Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Caryopse'
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Lehouque, Gaëlle. "Recherche des causes de la fissuration du caryopse de mai͏̈s : études physiologiques, génétiques et moléculaires." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSL0243.
Full textMartel, Claude. "Evolution du caryopse de l'orge au cours du développement, de la maturation et du maltage évolution des amyloplastes et de l'amidon /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376159039.
Full textMartel, Claude. "Étude du caryopse de l'orge au cours du développement, de la maturation et du maltage : évolution des amyloplastes et de l'amidon." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10386.
Full textAl, Saleh Abboud. "Etude des aspects rhéologiques, ultrastructuraux et biochimiques liés à l'hydratation et à la vitrosité du caryopse de blé dur (Triticum durum L.)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600990n.
Full textNesbitt, Robert Mark Andrew. "Archaeobotanical identification of Near Eastern grass caryopses." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245762.
Full textQuérou, Rodolphe. "Absorption et devenir du triticonazole dans la plante de blé après traitement de la semence." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10176.
Full textAl-Maskari, Ahmed bin Yahya. "The influence of Cycocel on the responses of wheat plants to water limitations." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4737/.
Full textLecat, Sophie. "Quelques aspects metaboliques de la dormance des semences d'avoine (avena sativa l. ) : etude plus particuliere de l'action des glumelles." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066472.
Full textLunn, Gavin David. "Analysis of the effects of environment on protein body development in wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) caryopses." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239099.
Full textGatica, Roberto Armando 1963. "Caryopsis and spikelet characteristics related to germination behavior in Digitaria californica." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278531.
Full textLempereur, Isabelle. "Bases physico-chimiques du fractionnement et de la fragmentation des grains de blé dur (Triticum durum Desf. ) par voie sèche." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20093.
Full textXia, Jing. "Immunocytochemical localisation of arabinoxylans in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) caryopsis using a polyclonal antibody." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396093.
Full textKlak, Cornelia. "Embryo and caryopsis morphology of danthonoid grasses (Arundinoideae: Poaceae): important characters for their systematics?" Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25967.
Full textChamusco, Karen. "Morphological survey and characterization of programmed cell death in the placenta-chalaza and endosperm in the developing caryopsis of maize." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006760.
Full textLin, Che-Yu, and 林哲宇. "The caryopsis morphology and seedling leaf anatomy of the genus Digitaria in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73330392210987012122.
Full text國立成功大學
生命科學系碩博士班
96
Economically grasses are the most important plant family, in addition, they are the widely distributed group of vascular plants and have an extraordinary range of adaptation. In the grass family (Poaceae), the genus Digitaria are numerous and widely distributed in Taiwan. Fifteen taxa including fourteen species and two varieties are recognized, and are a difficult taxonomic group. The caryopsis morphology and seedling leaf anatomy of these taxa were studied by microscopy, and these data were entered as a DELTA database and then the cluster analysis was conducted by UPGMA and PCO. In general, the caryopsis are oblong-ovate, and the embryo are longer then 1/3 length of the caryopsis. Meanwhile, the punctuate hilium are 1/10~2/10 length of the caryopsis. There are some differences in the length of caryopsis and the ratios of length to width of the caryopsis. Their first leaves are horizontal or ascendant, and the shapes are various (oblong, oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate). The ratios of length to width of the first leaf are usually smaller than 7. The characters of leaf cross section are basically the same. However, there are some differences in the leaf lower epidermis especially the length of long cells, stomata, and macrohairs, etc. when measured.The results show the caryopsis morphology and seedling leaf anatomy characters are useful for species identification in the genus Digitaria in Taiwan. A key to species of the genus Digitaria in Taiwan is made based on the characteristics of caryopsis morphology and seedling leaf anatomy.
Lee, Ya-Ting, and 李雅婷. "Effects of temperature stress on ethylene synthesis and rice caryopsis development during grain-filling stage." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99447877170391163399.
Full text國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
100
Temperature stress impacts grain quality and yield in grain-filling stage of rice. Ethylene manipulation during heading stage of rice correlates positively with chalkiness. In this study, rice cultivar TK9 was used as experimental material. After flowering, the flowering rice plants were moved to growth chamber for temperature treatments (20, 25 and 35 oC) for 15 days. In order to understand the regulatory mechanism between ethylene and temperature treatments, GC was utilized to analysis the ethylene evolution rate in the temperature treatment phase. Mature grain quality and storage content and physiologic responses of the developing grain were investigated. Real-time quantitative PCR was further utilized as a tool to realize the responses of the gene expression involved in related physiological processes. In appearance of the grain quality analysis, high temperature defected grain quality. Poor grain quality, grain weight reducing and lower storage contents were occurred by high temperature. Superior spikelets had higher grain weight and better quality than inferior spikelets. The percentage of sterility spikelets was the highest at low temperature treatment. In physiologic analysis, including chlorophyll, H2O2, and ATP assays, high temperature increased H2O2 accumulation and chlorophyll degeneration and also decreased ATP concentration, but low temperature had opposite results. Both high and low temperatures caused acidification and cell death. In ethylene evolution rate analysis, both high and low temperatures accelerated ethylene evolution peak, and inferior spikelets had higher amount of ethylene evolution than superior spikelets. In gene expression analysis, high temperature restrained the gene expressions of starch synthesis enzymes, protein synthesis enzymes, anti-oxidation enzymes and PDHA3, and it as well increased the gene expressions of ADH and PAO. Compared with high temperature, low temperature delayed the time of the gene expressions of starch synthesis enzymes and protein synthesis enzymes. Genes involved in ethylene synthesis and ethylene transcription factors all induced at the early stage of developing caryopsis under high temperature. Treatment of high temperature (35 oC) with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (AOA) increased the content of starch and protein, grain weight and the percentage of perfect grains. Treatment of normal temperature (25 oC) with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) decreased yield and the appearance quality. These results revealed that temperature stress influence physiological pathways by ethylene, and the inhibition of ethylene synthesis can improve the appearance quality and grain yield at the early grain-filling stage.
Yen, Jen-Hsiang, and 顏任祥. "Establishment of the Method for Oxygen Concentration Measurement in Rice Caryopsis during Grain-Filling Stage." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60125366448182792625.
Full text國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
103
Rice chalky grain formation under high temperature is known to be related to the metabolic alteration under stress. Internal oxygen concentration is crucial for maintaining energy balance for starch, protein, and lipid assimilations during rice grain development. Documents revealed that hypoxia metabolism may occur in developing endosperm under high temperature. Therefore, it has hypothesized that internal oxygen level might be correlated with the chalkiness formation of rice grain under high temperature. However, no method for measuring internal oxygen concentration in rice grain has been developed in the world so far. Thus, the aim of the present study was to establish possible methods for measuring oxygen level in developing rice grain, and hope to clarify the relationship between oxygen concentration and grain chalkiness formation under high temperature. A high quality cultivar Tai-keng 9 (TK 9) was used as material which were exposed to high temperature (35 oC) or control temperature (25 oC) treatment during the grain-filling stage . Caryopsis samples were collected at different development stages base on the cumulative temperature after flowering. In this research, a planar oxygen sensor (PreSens, Germany) was used to measure internal oxygen of caryopsis and an oxygen microsensor (PreSens, Germany) was used to verify the value of oxygen concentration. The results showed that oxygen concentration of caryopsis decreased from external to internal at every grain-filling stage, that is, it is hypoxia at central endosperm. At the same time, caryopsis oxygen concentration under high temperature seemed to be lower than the control, although it didn’t show statistically significant difference. Due to the high time consuming for the oxygen measurement of rice caryopsis, the number of experimental replicate was very much limited; which would lead a large measurement variation at the present study. In summary, the present study has established the method of measuring internal oxygen concentration in developing rice caryopsis, and showed the preliminary results about the change of oxygen concentration at different stages. In the future, the method can be modified and improved to understand the relationship among internal oxygen level, metabolism process, and grain quality formation, especially under stressful environments.
Lin, Shao-Kai, and 林韶凱. "Study on the Relationship between High Temperature, Caryopsis Gene Expression, and Quality Formation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79832006608099601754.
Full text國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
93
Chapter 1 Proteins are essential to rice caryopsis development and quality formation. High temperature is an important environmental factor which may decrease grain quality. In the present study rice caryopsis proteins were profiled by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Expressions of more than 400 polypeptide spots during caryopsis development, in response to temperature treatments or between varieties were monitored. Among them, more than 70 differentially expressed polypeptides were analyzed by LCMSMS and 54 proteins were identified with known functions. Of these, 21 were involved with carbohydrate metabolism, 14 with protein synthesis and sorting, and 9 with stress responses. Waxy (Wx) proteins and glutelins were the most prominous spots increased significantly during development. Allergen-like proteins, pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase and NADH-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase, were also expressed during development, implying their physiological roles in caryopsis. Expression of large isoforms of Wx proteins was correlated with the amylose content of rice caryopsis. One protein with high GC content in its DNA sequence was correlated with the chalky trait of kernels. High temperature (35/30 ℃) decreased expression of Wx proteins, allergen-like proteins and elongation factor 1 β, but increased expression of small heat shock proteins (sHSP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and prolamin. The level of sHSP was positively correlated with the appearance of chalky kernels. During development, glutelins were phosphorylated and glycosylated, indicating these molecules were post-translationally modified. Possible functions of the expression of candidate proteins on grain quality are discussed. In addition, the expression of related genes at the RNA level were also monitored by RT-PCR. Chapter 2 Temperature is a major environmental factor on grains quality formation. High temperature may reduce rice grains quality. The components of starch and proteins are the other factors to influence the grain quality of rice. Under temperature influences, the final grain quality of caryopsis is determined by the physiological responses of biochemical processes and dry mass accumulation during caryopsis development. The present study focused on the relationship between the effects of high temperature on gene expression profilings and grain quality formation during developmental stages in rice caryopsis. The result of thermo-images analysis showed that rice panicles or grains dissipated heat slowly as compared to other organs, implying that rice panicles may be more sensitive and vulnerable to high-temperature environment. High temperature leads to decrease in panicle weight, filled spikelets rate, thousand spikelets weight and grains yield; produced sever chalky appearance kernels on panicles. High temperature influenced endosperm cell differentiation and reduced DNA endoreduplication. In japonica type rice, high temperature also resulted in lower amylose and protein contents. In grain physical chemical properties, high temperature decreased viscosity but increased pasting temperature and gel consistency of brown rice flour. At molecular basis, high temperature reduced the expression of GBSS in Japonica rice varieties; as TNG67, however, high temperature enhanced starch synthase II gene expression in Indica rice varieties, as TN1. Either the decrease of GBSS or increase of starch synthase II would lead to a lower amylase ratio in rice grains. Prolamins contents declined in mature rice grains of all three cultivars grown at high temperature. However, the effects of high temperature on storage proteins were different with varieties. The changing in amylose and protein contents may cause the observed negative effect of physical chemical characteristics of the rice flour. In addition, high temperature could enhance the proteins expression of 16.9c HSP, 17.9 HSP, 18 HSP, glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase and elongation factor 1 beta, while reduced the expression of nucleotide diphosphate kinase and allergen-like proteins. Based on the present results, high temperature caused a complex physiological and metabolic responses related to starch and protein accumulation and packing in rice grains. Thus resulted in defective quality of rice grain. A schematic model has been proposed to depict the influence of high temperature on grain quality formation in rice.
Li, Chia-Yu, and 李佳諭. "Studies on the Relationship between MicroRNAs and High Temperature Effects on Quality Formation in Developing Caryopsis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54333882772006019910.
Full text國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
101
The chalkiness of rice grain is a primary defect under high temperature stress. The building of chalky endosperm was a result of low energy status, high oxidative stress, high endosperm acidification, and high ethylene evolution within caryopsis developing under high temperature. To gain insight into the mechanisms caused the physiological and biochemical changes, the expression profiles of miRNAs under high temperature in the developing caryopsis of TK9 were studied by microarray analyses. TK9 (Oryza sativa L. Japonica cv. Taiken 9) is a heat sensitive rice variety having a higher ratio of chalky grain under high temperature. After verified by qRT-PCR (real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction), thirty six miRNAs were confirmed to respond to high temperature. Compared the chromosomal locations of potential miRNA targets with that of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) related to the buildup of chalky endosperm, thirty out of 81 potential target genes were confirmed to be separately down-regulated by 17 miRNAs. Under high temperature, at 6- to 9-day caryopsis, two miRNAs, miR812 and miR818, were induced, while their predicted target genes, citrate carrier and pex14, showed expected inverse patterns. The decreased expressions of citrate export (citrate carrier) from mitochondria and pex14 may result in improved TCA cycle and reduced function of peroxisome, respectively. Moreover, the transcriptomes of a high temperature resistant mutant, SA1737, and its corresponding wild type, TNG67 (Oryza sativa L. Japonica cv. Tainung 67) was profiled by DNA microarray analyses. In total, 6,009 genes having significantly different expression levels were detected in compare with high temperature. 7 of them are the putative target genes of 5 miRNAs. These miRNAs in TK9 involving in responsiveness to high temperature indicated that miRNAs may have a regulatory role in the development of chalky grain upon high temperature. LON protease was a predicted target of siR806, suppression of LON protease in SA1737 suggested inhibition of proteolysis within mitochondria was crucial for the resistance to high temperature in developing caryopsis. LPP3 (lipid phosphate phosphatase 3), the enzyme catalyzed the dephosphorylation of PA (phosphatidic acid) was predicted to be a regulatory target of miR319. Suppression of LPP3 and accumulation of PA in TNG67 could activate ethylene signaling pathway under high temperature. In addition, two genes (pyruvate kinase and alcohol dehydrogenase) involved in energy metabolism were examined in TK9. Both genes were co-regulated under high temperature, indicating that the energy production in developing caryopsis has been switched to the anaerobic pathway. Furthermore, to test whether ethylene accumulation in the developing caryopsis is related to the endosperm acidification and chalky occurrence under high temperature, an inhibitor of ethylene production (AgNO3) was applied to the developing caryopses of TK9 plants. As expected, the level of endosperm acidification and the ratio of chalky occurrence were reduced under high temperature. In this study, we identified miRNA-mediated regulations that responded to high temperature in developing rice grain. The data shed light on transcriptional gene regulations in chalky grain development under high temperature. The information obtained here could further be used by breeders to develop potential strategies for breeding heat-tolerant rice cultivars.
Štiasna, Klára. "Využitie genetických markerov u hexaploidných pšeníc s neštandartným sfarbením obilky =:The use of genetic markers in hexaploid wheats with non-standard coloured caryopsis /." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-426258.
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