and non-government agencies, academic and research groups, and associated industrial and environmental companies, a further challenge is understanding what employers want from graduates in cartography and GIS. The delivery of education in cartography is an academic activity, but it must be done in a manner which demonstrates relevance to the community which relies on the skills of an educated workforce. In some cases the cartographic community, notably its educators, may have to direct their attention outside the classroom and convince the fragmenting industry that cartographic principles are vital for effective management and communication of information, and that the products of cartographic education (the graduates from educational programmes) are serious and informed potential employees with much to offer a wide range of human activity. Such recognition by those outside the academy can be encouraged by seeking and receiving professional accreditation from awarding bodies such as industry associations, learned societies, educational authorities and public bodies. The landscape of professional recognition in the disciplines of cartography and GIS is highly varied, geographically, institutionally, legally, and pedagogically. The fluid nature of the disciplines, and in particular their fuzzy distinction from a host of other geomatics, geospatial, engineering, environmental, and social activities means that cartographic education must acknowledge and address its interaction with education in many other sciences. Linking cartographic education and its principles with related education in other closely related geo-disciplines is particularly important. Common messages must be presented stressing cartography’s importance and relevance. At the possible wider levels mentioned above, experiences and lessons learned from teaching cartography and GIS to a broad range of non-specialists must be documented: cartographic principles must be shown to be important and relevant to all those engaged in handling maps and mapping data. Stressing the importance of such principles is especially vital when education is done at a distance: the Commission has long been interested in those activities which develop on-line educational resources and look at innovative ways of delivering education widely to large audiences outside formal educational establishments. We already have reports on mature and effective resources in the form of MOOCs, distance learning courses, and online training modules (e.g. Robinson and Nelson, 2015). Such methods of delivery for cartographic education have proven popular and efficient: educators must ensure continued relevance, update, and diligence, in managing these activities. In addition to content development and assessment frameworks, it is technical requirements which are often perceived as major blocks to effective use of in-line educational resources. Technical support requirements are critical in every form of cartographic education: in the past replication of map reproduction labs was prohibitive for most educational establishments; today it is the acquisition of a full range of software which mitigates against full exposure to the varied range of cartographic and geospatial data handling activity as practised in the ‘real world’. The generosity of some software providers is widely acknowledged in educational institutions, and many of the software products are generic enough to be able to demonstrate the required cartographic principles in a non-partisan manner. However, in many cases employers are seeking specific training skills in particular packages and this can be difficult to provide within a formal educational programme. Recent additions to the ‘wish-list’ of employers, however, have been related to abilities in coding and computer programming. Luckily, the most commonly sought skill is ability to write code in Python or Javascript. These are open source, rather than a commercial, products, and hence can be acquired by any educational establishment. The use of open source software and datasets in geospatial and cartographic education is becoming increasingly important, and their effective integration with traditional (and indeed contemporary) curricula in cartographic education is clearly a further challenge. This paper has outlined a number of challenges facing cartographic education. Like the wider discipline, education in cartography is delivered by capable and dedicated individuals, each with interests in the development of the discipline in an increasingly diverse and varied educational arena. The Commission is intent on addressing the challenges outlined, promoting effective and high-quality cartographic education.

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V.O., PETRUKHIN, and SKVORTSOV S.A. "Application of Geo-Information Technologies in Information and Analytical Support for the Implementation of the Сity Program "My District"." Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo, no. 11 (2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-11-43-49.

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The article sets out the goals and objectives of the City Program “My District”, which provides for a significant improvement in the quality of life of citizens and the formation of equal development conditions for all districts of the city, taking into account the suggestions and wishes of local residents. The program is a flexible individual plan for each district, the implementation of which will ensure equal opportunities to receive quality health services, education and social services, leisure activities and a healthy lifestyle. To implement the tasks set, targeted, systematic information and analytical activities are necessary. Successful coordination of the implementation of improvement programs and operative solution of problems at all stages are possible only if the information base is prepared for making optimal management decisions. The use of modern information technologies, including geo-information technologies, makes it possible to ensure high quality of analytical and presentation materials created. The methodology for organization of work on the preparation of cartographic materials using geo-information technologies is shown: MapInfo software for processing and storing geographical information, GeoServer mapping software for publishing and managing geo-data in order to optimize the time spent, “Geo-bookmarks” utilities for automating the publication of cartographic and attribute information. Keywords: urban environment development, “My District” program, comfortable environment, landscaping, cartography, database, geo-information system, MapInfo, GeoServer, information-analytical materials.

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Fissore, F., and F. Pirotti. "MIGRATION OF DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY TO CITYGML; A WEB-BASED TOOL FOR SUPPORTING SIMPLE ETL PROCEDURES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-193-2018.

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Abstract. Digital cartography is notably produced in all countries, in different scales and formats. Latest cartographic production aims at creating 3D objects with topological consistency and rich information linked by attribute tables, i.e. the principles behind data to be managed in geographic information systems (GIS) environments. These data contain all the information necessary for production of the first levels of detail (LOD) of the CityGML model. The work presented reports on the first steps for a guided workflow to upload cartographic data containing building footprints, heights and other information, and migrating it to a validated CityGML model. The steps include a web-portal for uploading the data in a compressed archive containing shapefiles, and a back-end Python script that reads coordinate vertices, attributes and other necessary information, and creates a CityGML file. The process was tested on the Italian topographic geodatabase of some of the main cities of Italy. Discussion on workflow steps and results are presented. Results show that this process is feasible and it can be used to facilitate first tests on transforming existing cartography to CityGML models, which can be then used for further analysis.

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Landek, Ivan, Saša Cvitković, and Milan Rezo. "Proposed changes to the CROTIS topographic model for the basic package and the object entity of hydrography." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 1 (March 23, 2019): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20190114182836.

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In 1992, the State Geodetic Administration started with the development of cartography in the Republic of Croatia. After making a certain number of studies, STOKIS (the Official Topographic-Cartographic Information System) was defined. Topographic and cartographic data models were then defined by STOKIS. According to the STOKIS guidelines, the Croatian topographic information system (CROTIS) was developed as a data model and on the basis of CROTIS, the Basic Topographic Database (TTB) was established. One thematic entity contained in CROTIS 2.0, and whose data is often used, is the object entity of Hydrography. This article will provide an insight into the need to expand/correct the TTB data model in relation to the underlying basic package and the object entity of Hydrography, all in line with international standards and the INSPIRE directive.

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Nieścioruk, Kamil. "Like it! Maps as a Subject and a Springboard for discussion in social media." Polish Cartographical Review 52, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcr-2020-0005.

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AbstractIn the modern world of mass information being reduced to colourful images, maps have the chance to become a medium that transmits important information in an attractive format. Due to time pressure, many cartographic publications that have a short life span on the internet contain a lot of methodological errors. Viewers receive an image that is hard to interpret, incomplete or even incorrect. The author aims to summarize and classify the cartographic content of social media, while bearing methodology, the role of the cartographer and users’ reactions to that content in mind. The springboard to online discussion is mainly a map topic. Their design or methodology is of little interest in most cases. This may be due to insufficient knowledge of how forms (their correctness and quality) shape messages. Hence the role of the cartographer is important, what can be seen – among methodological remarks – as one of conclusions. It seems that map-makers are becoming more expert, and are guiding map lovers and amateur cartographers towards creating good, effective and elegant maps.

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Chen, Yebin, Ding Ma, Shen Ying, Renzhong Guo, Zhigang Zhao, and Zhilin Li. "A Framework of Pan-maps: facilitating a unification of Maps and Map-likes." Proceedings of the ICA 4 (December 3, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-4-20-2021.

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Abstract. Several new forms of maps and map-likes visualization have emerged owing to the advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). However, the current cartographic theories are insufficient to guide and support the applications of these new forms of maps and map-likes visualization. Specifically, these forms overstep the cartographic framework and challenge the cartographic theory. In this study, we term these new geovisualisation forms as Pan-maps, thereby proposing a framework to visualize Pan-maps based on time, space, attribute, and user variables. These variables can be divided into basic and compound variables, and a hierarchy among basic and compound variables using their interrelated composition relationships is established. Furthermore, we taken AR map as case study to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The proposed framework is anticipated to provide theoretical and practical support for Pan-maps design and promote cartography development in the ICT era.

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Cahyono, Ari, Bowo Susilo, and Niken Wirasanti. "A preliminary study of geographical names research: Review of cartography education & research in Indonesia." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-34-2019.

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Abstract. Geographical names research could be used to reveal the condition of the landscape. Many studies in the geographical names are arranged geographically, surveying geographical names in an area by compiling and analyzing historical spelling sequences to build the origin of etymological geographical names. The geographical names is inherent in human life from birth to death. The trend of geographical names research influenced by cartographic education. This paper aims to review cartographic education in Indonesia in order to reveal how geographical names research influenced by cartographic education. We reviewed many universities that held cartographic, geography, and geospatial education. A paper of geographical names research and cartographic research in Indonesia also examined. We concluded that cartographic education in Indonesia mixed in geography and geomatic study. The development of cartographic courses in universities influences the interest in geographical names study. Based on articles examined, the study of it in Indonesia is dominated by linguistics discipline. They used qualitative methods in their research. Though some of the articles based on the geographical perspective. On the other hand, the trend of geospatial research tends to the technological aspect rather than the concept of cartography. Thus geographical names research is rarely involved. However, with the implementation of geospatial information laws, One Map Policy, and government regulations regarding the geographical names would facilitate the rising of geographical names research. Several universities also opened a new study programme relate to the geospatial field.

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Pearce, Margaret W. "The North American Cartographic Information Society (NACIS)." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 38, no. 3 (January 2011): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/15230406382346.

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Tsukamoto, Mitsuru. "Cartographic Information Processing System Using Verbal Representation." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 114, no. 2 (1994): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.114.2_233.

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Anderson, John M. "The Louisiana State University Cartographic Information Center." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 29 (March 1, 1998): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp29.679.

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Akinyemi, Felicia O., Monika Sester, and Olayinka Y. Balogun. "Communicating Information for Development: A Cartographic Approach." Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries 53, no. 1 (August 2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2012.tb00379.x.

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Robb, Margaret C. "CARTRIPS – A Cartographic Route Information Presentation System." Cartographic Journal 24, no. 1 (June 1987): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/caj.1987.24.1.42.

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Żyszkowska, Wiesława. "Map perception: theories and research in the second half of the twentieth century." Polish Cartographical Review 47, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcr-2015-0017.

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Abstract Until the 1990s map perception research was one of the main parts of cartography as a scientific discipline. In the last years of the century map perception research fell out of favor as cartographers turned their attention to the new computer technology. In the first decade of the 21th century the problems of map perception became more frequent in cartographic journals. The article recaps the main problems, theories and research conducted in the twentieth century. The main concepts connected with map perception are discussed: use, utilization, reception and interpretation. These terms are used differently in different research orientations. The author assumes that the terms: reception, reading and perception are unambiguous and perception should be treated as a complex of active and highly interactive processes, leading to identification and understanding of the visible image. The relation of perception research with theory of cartography are presented in three stages of development of the research. In the first, intuitive stage, very important role played eminent cartographers Max Eckert and Karl Peucker, who appreciated the role of human perception in cartography. The second stage began with the research initiated by A.H. Robinson in the 1950s. In the stage perceptual research contributed to the physical aspects of cartographic signs and the psychophysical orientation emerged. Perception has been accepted as an element of cartographic communication theory, modeling theory and cartographic semiotics. The third stage of perceptual research emerged as a result of criticism of empirical research effects. Cartographers turned to methods and theories of cognitive psychology and cognitive orientation was a main paradigm of the research. Perception is perceived as one of the elements of the human cognitive system and considered in the context of higher lever cognitive processes, participating in cartographic information processing. Two methodological approaches can be set apart: theoretical and experimental. In the theoretical approach the processing succession is considered and some models of cartographic processing models were presented. The first decade of the 21st century opens a new stage of perceptual research. It can be named cognitive-digital as the research is based on computer software and is concentrated on cognitive aspects of map perception.

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Utrobina, Elena, Irina Kokorina, Lyudmila Radchenko, and Tatyana Molokina. "Extension of functions of cartographic images for transmission of geospatial information on mobile devices." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 1 (2020): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-489-502.

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The article is devoted to the issue of expanding the functions of cartographic images for transmitting geospatial information using mobile devices. It discusses the functions of mobile mapping applications. Based on the classification of the main types of perception, a study was conducted on the correlation of user-accepted geospatial information with the means of its transmission. Since modern mobile technologies make it possible to obtain cartographic information with the help of visual, auditory, tactile perception, and also make it possible to sense space, movement and time, the map in combination with these types of perception becomes more intuitive. Actual in the visualization of the cartographic image on the screen of the mobile device is the question of exploring the user interface and displaying the contents of the map at different scale levels. In this regard, the requirements for interfaces are generalized, the principles necessary for the development of the interface of cartographic applications are formulated and presented, based on the condition: “Conditional sign — interface element”. The proposed principles can be divided into three groups: principles that define the general issues of building the interface of mobile cartographic applications, their structure as a whole and user interaction; principles governing the design of the interface of mobile cartographic applications; principles governing the development of mobile cartographic applications, taking into account the features of their use and new technical capabilities. Using the example of level-by-level compilation of elements of navigation charts, a conclusion is drawn on the correspondence between the display of spatial information on a mobile device and the user's perception of reality. Generalized features of cartographic image visualization in mobile devices, such as: intuitive readability, map adaptability, generalization by motion factor, multiscale and multimedia.

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Alves, Cristiano Nunes. "Buscando alternativas cartográficas: uma metodologia de subversão do sistema de informação geográfica." RUA 22, no. 1 (June 16, 2016): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rua.v22i1.8646072.

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Parte da construção de uma geografia renovada, amparada numa metodologia de pesquisa maleável, indaga sobre as possibilidades de subverter as funções técnicas do sistema de informação geográfica (SIG), utilizando-se de suas bases cartográficas, todavia, buscando uma produção alternativa ao sugestionado por meio de softwares de mapeamento. Para tanto, a proposta metodológica aqui apresentada, conduz a uma produção cartográfica subsidiada por programas gratuitamente disponíveis e de fácil manipulação, tais quais: Google Earth, editores de slides e editores de figuras. Procura-se, desse modo, conferir autonomia a geógrafos e demais pesquisadores, buscando contribuir para a discussão acerca da produção de cartografias mais flexíveis, menos ancoradas nas certezas que apenas o espaço euclidiano pode abrigar.Abstract: Part of building a renewed geography, supported in a flexible methodology research, we ask for possibilities to subvert the technical functions of geographic information system (GIS), using their cartographic databases, although, looking for an alternative way to the cartographic production that is usually induced by the standard of mapping software’s. Due this, the methodology introduced in this article comes to subsidize a cartographic production by the use of programs that have free access and are easy to handle, as such: Google Earth, editor of figures and editor of slides. Therewith we intend empower geographers and other researchers expecting that this proposal contribute to the discussion about producing a flexible cartography, less rooted in the certainty that only the Euclidean space can shelter.Keywords: medium-technical-scientific-informational; cartography; alternative methodology; geographic information system.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cartographic information'

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