Dissertations / Theses: 'Cartography and GIS'

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King, H. Peter. "Historical local knowledge and cartography within GIS Kaua'i, Hawai'i /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464444.

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Pham, Thi thu ha. "Amélioration de la représentation cartographique des phénomènes urbains." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1229/document.

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Plus de la moitié de la population mondiale vit de nos jours dans les villes. Cette proportion s'élève à 77.5% en France. La densité importante de la population urbaine provoque plusieurs problèmes environnementaux tels que les bruits, les canicules urbaines, les pollutions chimiques ou la pollution magnétique. Dans une ville, les habitants pourraient obtenir des informations sur ces phénomènes grâce aux infrastructures informatiques et au partage de l'information entre services techniques et citoyens. Si l'un des objectifs des villes intelligentes est d'améliorer la gestion des ressources - comme l'eau et l'électricité - un autre est de pouvoir contrôler jour après jour ce qui se passe dans la ville au niveau du climat et des pollutions en collectant des informations locales et en les affichant sur un portail public. Mais ces informations, généralement transmises sous forme de graphiques ou de cartes, ne sont pas faciles à interpréter. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des solutions pour améliorer la représentation cartographique de phénomènes urbains dans leur contexte géographique afin que celle-ci soit facile à comprendre aussi bien pour les services techniques, que pour le grand public non spécialistes de ces phénomènes.Afin de faciliter la perception d’une carte de phénomène, nous proposons une représentation à différents niveaux de détail, une variété de choix de l’espace cartographique ; des symboles simples et adaptifs au phénomène et une identification automatique de zones particulières. Pour les niveaux de détail, nous adaptons la densité graphique aux différents niveaux de détail (optimisation préparatoire dans la base de données) et à l’échelle courante de visualisation (optimisation dynamique et interactive avec l’utilisateur). Pour le choix de l’espace cartographique, un phénomène peut être représenté sur l’ensemble de bâtiments, sur les rues ou sur une structure de géométrie quelconque saisie par l’utilisateur. Enfin pour l’identification automatique de zones particulières, nous identifions les valeurs extrêmes, dépassant le seuil de dangerosité ou les zones de forte dispersion de valeur importante, pour permettre à l’utilisateur de les localiser rapidement. Nous avons proposé aussi d’ajouter le concept de l’observateur et d’adapter la visualisation selon la position de l’observateur afin de diminuer la superposition entre les présentations 3D de différents niveaux de hauteur d’un phénomène, lorsqu’il varie en fonction de l’altitude (et qu’on dispose de ces données)
More than half of the world's population now lives in cities. This proportion is 77.5% in France. The high density of the urban population causes several environmental problems such as noise, urban heat waves, chemical pollution or magnetic pollution. In a city, the inhabitants could get all the information by the computer infrastructures and the information sharing between the citizens themselves. If one of the objectives of smart cities is to improve the management of resources - such as water and electricity - another is to be able to control day by day what is happening in the city in terms of climate and pollution by collecting local information and mapping it in the public portal of cartography. Although the link between civic services, the interactions between people and government institutions is very important, the concerned information, usually represented by graphics or maps, is not easy to for all people to understand and to interpret. Thus the objective of this thesis is to propose solutions to improve the representation of urban phenomena with their geographical context and at different levels of detail so that it becomes easy to understand for the general public.In order to facilitate the perception of a phenomenon map, we propose a representation at different levels of detail, from the most general to the most detailed and to adapt the graphic density to the level of detail (preparatory optimization in the database) and to the current visualization scale (dynamic and interactive optimization with the user); a various choices of the cartographic space, for example a phenomenon may be represented on the set of buildings or streets, or on any structure of geometry chosen by the user; simple and adaptive symbols to the phenomenon; and an automatic identification of particular zones: with extreme values, exceeding the threshold of dangerousness or with a large dispersion, this allows the user to quickly locate areas of interest throughout the visualization. We also proposed to add the concept of observer and adapt the visualization according to the position of the observer in order to reduce the superposition between the 3D presentations of different levels of height of a phenomenon, when it varies according to of the altitude (and that these data are available)

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Brundage, Robert. "Implementing an archival GIS template utilizing ARCMAP GIS software and the personal geodatabase a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of master of science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2006. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/BrundageRobert/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2006.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on February 13, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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VanHorn, Jason Eugene. "Geovisualizing terror the geography of terrorism threat in the United States /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186577047.

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Abdul-Rahman, Alias. "The design and implementation of a two and three-dimensional triangular irregular network based GIS." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4069/.

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It has been realised in the GIS community that most 2D GISs are capable of handling 2D spatial data efficiently, but systems have had less success with 3D spatial data. This is reflected in the current GIS market place where systems which can handle 3D data are hardly available - due to several impediments in implementing such systems. This thesis attempts to address some of the impediments. The impediments which related to spatial data especially data representation, data structuring and data modelling using object-oriented (OO) techniques are the foci of this thesis. OO techniques are utilized because they offer several advantages over the traditional (i.e. structural) techniques in software development. In the aspect of spatial representation, several major representations are investigated, which then lead to identifying an appropriate representation both for 2D and 3D, that is triangular irregular network (TIN) data structures. 2D data is represented by a 2D TIN, and 3D data is represented by a 3D TIN (also called a tetrahedral network or TEN). Several algorithms were developed for the construction of the data structures where procedures such as distance transformation (DT) and Voronoi tessellations were utilized. Besides standard Delaunay triangulations, constrained triangulations were also developed, thus the inclusion of real world objects in the spatial data modelling can be facilitated. Four classes of real world objects are identified (i.e., point, line, surface, and solid objects). For the purpose of spatial data modelling of the four types of objects, a formal data structure (FDS) is utilized.

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Davies, Clare. "Cognitive aspects of work with digital maps." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7328.

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Digital maps of geographic areas are increasingly common in many types of workplace, in education and in the public domain. Their interactivity and visual features, and the complexity of geographic(al) information systems (GIS) which create, edit and manipulate them, create special cognitive demands on the end-user which are not present in traditional cartographic maps or in most human-computer interaction (HCI). This thesis reviews cross-disciplinary literature regarding cognitive aspects of viewing and interacting with digital maps. Data from an observational study of GIS use, including real-time recordings of normal workplace activities, was analysed using various approaches to examine the interactive and visual aspects of people's work. The implications for cartographic, psychological and HeI aspects of GIS are discussed, in the context of the actual tasks people perform with them (rather than the computationally advanced analyses assumed by most literature). The second phase of the research examined the spatial knowledge attained and used during this interaction. The relevance of specific concepts in cognitive psychology, and of factors that create individual differences in cognition, are discussed in depth, alongside work in environmental and educational psychology, cartography and geography. A controlled experiment examined the degree to which task characteristics induce a different spatial model or reference frame when viewing a digital map. It was shown that even novice users can switch between considering the map as an abstract geometric display or as a geographical representation, without affecting performance. However, tasks forcing subjects to focus entirely on the geometry rather than the geography did affect performance in a surprise post-test photograph identification task. Map users' mental model or reference frame is apparently affected by these task constraints; this has implications for GIS design and practice as well as for understanding spatial cognition The study also considered the role of expertise and other individual difference factors, although conclusions were limited by sample size. Further research issues are highlighted, particularly regarding the knowledge structures and spatial language used in interpreting digital maps.

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Luebbering, Candice Rae. "The Cartographic Representation of Language: Understanding language map construction and visualizing language diversity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37543.

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Language maps provide illustrations of linguistic and cultural diversity and distribution, appearing in outlets ranging from textbooks and news articles to websites and wall maps. They are valuable visual aids that accompany discussions of our cultural climate. Despite the prevalent use of language maps as educational tools, little recent research addresses the difficult task of map construction for this fluid cultural characteristic. The display and analysis capabilities of current geographic information systems (GIS) provide a new opportunity for revisiting and challenging the issues of language mapping. In an effort to renew language mapping research and explore the potential of GIS, this dissertation is composed of three studies that collectively present a progressive work on language mapping. The first study summarizes the language mapping literature, addressing the difficulties and limitations of assigning language to space before describing contemporary language mapping projects as well as future research possibilities with current technology. In an effort to identify common language mapping practices, the second study is a map survey documenting the cartographic characteristics of existing language maps. The survey not only consistently categorizes language map symbology, it also captures unique strategies observed for handling locations with linguistic plurality as well as representing language data uncertainty. A new typology of language map symbology is compiled based on the map survey results. Finally, the third study specifically addresses two gaps in the language mapping literature: the issue of visualizing linguistic diversity and the scarcity of GIS applications in language mapping research. The study uses census data for the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Statistical Area to explore visualization possibilities for representing the linguistic diversity. After recreating mapping strategies already in use for showing linguistic diversity, the study applies an existing statistic (a linguistic diversity index) as a new mapping variable to generate a new visualization type: a linguistic diversity surface. The overall goal of this dissertation is to provide the impetus for continued language mapping research and contribute to the understanding and creation of language maps in education, research, politics, and other venues.
Ph. D.

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Merrick, Meg. "Opening Black Boxes and Following Traces: An Exploration of the Coalition for a Livable Future's Regional Equity Atlas Actor-World, 2003-2007." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/298.

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Maps have longed been recognized as instruments of power and persuasion. With the recent proliferation of maps in the media and on the Internet has come an increasing desire among groups advocating for environmental and social change to have access to maps (the product) and mapping (the process) to more effectively promote their agendas. However, this is not as simple as it seems. Far from being neutral conduits of "truth," maps are constructed by a myriad of social interactions among heterogeneous actors (human and technical) that left unacknowledged can lead to an untapped potential of the power of maps. Adopting actor-network theory's (ANT) theoretical framework that accepts nonhuman entities as actors in the social, and its methodological protocols, this study contributes to the needed empirical evidence relating to the ways in which maps and mapping behave and function in society, particularly in the grassroots advocacy context and neighborhood scale, through a case study of the products, and thereby the process, of the Coalition for a Livable Future?s (CLF) Regional Equity Atlas four-year endeavor. The purpose of this study is to account for and expose the complexity of relations among data, technology, people, and organizations that underlie it and the ways in which these relations affected the atlas itself. Four interrelated themes emerge from this study. The first relates to CLF's contribution to equity mapping discourse including its participatory approach to equity mapping, its definition of equity, and the subsequent impacts of both of these things on the mapping process. The second relates more specifically to the contributions of the embedded ideologies that are integral to the GIS software that was used and the roles that they played. The third theme is the importance of process in community-based mapping projects and the recognition that they are social processes in the comprehensive sense that ANT theorists advocate. The fourth theme relates to how maps work, specifically, maps as maps versus the idea of maps.

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McConchie, Alan Lowe. "Mapping mashups : participation, collaboration and critique on the world wide web." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2521.

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“Mashups” are web-based maps that intermix user-created data with information gathered from multiple online sources. As part of the wave of “Web 2.0” technologies, mashups represent a shift toward distributed authoring and sharing of Internet content, complicating traditional modes of knowledge production. Mashups originated in the open source “hacker” movement and are now associated with the term “neogeography,” used to describe the practice of amateur mapmaking online. In this thesis I ask whether mashups facilitate a cartography that is more accessible and democratic, studying the ways in which mashup authors create alternative community or personal cartographies while remaining dependent on existing power structures for data and resources. I illuminate these issues through a series of examples, such as: mashups that render personal memories about places, maps created by activist groups to counter dominant representations of geography by governments or corporations, and websites that facilitate the collaborative creation and sharing of spatial knowledge within community groups. Contrasting these case studies with traditional paper cartography and GIS, as well as the professional online mapping technologies of the Geospatial Web (or GeoWeb), I explore how mashups attempt to represent personal, subjective, overlapping and contradictory perceptions of space and place. While enthusiastic claims about the ability of mashups to wrest mapmaking from state and corporate hands are currently overstated, I conclude that mashups do in fact provide new ways of collaboratively representing space whose implications are still to be determined.

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Nagata, Shimabuku Miriam. "Los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) : una herramienta en la gestión del espacio propuesta a un mapa de aptitud de suelos en la cuenca hidrográfica del Colca." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119350.

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La creciente automatización durante las últimas décadas ha ido invadiendo diversos ámbitos, tanto el científico, como el de la vida cotidiana. Esto no resulta ajeno en las Ciencias Geográficas. El incremento en el volumen y la complejidad de la información medio ambiental ha conducido al uso de las computadoras para el almacenamiento, manipulación y tratamiento de éstos. Entre las aplicaciones geográficas se tienen el empleo de sistemas de gestión de base de datos, aplicaciones estadísticas, la cartografía automatizada y lo más sofisticado se da en los Sistemas de Información Geográfica SIG. Son diversas las áreas y múltiples las aplicaciones de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, así se tiene tanto en el ámbito del estudio del medio ambiente y recursos naturales, como en la Planificación urbana, Catastro, análisis de redes, análisis de mercado y Cartografía temática entre otras. Este documento contiene la experiencia de aplicación de un SIG en el caso concreto de la Micro-región del Colca, Caylloma (Arequipa). Se ha considerado conveniente dividir el presente trabajo en dos partes: l. Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica. 2. Aplicación a un caso concreto: Cuenca hidrográfica del Colca. Recent automatisation of different aspects of scientific knowledge and practical life forain are no to geography. The increment in volume, is well as complexity of environnemental data has favored computer use to keep, manipulate and process information. Among he software sed in geography, we have the data management systems, statistics programmes, automated cartography and the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). They are many ways in the study of physical and human space where the GIS are applicable. This paper shows a sample of GIS application to the Colca basin in Cayllorna, Arequipa. Based on Cartography documents exports and field I have elaborated a general map of soil aptitude.

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Papšys, Kęstutis. "Ekstremalių įvykių rizikos vertinimo kartografinės informacijos sistemos kūrimo metodologija." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130220_160833-72361.

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Disertacijoje aprašoma ekstremalių įvykių vertinimo kartografinės informacinės sistemos kūrimo metodologija. Analizuojamos pasaulyje egzistuojančios kompleksinės rizikos vertinimo sistemos išryškinami jų trūkumai ir privalumai. Atliktos analizės pagrindu sukuriama originali daugeliu duomenų šaltinių pagrįsta kompleksinio rizikos vertinimo metodologija ir aprašoma autoriaus suprojektuota informacinė sistema leidžianti vertinti ekstremalių įvykių grėsmes ir riziką. Sukurta metodologija apima kartografinės informacinės sistemos sudedamųjų dalių kūrimo ir diegimo metodiką. Aprašomi sistemos veikimui reikiamų duomenų tipai, jų surinkimas, ekstremalių įvykių duomenų bazės kaupimo principai, sukuriamas ekstremalių įvykių grėsmių skaičiavimo ir kelių grėsmių apjungimo į vieną sintetinę grėsmę modelis. Aprašomas rizikos ir grėsmės santykis ir rizikos vertinimo metodologija. Disertacijoje taip pat pateikiama visos sistemos, veikiančios Lietuvos geografinės informacijos infrastruktūroje, ir integruotos Lietuvos erdvinės informacijos portale projektas. Sistema išbandyta su Lietuvoje pasiekiamais ir realiai egzistuojančiais erdvinių duomenų rinkiniais. Pateikiami eksperimento metu gauti rezultatai, rodantys padidintų geologinių ir meteorologinių rizikos rajonus Lietuvoje. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos metodologinės ir praktinės išvados apie metodų ir sistemos pritaikymą, patikimumą ir atitikimą standartams.
The thesis describes the methodology of evaluation of extreme events and development of cartographic information system for this purpose. Existing complex risk assessment systems in the world are analysed highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Author proposes original integrated risk assessment methodology based on integration of information from different geographic data sources. A cartographic information system designed by the author allows for the assessment of extreme events threats and risks. The developed methodology includes methodology of cartographic information system component development and deployment. The work describes necessary extreme events data, methods of their collection and database design principles. The created model enables the user to collect the data on extreme hazard events and to aggregate several threats into a single synthetic threat. The concepts of risks and threats and risk assessment methodology are explained. The author introduces project of an information system operating in the Lithuanian Geographic Information Infrastructure and integrated in the Lithuania spatial information portal. The system is tested with several consistent spatial data sets for Lithuania. The thesis presents experimental results that show increased geological and meteorological risk areas in Lithuania. Finally, methodological and practical conclusions about the methods and system customization, reliability and compliance with standards are presented.

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Shea, Geoffrey Yu Kai. "A web-based approach to the integration of diverse data sources for GIS /." Sydney : School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, University of New South Wales, 2001. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20011018.170350/index.html.

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Naß, Andrea. "Konzeption und Implementierung eines GIS-basierten Kartierungssystems für die geowissenschaftliche Planetenforschung." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6529/.

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Die Kartierung planetarer Körper stellt ein wesentliches Mittel der raumfahrtgestützten Exploration der Himmelskörper dar. Aktuell kommen zur Erstellung der planetaren Karten Geo-Informationssysteme (GIS) zum Einsatz. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine GIS-orientierte Prozesskette (Planetary Mapping System (PMS)) zu konzipieren, mit dem Schwerpunkt geologische und geomorphologische Karten planetarer Oberflächen einheitlich durchführen zu können und nachhaltig zugänglich zu machen.
Mapping of planetary bodies has been an important asset in the space-based exploration. The aim of this work is to create a mapping chain (Planetary Mapping System (PMS)) with the focus on geological and geomorphological mapping of planetary surfaces, using Geo-Informationsystems (GIS) and an associated data model. Along with a user-targeted design the PMS has been developed in order to provide means for a homogeneous digital mapping workflow and storage of information that allows comparability of map results and the extraction of new information.

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Bidoshi, Kosta. "Virtual Reality Visualization for Maps of the Future." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1046459366.

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Palem, Srikanth Venkata. "Design and implementation of an Internet based Spatial Decision Support System(SDSS) for Freight Management." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1091799341.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo.
Typescript. "A thesis [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99).

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Varagic, Vlatka. "A GIS framework for streamlining the Nature Refuge Gazettal process." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37272/1/Vlatka_Varagic_Thesis.pdf.

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Nature Refuges encompass the second largest extent of protected area estate in Queensland. Major problems exist in the data capture, map presentation, data quality and integrity of these boundaries. The spatial accuracies/inaccuracies of the Nature Refuge administrative boundaries directly influence the ability to preserve valuable ecosystems by challenging negative environmental impacts on these properties. This research work is about supporting the Nature Refuge Programs efforts to secure Queensland’s natural and cultural values on private land by utilising GIS and its advanced functionalities. The research design organizes and enters Queensland’s Nature Refuge boundaries into a spatial environment. Survey quality data collection techniques such as the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are investigated to capture Nature Refuge boundary information. Using the concepts of map communication GIS Cartography is utilised for the protected area plan design. New spatial datasets are generated facilitating the effectiveness of investigative data analysis. The geodatabase model developed by this study adds rich GIS behaviour providing the capability to store, query, and manipulate geographic information. It provides the ability to leverage data relationships and enforces topological integrity creating savings in customization and productivity. The final phase of the research design incorporates the advanced functions of ArcGIS. These functions facilitate building spatial system models. The geodatabase and process models developed by this research can be easily modified and the data relating to mining can be replaced by other negative environmental impacts affecting the Nature Refuges. Results of the research are presented as graphs and maps providing visual evidence supporting the usefulness of GIS as means for capturing, visualising and enhancing spatial quality and integrity of Nature Refuge boundaries.

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Domaas, Stein Tage. "Structural analyses of features in cultural landscapes based on historical cadastral maps and GIS /." Alnarp : Department of Landscape Planning, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005100.pdf.

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Porter, Catherine Sarah. "Mapping spaces : towards a quantitative methodology for exploring maps and mapping in early modern Ireland, c.1530-1610." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mapping-spaces-towards-a-quantitative-methodology-for-exploring-maps-and-mapping-in-early-modern-ireland-c15301610(5d58fa90-00c1-4a2f-ae67-ff752c07452b).html.

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This thesis assesses the evolution of historic maps of Ireland using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and quantitative approaches. Each of nineteen early modern maps dating to the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries (c.1530 – 1610), a formative period of Irish cartographic history, was analysed to statistically assess the relative positional accuracy of places included on the cartography. Building upon previous studies of analysing cartographic veracity using quantitative approaches, notably Tobler's (1994) bidimensional regression technique, it is the first of its kind to apply these techniques to a series of historic maps. The aim is to test these approaches systematically and critically, compare the statistical techniques, and offer insights into their analytical potential in the history of cartography and historical geography. The thesis also aims to enhance our understanding of the evolution and development of maps and map-making during an age often regarded as revolutionary in scientific cartography in Europe. The study highlighted two main historical and cartographic groups; (I) earlier maps of Ireland created prior to Lythe’s survey cartography in which mapmakers appeared to take a more artistic rather than a ‘measured’ approach to mapping and; (II) maps created subsequent to Lythe’s and of generally higher cartographic precision in illustrating the island's geography. Enduring map ‘errors’ that survived through to the seventeenth century are discussed, and illustrate that the development of maps of Ireland did not progress in a linear fashion. Map lineage was complex, and plagiarism between mapmakers was rife with one map, by Robert Lythe (PHA 9581, c.1571), shown to form the basis for many subsequent maps. The methodology developed in this thesis is a fundamental addition to early map research, by adding to key debates in the history of cartography concerned with how early maps developed and evolved, and providing new insights on Ireland’s early cartography.

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Filho, Alfredo Pereira de Queiroz. "O vôo virtual: metáfora e representação cartográfica tridimensional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-28022011-123044/.

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A proposta deste trabalho é compreender o significado do vôo virtual, avaliar as características envolvidas e buscar rumos que ampliem sua utilidade. O vôo virtual é considerado como uma metáfora do deslocamento aéreo. Por meio de representações computacionais, permite variações seqüenciais de direção e de altitude sobre representações cartográficas tridimensionais. Caracteriza-se como uma interface flexível de apresentação de dados espaciais, que viabiliza a consulta dos seus atributos. O vôo possui um forte apelo visual, que une as características lúdicas dos jogos eletrônicos com o poder de atração das imagens de satélite. Permite o arranjo temático e temporal das informações mapeadas, aumenta as opções de representação (2 e 3D) e oferece uma visão integrada da superfície terrestre horizontal e vertical, proporcionada pelo sistema geocêntrico de coordenadas e pela pirâmide de múltipla resolução, que controla a variação de escala.
This work is prepared for the purposes of understanding the meaning of a virtual flight, to evaluate the characteristics involved and seek new ways to broaden its utility. A virtual flight is considered as a metaphor of air displacement. Through computerized representations, it enables sequential direction and altitude variations over three-dimensional cartographical representations. It is characterized as a flexible spatial data interface, which makes it possible to query its attributes. The flight has strong visual appeal, which combines the ludic characteristics of video games with the power of attraction of satellite images. It enables a thematic and temporal arrangement of mapped information, increases the options of representation (2 and 3D) and offers an integrated view of the land surface horizontal and vertical made possible through the geocentric system of coordinates and the multiple resolution pyramid, which controls the scale variation.

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Hejdström, Aron. "Improving Swedish nature reserve visitor maps with focus on relevance and visual communication." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23709.

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At first glance, the image of a map looks familiar to a graphic designer. It comprisescolours, shapes and typography. But beyond the graphical surface it hides a complex system of techniques and rules, like the clockwork behind a dial. This thesis tries toapproach and improve map production from a starting point in graphic design. Byaddressing visitor maps for nature reserves it aims to make nature more accessibleand appealing to a larger group of people.The main purpose of the thesis is to examine how Swedish nature reserve visitormaps can be improved with focus on relevance for their aims and use and how thisis communicated through the visual presentation. A secondary purpose is to examinehow to produce such maps in a rational way, using digital geographic informationsystems (GIS) and adopted working processes.The research was conducted using a combination of traditional methods and techniques combined with research through design activity. Methods and techniques were gathered from ethnography, action-research and usability-research and include literature studies, interviews, questionnaire surveys, participatory observation, action-research protocols, beta-testing and collection of samples.The design activity resulted in both free-standing sketches and map-sketches forthe Gotlandic nature reserves Langhammars and Stora Karlsö. Two processes and one descriptive structure were developed and described: a process to adopt visual representations of map-information to its contextual relevance, a process to produce nature reserve visitor maps, and a structure to present practical design work in a scientificcontext. Results also comprised collected answers, discussions and samples from questionnaire surveys, participatory observation, interviews and general research.The thesis concludes that it is fruitful to consider the visitor map as “a product made for use” and apply a usability-approach as it is rather an example of visual information than visual communication. Close research of both sender and users is also important to be ableto select, adapt and fine-tune the information in the map in relation to its aims and use.The digital possibilities that enables GIS to provide easy accessible and accurate data can produce efficient workflows in map design if combined with the graphic designers experience to develop and streamline design processes. The combination of modern technology, practical design work and research is profitable in both an analogue and digital context and makes visitor maps a contemporary and interesting area for both researchers and practitioners.

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Harper, Erik. "Open-source technologies in web-based GIS and mapping a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2006. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/HarperErik/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2006.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on January 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Serrano, Elisa. "Understanding the spatial elements at the tuberculosis sanatoria in Sweden: 1887-1942 : Cartography and spatial interpretation through geography information systems (GIS)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448049.

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This project aspires to understand the tuberculosis sanatoria in Sweden from the perspective of their location in space and the interpretation of the characteristics of their landscapes. The study has sorted the areas of analysis in the following categories: [i] distribution, [ii] altitude, [iii] orientation, [iv] proximity to the sea, [v] proximity to lakes or rivers, [vi] proximity to train stations, [vii] proximity to forests, [viii] proximity to towns or hospitals, [ix] proximity to industries. The spatial analysis will rely on observation and on GIS technology. Two different software have been used, Qgis and ArcGis, but mainly the first due to its disposition as free software and therefore available for all and easily accessible. Thereafter, the results of these analyses have been interpreted in the light of hermeneutical philosophy, seeking the understanding of each of the parts before understanding the whole, and interpreting the spatial results in the light of the information about the anti-tuberculosis movement. Tuberculosis sanatoria cannot be interpreted without the support of medical theories existing during tuberculosis crisis' times. Sanatoria spatial interpretation is also executed under the premises of Corner’s essential points across any spatial analysis: [i] the primacy of perception and [ii] the role of tradition. Considering the primacy of perception, some of the buildings and their surroundings have been visited “in situ” or studied through photos and images. This supported the understanding of the spatial elements of the sanatoria. The weight of tradition existing in the sanatoria is strong. The sanatorium’s environment as an element of the treatment for the patient roots in the 19th century and its hygienic theories. This influenced the organic architecture movement that encouraged a return to nature in search of health, fresh air, and well-being during the industrial revolution. The results proved that many Swedish sanatoria aimed to find good environmental conditions that supported the fresh-air treatment, in harmony with the medical theories of the times but also in areas where they were more needed for the working force. They were hardly ever isolated or placed on high altitudes. Supplies like water and heating were generally nearby to provide the sanatoria with the necessary resources, while other needs could be covered by the proximity to train stations or towns. Other sanatoria were placed within cities, in search of better facilities and services, but they gave up the benefits attributed to the clean and fresh air in the patients. This study shows that spatial analysis has achieved a great understanding of Swedish sanatoria from a new perspective never developed in Sweden. It has demonstrated a relationship between the social workforce and health care, and it could have been the start of a strong investment in popular care in Sweden that has not stopped since.

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Hahmann, Stefan. "Automatische Generalisierungsverfahren zur Vereinfachung von Kartenvektordaten unter Berücksichtigung der Topologie und Echtzeitfähigkeit." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-38467.

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Die mapChart GmbH bietet einen Softwaredienst an, der es ermöglicht, auf der Grundlage von teilweise kundenspezifischen Basisgeometrien vektorbasierte Karten zu erstellen. Primäres Ausgabemedium ist dabei die Bildschirmkarte des JAVA-Clients im Webbrowser. PDF-Export und Druck sind ebenso möglich. Bei der Kartenerstellung ist der Anwender nicht an vorgegebene Maßstäbe gebunden, sondern kann frei wählen, welches Gebiet in welcher Größe dargestellt werden soll. Hierdurch ergeben sich komplexe Aufgabenstellungen für die kartografische Generalisierung. Diese Probleme und deren bisherige Lösungen durch das Unternehmen werden im ersten Teil der Arbeit diskutiert, wobei verschiedene wissenschaftliche Arbeiten für spezielle Teilaufgaben der Generalisierung kurz vorgestellt werden. Selektion und Formvereinfachung gelten als die wichtigsten Generalisierungsschritte. Während die Selektion mit den vorhandenen Methoden von Geodatenbanken relativ problemlos realisiert werden kann, stellt die Formvereinfachung ein umfangreiches Problem dar. Das Hauptaugenmerk der Arbeit richtet sich deswegen auf die rechnergestützte Liniengeneralisierung verbunden mit dem Ziel, überflüssige Stützpunkte mit Hilfe von Algorithmen zur Linienvereinfachung einzusparen. Ergebnis sind schnellere Übertragungszeiten der Kartenvektordaten zum Anwender sowie eine Beschleunigung raumbezogener Analysen, wie z. B. Flächenverschneidungen. Des weiteren werden Verbesserungen in der Darstellung angestrebt. Ein geeigneter Algorithmus zeichnet sich durch eine geringe Beanspruchung der Ressourcen Zeit und Speicherbedarf aus. Weiterhin spielt der erreichbare Grad der Verringerung der Stützpunktmenge bei akzeptabler Kartenqualität eine entscheidende Rolle. Nicht zuletzt sind topologische Aspekte und der Implementierungsaufwand zu beachten. Die Arbeit gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über vorhandene Ansätze zur Liniengeneralisierung und leitet aus der Diskussion der Vor- und Nachteile zwei geeignete Algorithmen für die Implementierung mit der Programmiersprache JAVA ab. Die Ergebnisse der Verfahren nach Douglas-Peucker und Visvalingam werden hinsichtlich der Laufzeiten, des Grades der Verringerung der Stützpunktmenge sowie der Qualität der Kartendarstellung verglichen, wobei sich für die Visvalingam-Variante leichte Vorteile ergeben. Eine Parameterkonfiguration für den konkreten Einsatz der Vereinfachungsmethode in das GIS der mapChart GmbH wird vorgeschlagen. Die Vereinfachung von Polygonnetzen stellt eine Erweiterung des Problems der Liniengeneralisierung dar. Hierbei müssen topologische Aspekte beachtet werden, was besonders schwierig ist, wenn die Ausgangsdaten nicht topologisch strukturiert vorliegen. Für diese Aufgabe wurde ein neuer Algorithmus entwickelt und ebenfalls in JAVA implementiert. Die Implementierung dieses Algorithmus und damit erreichbaren Ergebnisse werden anhand von zwei Testdatensätzen vorgestellt, jedoch zeigt sich, dass die wichtige Bedingung der Echtzeitfähigkeit nicht erfüllt wird. Damit ergibt sich, dass der Algorithmus zur Netzvereinfachung nur offline benutzt werden sollte
MapChart GmbH offers a software service, which allows users to create customized, vector-based maps using vendor as well as customer geometric and attributive data. Target delivery media is the on-screen map of the JAVA client within the web browser. PDF export and print are also supported. Map production is not limited to specific scales. The user can choose which area at which scale is shown. This triggers complex tasks for cartographic generalization. Current solutions by the company are discussed and scientific work for selected tasks will be presented shortly. Selection and Simplification are known as the most important steps of generalization. While selection can be managed sufficiently by geo databases, simplification poses considerably problems. The main focus of the thesis is the computational line generalization aiming on reducing the amount of points by simplification. Results are an increased speed of server to client communication and better performance of spatial analysis, such as intersection. Furthermore enhancements for the portrayal of maps are highlighted. An appropriate algorithm minimizes the demands for the resources time and memory. Furthermore the obtainable level of simplification by still producing acceptable map quality plays an important role. Last but not least efforts for the implementation of the algorithm and topology are important. The thesis discusses a broad overview of existing approaches to line simplification. Two appropriate algorithms for the implementation using the programming language JAVA will be proposed. The results of the methods of Visvalingam and Douglas-Peucker will be discussed with regards to performance, level of point reduction and map quality. Recommended parameters for the implementation in the software of MapChart GmbH are derived. The simplification of polygon meshes will be an extension of the line generalization. Topological constraints need to be considered. This task needs a sophisticated approach as the raw data is not stored in a topological structure. For this task a new algorithm was developed. It was also implemented using JAVA. The results of the testing scenario show that the constraint of real-time performance cannot be fulfilled. Hence it is recommended to use the algorithm for the polygon mesh simplification offline only

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Shea, Geoffrey Yu Kai Surveying &amp Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "A Web-Based Approach to the Integration of Diverse Data Sources for GIS." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17855.

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The rigorous developments of GIS over the past decades have enabled application developers to create powerful systems that are used to facilitate the management of spatial data. Unfortunately, each one of these systems is specific to a local service, with little or no interconnection with services in other locales. This makes it virtually impossible to perform dynamic and interactive GIS operations across multiple locales which have similar or dissimilar system configurations. The Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) resolved the problems partially by offering excellent conceptual and logical abstraction model for data exchange. Recent advancements of the Internet enlightened the GIS community as to the realization of an ideal concept of information interchange. A suite of new technologies that embraces Extensible Markup Language (XML), Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), Portable Network Graphics (PNG) and Java creates a powerful and new perspective that can be applied to all phases of online GIS system development. The online GIS is a Web-based approach to integrating diverse spatial data sources for GIS applications. To address the spatial data integration options and implications related to the Web-based approach the investigation was undertaken in 5 phases: (1) Determine the mapping requirements of graphic and non-graphic spatial data for online GIS application; (2) Analyze the requirements of spatial data integration for online environments; (3) Investigate a suitable method for integrating different formats of spatial data; (4) Study the feasibility and applicability of setting up the online GIS; and (5) Develop a prototype for online sharing of teaching resources. Resulting from the critical review on current Internet technology, a conceptual framework for spatial data integration was proposed. This framework was based on the emerging Internet technology on XML, SVG, PNG, and Java. It was comprised of four loosely coupled modules, namely, Application Interface, Presentation, Integrator, and Data module. This loosely coupled framework provides an environment that will be independent of the underlying GIS data structure and makes it easy to change or update the system as a new task or knowledge is acquired. A feasibility study was conducted to test the applicability for the proposed conceptual framework. A detailed user requirements and system specification was thus devised from the feasibility study. These user requirements and system specification provided some guidelines for online GIS application development. They were expressed specifically in terms of six aspects: (1) User; (2) Teaching resources management; (3) Data; (4) Cartography; (5) Functions; and (6) Software development configuration. A prototype system based on some of the devised system specifications was developed. In the prototype software design, the architecture of a Three-Tier Client-Server computing model was adopted. Due to the inadequacy of native support for SVG and PNG in all currently available Web browsers, the prototype was thus implemented in HTML, Java and vendor specific vector format. The prototype demonstrated how teaching resources from a variety of sources and format (including map data and non-map resources) were integrated and shared. The implementation of the prototype revealed that the Web is still an ideal medium for providing wider accessibility of geographical information to a larger number of users through a corporate intranet or the Internet cost-effectively. The investigation concluded that current WWW technology is limited in its capability for spatial data integration and delivering online functionality. However, developing of XML-based GIS data model and graphic standards SVG and PNG for structuring and transferring spatial data on the Internet appear to be providing solutions to the current limitations. It is believed that the ideal world where everyone retrieving spatial information contextually through a Web browser disregarding the information format and location will eventually become true.

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Mohamed, Mohamed Ali. "Entwicklung eines großmaßstäbigen kartographisch- und GIS-gestützten Bewertungsverfahrens für suburbane Böden in Berlin." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16050.

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Der Bodenschutz in städtischen Ballungsräumen wie Berlin hat die Ziele, den Flächenverbrauch zu minimieren und noch vorhandene Bodenfunktionen zu sichern. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist eine Neufassung eines überregional und allgemein anwendbaren großmaßstäbigen Bewertungssystems erforderlich, das die Wiederherstellung von Bodenfunktionen und die Aspekte des vorsorgenden Bodenschutzes in Planungs- und Zulassungsverfahren in Großstädten verstärkt berücksichtigen muss. Um dieses Bewertungssystem für Stadtböden zu entwickeln, werden hier die Bewertungsmethoden von Verfahren in Berlin, Hamburg und München auf ausgewählten Testflächen in der Stadt Berlin angewendet, durch Erstellung der Bodenfunktionskarten bei großmaßstäbigen Bewertung verglichen und unter fachlichen Gesichtspunkten in einer strukturierten Weise im Rahmen des Vergleichs überprüft. Die fachlichen Merkmale von untersuchten Bewertungsmethoden auf der Basis der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und Bewertungsergebnisse werden hergeleitet und das Bewertungsverfahren für Stadtböden mit seinem Inhalt entwickelt. Für die Anpassung dieses vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens an Berliner Böden zu einem räumlichen Planungsfall wird hier eine Methode zur aggregierten Gesamtbewertung dieser Böden hinsichtlich ihrer bewerteten Boden(teil)funktionen erarbeitet. Abschließend lässt sich sagen, dass das vorgeschlagene großmaßstäbige Bewertungsverfahren, das für die Anwendung im großen Maßstabsbereich (>_ 1: 10.000) konzipiert, hinsichtlich der Ergebnisse, die für den Einsatz im Bodenschutz und in der Planungspraxis für Großstädte abgeleitet werden, dem Planungsträger Empfehlungen als „Entscheidungsgrundlage“, insbesondere für planerische Fragestellungen - ob ein Standort mit seinen Böden mehr oder weniger schützenswert ist, liefern kann.
The soil conservation in urban agglomerations such as Berlin aims to minimize the consumption of land and to preserve existing services and functions. It is against this background that a revision of nationwide and commonly applicable large scale evaluation systems is required, which will take greater account of the restoration of soil functions and aspects of preventing soil conservation within planning and approval procedures. In order to develop an evaluation system for soil functioning in urban areas, the valuation methods of different procedures in Berlin, Hamburg and Munich have been practically applied, through the preparation of soil maps for large scale evaluation compared and reviewed with regard to technical aspects in a structured manner in the context of the comparison. The technical characteristics of the assessed evaluation methods are derived based on the knowledge gained from this study and the evaluation system for urban soils is developed in a content oriented manner. A method of overall aggregate assessment of soils relating to their (sub) functions was developed for the adaptation of the proposed procedure to soils of Berlin to a spatial planning purpose. In conclusion, the proposed assessment procedures, which are designed for use on the scale of 1:10,000 or larger, based on the results, which are derived for the application in soil conservation and planning in big cities, serve the purpose of supporting cities and their development bodies as “planning recommendations”, especially for planning issues such as, making a decision, if the soils found at one specific location are of higher conservational value than the soils found at another location.

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MARRONE, VITTORIO ALESSANDRO. "Rilevamento e rappresentazione cartografica della variabilità spaziale dei suoli a differenti scale d'indagine: i casi studio di Monastir e del Foglio 549 Muravera." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/265946.

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The considerable spatial variability of soils makes the possibility of making teoric models of survey and representation difficult. Nowadays, traditional surveys and others using the application of new technologies are still the best way to mark soils in a specific area. One main difference is that with the first methods, (openings of profiles, drillings, chemical analysis) is very expansive to do measurements in all the points of a particular site, and these expenditures are not sustainable by normal research centres and in general by public spending while, with the second methods there is a considerable reduction in prices. In the thesis's work the two different applied methodologies have been faced with different survey scale. In particular: with a very detailed scale the EMI (Induced ElectroMagnetism) technology has been used. This technology has the prerogative of being a forwarding method in mapping pedological variations, without any inconveniences neither to the structure nor to the dynamic character of the soil (Godwin and Miller, 2003; McBratney et al., 2003; Sommer et al., 2003). For the semi-detailed scale the area of Foglio Geologico Italia 549 - Muravera�is been chosen with a scale 1:50.000 Geopedological indications are from many executed profiles (66), and they have been used to value the spatial variability to a little scale and to represent with the Pedolandscape chart, with a scale of 1:50.000. The purpose is the management and visualization of obtained data in a synthetic way, and a geographic information system (GIS) is been predisposed to this.

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Bird, William. "Use of GIS technology in improving medical service delivery by volunteer drivers to VA medical facilities a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of master of science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2010. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/BirdWilliamJ/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2010.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on June 7, 2010) Includes bibliographical references.

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Krüger, Tobias. "Digitale Geländemodelle im Hochwasserschutz: Detektion, Extraktion und Modellierung von Deichen und vereinfachte GIS-basierte Überflutungssimulationen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25018.

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In der Arbeit werden Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Digitalen Geländemodellen (DGM) im Kontext des Hochwasserrisikomanagements aufgezeigt, wobei die Anwendung hochauflösender Laserscandaten im Fokus steht. Zunächst wird die Notwendigkeit der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Hochwassergefahren hervorgehoben. Dies schließt die Betrachtung der Bedeutung von Geodaten (insbesondere DGM) im Hochwasserrisikomanagement ein. Es folgt eine Darstellung der verwendeten Daten, begleitet von einer Zusammenstellung von Methoden zur großflächigen Erfassung des Georeliefs und einer kurzen Einführung in die Hochwassermodellierung. Die wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsziele werden im Kontext eines interdisziplinären Projektes zur Hochwasserrisikoforschung definiert, in welchem DGM erstmals auch als dynamische Komponente des Risikosystems aufgefaßt werden. Die Arbeitsziele umfassen in diesem Zusammenhang die Entwicklung von automatisierten Methoden zur Gewinnung von Informationen über Deiche, insbesondere über deren genaue Lage und Höhe, und zur Modellierung von Deichgeometrien. Nach der Umsetzung und Erprobung der Verfahren in einem Geoinformationssystem wird der Prototyp einer Softwareanwendung vorgestellt, der eine automationsgestützte und nutzerfreundliche Realisierung der entwickelten Methoden erlaubt. Der Teil Deichmodellierung in Digitalen Geländemodellen beschreibt theoretische Grundlagen zur Realisierung eines speziell auf Hochwasserschutzdeiche ausgerichteten Geoinformationssystems. Es wird der Begriff des Digitalen Deichmodells (DDM) eingeführt und dessen Modellstruktur sowie Möglichkeiten zu Datenerfassung und -pflege mittels hochauflösender Laserscan-DGM erläutert. Weiterhin werden bestehende Methoden der Objekterkennung in DGM zum Zweck der Deichdetektion und -extraktion adaptiert und ein neues Verfahren entwickelt, das speziell die geometrischen Spezifika von Deichen berücksichtigt. Mit den vorgestellten Verfahren wird deren weitgehend automatisierte Erfassung und Kartierung ermöglicht. Das DDM wird derart konzipiert, daß sowohl Rückbau, Verlegung als auch die Erhöhung von Deichen im Modell umsetzbar sind. Damit wird letztlich die Simulationsfähigkeit bzw. Veränderlichkeit eines DGM als Basis für Hochwassersimulationen realisiert. Im Kapitel Vereinfachte GIS-basierte Überflutungssimulationen wird ein Konzept zur vereinfachten GIS-basierten Folgenabschätzung von Deichbrüchen vorgestellt. Dafür werden bestimmte Modellannahmen getroffen und zur Überflutungsmodellierung herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen der Modellannahmen kritisch als Möglichkeit der Abschätzung von im Extremfall zu erwartenden Wasserständen in Überschwemmungsgebieten bewertet. Nach der Dokumentation der praktischen Umsetzung der vorgestellten Verfahren werden die Ergebnisse diskutiert und Ausblicke zur nötigen bzw. möglichen weiteren Forschungsarbeiten gegeben. Der Anhang der Arbeit enthält Karten und eine Dokumentation des Programms Diketools, das als Prototyp einer Deichmodellierungssoftware implementiert wurde
This study examines possibilities of using Digital Terrain Models (DTM) in the context of flood risk management. Thereby the focus lies on the application of high-resolution laserscan data. First the necessity of the scientific examination of flood hazards is underlined which implies the consideration of geodata (especially DTM). This is followed by an overview of methods of large-area data acquisition of the earth surface as well as a short introduction into flood modelling. The scientific objectives of this study are defined within the context of a multidisciplinary research project which for the first time considers DTM as a dynamic component in the flood risk system. The objectives resulting from this point of view comprise the development of automated methods of acquiring information on dikes. Here the exact locations of dikelines and their crest levels are of special interest. The modelling of new dike geometries and their implementiation into existing DTM data is also included. Chapter 4 (Deichmodellierung in Digitalen Geländemodellen, engl.: Dike Modelling in Digital Terrain Models) describes the theoretical fundamentals of the realisation of an information system focused on flood protection dikes. Here the term Digital Dike Model (DDM) is introduced. Accordingly its model structure is defined and possibilities of data retrieval and data management by means of high-resolution laserscan terrain models are shown. The detection and extraction of dikes is accomplished by the adaption of existing object-extraction methods. Also a new procedure has been developed which accounts for dike-specific geometrical characterisations. The presented methods enable the automated identification and mapping of dikes. The Digital Dike Model has been designed to allow the removal and relocation of dikes as well as their heightening within the model. Hereby the desired changeability of Digital Terrain Models is realised as a basis for flood simulations. In Chapter 5 (GIS-basierte Überflutungssimulationen, engl.: Simplified GIS-based Flood Modelling) a concept for a simplified estimation of dike-breach induced floodings by means of GIS-based procedures is presented. This implies the definition of certain model assumptions which are adopted when performing flood simulations. The results are discussed and the use of this method for estimating maximum flood impacts is evaluated. These parts of the thesis are followed by the discussion of the results. In the end an outlook for further research is given. The appendix of this work includes maps and a documentation of the Diketools which has been implemented as a prototype of a dike-modelling software

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LORET, EMANUELE. "Estimation of increasing urbanization trend in the Frascati DOC wine area: a geostatistical analysis approach." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1431.

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Il presente lavoro di tesi raccoglie i dati di alcuni progetti di ricerca svolti sulle pratiche agricole, in particolare vitivinicole, in un area a sud-est di Roma, conosciuta come area dei Castelli Romani. Queste informazioni sono state analizzate in rapporto alla crescita urbana della periferia del comune di Roma e dei comuni di prima fascia, inseriti nel confine dell’ area di produzione del vino DOC Frascati . Il lavoro si è poi concentrato su una metodologia di indagine per caratterizzare i vari comuni compresi nell’area di produzione DOC; per questo è stato elaborato un indice di profilo dell’area (APindex) che oltre a definire le caratteristiche di un comune rispetto ad un altro, ha permesso di fare delle previsioni temporali sullo sviluppo urbano a scapito delle colture agricole.
This thesis collects data of some research projects on agricultural practices, particularly wine, developed in an area south-east of Rome known as the Castelli Romani area. This set of information was analyzed in relation to urban growth on the outskirts of the town of Rome and the municipalities of the first ring, inserted in an area of the Frascati DOC wine production. The research work was then concentrated on a methodology of investigation on the characterization of the various municipalities in DOC production. It was therefore prepared a profile of the index (APindex) which in addition to precisely define the characteristics of a municipality than another, allowed to make predictions about the future of urban development to the detriment of agricultural crops.

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Cervantes, Danielle. "Using GIS to create an interactive GeoPDF mapbook for the Big Island of Hawaii a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2009. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/CervantesDanielle/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2009.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on March 29, 2010) Includes bibliographical references.

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Schmallowsky, Antje. "Visualisierung dynamischer Raumphänomene in Geoinformationssystemen." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4126/.

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Die visuelle Kommunikation ist eine effiziente Methode, um dynamische Phänomene zu beschreiben. Informationsobjekte präzise wahrzunehmen, einen schnellen Zugriff auf strukturierte und relevante Informationen zu ermöglichen, erfordert konsistente und nach dem formalen Minimalprinzip konzipierte Analyse- und Darstellungsmethoden. Dynamische Raumphänomene in Geoinformationssystemen können durch den Mangel an konzeptionellen Optimierungsanpassungen aufgrund ihrer statischen Systemstruktur nur bedingt die Informationen von Raum und Zeit modellieren. Die Forschung in dieser Arbeit ist daher auf drei interdisziplinäre Ansätze fokussiert. Der erste Ansatz stellt eine echtzeitnahe Datenerfassung dar, die in Geodatenbanken zeitorientiert verwaltet wird. Der zweite Ansatz betrachtet Analyse- und Simulationsmethoden, die das dynamische Verhalten analysieren und prognostizieren. Der dritte Ansatz konzipiert Visualisierungsmethoden, die insbesondere dynamische Prozesse abbilden. Die Symbolisierung der Prozesse passt sich bedarfsweise in Abhängigkeit des Prozessverlaufes und der Interaktion zwischen Datenbanken und Simulationsmodellen den verschiedenen Entwicklungsphasen an. Dynamische Aspekte können so mit Hilfe bewährter Funktionen aus der GI-Science zeitnah mit modularen Werkzeugen entwickelt und visualisiert werden. Die Analyse-, Verschneidungs- und Datenverwaltungsfunktionen sollen hierbei als Nutzungs- und Auswertungspotential alternativ zu Methoden statischer Karten dienen. Bedeutend für die zeitliche Komponente ist das Verknüpfen neuer Technologien, z. B. die Simulation und Animation, basierend auf einer strukturierten Zeitdatenbank in Verbindung mit statistischen Verfahren. Methodisch werden Modellansätze und Visualisierungstechniken entwickelt, die auf den Bereich Verkehr transferiert werden. Verkehrsdynamische Phänomene, die nicht zusammenhängend und umfassend darstellbar sind, werden modular in einer serviceorientierten Architektur separiert, um sie in verschiedenen Ebenen räumlich und zeitlich visuell zu präsentieren. Entwicklungen der Vergangenheit und Prognosen der Zukunft werden über verschiedene Berechnungsmethoden modelliert und visuell analysiert. Die Verknüpfung einer Mikrosimulation (Abbildung einzelner Fahrzeuge) mit einer netzgesteuerten Makrosimulation (Abbildung eines gesamten Straßennetzes) ermöglicht eine maßstabsunabhängige Simulation und Visualisierung des Mobilitätsverhaltens ohne zeitaufwendige Bewertungsmodellberechnungen. Zukünftig wird die visuelle Analyse raum-zeitlicher Veränderungen für planerische Entscheidungen ein effizientes Mittel sein, um Informationen übergreifend verfügbar, klar strukturiert und zweckorientiert zur Verfügung zu stellen. Der Mehrwert durch visuelle Geoanalysen, die modular in einem System integriert sind, ist das flexible Auswerten von Messdaten nach zeitlichen und räumlichen Merkmalen.
Visual communication is an efficient method to describe dynamic phenomena. Perceiving information objects precisely and facilitating quick access to structured and relevant information requires consistent analysis and presentation methods conceived according to the formal minimisation principle. Because of the lack of conceptual optimisation adaptations due to their static system structure, dynamic space phenomena in geoinformation systems can only model the information of time and space conditionally. This is why research in this paper focuses on three interdisciplinary approaches. The first approach represents data collection close to real-time which is administered in geodatabases in a time-oriented manner. The second approach looks at analysis and simulation methods that analyse and forecast dynamic behaviour. The third approach conceives visualisation methods that model dynamic processes in particular. Where required, the symbolising of processes adapts to the various development phases depending on the process flow and the interaction between databases and simulation models. This allows dynamic aspects to be developed and visualised in a timely manner using modular tools with the help of proven geoscience functions. The analysis, intersection and data administration functions are intended to serve as utilisation and analysis potential as an alternative to static chart methods. For the time component, linking new technologies such as simulation and animation is significant based on a structured time database in connection with statistical methods. Modelling approaches and visualisation techniques are methodically developed and transferred to the traffic field. Dynamic traffic phenomena that cannot be modelled cohesively and comprehensively are separated into a service-oriented modular architecture in order to present them visually on different levels of space and time. Past developments and forecasts are modelled and visually analysed using various calculation methods. Linking a micro-simulation (modelling individual vehicles) to a network-controlled macro-simulation (modelling an entire road network) makes it possible to simulate and visualise mobility behaviour regardless of scale without time-consuming analysis model calculations. In the future, the visual analysis of space-time changes for planning decisions will be an efficient tool in order to make comprehensive, clearly structured and appropriate information available. The flexible analysis of measurement data according to time and space criteria represents the added value of visual geoanalysis integrated into a system with a modular structure.

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32

Ellsiepen, Matthias. "Formalisierung kartographischen Wissens zur Schriftplazierung in topographischen Karten." Bonn : Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Institutt für Kartographie und Geoinformation, 2001. http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de:90/ulb_bonn/diss_online/landw_fak/2001/ellsipen_matthias/0186.pdf.

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33

Hakbilir, Muzaffer. "Implementing The Dijsktra." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12604949/index.pdf.

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Network analysis in GIS is often related to finding solutions to transportation problems. In a GIS the real world is represented by either one of two spatial models, vector-based, or raster-based. Prefering raster or vector GIS is more a question of choice than of accuracy. A raster-based GIS model shows a better fit, when the problem is concerned with finding a path across terrain which does not have predefined paths. The approach of this study is to translate the scenario into a &lsquo
least-cost path&rsquo
graph with an associated cost function on the raster-based GIS layer. Sometimes, computation of shortest paths between different locations on a raster-based GIS has to be done in real-time. Therefore, knowing which shortest path algorithm runs fastest on real networks is needed. In order to meet this requirement, Dijsktra&rsquo
s algorithm with priority queue implementation is selected, because it reduces the time complexity of Dijsktra&rsquo
s algorithm from O(V2 log V) to O(E log V ). The run-time results of Dijsktra&rsquo
s algorithm, Dijsktra&rsquo
s algorithm with priority queue implementation and ArcMap Spatial Analyst Tool are compared for a number of raster GIS layers which have different number of nodes. Dijsktra&rsquo
s algorithm with priority queue implementation and Spatial Analyst tool of ArcMap show a linear relationship between node numbers and time, whereas Dijsktra&rsquo
s algorithm represents a quadratic relationship. Hence, when the number of nodes and edges in graph is increased, the run-time performance of the Dijsktra&rsquo
s algorithm decreases rapidly.

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Vieira, Laíze Leite. "SIGWEB aplicado ao turismo: novas formas de comunicação para um novo turista." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3423.

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The Tourism has become an profitable economic activity, a fact explained by the high levels of employment and income arising from circulation of tourists all over the world. However, these figures hide important information about the interaction between the traveler and the visited location. There is a wide range of destinations growing up by demand of visitors, oblivious to issues of relevance to the tourism planning, such as the availability of accurate, which enable the tourist an holistic view of geographic space. After the advent of the new technologies, the decision of the travel to a specific touristic destination increasingly depends of the quality in access to information. So, this research aims to promote a discussion about the impact of touristic information organized through Geographic Information System - GIS on web environment for communication with tourist. In this context are analyzed the ways of the Tourism by threefold bias of Virtual Communication, Touristic Cartography and Geotechnologies as strategies for the better reveal the space to the new tourist profile of the digital age. The results of these reflections are gathered on the project SIGTUR Alto Paraíso, a proposal of the GIS application online using the Google Earth software as a dynamic and interactive information platform for viewing maps and elements of touristic space. The spatial area adopted is the Alto Paraiso city, in whose territory is the gateway to the National Park of Chapada dos Veadeiros- NPCV and sceneries of natural beauty that position this area as one of the main ecotourism destinations the State of Goiás.
O turismo tornou-se uma rentável atividade econômica, fato explicado pelo altos índices de emprego e renda decorrentes da circulação de turistas em todo o mundo. Entretanto, esses números escondem dados importantes quanto à interação entre o viajante e o local visitado. Existe grande variedade de destinos crescendo pela demanda de visitantes, alheios a aspectos de relevância para o planejamento turístico, como por exemplo, a disponibilização de informações precisas, que possibilitem ao turista uma visão holística do espaço geográfico. Após o advento das novas tecnologias, decidir a viagem para um destino turístico específico depende cada vez mais da qualidade no acesso à informação. Assim, essa pesquisa busca promover uma discussão sobre o impacto da informação turística organizada através de Sistema de Informação Geográfica – SIG em ambiente web para a comunicação com o turista. Nesse contexto, são analisados os caminhos do Turismo pelo tríplice viés da Comunicação Virtual, da Cartografia Turística e das Geotecnologias como estratégias para melhor revelar o espaço ao novo perfil de turista da era digital. Os resultados destas reflexões são reunidos no projeto SIGTur Alto Paraíso, uma proposta de aplicação de SIG on line que utiliza o software Google Earth como dinâmica e interativa plataforma de informações para visualização de mapas e elementos do espaço turístico. O recorte espacial adotado é o município de Alto Paraíso, em cujo território está a porta de entrada para o Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros – PNCV e cenários de beleza natural que posicionam esta área como um dos principais destinos de ecoturismo no estado de Goiás.

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35

VALLODORO, ANTONIETTA. "Tecnologie cartografiche per la governance ambientale e lo sviluppo locale in Africa sahelo-sudanese: il caso della Riserva di Biosfera Transfrontaliera della W." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202631.

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La tesi dal titolo “Tecnologie cartografiche per la governance ambientale e lo sviluppo locale in Africa sahelo-sudanese: il caso della Riserva di Biosfera Transfrontaliera della W” si propone di indagare il ruolo che le moderne tecnologie cartografiche (GIS e telerilevamento) hanno nelle pratiche di cooperazione per la governance ambientale e lo sviluppo locale in un ambito geografico definito, l’Africa sahelo-sudanese. Nello specifico, il presente lavoro analizza come le tecnologie cartografiche sono state utilizzate nel caso della Riserva di Biosfera Transfrontaliera della W (Burkina Faso, Niger e Benin). La tesi sottolinea la problematicità dell’uso delle tecnologie cartografiche da parte dei Programmi di cooperazione ambientale. Infatti, le tecnologie cartografiche, secondo alcuni autori, non sono adatte a rappresentare territori, culture e saperi “indigeni” per questioni intrinseche alla tecnologia stessa. Inoltre, l’analisi comparativa di due GIS creati da due grandi Programmi (AGIR e ECOPAS) di governance ambientale rivela anche la mancanza di una cultura cartografica di fondo che tende a sopravvalutare gli aspetti tecnici della cartografia a discapito dei suoi aspetti progettuali e ideologici. D’altra parte la governance ambientale va assumendo nuove configurazioni che si ridisegnano attorno a nuovi dinamismi quali l’impatto della globalizzazione in Africa sahelo-sudanese, la conflittualità ambientale e territoriale in crescita, il decentramento amministrativo che va riarticolando il territorio, la presenza della cooperazione internazionale. In particolare assume un rilievo fondamentale la conoscenza e la valorizzazione dei saperi locali, un patrimonio culturale di cruciale importanza per lo sviluppo, nelle sue dimensioni simboliche (sfera del mythos) e tecniche (sfera della techne). Di qui l’idea di una “cartografia topica” che riesca a tradurre la competenza topica (i saperi locali) in conoscenza topica, in termini, cioè, che siano comprensibili alla comunità scientifica e istituzionale. In altre parole, si tratta di una cartografia capace di tradurre i saperi locali in un linguaggio intellegibile per le istituzioni che si occupano di cooperazione e sviluppo locale, nonché di governance ambientale
The thesis “Cartographic technologies for environmental governance and local development in Sudanese-Sahelian Africa: the case of W Transboundary Biosphere Reserve” inquires the use of modern cartographic technologies (GIS and remote sensing) within the context of environmental governance and local development cooperation projects. In the specific the present work analyzes how such technologies were exploited in the case of W Transboundary Biosphere Reserve situated in the area of Sudanese-Sahelian Africa. The thesis underlines how problematic is the use of the cartographic technologies for the purpose of environmental cooperation programs. In fact cartographic technologies, according some authors, are not suitable to represent “indigenous” territories, cultures and knowledge, and this “unsuitability” is due to the specific features of the cartographic technology at issue. The analysis of two GIS, created by two great Programs of environmental governance (AGIR and ECOPAS), also revealed the lack of a systematic cartographic culture which overrates the technical aspects of cartography and seriously underestimates its ideological impact. Such a miss-culture also neglects the crucial contributions of cartography while planning Projects activities. On the contrary, any operation related to environmental governance must take into account new dynamics namely the impact of globalization in Africa; the growing number of environmental and territorial conflicts; the process of administrative decentralization that is taking place in several countries belonging to the relevant region. All these elements are reshaping the territory with meaningful political spillovers, and the influence of multi-bilateral international cooperation operation should be carefully considered. In particular, it is essential to promote the awareness of the local knowledge (the topical competence of local inhabitants), a cultural heritage which is a crucial element for a sustainable local development, as it contains precious symbolic (on the level of mythos) and technical elements (on the level of techne). Hence, the need to promote a more “topical cartography” able to translate such topical competence (the local knowledge) in terms that should be more widely understood among the scientific and administrative community. In other words: such a cartography must translate local concepts in a language intelligible for the financing institutions involved in large scale environmental governance and local development planning

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36

Castellani, Serena. "Disaster resilience e spazi pubblici. Strade, piazze e aree verdi nella storia dei terremoti aquilani (1315-2009)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424827.

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This thesis intends to analyze the topic of post-disaster resilience and public spaces in an urban context following a catastrophe, to see if they have a strategic role and if they are somewhat resilient. Specifically, this study explores the public spaces (streets, squares and green areas) of the city of L’Aquila in the history of its most disastrous earthquakes in 1315, 1349, 1461, 1703, 1915 and 2009. At present, the geographic literature, which connect the subject of resilience with that of public spaces are rather small and, according to this approach, no other comparable studies are studied in the case of L’Aquila. The aim of the research is to demonstrate the ability of urban public spaces, in post-disaster contexts, to be resilient, studying their morphological and functional evolution, both on a practical and symbolic level, following the earthquakes that have affected the city from the 14th century to present. The aim is to trace the physical elements and / or social and economic uses on which the resilience of the public spaces of the city is structured, both as a result of seismic events as between earthquakes. The research criteria are as follows: In the process of erritorialisation, what happens when a territorial structure is affected by a disaster? Are public spaces able to return structural multistability to the affected community? How are public spaces, understood as sociotopic spaces, resilient in the aftermath of earthquakes that affect L’Aquila? Participation can be understood as a postdisaster resilience strategy, and therefore one of the possible forms and / or indicators of resilience? Does the cartographic representation contribute to provide new elements for the analysis of data and sources? The study course consisted in the search for direct and indirect historical sources at the archives of L’Aquila, in the cartographic, iconographic and photographic reconnaissance of the city and in the field survey carried out by the Move Your City group through a participatory approach that has allowed us to identify the uses of spaces by young people for leisure after the earthquake in 2009. Through this path it was possible to analyze the collected data by categorizing resilient public spaces by following two criteria: temporal (public spaces that after disasters have always been resilient and resilient, and those born after disasters that show resilience and functional forms) (resilient public spaces with respect to the type of use, so that functions can be political, economic, social or cultural). The research yields important results regarding the strategic role played by public spaces in the city of L’Aquila; following the categorization provided, it can be said, for example, that: Piazza del Mercato or Piazza Duomo, that is, the main square of the city, has always been resilient to the earthquakes, also changing its function (from housing area post-quake to religious, economic, political and social function). The urban walls prove to be resilient especially after the earthquakes of the medieval era by playing a political and defensive function, losing their role with the expansion of the city after the earthquake of 1915 but summarizing the value as a cultural asset following the quake of 2009 (it was one of the first assets to be restored). Such study, combining archive research with field inquiry through a participatory approach, would like demonstrates how a reflection on the resilience of urban sociotopic public spaces is crucial, as they represent the place where one moves away from individual experience and enters into the collective, and hence the place where the community confronts itself and enters into dialogue.
La presente Tesi intende prendere in analisi la tematica della resilienza post-disastro e degli spazi pubblici in un contesto urbano, in seguito a una catastrofe, e verificare se questi ultimi hanno un ruolo strategico e se si dimostrano in qualche modo resilienti. Nello specifico, questo studio analizza gli spazi pubblici (strade, piazze e aree verdi) della città dell’Aquila nella storia dei suoi terremoti più disastrosi avvenuti nel 1315, 1349, 1461, 1703, 1915 e 2009. Al momento nella letteratura geografica gli studi che connettono il tema della resilienza con quello degli spazi pubblici sono piuttosto esigui e, secondo questa impostazione, non si evidenziano altri studi equiparabili al caso di studio della città dell’Aquila. L’obiettivo della ricerca è di mostrare la capacità degli spazi pubblici urbani, in contesti post-disastro, di essere resilienti, studiandone la loro evoluzione morfologica e funzionale, sia a livello pratico che simbolico, in seguito ai terremoti che hanno interessato la città dell’Aquila dal XIV secolo a oggi. Lo scopo è di rintracciare gli elementi fisici e/o le utilizzazioni sociali ed economiche sulle quali si articola o meno la resilienza degli spazi pubblici della città in seguito agli eventi sismici, ma anche tra un terremoto e l’altro. Le domande della ricerca sono le seguenti: Nel processo di territorializzazione, cosa succede quando una struttura territoriale è colpita da un disastro? Gli spazi pubblici riescono a restituire multistabilità strutturale alla comunità colpita? In che modo gli spazi pubblici, intesi come spazi sociotopici, si dimostrano resilienti in seguito ai terremoti che disastrano L’Aquila? La partecipazione può essere intesa come una strategia di resilienza in contesto post-disastro, e, dunque, una delle possibili forme e/o indicatori di resilienza? La rappresentazione cartografica contribuisce a fornire nuovi elementi all’analisi dei dati e delle fonti? Il percorso di studio è consistito nella ricerca di fonti storiche dirette e indirette presso gli archivi dell’Aquila, nella ricognizione cartografica, iconografica e fotografica della città e nell’indagine condotta sul campo dal gruppo Move Your City, attraverso un approccio partecipativo, che ha permesso di individuare gli utilizzi degli spazi della socialità da parte dei giovani nel tempo libero in seguito al sisma del 2009. Grazie a questo percorso è stato possibile analizzare i dati raccolti tramite la categorizzazione degli spazi pubblici resilienti seguendo due criteri: temporale (spazi pubblici che dopo i disastri si sono dimostrati e mantenuti sempre resilienti e quelli nati dopo i disastri che dimostrano forme di resilienza) e funzionale (spazi pubblici resilienti rispetto al tipo di utilizzo, quindi in base alle funzioni che possono essere politiche, economiche, sociali e culturali). La ricerca conduce ad importanti risultati riguardo il ruolo strategico svolto dagli spazi pubblici della città dell’Aquila; seguendo la categorizzazione prevista si può dire, a titolo esemplificativo, che: la Piazza del Mercato o Piazza Duomo, cioè la piazza principale della città, si dimostra sempre resiliente in seguito ai terremoti anche cambiando la propria funzione (da area abitativa post-sisma a funzione religiosa, economica e poi politica e sociale). Le mura urbiche si dimostrano resilienti soprattutto in seguito ai terremoti di epoca medievale e moderna svolgendo una funzione politica e difensiva, che perdono con l’espansione della città in seguito al terremoto del 1915 ma riassumono valore come bene culturale in seguito al sisma del 2009 (è uno dei primi beni ad essere restaurati). Uno studio di questo tipo, che coniuga la ricerca d’archivio a quella sul campo tramite un approccio partecipativo, intende mostrare come sia importante una riflessione sulla resilienza degli spazi pubblici urbani, intesi come spazi sociotopici, in quanto essi rappresentano il luogo in cui si fuoriesce dall’esperienza individuale per immettersi in quella collettiva e, quindi, il luogo in cui la comunità si confronta e dialoga.

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37

Cintimur, Mehmet Bilgekagan. "Evaluation Of Settlement Sites Beyond The Scope Of Natural Conditions And Hazards By Means Of Gis Based Mcda: Yesilirmak Catchment." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611952/index.pdf.

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Our country is a risky position in terms of natural disasters. In the long run, preferentially settlement areas were selected to ensure maximum benefits in terms of both economic and security aspects, other criteria is not taken account when selection of sites. The main purpose of this study is to examine and compare the properties of settlement location based on natural hazard and environmental constraints to be able to understand the interaction between the settlements and natural conditions at the regional scale of YeSilirmak Basin. A MCDA was set up with 10 different data layers in two data domains (environmental and natural hazards domains), are evaluated. The results of the MCDA scores are then transferred to settlement databases in order to evaluate the number of existing settlements in different environmental and natural hazard related suitability classes. It is found that almost 29% of YeSilirmak catchment is environmentally favorable for settlement, and in coherence with that 41% of all existing settlements are located in this zone, indicating a clear preference among the perception of environmentally better places to be settled in. On the other hand with respect to the natural hazards dataset, the locations of the settlements fail to create any preference, as 73,32% of the area is used by 73,50% of existing settlements, which indicates that the perception of natural hazards are low and do not effect settlement criteria, while the acceptable risk of community is high.

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38

Mendes, Francisco das Chagas. "A cartografia na perspectiva dos egressos dos cursos profissionalizantes de geoprocessamento e técnico em estradas do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95680.

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Orientador: Maria Isabel Castreghini de Freitas
Banca: Fadel David Antonio Tuma Filho
Banca: Andrea Coelho Lastória
Resumo: As mudanças profundas pelas quais vem passando o mundo, neste século, produziu transformações na prática social e no trabalho. O setor educacional não pode ficar alheio a essas mudanças. Observa-se um movimento de inquietação no meio educacional de todo mundo, que vem provocando reformas, buscando sua adequação às novas exigências, especialmente no mundo do trabalho. Este trabalho é um estudo de caráter exploratório descritivo, cujos dados foram coletados a partir da aplicação de questionários aos profissionais dos cursos de Estradas e Geoprocessamento, egressos do IFPI. A análise foi feita de forma quantiqualitativa, a fim de atender aos objetivos da pesquisa. Apresentamos os resultados de uma avaliação do ensino da cartografia no IFPI, nestes cursos, mostrando a inter-relação que deve ter o ensino da Cartografia e o mercado de trabalho. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa realizou-se um estudo teórico, a partir das fontes selecionadas e aplicação de questionários junto aos alunos egressos dos cursos citados e já atuando no mercado de trabalho. A partir dos resultados, constatou-se a importância de um maior investimento tecnológico, em especial cartográfico, nas instituições que comportam os profissionais dessas áreas, bem como a formação continuada dos professores e reformulação da estrutura interna dos cursos. Foi possível visualizar também que os cursos de Geoprocessamento e Estradas possuem grandes possibilidades no mercado de trabalho, o que torna ainda mais importante a contribuição dada por este estudo, no sentido de implementar mudanças necessárias no setor educacional, especificamente nos cursos de Estradas e Geoprocessamento do IFPI
Abstract: The profound changes by which the world has experienced in this century has produced changes in social work. The education sector can't remain oblivious to these changes. There is a movement in the educational environment of the whole planet, a major concern that has led to reforms seeking their adaptation to new requirements, especially in the workplace. This paper is an exploratory descriptive study, data were collected from the questionnaires to the professional courses of Technician Roads and Geoprocessamento Technology graduates from IFPI. The analysis was done on a quanti in order to meet the research objectives. We present the results of an evaluation of the teaching of cartography in the IFPI in these courses, showing the interrelationship that must have the teaching of cartography and the labor market. For the development of the research is a theoretical study from selected sources and questionnaires with students and graduates of the courses mentioned already working in the labor market. From the results it was found that the most important is investment in technology, especially cartographic, the institutions that comprise the professionals in these areas as well as ongoing training of teachers and reformulation of the internal structure of the courses. You can also view the courses and Roads GIS have great potential in the labor market. However it is hoped that this study will contribute to improving the feeling of implementing necessary changes in the educational sector, specifically in the courses of roads and Geoprocessamento of IFPI
Mestre

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39

Eduards, Rasmus. "Custom Base Maps for Utility Network Applications." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264936.

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Web maps are today used more than ever. These are often displayed in geographical information system solutions. Web maps are often constructed in the terms of different layers where the bottom-most layer is called base map or background map. A specific kind of base maps are those that are the canvas for utility networks. These base maps can look vastly different from each other. Sometimes the base map can be overlooked. Currently there are different theories and opinions on how these base maps shall be designed and what information they shall contain. This thesis investigates a suitable base map design for utility network management and also creates some prototypes as a proof of concept. The thesis focus mostly on three factors, colour, information visualisation and symbology. This is investigated by using a user-centred design approach and comparing it to existing findings in literature and among map theories. The user-centred design process involves a case study performed with participants that work with utility networks in web map solutions. The research method is an iterative process where the participants are answering three quantitative surveys. The surveys includes prototypes which is refined for each step after analysing the participants answers. The thesis concludes that low saturated colours is good practise to enhance the network, this is both evident in literature as well as in the case study. Amount of lightness in the base map seem to be more of a opinionated matter and can highly differentiate depending on users device. Using hue is recommended to make borders between map elements more distinct. The base map shall only obtain the most relevant information and more specific information is recommended to be added through additional layers. Further studies need to be done in order to investigate the networks design and there is also a need to investigate how a map solution with several layers shall be design and how the relationships between those layers shall be constructed for utility network management

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Winkler, Michael. "Das Phänomen »Flächenverbrauch« in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-235044.

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Die Dissertation beleuchtet das Thema Flächenverbrauch, welcher seit Jahrzehnten eines der dringlichsten Umweltprobleme in Deutschland und Europa darstellt, zumal mit ihm eine Reihe sozialer und wirtschaftlicher, u. a. fiskalischer, Auswirkungen einhergehen. Hauptschwerpunkt der Dissertation bilden retrospektive indikatorengestützte GIS-Analysen urbaner und suburbaner Regionen, für welche Flächennutzungs- und Transportsysteme-Datenbanken von acht europäischen Großstädten – Bilbao, Bratislava, Dresden, Kopenhagen, Lyon, München, Palermo und Porto – aus den EU-Projekten MURBANDY/MOLAND über einen Zeitraum von 50 Jahren anhand von vier Zeitschnitten (Anfang der 1950er bis Ende der 1990er Jahre) untersucht wurden. Dabei wurden Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in den Entwicklungen der Städte, ansatzweise ebenso mit Blick auf die unterschiedlichen Wirtschaftssysteme, herausgearbeitet. Hauptziel der Dissertation ist es, eine Lücke zwischen theoretischer Analyse des Flächenverbrauchs und der damit oft einhergehenden Zersiedelung, konkret in (sub)urbanen Siedlungsräumen, und der praktischen Vermittlung der Thematik, hauptsächlich mittels geeigneter kartographischer Darstellungsformen, zu schließen. Des Weiteren versucht die Dissertation, einerseits die wissenschaftliche Erforschung des Flächenverbrauchs mit dem politischen Handlungsbedarf zu verbinden und andererseits einen Bogen zur kommunikativen Vermittlung der Thematik an relevante gesellschaftliche Gruppen zu spannen. Für dieses Anliegen wurde die Arbeit um eine Betrachtung des bevölkerungsseitigen Umweltbewusstseins in Deutschland mit dem Fokus auf das Thema Flächenverbrauch sowie tiefergehende Überlegungen hinsichtlich der Vermittlungsformen und -wege, welche als weiteren Schwerpunkt kartographisch-konzeptionelle Betrachtungen beinhalten, erweitert
The dissertation sheds light on the topic of land consumption, which marks one of the most pressing environmental problems in Germany as well as in Europe since decades, and which is accompanied by several social and economic, e.g. fiscal, effects. Retrospective indicator-aided GIS analyses of urban and suburban regions – using land use data of eight European cities (Bilbao, Bratislava, Dresden, Copenhagen, Lyon, Munich, Palermo and Porto), taken from the EU projects MURBANDY/MOLAND with a time span of about 50 years (beginning of the 1950s until end of the 1990s) – build the main part of the work. Within this, similarities and differences in the developments were worked out, to some degree also including a look on the different economic and political systems at that time. The principal objective of the PhD thesis is to close a gap between the theoretical analysis of land consumption and the often linked urban sprawl, particularly in (sub)urban settlement regions, and the practical communication of the research subject, primarily by means of adequate cartographic presentations. Furthermore, the dissertation aims on the one hand at connecting scientific investigations of land consumption and political need for action, and on the other hand at building a link to the communication to various stakeholders in the society. For this, the dissertation was also broadened by an analysis of the environmental awareness of the German society – focussing on the topic of land consumption – and by deeper considerations regarding forms and ways of communicating the topic in particular by means of cartographic approaches

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CILLIS, GIUSEPPE. "NEW ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR SURVEY AND ANALYSISbOF AGROFORESTRY LAND: FROM LAND COVER CHANGES TO RURAL LANDSCAPE QUALITY ASSESSMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/146897.

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The general objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to explore the concepts and methodologies for investigating agroforestry land and rural landscape through the integration of historical and remote sensing geodata within a FoSS (Free and Open Source Software) approach; to provide more and more accurate data sets regarding land cover and to improve some mapping and data processing techniques commonly used in this research topic. The first part of thesis describes the different types of geodata used in the course of the studies and, above all, the techniques and methodologies used for their processing are illustrated. Starting from historical cartographies, we will go through aerial surveys and geographical maps up to the new remote sensing using advanced satellite observation technologies. In the second part, more specific issues were dealt in accordance with the general objective of the work have been defined. The issues were approached through case studies within the Basilicata Region where the intensity of the abandonment of the territory and agricultural surface is leading to the loss of many historical rural landscapes and with consequent problems from an ecological point of view due to the disappearance of many agroforestry systems.
L'obiettivo generale di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di esplorare i concetti e le metodologie per lo studio del territorio agroforestale e del paesaggio rurale attraverso l'integrazione di geodati storici e telerilevamento con un approccio FoSS (Free and Open Source Software); per fornire serie di dati sempre più accurate sulla copertura del suolo e migliorare alcune tecniche di mappatura ed elaborazione comunemente utilizzate in questo ambito di ricerca. La prima parte della tesi descrive i diversi tipi di geodati impiegati nel corso degli studi e, soprattutto, vengono illustrate le tecniche e le metodologie utilizzate per la loro elaborazione. Partendo dalle cartografie storiche, si passerà ai rilievi aerei ed alle cartogrofaie classifche fino al remote sensing basato su immagini satellitari. Nella seconda parte sono state trattate tematiche più specifiche in accordo con l'obiettivo generale del lavoro. Le tematiche sono state affrontate attraverso casi di studio all'interno della Regione Basilicata dove l'intensità dell'abbandono del territorio e della superficie agricola sta portando alla perdita di molti paesaggi rurali storici con conseguenti problemi dal punto di vista ecologico dovuti alla scomparsa di molti sistemi agroforestali.

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O'Hearn, Connor E. "Sustainable Coffee Farming in Hawai'i: Gathering GIS Data to Inform Development and Planning in the Rainforest and Protect Natural and Historic Features." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami161890711019104.

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Uhl, Philip J. "A Spatio-Temporal Data Model for Zoning." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2002. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1.

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Planning departments are besieged with temporal/historical information. While for many institutions historical information can be relegated to archives, planning departments have a constant need to access and query their historical information, particularly their historical spatial information such as zoning. This can be a cumbersome process fraught with inaccuracies due to the changing organizational methods and the extended historical legacies of most municipalities. Geographic Information Systems can be a tool to provide a solution to the difficulties in querying spatio-temporal planning data. Using a data model designed specifically to facilitate the querying of historical zoning information, queries can be performed to answer basic zoning questions such as "what is the zoning history for a specific parcel of land?" This work outlines this zoning data model, its implementation, and its testing using queries basic to the needs of planning departments.

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Christophe, Sidonie. "Aide à la conception de légendes personnalisées et originales : proposition d'une méthode coopérative pour le choix des couleurs." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00515333.

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Aide à la conception de légendes personnalisées et originales : proposition d'une méthode coopérative pour le choix des couleurs Les utilisateurs s'approprient aisément les outils cartographiques numériques pour se construire leur propre carte. Cependant, l'accès aux outils ne suffit pas pour concevoir une légende cartographique de qualité. Il est nécessaire de savoir comment faire de bons choix de représentation graphique, en particulier de bons choix de couleurs. Une expertise cartographique comportant des connaissances en sémiologie graphique et en perception des couleurs (contrastes et harmonies) est nécessaire : soit l'utilisateur possède ces connaissances, soit les outils doivent les lui apporter. Dans ce contexte, nous cherchons à aider les utilisateurs à concevoir des légendes personnalisées et originales, en nous concentrant sur l'aide au choix des couleurs. Nous proposons une méthode de conception coopérative en quatre phases reposant sur des interactions homme-machine : 1- choix d'une source d'inspiration, 2- acquisition des préférences de l'utilisateur sur les sources d'inspiration, 3- interprétation des préférences et construction de légendes adaptées, 4- retouche de légendes. Deux stratégies de conception sont envisagées en utilisant deux types de sources d'inspiration : des échantillons de carte et des toiles de maîtres. En partant du constat que des désaccords entre l'utilisateur et le système peuvent se produire, nous proposons d'utiliser des techniques de dialogue homme-machine pour améliorer l'adaptation du système à l'utilisateur. Le modèle de dialogue ainsi proposé est implémenté dans le prototype COLorLEGend (COLLEG)

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Papšys, Kęstutis. "Methodology of development of cartographic information system for evaluation of risk of extreme events." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130220_160846-94374.

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The thesis describes the methodology of evaluation of extreme events and development of cartographic information system for this purpose. Existing complex risk assessment systems in the world are analysed highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Author proposes original integrated risk assessment methodology based on integration of information from different geographic data sources. A cartographic information system designed by the author allows for the assessment of extreme events threats and risks. The developed methodology includes methodology of cartographic information system component development and deployment. The work describes necessary extreme events data, methods of their collection and database design principles. The created model enables the user to collect the data on extreme hazard events and to aggregate several threats into a single synthetic threat. The concepts of risks and threats and risk assessment methodology are explained. The author introduces project of an information system operating in the Lithuanian Geographic Information Infrastructure and integrated in the Lithuania spatial information portal. The system is tested with several consistent spatial data sets for Lithuania. The thesis presents experimental results that show increased geological and meteorological risk areas in Lithuania. Finally, methodological and practical conclusions about the methods and system customization, reliability and compliance with standards are presented.
Disertacijoje aprašoma ekstremalių įvykių vertinimo kartografinės informacinės sistemos kūrimo metodologija. Analizuojamos pasaulyje egzistuojančios kompleksinės rizikos vertinimo sistemos išryškinami jų trūkumai ir privalumai. Atliktos analizės pagrindu sukuriama originali daugeliu duomenų šaltinių pagrįsta kompleksinio rizikos vertinimo metodologija ir aprašoma autoriaus suprojektuota informacinė sistema leidžianti vertinti ekstremalių įvykių grėsmes ir riziką. Sukurta metodologija apima kartografinės informacinės sistemos sudedamųjų dalių kūrimo ir diegimo metodiką. Aprašomi sistemos veikimui reikiamų duomenų tipai, jų surinkimas, ekstremalių įvykių duomenų bazės kaupimo principai, sukuriamas ekstremalių įvykių grėsmių skaičiavimo ir kelių grėsmių apjungimo į vieną sintetinę grėsmę modelis. Aprašomas rizikos ir grėsmės santykis ir rizikos vertinimo metodologija. Disertacijoje taip pat pateikiama visos sistemos, veikiančios Lietuvos geografinės informacijos infrastruktūroje, ir integruotos Lietuvos erdvinės informacijos portale projektas. Sistema išbandyta su Lietuvoje pasiekiamais ir realiai egzistuojančiais erdvinių duomenų rinkiniais. Pateikiami eksperimento metu gauti rezultatai, rodantys padidintų geologinių ir meteorologinių rizikos rajonus Lietuvoje. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos metodologinės ir praktinės išvados apie metodų ir sistemos pritaikymą, patikimumą ir atitikimą standartams.

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Mendes, Francisco das Chagas [UNESP]. "A cartografia na perspectiva dos egressos dos cursos profissionalizantes de geoprocessamento e técnico em estradas do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95680.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mendes_fc_me_rcla.pdf: 815226 bytes, checksum: 88bf83d57abe2e11bb4ef2f7252c835a (MD5)
As mudanças profundas pelas quais vem passando o mundo, neste século, produziu transformações na prática social e no trabalho. O setor educacional não pode ficar alheio a essas mudanças. Observa-se um movimento de inquietação no meio educacional de todo mundo, que vem provocando reformas, buscando sua adequação às novas exigências, especialmente no mundo do trabalho. Este trabalho é um estudo de caráter exploratório descritivo, cujos dados foram coletados a partir da aplicação de questionários aos profissionais dos cursos de Estradas e Geoprocessamento, egressos do IFPI. A análise foi feita de forma quantiqualitativa, a fim de atender aos objetivos da pesquisa. Apresentamos os resultados de uma avaliação do ensino da cartografia no IFPI, nestes cursos, mostrando a inter-relação que deve ter o ensino da Cartografia e o mercado de trabalho. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa realizou-se um estudo teórico, a partir das fontes selecionadas e aplicação de questionários junto aos alunos egressos dos cursos citados e já atuando no mercado de trabalho. A partir dos resultados, constatou-se a importância de um maior investimento tecnológico, em especial cartográfico, nas instituições que comportam os profissionais dessas áreas, bem como a formação continuada dos professores e reformulação da estrutura interna dos cursos. Foi possível visualizar também que os cursos de Geoprocessamento e Estradas possuem grandes possibilidades no mercado de trabalho, o que torna ainda mais importante a contribuição dada por este estudo, no sentido de implementar mudanças necessárias no setor educacional, especificamente nos cursos de Estradas e Geoprocessamento do IFPI
The profound changes by which the world has experienced in this century has produced changes in social work. The education sector can’t remain oblivious to these changes. There is a movement in the educational environment of the whole planet, a major concern that has led to reforms seeking their adaptation to new requirements, especially in the workplace. This paper is an exploratory descriptive study, data were collected from the questionnaires to the professional courses of Technician Roads and Geoprocessamento Technology graduates from IFPI. The analysis was done on a quanti in order to meet the research objectives. We present the results of an evaluation of the teaching of cartography in the IFPI in these courses, showing the interrelationship that must have the teaching of cartography and the labor market. For the development of the research is a theoretical study from selected sources and questionnaires with students and graduates of the courses mentioned already working in the labor market. From the results it was found that the most important is investment in technology, especially cartographic, the institutions that comprise the professionals in these areas as well as ongoing training of teachers and reformulation of the internal structure of the courses. You can also view the courses and Roads GIS have great potential in the labor market. However it is hoped that this study will contribute to improving the feeling of implementing necessary changes in the educational sector, specifically in the courses of roads and Geoprocessamento of IFPI

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Lopes, Paulo Maurício Silva. "Estudo dos atributos do meio físico como base para o zoneamento geoambiental das bacias do rio Passa Cinco e rio da Cabeça: escala 1:50.000." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-19102018-200138/.

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O presente trabalho consistiu no estudo de uma série de atributos do meio físico, como geologia, pedologia, materiais inconsolidados, declividade e menor extensão do percurso da água superficial, entre outros, representados na escala 1:50.000 referentes às bacias hidrográficas dos rios Passa Cinco e Cabeça. Tais atributos foram avaliados, considerando as restrições e potencialidades do meio, buscando uma melhor elaboração das propostas e procedimentos adotados na manutenção da qualidade do meio físico. Para a realização deste estudo, foram utilizados trabalhos já desenvolvidos na área, assim como novos mapas e cartas elaborados durante este, seguindo-se os conceitos da cartografia geoambiental, voltados ao planejamento, proteção e recuperação territorial. Para agilizar os trabalhos de manipulação (armazenamento, recuperação, tratamento, cruzamento e apresentação), foi utilizado um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG-IDRISI), principalmente para obtenção das cartas de Susceptibilidade à Erosão, Potencial à Infiltração e Potencial Agrícola. O resultado final permitiu a obtenção da Carta de Comportamento do Meio Físico como Base para o Zoneamento Geoambiental, onde estão presentes as aptidões, restrições e conflitos de uso, considerando-se neste caso todos os atributos já comentados anteriormente.
Many attributes of the Passa Cinco and Cabeça river hydrographic basins, related to geology, pedology, unconsolidated materials, slope and least water runoff distance, at a 1:50,000 scale, were evaluated. Such attributes based on adequated proposal and procedures were assessed in terms of constraints to determine the basin potentialities. Geoenvironmental cartographic concepts related to planning, protection and management, have been applied in the develop of the charts and maps presented in this works, which, in turn, were base on the extensive research already done in this area. The GIS IDRISI was used to handle data (storing, retrieving, treatment, overlaying and presentation), mainly to elaborate the charts of Erosion Susceptibility, Water lnfiltration Potential and Agricultural Potential. As final result, this work presents an analysis of the environmental attributes to orientate the geoenvironmental zoning, considering all the aspects mentioned above.

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Salhi, Bilel. "Mutations socio-spatiales et environnementales du bassin minier de Gafsa (Sud Ouest de Tunisie) : apport des outils géomatiques." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA3006/document.

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Depuis la fin du 19ème siècle, l’espace minier de Gafsa (Sud-Ouest de Tunisie) s’est spécialisé dans la mono-activité de l’extraction et l’enrichissement du phosphate pour des raisons de profits économiques certains. Avec ces exportations, l’espace a subi une dégradation intense des ressources du sol, de la couverture végétale et une détérioration avancée des zones agricoles. La gestion des infrastructures minières n’a pas su répondre aux normes environnementales et a provoqué ainsi des inégalités sociales et spatiales et a accentué le niveau des risques environnementaux.L’activité minière a été à l’origine de la naissance et de la genèse des villes minières dans le Bassin Minier de Gafsa (BMG). La formation de cités spontanées a provoqué la désarticulation du tissu urbain. Les extensions urbaines notamment l’expansion des quartiers anarchiques, s’étendant vers les laveries et vers les mines, ont créé ainsi des conflits avec le domaine phosphatier. Tenant compte de la complexité des multiples aspects sociaux, spatiaux et environnementaux du BMG, nous avons utilisé à la fois l’approche géographique classique et l’approche géomatique qui nous a semblé appropriée pour aider à la prise de décision. L’intérêt de cette dernière approche permet d’identifier, d’analyser, et de modéliser l’état des lieux, les mutations urbaines et environnementales en relation avec la croissance spatiale-minière. Les principaux résultats permettent d’avoir une banque de données statistiques et cartographiques, à différentes échelles, pour une vision synthétique et une meilleure compréhension du BMG et de réaliser un modèle d’aide à la décision
Since the end of the 19th century, the mining area of Gafsa (south-west Tunisia) has specialized in the single-activity extraction and enrichment of phosphate for reasons of economic profits. With these exports, this area has suffered an intense degradation of soil resources, vegetation cover and an advanced deterioration of agricultural areas. The management of the mining infrastructure has failed to meet environmental standards, causing social and spatial inequalities and increasing the level of environmental risks.The mining activity was at the origin of the birth and genesis of the mining towns in the Basin of Gafsa (BMG). The formation of spontaneous cities has caused the disarticulation of the urbanization. Urban extensions, including the expansion of anarchic cities, extending to laundries and to mines, thus created conflicts with the phosphatier domain. All these factors make costly and complicated attempts at development and rehabilitation that mining companies do not dare to commit.Taking into account the complexity of the many social, spatial and environmental aspects of the BMG, we used both the classical geographical approach and the geomatics approach that seemed appropriate for better decision-making. The interest of this latter approach makes it possible to identify, analyze, and model the state of the sites, the urban and environmental mutations in relation to the spatial-mining growth

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Santos, Alessandro Santiago dos. "Análise espaçotemporal da qualidade do ar em vias urbanas por meio de redes de sensores com nós embarcados em ônibus coletivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-26022018-151028/.

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Os veículos que compõem o tráfego urbano são considerados como o principal agente causador de poluição afetando diretamente a qualidade do ar nas cidades, sendo um desafio ter mecanismos de monitoramento que possibilitem uma visão geral das condições ambientais. Para proporcionar uma visão abrangente seria necessário um grande número de estações fixas de monitoramento da qualidade do ar, além de um incremento constante para acompanhar o crescimento da cidade. Neste cenário, surge a oportunidade de instrumentação de ônibus coletivo com sensores que medem a qualidade do ar durante seu trajeto, assim aproveitando as características de mobilidade do transporte público, o qual transita em áreas povoadas, com postura dinâmica de crescimento, adaptando-se de forma coerente à mutabilidade populacional e geográfica da cidade. A presente tese apresenta novas formas de realizar análises espaçotemporais da qualidade do ar de regiões urbanas. Os modelos cartográficos criados permitem analisar regiões mapeadas usando perspectivas espaciais e temporais com informações obtidas de kits sensores móveis, para análises a cada 100 metros, promovendo uma resolução maior que os modelos tradicionais de monitoramento (escala quilométrica), os quais ainda não oferecem esta possibilidade. Esta maior resolução permite uma nova perspectiva de análises de microrregiões e, desta forma, permite que os especialista ou gestores urbanos possam entender melhor as situações, ao utilizarem as ferramentas e recursos apresentados pela presente tese. Para atingir os objetivos optou-se pela criação e validação de um kit sensor para ser hospedado em ônibus coletivo, o qual foi validado e testado, quanto à sua eficiência de medição. Este kit foi integrado a uma plataforma computacional construída para extrair e processar informações com algoritmos matemáticos. Todos os componentes da plataforma foram legitimados com experimentos que confirmaram as hipóteses inicialmente formuladas para validação. E por fim, mapeamentos com mais de 70 mil pontos foram utilizados na criação de modelos espaçotemporais para realização de estudo de caso de regiões da cidade de São Paulo, os quais demostraram os usos potenciais das proposições desta tese.
The vehicles in urban traffic are considered as the main cause of urban pollution with a direct impact on air quality, being a challenge to have monitoring tools that enable an overview of the environmental conditions influenced by vehicle emissions. One option is to instrument the entire city with low-cost fixed sensors to collect environmental data; however, to provide a comprehensive view would require a large number of sensors, and a constant increase to follow the growth of the city. In this scenario, arises the opportunity for urban bus instrumentation with sensors that measure the environmental pollution, to take advantage of the mobility characteristics of public transport, which moves in populated areas, with dynamic attitude of growth, adapting in a coherent way to population and geographic variability of the city. This PhD Thesis proposes the monitoring of air quality inside urban roads by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), hosted on city buses. Thus, new ways of performing spatiotemporal analyzes of the air quality of urban regions are possible with the cartographic models created by this thesis. These allow to analyze mapped regions using spatial and temporal perspectives with information obtained from mobile sensor kits, for analyzes every 100 meters, promoting a resolution higher than the traditional monitoring models (kilometer scale), which still do not offer this possibility. This higher resolution allows a new perspective of analyzes of micro regions and, in this way, allows specialists or urban managers to have a better understanding of the urban scenario. Sensor kits are created to be hosted by bus, which has been validated and tested for its efficiency in measurement. This was integrated into a computational platform built to extract and process information with mathematical algorithms. All the components of the platform were validated with experiments that confirmed the hypotheses originally formulated for validation. Finally, mappings with more than 70,000 points were used in the creation of spatiotemporal models for the study of the case of regions of the city of São Paulo, which denoted the potentials constructed by this thesis.

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Lübker, Tillmann. "Object-based remote sensing for modelling scenarios of rural livelihoods in the highly structured farmland surrounding Kakamega Forest, western Kenya." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-150628.

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This thesis analyses the highly structured and densely populated farmland surrounding Kakamega Forest (western Kenya) in a spatially-explicit manner. The interdisciplinary approach combines methodologies and technologies from different scientific disciplines: remote sensing with OBIA, GIS and spatially explicit modelling (geomatics and geographic science) with socio-economic as well as agro-economic considerations (human and social sciences) as well as cartographic science. Furthermore, the research is related to conservation biology (biological sciences). Based on an in-situ ground truthing and visual image interpretation, very high spatial resolution QuickBird satellite imagery covering 466 km² of farmland was analysed using the concept of object-based image analysis (OBIA). In an integrative workflow, statistical analysis and expert knowledge were combined to develop a sophisticated rule set. The classification result distinguishing 15 LULC classes was used alongside with temporally extrapolated and spatially re-distributed population data as well as socio-/agro-economic factors in order to create a spatially-explicit typology of the farmland and to model scenarios of rural livelihoods. The farmland typology distinguishes ten types of farmland: 3 sugarcane types (covering 48% of the area), 3 tea types (30%), 2 transitional types (15%), 1 steep terrain type (2%), and 1 central type (5%). The scenarios consider different developments of possible future yields and prices for the main agricultural products sugarcane, tea, and maize. Out of all farmland types, the ‘marginal sugarcane type’ is best prepared to cope with future problems. Besides a comparably low population density, a high share of land under cultivation of food crops coupled with a moderate cultivation of cash crops is characteristic for this type. As part of the research conducted, several novel methodologies were introduced. These include a new conceptual framework for categorizing parameter optimization studies, the area fitness rate (AFR) as a novel discrepancy measure, the technique of ‘classification-based nearest neighbour classification’ for classes which are difficult to separate from others, and a novel approach for accessing the accuracy of OBIA classifications. Finally, this thesis makes a number of recommendations and elaborates promising starting points for further scientific research
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht räumlich-expliziten das stark strukturierte und dicht besiedelte Agrarland um den Kakamega Wald (Westkenia). Dabei kombiniert der interdisziplinäre Ansatz Methoden und Technologien verschiedener Wissenschaftsbereiche: die Fernerkundung mit der objekt-basierten Bildanalyse (OBIA), GIS und die räumlich-explizite Modellierung (Geoinformatik und Geographie) mit sozio- und agro-ökonomische Aspekten (Human- und Sozialwissenschaft) sowie der Kartographie. Zudem steht die Arbeit in Bezug zum Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt (Biologie). Ausgehend von einer Referenzdatenerfassung vor Ort und einer visuellen Bildinterpretation wurden räumlich sehr hochauflösende QuickBird-Satellitenbilddaten, die 466 km² des Agrarlandes abdecken, mit Hilfe von OBIA ausgewertet. In einem integrativen Ansatz wurden dabei statistische Verfahren und Expertenwissen kombiniert, um einen ausgefeilten Regelsatz zur Klassifizierung zu erzeugen. Das Klassifizierungsergebnis unterscheidet 15 Klassen der Landnutzung bzw. -bedeckung; zusammen mit zeitlich extrapolierten und räumlich neu verteilten Bevölkerungsdaten sowie sozio- und agro-ökonomischen Faktoren ermöglichte es, eine räumlich-explizite Typologie des Agrarlandes zu erstellen und Szenarien zum ländlichen Auskommen zu modellieren. Die Agrarlandtypologie unterscheidet zehn Landtypen: 3 Zuckerrohr-dominierte Typen (48% des Gebietes), 3 Tee-dominierte Typen (30%), 2 Übergangstypen (15%), 1 Typ steilen Geländes (2%) und 1 zentralen Typ (5%). Die Szenarien betrachten mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen der Erträge und Preise der Hauptanbauarten Zuckerrohr, Tee und Mais. Von allen Agrarlandtypen ist der „marginal Zuckerrohr-dominierte Typ“ am besten gerüstet, um zukünftigen Problemen zu begegnen. Bezeichnend für diesen Typ sind – neben einer vergleichsweise geringen Bevölkerungsdichte – ein hoher Anteil an Nahrungsmittelanbau zusammen mit einem gemäßigten Anbau von exportorientierten Agrarprodukten. Als Teil der Forschungsarbeit werden verschiedene neuartige Methoden vorgestellt, u.a. ein neuer konzeptioneller Rahmen für das Kategorisieren von Studien zur Parameteroptimierung, die „area fitness rate“ (AFR) als neue Messgröße für Flächendiskrepanzen, die klassifikations-basierte Nächster-Nachbar Klassifizierung sowie ein Ansatz zum Bestimmen der Güte von OBIA-Klassifizierungen. Schließlich gibt die Arbeit eine Reihe von Empfehlungen und bietet vielversprechende Ausgangspunkte für weiterführende wissenschaftliche Forschungen

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cartography and GIS'

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