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1
Kaveshnikov, V. S., V. N. Serebryakova, I. A. Trubacheva, and S. A. Shalnova. "Carotid Atherosclerosis Severity in Unorganized Adult Population." Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 15, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-1-84-89.
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Aim.To study sex and age distribution of ultrasound parameters characterizing carotid atherosclerotic (CAS) severity in the unorganized urban population.Material and methods. The data obtained in Tomsk as a fragment of the ESSE-RF study are presented (n=1600; 25-64 years age; 59% – women). All participants signed informed consent. We studied CAS plaque count, both total and maximum plaque thickness and stenosis degree in the carotid arteries.Results. The general population quantitative indicators of CAS increased with age, most actively in 40-54 years in men and 45-59 years in women. At the age of 40-44 years in men, the growth of the general population indicators was due to a noticeable increase in both plaque prevalence and of CAS severity. In 45-49 years, the prevalence increased intensively, whereas in 50-54 years growth of plaque count/size indicators were more attributive. In women 45-59 years old formation of the general population indicators concerned was mostly due to steady increase in the plaque prevalence, while out of all quantitative CAS parameters the total stenosis degree only increased significantly in 50-54 years. The general population indicators of CAS severity were higher in men than in women starting up with the age of 40 and until 55 the gender effect was merely explained by the difference in the plaque prevalence.Conclusion. Features of the gender and age distribution of the quantitative parameters of CAS among the adult urban population are determined; the age periods of their most active growth are established. The presented data on the CAS severity percentile distribution can be useful as an additional tool for risk stratification and the choice of therapy/lifestyle modification tactics in people of working age. Further studies are needed to help to explain the trends and to clarify the predictive role of the indicators studied.
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Zhernakova, Yu V., V. S. Kaveshnikov, V. N. Serebriakova, I. A. Trubacheva, Ye V. Oshepkova, T. V. Balahonova, R. S. Karpov, and I. Ye Chazova. "The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in spontaneous populations in Tomsk." Systemic Hypertension 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/sg29046.
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Modern data on the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in the general population are very limited both in Russia and abroad. In this study we investigated the prevalence of CAS using screening ultrasound examination in a random sample of spontaneous population aged 25-64 years in urbanized city of Western Siberia as part of a multicenter observational study ESSE-RF (epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in different regions of the Russian Federation).The CAS prevalence was 36,4% in males and 24,4% in women in the examined population. We determined large variation of atherosclerotic plaques prevalence, depending on the age and gender. The CAS prevalence in creased more intense in males up to 50 years and in women 50 up to 59 years. Men were twice as likely to had been diagnosed CAS than women. The prevalence of CAS associated with amount of narrowing less than 25 and 50% or more in the examined population was 68,5%, and less than 1%, respectively. According to the results of the study we shouldpay great attention to the processes, leading to intensive development of CAS in the population aged 35-44 years, especially in men. The development of effective approaches to the control of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in this age group could be a very appropriate measure for preventing the rapid development of the CAS in the population.
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Sun, Jianyun, Long Wang, Qian Yang, Taofeng Zhou, Xianhui Ding, Ke Yang, and Zhiming Zhou. "The Association of Paraoxonase-1 Polymorphism with Carotid Artery Stenosis among Elderly Chinese Population." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (February 18, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3084120.
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Elderly population is in high risk of carotid atherosclerosis and artery stenosis (CAS). It has been proved that PON1 polymorphism is associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, which plays an important role in artery atherosclerosis. CAS is an important cause of ischemic stroke. This study is aimed at investigating the association of PON1 (rs662) polymorphism with the risk of CAS among elderly Chinese population. Consecutive elderly patients with CAS were enrolled into the study. Genotyping for PON1 (rs662) polymorphism was performed on all participants. There were 310 CAS patients in this study, with 88 symptomatic CAS and 222 asymptomatic CAS. G allele had a frequency of 59.66% in symptomatic CAS (sCAS); and A allele had an incidence of 36.93% in asymptomatic CAS (aCAS) (P<0.05). In all CAS patients with and without symptom, no associations were found in any genotype comparison. However, among aCAS subjects, based on GA phenotype, the odds ratio (OR) of the mutant GG with stenosis severity was 0.20 (P=0.01). The OR of GG+GA mutation was 0.28 for moderate/severe severity, compared with GA type (P=0.03). This study indicates that PON1 (rs662) polymorphism is not associated with the presence of symptom among CAS patients. Moreover, PON1 (rs662) polymorphism correlates with stenosis severity among aCAS.
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Hayakawa, Mikito, Kenji Sugiu, Shinichi Yoshimura, Tomohito Hishikawa, Hiroshi Yamagami, Mayumi Fukuda-Doi, Nobuyuki Sakai, et al. "Effectiveness of staged angioplasty for avoidance of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid revascularization." Journal of Neurosurgery 132, no. 1 (January 2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.8.jns18887.
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OBJECTIVECerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is a serious complication after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Staged angioplasty (SAP)—i.e., angioplasty followed by delayed CAS—has been reported as a potential CHS-avoiding procedure. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of SAP in avoiding CHS after carotid revascularization for patients at high risk for this complication.METHODSThe authors retrospectively studied cases involving patients at high risk for CHS from 44 Japanese centers who were scheduled for SAP, regular CAS, angioplasty, or staged procedures other than SAP between October 2007 and March 2014. They investigated the rate of CHS in the population scheduled for SAP or regular CAS, and for safety analysis, the composite rate of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke in the population eventually receiving SAP or regular CAS.RESULTSData from a total of 525 patients (532 lesions, mean age 72.5 ± 7.5 years, 74 women ) were analyzed. Scheduled procedures included SAP for 113 lesions and regular CAS for 419 lesions. The rate of CHS was lower in the SAP group than in the regular CAS group (4.4% vs 10.5%, p = 0.047). Multivariate analysis showed that SAP was negatively related to CHS (OR 0.315; 95% CI 0.120–0.828). In the population eventually receiving SAP (102 lesions) or regular CAS (428 lesions), the composite rate of TIA and ischemic stroke was comparable between the SAP group and the regular CAS group (9.8% vs 9.3%).CONCLUSIONSSAP may be an effective and safe carotid revascularization procedure to avoid CHS.
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Daileda, Taylor, Farhaan S. Vahidy, Peng Roc Chen, Hooman Kamel, Conrad W. Liang, Sean I. Savitz, and Sunil A. Sheth. "Long-term retreatment rates of cerebral aneurysms in a population-level cohort." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 11, no. 4 (September 5, 2018): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014112.
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BackgroundThe likelihood of retreatment in patients undergoing procedures for cerebral aneurysms (CAs) has an important role in deciding the optimal treatment type. Existing determinations of retreatment rates, particularly for unruptured CAs, may not represent current clinical practice.ObjectiveTo use population-level data to examine a large cohort of patients with treated CAs over a 10-year period to estimate retreatment rates for both ruptured and unruptured CAs and explore the effect of changing treatment practices.MethodsWe used administrative data from all non-federal hospitalizations in California (2005–2011) and Florida (2005–2014) and identified patients with treated CAs. Surgical clipping (SC) and endovascular treatments (ETs) were defined by corresponding procedure codes and an accompanying code for ruptured or unruptured CA. Retreatment was defined as subsequent SC or ET.ResultsAmong 19 482 patients with treated CAs, ET was performed in 12 007 (62%) patients and SC in 7475 (38%). 9279 (48%) patients underwent treatment for unruptured CAs and 10203 (52%) for ruptured. Retreatment after 90 days occurred in 1624 (8.3%) patients (11.2% vs 3.7%, ET vs SC). Retreatment rates for SC were greater in unruptured than in ruptured aneurysms (4.6% vs 3.1%), but the opposite was true for ET (10.6% vs 11.8%). 85% of retreatments were within 2 years of the index treatment. Retreatment was associated with age (OR=0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 0.99), female sex (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.7), Hispanic versus white race (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.98), and ET versus SC (OR=3.25, 95% CI 2.85 to 3.71). The adjusted 2-year retreatment rate decreased from 2005 to 2012 for patients with unruptured CAs treated with ET (11% to 8%).ConclusionsRetreatment rates for CAs treated with ET were greater than those for SC. However, for patients with unruptured CAs treated with ET, we identify a continuous decline in retreatment rate over the past decade.
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Vashdi, Elad, Amit Avramov, Špela Falatov, Huang Yi-Chen, Jiang Pei-Ru, and Paula Teodora Mamina-Chiriac. "New Insights into CAS Population Profile and Interaction with Autism – A Wide Retrospective Research." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 11, no. 3sup1 (2020): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.3sup1/134.
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Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) profile is examined in this article to reveal new insights. These insights might have big influence on the clinical aspect of the phenomenon. One of the interesting insights founded was the close relationship between the CAS population and Autism. Since Autism is such a high incidence phenomenon, it implicates to CAS as well. A retrospective research was conducted based on 277 entry level evaluations of children diagnosed with CAS or suspected CAS who visited a private clinic between the years 2006-2013. The analysis included speech variables along background and environmental variables. This article is dealing with the non-speech variables that enable us to observe other parts of this phenomenon. The main findings are within the areas of diagnosis, age group, educational frames, ear infections, gender, development at first year, babbling and age and speech skill. Some of the results were not as expected. Further discussion regarding every result and implication is included as well as regarding the interaction between CAS and Autism.
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Bouhidel, Mohamed Larbi, Fayçal Beichi, Atika Bouhidel, Hachani Khadraoui, Imene Benamira, Mahdia Saidi, Abdelouahab Maaref, and Hocine Bounecer. "Cancer register in the Wilaya of Batna. The 2011 report." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2012): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmsoa.2015.2205.
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Le registre du cancer de la wilaya de Batna est un registre de population, couvrant 1.173.852 habitants en 2011 (estimation avec un taux d’accroissement annuel de 1,58% à partir du recensement général de la population et de l’habitat RGPH 2008). Au total, 768 nouveaux cas de cancer ont été notifiés ; ce qui représente une incidence standardisée de 78,2 cas pour 100 000 habitants. Les cancers les plus fréquents chez l’homme sont respectivement : le cancer broncho-pulmonaire (12,2 cas/100 000 hbts) suivi du cancer colorectal et du cancer de la vessie. Chez la femme, le cancer du sein occupe largement le premier rang (25,2 cas/100 000 hbts) ce qui représente plus de 30% des cancers chez la femme. En deuxième position, se trouve le cancer colorectal suivi des cancers de la vésicule biliaire et de la thyroïde. La pathologie tumorale chez l’enfant (0-14 ans), dont l’incidence standardisée est de 1,9 cas/100 000 habitants, est dominée par le cancer du sang et des organes lymphoïdes.
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McGrath, J. J., K. A. McLaughlin, S. Saha, S. Aguilar-Gaxiola, A. Al-Hamzawi, J. Alonso, R. Bruffaerts, et al. "The association between childhood adversities and subsequent first onset of psychotic experiences: a cross-national analysis of 23 998 respondents from 17 countries." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 7 (January 9, 2017): 1230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716003263.
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BackgroundAlthough there is robust evidence linking childhood adversities (CAs) and an increased risk for psychotic experiences (PEs), little is known about whether these associations vary across the life-course and whether mental disorders that emerge prior to PEs explain these associations.MethodWe assessed CAs, PEs and DSM-IV mental disorders in 23 998 adults in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to investigate the associations between CAs and PEs, and the influence of mental disorders on these associations using multivariate logistic models.ResultsExposure to CAs was common, and those who experienced any CAs had increased odds of later PEs [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–2.6]. CAs reflecting maladaptive family functioning (MFF), including abuse, neglect, and parent maladjustment, exhibited the strongest associations with PE onset in all life-course stages. Sexual abuse exhibited a strong association with PE onset during childhood (OR 8.5, 95% CI 3.6–20.2), whereas Other CA types were associated with PE onset in adolescence. Associations of other CAs with PEs disappeared in adolescence after adjustment for prior-onset mental disorders. The population attributable risk proportion (PARP) for PEs associated with all CAs was 31% (24% for MFF).ConclusionsExposure to CAs is associated with PE onset throughout the life-course, although sexual abuse is most strongly associated with childhood-onset PEs. The presence of mental disorders prior to the onset of PEs does not fully explain these associations. The large PARPs suggest that preventing CAs could lead to a meaningful reduction in PEs in the population.
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Fagot, J. P., S. Samson, J. Merlière, P. Gabach, and A. Fagot. "L’association fréquente des pathologies somatiques aux troubles psychiatriques en population adulte, à travers les données de l’Assurance Maladie." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.233.
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Introduction.Les fréquences des pathologies somatiques chez les adultes atteints de maladies psychiatriques sont peu documentées.Méthodes.Les bénéficiaires du régime général de l’Assurance Maladie en 2010, âgés d’au moins 18 ans, pris en charge pour troubles psychiatriques ont été identifiés dans le SNIIRAM à partir des diagnostics liés aux :– affections de longue durée ;– hospitalisations (PMSI-MCO, SSR, RIM-P) ;– arrêts de travail et invalidité [1].Les maladies somatiques ont été déterminées à partir des diagnostics liés aux affections de longue durée et aux hospitalisations [1]. Les prévalences ont été standardisées sur âge et sexe pour comparaison à celles observées en population générale.Résultats.En 2010, près de 2,1 millions d’adultes (5 %) avaient un trouble psychiatrique retrouvé dans le SNIIRAM, et 44 % d’entre eux avaient également une pathologie somatique retrouvée. Les pathologies somatiques les plus fréquemment retrouvées étaient les maladies cardiovasculaires (15 %), les affections respiratoires (11 %), le diabète (10 %) et les cancers (9,3 %). Par rapport à la population générale, une maladie cardiovasculaire était moins fréquemment retrouvée en cas de schizophrénie (fréquence brute : 5 %, ratio standardisé : 0,9), mais plus souvent en cas d’autres pathologies psychiatriques (16 %, ratio : 1,8 en cas d’épisode dépressif ou troubles de l’humeur). Un cancer était également moins souvent retrouvé que dans la population générale en cas de schizophrénie (3,3 %, ratio : 0,8), mais plus souvent en cas d’addictions (10,7 %, ratio : 2,1) ou de troubles anxieux (12 %, ratio : 1,6).Discussion.Par rapport à la population générale, certaines pathologies somatiques sont plus fréquemment retrouvées en présence de troubles psychiatriques, sauf en cas de schizophrénie. La connaissance de ces associations peut permettre aux soignants d’améliorer la prise en charge des pathologies somatiques comme des pathologies psychiatriques.
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Pauly, Matthew D., Maria A. Bautista, Jesse A. Black, and Rachel J. Whitaker. "Diversified local CRISPR-Cas immunity to viruses of Sulfolobus islandicus." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1772 (March 25, 2019): 20180093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0093.
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The population diversity and structure of CRISPR-Cas immunity provides key insights into virus–host interactions. Here, we examined two geographically and genetically distinct natural populations of the thermophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus islandicus and their interactions with Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs) and S. islandicus rod-shaped viruses (SIRVs). We found that both virus families can be targeted with high population distributed immunity, whereby most immune strains target a virus using unique unshared CRISPR spacers. In Kamchatka, Russia, we observed high immunity to chronic SSVs that increases over time. In this context, we found that some SSVs had shortened genomes lacking genes that are highly targeted by the S. islandicus population, indicating a potential mechanism of immune evasion. By contrast, in Yellowstone National Park, we found high inter- and intra-strain immune diversity targeting lytic SIRVs and low immunity to chronic SSVs. In this population, we observed evidence of SIRVs evolving immunity through mutations concentrated in the first five bases of protospacers. These results indicate that diversity and structure of antiviral CRISPR-Cas immunity for a single microbial species can differ by both the population and virus type, and suggest that different virus families use different mechanisms to evade CRISPR-Cas immunity. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems’.
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Würthwein, Gudrun, Charlotte Young, Claudia Lanvers-Kaminsky, Georg Hempel, Mirjam N. Trame, Rainer Schwerdtfeger, Helmut Ostermann, et al. "Population Pharmacokinetics of Liposomal Amphotericin B and Caspofungin in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Recipients." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 1 (November 14, 2011): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00265-11.
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ABSTRACTLiposomal amphotericin B (LAMB) and caspofungin (CAS) are important antifungal agents in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (aHSCT) recipients. Little is known, however, about the pharmacokinetics (PK) of both agents and their combination in this population. The PK of LAMB and CAS and the potential for PK interactions between both agents were investigated within a risk-stratified, randomized phase II clinical trial in 53 adult aHSCT recipients with granulocytopenia and refractory fever. Patients received either LAMB (n= 17; 3 mg/kg once a day [QD]), CAS (n= 19; 50 mg QD; day 1, 70 mg), or the combination of both (CAS-LAMB;n= 17) for a median duration of 10 to 13 days (range, 4 to 28 days) until defervescence and granulocyte recovery. PK sampling was performed on days 1 and 4. Drug concentrations in plasma (LAMB, 405 samples; CAS, 458 samples) were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography and were analyzed using population pharmacokinetic modeling. CAS concentration data best fitted a two-compartment model with a proportional error model and interindividual variability (IIV) for clearance (CL) and central volume of distribution (V1) (CL, 0.462 liter/h ± 25%;V1, 8.33 liters ± 29%; intercompartmental clearance [Q], 1.25 liters/h; peripheral volume of distribution [V2], 3.59 liters). Concentration data for LAMB best fitted a two-compartment model with a proportional error model and IIV for all parameters (CL, 1.22 liters/h ± 64%;V1, 19.2 liters ± 38%;Q, 2.18 liters/h ± 47%;V2, 52.8 liters ± 84%). Internal model validation showed predictability and robustness of both models. None of the covariates tested (LAMB or CAS comedication, gender, body weight, age, body surface area, serum bilirubin, and creatinine clearance) further improved the models. In summary, the disposition of LAMB and CAS was best described by two-compartment models. Drug exposures in aHSCT patients were comparable to those in other populations, and no PK interactions were observed between the two compounds.
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Belkahla, M., L. Boussofara, A. Aounallah, I. Bougmiza, M. Ben Moussa, O. Achour, N. Ghariani, M. Denguezli, C. Belajouza, and R. Nouira. "Psoriasis et comorbidité dans la population tunisienne : étude cas témoin." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 140, no. 12 (December 2013): S550—S551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annder.2013.09.427.
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Magano, José, Diogo Guedes Vidal, Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e. Sousa, Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis, and Ângela Leite. "Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Associations with Travel, Tourism and Hospitality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020427.
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The aim of this study is to determine the anxiety and fear related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their associations with travel, tourism and hospitality, in the Portuguese population. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) were validated for the Portuguese population and correlations with issues related to travel, tourism and hospitality were established. CAS and FCV-19S presented a good adjustment model and solid reliability and validity. Correlations between CAS and FCV-19S and the perception of the impact of COVID-19 in travel, tourism and hospitality were found. Participants considered that COVID-19 mainly affected their holidays and leisure time. However, the strongest correlation established was between total FCV-19S and emotional fear FCV-19S and the fear of attending hotel facilities. The Portuguese versions of CAS and FCV-19S are reliable psychological tools to assess anxiety and fear in relation to COVID-19 for the general population. The use of hotel facilities is the most threatening issue related to travel, tourism and hospitality. The results suggest that hotels should invest in hygiene and safety measures that allow users to regain confidence in hotel equipment.
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Magano, José, Diogo Guedes Vidal, Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e. Sousa, Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis, and Ângela Leite. "Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Associations with Travel, Tourism and Hospitality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020427.
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The aim of this study is to determine the anxiety and fear related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their associations with travel, tourism and hospitality, in the Portuguese population. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) were validated for the Portuguese population and correlations with issues related to travel, tourism and hospitality were established. CAS and FCV-19S presented a good adjustment model and solid reliability and validity. Correlations between CAS and FCV-19S and the perception of the impact of COVID-19 in travel, tourism and hospitality were found. Participants considered that COVID-19 mainly affected their holidays and leisure time. However, the strongest correlation established was between total FCV-19S and emotional fear FCV-19S and the fear of attending hotel facilities. The Portuguese versions of CAS and FCV-19S are reliable psychological tools to assess anxiety and fear in relation to COVID-19 for the general population. The use of hotel facilities is the most threatening issue related to travel, tourism and hospitality. The results suggest that hotels should invest in hygiene and safety measures that allow users to regain confidence in hotel equipment.
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Wang, Aobo, and David C. Wheeler. "Catchment Area Analysis Using Bayesian Regression Modeling." Cancer Informatics 14s2 (January 2015): CIN.S17297. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cin.s17297.
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A catchment area (CA) is the geographic area and population from which a cancer center draws patients. Defining a CA allows a cancer center to describe its primary patient population and assess how well it meets the needs of cancer patients within the CA. A CA definition is required for cancer centers applying for National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center status. In this research, we constructed both diagnosis and diagnosis/treatment CAs for the Massey Cancer Center (MCC) at Virginia Commonwealth University. We constructed diagnosis CAs for all cancers based on Virginia state cancer registry data and Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression models. We constructed a diagnosis/treatment CA using billing data from MCC and a Bayesian hierarchical Poisson regression model. To define CAs, we used exceedance probabilities for county random effects to assess unusual spatial clustering of patients diagnosed or treated at MCC after adjusting for important demographic covariates. We used the MCC CAs to compare patient characteristics inside and outside the CAs. Among cancer patients living within the MCC CA, patients diagnosed at MCC were more likely to be minority, female, uninsured, or on Medicaid.
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Murray, Elizabeth, and Jenya Iuzzini-Seigel. "Efficacious Treatment of Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 2 (January 2017): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig2.61.
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There is increasing evidence for treatment approaches designed for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Despite this, no treatment has conclusive evidence to date. The CAS population is heterogeneous, with children presenting with varying symptom profiles, severity levels, and comorbidities. Consequently, treatment planning for children with CAS represents a clinical challenge. To assist clinicians in providing optimal care, this paper uses the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a framework for identifying the body structures and functions, activities, and personal/environmental factors that should be considered when working with children with CAS. Evidence-based interventions are described and resources outlined to help guide the treatment planning process.
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Dong, Hengjin, Doug Coyle, and Martin Buxton. "Value of information analysis for a new technology: Computer-assisted total knee replacement." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 23, no. 3 (June 19, 2007): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462307070419.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate how value of information analysis can measure the upper limit on returns to future research and identify the research priorities for computer-assisted total knee replacement (CAS-TKR).Methods: Using a previous economic analysis of CAS-TKR compared with conventional TKR, the population expected value of perfect information (EVPI) was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation to provide an estimate of the upper limit on returns to future research. The population expected value of partial perfect information (EVPPI) for both individual parameters and groups of parameters was estimated to inform specific future research priorities.Results: The UK individual EVPI would be £21.4 if the willingness to pay for one QALY (quality-adjusted life-year) were £30,000. The population EVPPI would be £8.3 million, assuming a 10-year time horizon for CAS-TKR. In this instance, the expected value of information is positively related to willingness to pay for one QALY for the range of £0 to £50,000. Although each individual parameter had an EVPPI of £0, groups of utility parameters had positive EVPPI. Population EVPPI was £5.6 million for utility parameters, £20,000 for transition probabilities relating to CAS-TKR, and £5,000 for transition probabilities related to conventional TKR.Conclusions: The study provides evidence on which parameters further information may be of most value. Focusing research on the utility values associated with health states relating to TKR would be of greatest value.
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Poulet, H., Cl Poulet, and Ch Poulet. "Agénésies d’incisives : changer de paradigme. Étude d’une population orthodontique. Cas cliniques." Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale 48, no. 3 (July 2014): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odf/2014019.
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Giroir, Guillaume. "Population, superficie cultivée et développement en Chine : le cas du Shandong." Espace, populations, sociétés 13, no. 2 (1995): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/espos.1995.1692.
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Willaert, Willem IM, and Isabelle Van Herzeele. "Carotid Artery Stenting – Strategies to Improve Procedural Performance and Reduce the Learning Curve." Interventional Cardiology Review 8, no. 1 (2013): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2013.8.1.50.
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Carotid artery stenting (CAS) remains an appealing intervention to reduce the stroke risk because of its minimal invasive nature. Nevertheless, landmark randomised controlled trials have not been able to resolve the controversies surrounding this complex procedure as the peri-operative stroke risk in a non-selected patient population still seems to be higher after CAS in comparison to carotid endarterectomy. What is more, these trials have highlighted that patient outcome after CAS is influenced by patient- and operator-dependant factors. The CAS procedure exhibits a definitive learning curve resulting in higher complication rates if the procedure is performed by inexperienced interventionists or in low-volume centres. This article will outline strategies to improve the performance of physicians carrying out the CAS procedure by means of proficiency-based training, credentialing, virtual reality rehearsal and optimal patient selection.
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Bulloch, AG, S. Currie, L. Guyn, JV Williams, DH Lavorato, and SB Patten. "Estimations de la prévalence des troubles bipolaires traités par les services de santé mentale : utilisation de données administratives de l’Alberta et d’enquêtes sanitaires pancanadiennes." Maladies chroniques et blessures au Canada 31, no. 3 (June 2011): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.31.3.07f.
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Introduction Des estimations précises de la charge de morbidité sont nécessaires pour offrir des services de santé mentale adaptés à la population. Méthodes Nous avons évalué la prévalence des cas de trouble bipolaire traités par les services de santé mentale dans la zone de Calgary, circonscription hospitalière albertaine comptant une population de plus d’un million d’habitants. Nous avons utilisé les données administratives conservées dans un dépôt central fournissant les renseignements sur les contacts pour des soins de santé mentale d’environ 95 % des services de santé mentale financés par l’État. Nous avons comparé cette prévalence des cas traités aux données autodéclarées de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes : Santé mentale et bien-être de 2002 (ESCC 1.2). Résultats Sur les 63 016 personnes âgées de 18 ans et plus traitées dans la zone de Calgary en 2002-2008, 3 659 (5,81 %) ont reçu un diagnostic de trouble bipolaire de type I et 1 065 (1,70 %), de trouble bipolaire de type II. On estime que la prévalence des cas traités de ces troubles s’établit à 0,41 % dans le premier cas et à 0,12 % dans le second. Nous avons estimé, d’après les données de l’ESCC 1.2, qu’entre 0,44 % et 1,17 % de la population canadienne était traitée par des psychiatres pour un trouble bipolaire de type I. Conclusion Dans le cas du trouble bipolaire de type I, l’estimation fondée sur les données administratives locales est proche de la borne inférieure de la fourchette de l’enquête sanitaire. Le degré de concordance dans nos estimations prouve l’utilité des dépôts de données administratives dans la surveillance des troubles mentaux chroniques.
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Perdomo-González, Davinia I., María J. Sánchez-Guerrero, Antonio Molina, and Mercedes Valera. "Genetic Structure Analysis of the Pura Raza Español Horse Population through Partial Inbreeding Coefficient Estimation." Animals 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081360.
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The aim of this work was to analyze genetic parameters such as the inbreeding coefficient (F), relatedness coefficient (AR) and partial inbreeding coefficient (Fij) of the whole PRE population, and the ancestors which account for 50% of the total genetic variability of the current population, from genealogical information. The average F of the whole PRE population (328,706 animals) has decreased from 8.45% to 7.51% in the least 20 years. The Fij was estimated for the whole PRE population, resulting in a database of 58,772,533 records containing one record for each Fij that each animal receives from a certain common ancestor (CA). A total of 10,244 CAs contributed to the Fij with an average of 5370 descendants, with each descendant having an average of 170 CAs. Over the generations, the number of CAs has increased, while the proportion of Fij by each one has decreased. In addition, the contributions of the more influential ancestors have changed. The increased census, the limited use of artificial insemination and our increased knowledge about inbreeding depression and the animals’ breeding values allow breeders to select horses more for their functionality and conformation than for their pedigree reputation, which is the cause of all these changes.
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Wongpayak, Panjaporn, Orapan Meesungnoen, Somchai Saejang, and Pakpoom Subsoontorn. "A highly effective and self-transmissible CRISPR antimicrobial for elimination of target plasmids without antibiotic selection." PeerJ 9 (September 6, 2021): e11996. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11996.
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The use of CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated protein) for sequence-specific elimination of bacteria or resistance genes is a powerful tool for combating antibiotic resistance. However, this approach requires efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas DNA cassette(s) into the targeted bacterial population. Compared to phage transduction, plasmid conjugation can deliver DNA to a broader host range but often suffers from low delivery efficiency. Here, we developed multi-plasmid conjugation systems for efficient CRISPR/Cas delivery, target DNA elimination and plasmid replacement. The CRISPR/Cas system, delivered via a broad-host-range R1162 mobilizable plasmid, specifically eliminated the targeted plasmid in recipient cells. A self-transmissible RK2 helper plasmid facilitated the spread of mobilizable CRISPR/Cas. The replacement of the target plasmid with another plasmid from the same compatibility group helped speed up target plasmid elimination especially when the target plasmid was also mobilizable. Together, we showed that up to 100% of target plasmid from the entire recipient population could be replaced even at a low (1:180) donor-to-recipient ratio and in the absence of transconjugant selection. Such an ability to modify genetic content of microbiota efficiently in the absence of selection will be critical for future development of CRISPR antimicrobials as well as genetic tools for in situ microbiome engineering.
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Mizubuti, Yani G. G., Maria I. T. D. Correia, Thales A. da Silva, Simone de Vasconcelos Generoso, Antônio L. Teixeira, Agnaldo S. Lima, and Érica L. M. Vieira. "Immunological Impact of Whey Protein on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Chronic Liver Disease." Current Nutrition & Food Science 17, no. 7 (August 12, 2021): 742–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401317666210216113801.
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Background: Recent in vitro studies point to the immune properties of milk proteins. Objective: To investigate the immunomodulating properties of whey protein isolate (WHEY) compared to those of casein (CAS) on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) death and supernatant cytokine levels in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients and healthy individuals. Method: The role of WHEY on the immune cells was evaluated under-stimulated and non-stimulated conditions to determine cellular death and cytokine production, post-exposure with 40, 400 or 4.000 μg mL-1 of WHEY or CAS. Flow cytometry was used to identify the monocyte and lymphocyte population. Cytokines were measured from the supernatants of 24 hour-old PBMC cultures. Results: Compared to CAS, WHEY significantly decreased lymphocyte death at 4.000 μg mL-1 in both groups of individuals with no effects on the monocyte population regardless of the group. At the same concentration (4.000 μg mL-1), WHEY increased TNF and IL-10 cytokine levels in the stimulated PBMC supernatant from CLD patients. Conclusion: Compared to CAS, WHEY exerted immunomodulating effects in CLD patients. A similar response may be anticipated for other pathological conditions in which high stress and immune dysfunction are present.
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Würthwein, Gudrun, Oliver A. Cornely, Mirjam N. Trame, Janne J. Vehreschild, Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild, Fedja Farowski, Carsten Müller, et al. "Population Pharmacokinetics of Escalating Doses of Caspofungin in a Phase II Study of Patients with Invasive Aspergillosis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 4 (January 18, 2013): 1664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01912-12.
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ABSTRACTCaspofungin (CAS) is approved for second-line management of proven or probable invasive aspergillosis at a dose of 50 mg once daily (QD). Preclinical and limited clinical data support the concept of the dose-dependent antifungal efficacy of CAS with preservation of its favorable safety profile. Little is known, however, about the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of higher doses of CAS in patients. In a formal multicenter phase II dose-escalation study, CAS was administered as a 2-h infusion at doses ranging from 70 to 200 mg QD. CAS PK sampling (n= 468 samples) was performed on day 1 and at peak and trough time points on days 4, 7, 14, and 28 (70 mg,n= 9 patients; 100 mg,n= 8 patients; 150 mg,n= 9 patients; 200 mg,n= 20 patients; total,n= 46 patients). Drug concentrations in plasma were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. Population pharmacokinetic analysis (PopPK) was performed using NONMEM (version 7) software. Model evaluation was performed using bootstrap analysis, prediction-corrected visual predictive check (pcVPC), as well as standardized visual predictive check (SVPC). The four investigated dose levels showed no difference in log-transformed dose-normalized trough levels of CAS (analysis of variance). CAS concentration data fitted best to a two-compartment model with a proportional-error model, interindividual variability (IIV) fitted best on clearance (CL), central and peripheral volume of distribution (V1andV2, respectively) covariance fitted best on CL andV1, interoccasion variability (IOV) fitted best on CL, and body weight fitted best as a covariate on CL andV1(CL, 0.411 liters/h ± 29% IIV; IOV on CL, 16%;V1, 5.785 liters ± 29% IIV; intercompartmental clearance, 0.843 liters/h;V2, 6.53 liters ± 67% IIV). None of the other examined covariates (dose level, gender, age, serum bilirubin concentration, creatinine clearance) improved the model further. Bootstrap results showed the robustness of the final PopPK model. pcVPC and SVPC showed the predictability of the model and further confirmed the linear PKs of CAS over the dosage range of 70 to 200 mg QD. On the basis of the final model, geometric mean simulated peak plasma levels at steady state ranged from 13.8 to 39.4 mg/liter (geometric coefficient of variation, 31%), geometric mean trough levels ranged from 4.2 to 12.0 mg/liter (49%), and geometric mean areas under the concentration-time curves ranged from 170 to 487 mg · h/liter (34%) for the dosage range of 70 to 200 mg QD. CAS showed linear PKs across the investigated dosage range of 70 to 200 mg QD. Drug exposure in the present study population was comparable to that in other populations. (This study has been registered with the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials website under registration no. 2006-001936-30 and at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00404092.)
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Vashdi, Elad, Amit Avramov, Špela Falatov, Huang Yi-Chen, Jiang Pei-Ru, and Paula Teodora Mamina-Chiriac. "Implications of Word - Initial Vowel Glottalization in Childhood Apraxia of Speech Treatment." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 11, no. 3sup1 (2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.3sup1/123.
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A vowel is a speech sound in which the airflow moves freely with minimal obstructions through the vocal tract and can appear in different places in the words structure. Word initial vowel glottalization is a phenomenon described in the literature while clinical implications were observed among children diagnosed with Apraxia of speech (CAS). This research examined the clinical consequences of the phenomenon on the analysis and treatment of CAS. 256 CAS cases were examined using the VML (Verbal Motor Learning) method evaluation. Analysis of the consonant groups shows that 11% of the children had difficulty with producing the glottal consonant, in comparison to other consonants. The implications of the findings influence the analysis process and are crucial for the treatment of 11% of the CAS population. Further theoretical discussions and findings are reported.
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Ramachandran, Gayetri, and David Bikard. "Editing the microbiome the CRISPR way." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1772 (March 25, 2019): 20180103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0103.
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Our bodies are colonized by a complex ecosystem of bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes and their viruses that together play a major role in our health. Over the past few years tools derived from the prokaryotic immune system known as CRISPR-Cas have empowered researchers to modify and study organisms with unprecedented ease and efficiency. Here we discuss how various types of CRISPR-Cas systems can be used to modify the genome of gut microorganisms and bacteriophages. CRISPR-Cas systems can also be delivered to bacterial population and programmed to specifically eliminate members of the microbiome. Finally, engineered CRISPR-Cas systems can be used to control gene expression and modulate the production of metabolites and proteins. Together these tools provide exciting opportunities to investigate the complex interplay between members of the microbiome and our bodies, and present new avenues for the development of drugs that target the microbiome. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems’.
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Heussler, Gary E., and George A. O'Toole. "Friendly Fire: Biological Functions and Consequences of Chromosomal Targeting by CRISPR-Cas Systems." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 10 (February 29, 2016): 1481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00086-16.
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Clusteredregularlyinterspacedshortpalindromicrepeat (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) systems in bacteria and archaea target foreign elements, such as bacteriophages and conjugative plasmids, through the incorporation of short sequences (termed spacers) from the foreign element into the CRISPR array, thereby allowing sequence-specific targeting of the invader. Thus, CRISPR-Cas systems are typically considered a microbial adaptive immune system. While many of these incorporated spacers match targets on bacteriophages and plasmids, a noticeable number are derived from chromosomal DNA. While usually lethal to the self-targeting bacteria, in certain circumstances, these self-targeting spacers can have profound effects in regard to microbial biology, including functions beyond adaptive immunity. In this minireview, we discuss recent studies that focus on the functions and consequences of CRISPR-Cas self-targeting, including reshaping of the host population, group behavior modification, and the potential applications of CRISPR-Cas self-targeting as a tool in microbial biotechnology. Understanding the effects of CRISPR-Cas self-targeting is vital to fully understanding the spectrum of function of these systems.
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Selle, Kurt, Todd R. Klaenhammer, and Rodolphe Barrangou. "CRISPR-based screening of genomic island excision events in bacteria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 26 (June 15, 2015): 8076–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508525112.
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Genomic analysis ofStreptococcus thermophilusrevealed that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) likely contributed to gene acquisition and loss during evolutionary adaptation to milk. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated genes (CRISPR-Cas), the adaptive immune system in bacteria, limits genetic diversity by targeting MGEs including bacteriophages, transposons, and plasmids. CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread in streptococci, suggesting that the interplay between CRISPR-Cas systems and MGEs is one of the driving forces governing genome homeostasis in this genus. To investigate the genetic outcomes resulting from CRISPR-Cas targeting of integrated MGEs,in silicoprediction revealed four genomic islands without essential genes in lengths from 8 to 102 kbp, totaling 7% of the genome. In this study, the endogenous CRISPR3 type II system was programmed to target the four islands independently through plasmid-based expression of engineered CRISPR arrays. TargetinglacZwithin the largest 102-kbp genomic island was lethal to wild-type cells and resulted in a reduction of up to 2.5-log in the surviving population. Genotyping of Lac−survivors revealed variable deletion events between the flanking insertion-sequence elements, all resulting in elimination of the Lac-encoding island. Chimeric insertion sequence footprints were observed at the deletion junctions after targeting all of the four genomic islands, suggesting a common mechanism of deletion via recombination between flanking insertion sequences. These results established that self-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems may direct significant evolution of bacterial genomes on a population level, influencing genome homeostasis and remodeling.
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Fathi, A., B. Tefahi, D. Khelifa, and M. Guedmani. "Degré de dépendance au cannabis : quel profil ?" European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.206.
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La dépendance au cannabis est un comportement renforcé par une consommation du chanvre indien « le cannabis » correspondant à un besoin de soulagement, caractérisé par la persistance de la consommation malgré les dommages. Le degré de dépendance est fonction de la quantité d’augmentation de la dopamine au niveau du noyau accumbens du système limbique qui dépend essentiellement du craving, une dimension addictive primordiale car il représente le facteur décisif de la rechute et du comportement d’intoxication chronique (Niaura, 2000). Notre étude est descriptive prospective effectuée au niveau du centre intermédiaire de soins en addictologie (CISA) de Annaba (Est-Algérien) sur 100 patients dépendants au cannabis selon les critères DSM IV-TR durant la période allant du 1er janvier au 31 août 2015 dans le but d’étudier les éléments sociodémographiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques. Nos résultats concernent une population d’adulte jeune âgée de 25 à 35 ans dans 67,5 % des cas, majoritairement de sexe masculin dans 97 % des cas, consommant 6 joints de cannabis dans 55 % des cas (p < 0,05) durant une période supérieure à 5 ans dans 50 % des cas selon un mode groupal dans 45 % des cas et présentant des troubles anxiodépressifs dans 28,5 % des cas (p > 0,05), le degré de dépendance est modéré dans 55 % des cas, un traitement antabus, motivationnel et psychothérapique est préconisé chez tous les patients aboutissant à un état d’abstinence estimé à 52 % des cas.
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S, Ouattara. "Tendances évolutives de la rougeole en Commune VI du District de Bamako de 2014 à 2018." Mali Santé Publique 10, no. 02 (April 20, 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53318/msp.v10i02.1792.
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Introduction : La rougeole est une maladie éruptive fébrile, due à un virus de la famille des Paramyxoviridae (Morbillivirus) qui se transmet par voie aérienne, d'une personne à l'autre, par les gouttelettes respiratoires en suspension dans l'air. Le Mali a enregistré 87 cas de rougeole 2016, 17 cas en 2017 et 414 cas en 2018. L'objectif était de décrire les cas suspects et confirmés en personnes, temps, lieu et déterminer les tendances évolutives de la rougeole en Commune IV de 2014 à 2018. Matériel et méthodes : il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive en déroulée en Juin 2019. La population d'étude était constituée des cas suspects et confirmés de rougeole enregistrés dans la base de données de surveillance. Nos données ont été saisies et analysées sur Excel 2013 et Epi Info 7. Résultats : L'enquête a porté sur un total de 213 cas dont 39 positifs soit une fréquence de 18,31%. La moyenne d'âge était de 4,98 ans et 5,50 ans respectivement chez les positifs. Les enfants de moins 5 ans ont été les plus atteints autant pour la suspicion que pour la confirmation. C'est à Sénou (28 cas) et à Yirimadio (34 cas) que venaient les plus grands nombres de cas notifiés. De 2014 à 2018, il y a eu deux épidémies notamment en 2015 et 2018. Tous les cas ont été guéris sauf trois qui sont décédés en 2018 à Sokorodji. Conclusion : Les enfants de moins 5 ans étaient plus atteints. Deux épidémies sont survenues. Tous les cas ont été guéris sauf 3 décédés. La compréhension de la dynamique de cette maladie nécessitera l'évaluation des facteurs déterminants de la survenue de la rougeole en commune VI.
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Hertrich, Véronique. "La polygamie : persistance ou recomposition ? Le cas d’une population rurale du Mali." Articles 35, no. 2 (August 11, 2008): 39–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018592ar.
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Résumé La polygamie se donne souvent à lire comme un privilège réservé à une minorité d’hommes âgés. Cette image déduite des données transversales gagne à être nuancée et complétée en prenant en compte la dynamique de la pratique, telle qu’elle peut être analysée à partir d’une analyse longitudinale des pratiques matrimoniales. C’est le parti pris dans cet article. Celui-ci est fondé sur une enquête biographique réalisée dans des villages bwa du sud-est du Mali. L’accès à la polygamie, la réversibilité de la pratique et l’appariement conjugal y sont successivement examinés pour discuter de la dynamique et de l’évolution de cette institution. Loin de correspondre à une pratique sélective et un instrument de pouvoir, la polygamie apparaît, dans cette population, comme une expérience partagée par une partie importante des hommes, mais souvent à titre provisoire. La flexibilité est l’un des atouts de l’institution : elle offre des mécanismes d’ajustement à l’ensemble du système matrimonial et évite sa remise en question. Cependant, si la pratique se maintient, c’est aux prix d’un déplacement de son marché matrimonial, désormais alimenté par les femmes divorcées et veuves et déserté par les jeunes femmes. Les conditions d’un recul effectif de la polygamie semblent principalement dépendre de l’évolution de l’encadrement matrimonial des femmes, en particulier des exigences de remariage.
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Huetz de Lemps, Christian. "Population, problèmes ethniques et développement : les cas du Burundi et du Rwanda." Cahiers d'outre-mer 46, no. 184 (1993): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/caoum.1993.3498.
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Bachner-Melman, Rachel, Naomi Bacon-Shnoor, Ada H. Zohar, Yoel Elizur, and Richard P. Ebstein. "The Psychometric Properties of the Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS) and the Concern for Appropriateness Scale (CAS) in Hebrew." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 25, no. 1 (January 2009): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.1.8.
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We examined the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of a Hebrew translation of Lennox and Wolfe’s Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS) and Concern for Appropriateness Scale (CAS) in a large Israeli population sample. A total of 1,294 individuals (1,010 females and 284 males), divided into two samples, completed the RSMS, the CAS, the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire Harm Avoidance Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. With the exception of RSMS Item 12, the total and subscale structure of the English versions of the scales was replicated in both samples. Internal consistencies compared very favorably with those of the original scales. The CAS and the RSMS were moderately correlated yet appeared to be distinct, correlating as expected in opposite directions with harm avoidance and self-esteem. Confirmatory factor analysis justified the use of the RSMS and the CAS as separate scales with two subscales in each. Whereas the fit of our data to the RSMS was very good, the fit to the CAS was far less satisfactory, apparently because items tended to load onto both subscales. The Hebrew translation of the RSMS, and, to a lesser extent, that of the CAS, appear to be psychometrically sound instruments.
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Nussenzweig, Philip M., and Luciano A. Marraffini. "Molecular Mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas Immunity in Bacteria." Annual Review of Genetics 54, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-022120-112523.
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Prokaryotes have developed numerous defense strategies to combat the constant threat posed by the diverse genetic parasites that endanger them. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas loci guard their hosts with an adaptive immune system against foreign nucleic acids. Protection starts with an immunization phase, in which short pieces of the invader's genome, known as spacers, are captured and integrated into the CRISPR locus after infection. Next, during the targeting phase, spacers are transcribed into CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that guide CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases to destroy the invader's DNA or RNA. Here we describe the many different molecular mechanisms of CRISPR targeting and how they are interconnected with the immunization phase through a third phase of the CRISPR-Cas immune response: primed spacer acquisition. In this phase, Cas proteins direct the crRNA-guided acquisition of additional spacers to achieve a more rapid and robust immunization of the population.
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Allen, V. M., L. Dodds, A. Spencer, E. A. Cummings, N. MacDonald, and G. Kephart. "Pertinence d'une définition de cas administrative pour l'identification du diabète sucré préexistant à la grossesse." Maladies chroniques et blessures au Canada 32, no. 3 (June 2012): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.32.3.01f.
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Introduction La détermination précise des cas de grossesse avec diabète préexistant permet d’exercer une surveillance complète des résultats maternels et néonatals associés à cette maladie chronique. Méthodologie Afin de déterminer la pertinence de certaines définitions de cas pour le diabète sucré préexistant lorsqu’on les applique à une population de femmes enceintes, nous avons constitué une cohorte de femmes qui étaient enceintes entre 1991 et 2003 en Nouvelle-Écosse, à partir d’une base de données périnatales provinciale et populationnelle, la Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database (NSAPD). Nous avons associé à cette cohorte des données individuelles issues des bases de données administratives utilisant les données des dossiers de congé des hôpitaux ainsi que les données provenant des services médicaux externes. Nous avons comparé à la définition de référence de la NSAPD divers algorithmes de définition du diabète sucré fondés sur des données administratives, dont l’algorithme proposé par le Système national de surveillance du diabète (SNSD). Résultats L’application de la définition de cas du SNSD à cette population de femmes enceintes a révélé une sensibilité de 87 % et une valeur prédictive positive (VPP) de 66,4 %. Quand on a utilisé les codes de diagnostic de la CIM-9 et de la CIM-10 dans les cas d’hospitalisation avec diabète sucré au cours de la grossesse, la sensibilité et la VPP ont augmenté sensiblement, surtout dans le cas des accouchements effectués dans les centres de soins tertiaires. Pour cette population, les données administratives relatives à la grossesse provenant uniquement de la base de données sur les hospitalisations semblent constituer une source de données plus exacte pour l’identification du diabète préexistant que l’application de la définition de cas du SNSD, particulièrement lorsque les femmes accouchent dans un hôpital de soins tertiaires. Conclusion Même si la définition du diabète établie par le SNSD donne d’assez bons résultats par rapport à une définition de référence de base du diabète, le recours à cette définition pour évaluer les résultats maternels et périnatals associés au diabète durant la grossesse se traduira par un certain degré d’erreur de classification et, par conséquent, par une estimation biaisée des résultats.
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Hussain, Mohamad A., Aziz S. Alali, Muhammad Mamdani, Jack V. Tu, Gustavo Saposnik, Konard Salata, Avery B. Nathens, et al. "Risk of intracranial hemorrhage after carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy: a population-based study." Journal of Neurosurgery 129, no. 6 (December 2018): 1522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.8.jns171142.
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OBJECTIVEIntracranial hemorrhage (ICH) associated with cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is a rare but major complication of carotid artery revascularization. The objective of this study was to compare the rate of ICH after carotid artery stenting (CAS) with that after endarterectomy (CEA).METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective population-based cohort study of patients who underwent carotid artery revascularization in the province of Ontario, Canada, between 2002 and 2015. The primary outcome was the rate of ICH that occurred within 90 days after carotid artery intervention among patients who underwent CAS versus that of those who underwent CEA. The authors used inverse probability of treatment weighting and propensity scores to account for selection bias. In sensitivity analyses, patients who had postprocedure ischemic stroke were excluded, and the following subgroups were examined: patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, patients treated between 2010 and 2015, and patients aged ≥ 66 years (to account for antiplatelet and anticoagulant use).RESULTSA total of 16,688 patients underwent carotid artery revascularization (14% CAS, 86% CEA). Patients with more comorbid illnesses, symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, or cardiac disease and those who were taking antiplatelet agents or warfarin before surgery were more likely to undergo CAS. Among the overall cohort, 80 (0.48%) patients developed ICH within 90 days (0.85% after CAS, 0.42% after CEA). The 180-day mortality rate after ICH in the overall cohort was 2.7%, whereas the 180-day mortality rate among patients who suffered ICH was 42.5% (40% for CAS-treated patients, 43.3% for CEA-treated patients). In the adjusted analysis, patients who underwent CAS were significantly more likely to have ICH than those who underwent CEA (adjusted OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.32–2.36; p < 0.001). These results were consistent after excluding patients who developed postprocedure ischemic stroke (adjusted OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.41–2.56) and consistent among symptomatic (adjusted OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.16–2.63) and asymptomatic (adjusted OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.16–2.63) patients with carotid artery stenosis, among patients treated between 2010 and 2015 (adjusted OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.45–3.38), and among the subgroup of patients aged ≥ 66 years (adjusted OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.05–2.24) after adjusting for medication use.CONCLUSIONSCAS is associated with a rare but higher risk of ICH relative to CEA. Future research is needed to devise strategies that minimize the risk of this serious complication after carotid artery revascularization.
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Kyra Skoog and Edwin Maas. "Predicting Intelligibility: An Investigation of Speech Sound Accuracy in Childhood Apraxia of Speech." CommonHealth 1, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15367/ch.v1i2.397.
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Background: Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a pediatric speech disorder that significantly affects communication and life participation. Most CAS treatment research uses speech accuracy as primary outcome measure, on the assumption that accuracy predicts communicative success. However, this relationship has not yet been examined in this population, limiting our understanding of the impact of available treatments.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between speech accuracy and intelligibility in children with CAS. Intelligibility is defined here as the proportion of words correctly understood by an unfamiliar listener.
Methods: Adult listeners, who were unfamiliar with children with CAS, listened to recordings of children with CAS producing single words, and typed what they heard the child say. Separately, and prior to the listening experiment, the children’s words were scored for accuracy using various measures, including the percent phonemes (sounds) correct (PPC), percent consonants correct (PCC), and percent vowels correct (PVC). The relationship between these accuracy measures and intelligibility were examined descriptively.
Results: Preliminary findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between intelligibility and PPC and PCC in children with CAS. Conclusions: Implications of these findings for clinical practice as well as future treatment research are discussed.
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Alkins, Ryan, Charles C. Matouk, Juan P. Cruz, Thomas Marotta, Walter Montanera, and Julian Spears. "Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting for Patients Less than 70 Years-of-Age." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 39, no. 3 (May 2012): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100013470.
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Background:Recent studies have suggested that carotid artery angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is a safe alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in average risk patients <70 years of age. We examined a consecutive series of patients who underwent CAS in order to determine the influence of patient age on outcome.Methods:A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent CAS at St. Michael's Hospital, Canada between January 2001 and November 2010 was performed. The outcome measures were 30-day stroke and 30-day composite death, stroke and acute myocardial infarction (MI). Patients were stratified based on age <70 and ≥70 years.Results:One hundred and fifty-nine patients underwent 165 CAS procedures. The 30-day risk of stroke was 3.8% while the composite outcome of death/stroke/MI was 8.2%. When stratified by age <70 and ≥70 years, the 30-day stroke rate was 0% versus 7.4% (p=0.03), and the composite outcome of death/stroke/MI was 2.6% versus 13.6% (p=0.02), respectively.Conclusions:Patients <70 years of age undergoing CAS have a low rate of major complications, comparing favourably with historical CEA adverse event rates, and supporting the recent carotid stenosis literature that in the younger population CAS has a similar complication rate compared to CEA.
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Sabirov, Zhanbol, Zulkiya Namazbaeva, Sharbanu Battakova, Maral Otarbayeva, Manara Mukasheva, and Aliya Eshmagambetova. "Chemical Mutagenesis and Cytogenetic Chromosomal Abnormalities in a Population Living in the Aral Sea region." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, E (October 7, 2020): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5345.
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AIM: The article presents the results of a study of chromosomal mutations in residents living in the Aral Sea disaster zone, using the example of the city of Aralsk.
METHODS: The article identifies the level of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in the surveyed population and identifies the leading type of aberrations in this region.
RESULTS: Researches have shown that the main types of structural changes were chromatid breaks and single fragments of chromosomes. The results showed that in the study population, the microelement status indicates an imbalance of microelements. A correlation analysis showed a relationship between the nickel content in the blood and the increase in CAs. Furthermore, researches show a hypothesis about the pathogenesis mechanism of the formation of CAs.
CONCLUSION: Thus, the article provides information on chromosomal mutations during chemical mutagenesis.
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Bradde, Serena, Thierry Mora, and Aleksandra M. Walczak. "Cost and benefits of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats spacer acquisition." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1772 (March 25, 2019): 20180095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0095.
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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas-mediated immunity in bacteria allows bacterial populations to protect themselves against pathogens. However, it also exposes them to the dangers of auto-immunity by developing protection that targets its own genome. Using a simple model of the coupled dynamics of phage and bacterial populations, we explore how acquisition rates affect the probability of the bacterial colony going extinct. We find that the optimal strategy depends on the initial population sizes of both viruses and bacteria. Additionally, certain combinations of acquisition and dynamical rates and initial population sizes guarantee protection, owing to a dynamical balance between the evolving population sizes, without relying on acquisition of viral spacers. Outside this regime, the high cost of auto-immunity limits the acquisition rate. We discuss these optimal strategies that minimize the probability of the colony going extinct in terms of recent experiments. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems’.
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Haddad, Nisrine, Ashley Weeks, Anita Robert, and Stephanie Totten. "Le VIH au Canada – Rapport de surveillance, 2019." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 47, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i01a11f.
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Contexte : Environ 14 000 adultes sont actuellement incarcérés dans des prisons fédérales au Canada. Ces établissements étant vulnérables aux éclosions de maladies infectieuses, une évaluation du niveau de dépistage et de la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) dans ces milieux est nécessaire. L’objectif de la présente étude était d’examiner les résultats des dépistages de COVID-19, la prévalence, les cas en rétablissement et les décès liés à la COVID-19 dans les prisons fédérales, et de comparer ces données avec celles de la population générale. Méthodes : Les données publiques des séries chronologiques des résultats de dépistage concernant les prisonniers et la population générale ont été obtenues en ligne auprès du Service correctionnel du Canada et de l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada, respectivement, du 30 mars au 27 mai 2020. Pour chaque issu, des statistiques de fréquence par prison, par province et par sexe ont été calculées. Au total, 50 établissements ont été inclus dans cette étude. Résultats : Sur ces 50 établissements, 64 % ont déclaré avoir testé moins de personnes sur 1 000 que ce qui a été observé dans la population générale et 12 % ont déclaré n’avoir effectué aucun dépistage au cours de la période de l’étude. Le niveau de dépistage avait tendance à être de caractère réactif, n’augmentant qu’une fois que les prisons enregistraient des résultats positifs. Six prisons ont signalé des éclosions, trois d’entre elles enregistrant une prévalence cumulée de plus de 20 % de COVID-19 chez les détenus. Dans l’ensemble des prisons, 29 % des personnes testées ont reçu un résultat positif, comparativement à 6 % dans la population générale. Deux des 360 cas se sont soldés par la mort (taux de létalité de 0,6 %). Quatre foyers d’éclosion semblent avoir été maîtrisés (plus de 80 % des cas ont été guéris), mais d’importantes populations vulnérables restent exposées au risque d’infection. Les femmes détenues (5 % de la population carcérale totale) étaient surreprésentées parmi les cas (17 % des cas dans l’ensemble). Conclusion : Les résultats suggèrent que les milieux pénitentiaires sont vulnérables à la transmission généralisée du coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère 2 (SRAS-CoV-2). Les lacunes en matière de dépistages méritent l’attention de la santé publique. Les pratiques de dépistage fondées sur la présence de symptômes ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures dans les prisons, étant donné les observations de transmission généralisée. Il peut être approprié d’augmenter les pratiques de dépistage sentinelle ou de dépistage universel. Il faudra multiplier les dépistages, mettre en place des pratiques rigoureuses de prévention des infections et potentiellement libérer des prisonniers pour aplatir la courbe à l’avenir.
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Blair, Alexandra, Abtin Parnia, and Arjumand Siddiqi. "Une analyse en séries chronologiques du niveau de dépistage et des éclosions de COVID-19 dans les prisons fédérales canadiennes, dans le but d’éclairer la prévention et la surveillance." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 47, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i01a10f.
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Contexte : Environ 14 000 adultes sont actuellement incarcérés dans des prisons fédérales au Canada. Ces établissements étant vulnérables aux éclosions de maladies infectieuses, une évaluation du niveau de dépistage et de la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) dans ces milieux est nécessaire. L’objectif de la présente étude était d’examiner les résultats des dépistages de COVID-19, la prévalence, les cas en rétablissement et les décès liés à la COVID-19 dans les prisons fédérales, et de comparer ces données avec celles de la population générale. Méthodes : Les données publiques des séries chronologiques des résultats de dépistage concernant les prisonniers et la population générale ont été obtenues en ligne auprès du Service correctionnel du Canada et de l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada, respectivement, du 30 mars au 27 mai 2020. Pour chaque issu, des statistiques de fréquence par prison, par province et par sexe ont été calculées. Au total, 50 établissements ont été inclus dans cette étude. Résultats : Sur ces 50 établissements, 64 % ont déclaré avoir testé moins de personnes sur 1 000 que ce qui a été observé dans la population générale et 12 % ont déclaré n’avoir effectué aucun dépistage au cours de la période de l’étude. Le niveau de dépistage avait tendance à être de caractère réactif, n’augmentant qu’une fois que les prisons enregistraient des résultats positifs. Six prisons ont signalé des éclosions, trois d’entre elles enregistrant une prévalence cumulée de plus de 20 % de COVID-19 chez les détenus. Dans l’ensemble des prisons, 29 % des personnes testées ont reçu un résultat positif, comparativement à 6 % dans la population générale. Deux des 360 cas se sont soldés par la mort (taux de létalité de 0,6 %). Quatre foyers d’éclosion semblent avoir été maîtrisés (plus de 80 % des cas ont été guéris), mais d’importantes populations vulnérables restent exposées au risque d’infection. Les femmes détenues (5 % de la population carcérale totale) étaient surreprésentées parmi les cas (17 % des cas dans l’ensemble). Conclusion : Les résultats suggèrent que les milieux pénitentiaires sont vulnérables à la transmission généralisée du coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère 2 (SRAS-CoV-2). Les lacunes en matière de dépistages méritent l’attention de la santé publique. Les pratiques de dépistage fondées sur la présence de symptômes ne sont peut-être pas les meilleures dans les prisons, étant donné les observations de transmission généralisée. Il peut être approprié d’augmenter les pratiques de dépistage sentinelle ou de dépistage universel. Il faudra multiplier les dépistages, mettre en place des pratiques rigoureuses de prévention des infections et potentiellement libérer des prisonniers pour aplatir la courbe à l’avenir.
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Marois*, Guillaume. "La « migration de remplacement » : un exercice méthodologique en rapport aux enjeux démographiques du Québec." Articles 37, no. 2 (September 28, 2009): 237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038132ar.
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Résumé Cet article traite de la contribution apportée par la migration de remplacement qui constitue souvent une solution envisagée pour faire face au vieillissement de la population. Il s’agit de connaître le nombre d’immigrants nécessaire pour atteindre des objectifs démographiques précis, soit, dans le cadre de cette étude, éviter le déclin de la population totale, éviter le déclin de la population en âge de travailler et éviter que la part des personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus ne dépasse 25 % à l’intérieur de la population totale. À partir de données statistiques récentes émanant de Statistique Canada et de différents organismes officiels du Québec, l’auteur tente de démontrer, dans le cas du Québec, qu’il serait possible d’éviter le déclin de la population si la fécondité ne diminue pas et si l’on adopte une planification adéquate de l’immigration. Cependant, les résultats indiquent qu’une hausse trop rapide des niveaux d’immigration nuirait à l’atteinte de cet objectif, tandis que le déclin de la population âgée entre 20 et 64 ans apparaît inévitable. Finalement, l’auteur estime qu’il serait tout à fait irréaliste de vouloir compter sur cette composante pour éviter que la part des 65 ans et plus dans la population totale dépasse 25 %, signifiant par là que l’immigration ne peut en aucun cas empêcher le vieillissement de la population ou avoir un impact significatif sur le processus.
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Rao, H. S. "0912 Central Sleep Apnea Patterns On Pediatric Polysomnograms." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A346—A347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.908.
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Abstract Introduction Central sleep apneas (CA) are frequently seen on pediatric polysomnograms (PPSG) independently or in conjunction with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In the pediatric population, the AASM defines CA as the absence of chest and/or abdominal movement associated with a cessation of airflow of more than 20s or longer than 2 baseline respiratory cycles if associated with an arousal, an awakening or oxygen desaturation ≥ 3%. Scoring CAs on PPSG based on AASM definition can cause confusion among providers as CAs are generally associated with central nervous disorders causing reduced or absent respiratory drive. Methods Retrospective review of 71 consecutive diagnostic PPSGs to analyze patterns of CAs scored per AASM definition was performed. None of the children had a disorder causing reduced respiratory drive. Data on age, obstructive AHI (Apnea Hypopnea Index), CO2, Oxygen saturation, Central AHI and diagnosis were collected. Results 68 of 71 children had varying degree of OSA and CAs. Three main patterns of CAs were observed: occurring in NREM, following sigh breaths or arousals and CAs seen in REM sleep. CO2 and oxygen saturation were in the normal range. Conclusion In our study, CAs were more often seen in young children related to reduced functional residual capacity and immaturity of chest wall. CAs in REM sleep was seen more often in children with lung disorders and gastroesophageal reflux. CAs associated with arousals/awakenings were seen in conjunction with OSA or periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Though a finding of CAs >5/hour is considered significant, the minimum number of events required to cause a specific disorder or syndrome remains elusive and may be different in different patient populations. As such, there is no threshold of the number of central apneas associated with disease. CAs associated with disorders causing reduced or absent respiratory drive are mostly seen in NREM sleep and associated with abnormal gas exchange. The context in which the CAs are seen on PPSGs should be clearly described to avoid confusion among ordering providers. In CAs associated with arousals/awakenings, it is important to target the cause of arousals such as OSA or PLMD. Support None
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Pavlova, Yekaterina S., David Paez-Espino, Andrew Yu Morozov, and Ilya S. Belalov. "Searching for fat tails in CRISPR-Cas systems: Data analysis and mathematical modeling." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): e1008841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008841.
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Understanding CRISPR-Cas systems—the adaptive defence mechanism that about half of bacterial species and most of archaea use to neutralise viral attacks—is important for explaining the biodiversity observed in the microbial world as well as for editing animal and plant genomes effectively. The CRISPR-Cas system learns from previous viral infections and integrates small pieces from phage genomes called spacers into the microbial genome. The resulting library of spacers collected in CRISPR arrays is then compared with the DNA of potential invaders. One of the most intriguing and least well understood questions about CRISPR-Cas systems is the distribution of spacers across the microbial population. Here, using empirical data, we show that the global distribution of spacer numbers in CRISPR arrays across multiple biomes worldwide typically exhibits scale-invariant power law behaviour, and the standard deviation is greater than the sample mean. We develop a mathematical model of spacer loss and acquisition dynamics which fits observed data from almost four thousand metagenomes well. In analogy to the classical ‘rich-get-richer’ mechanism of power law emergence, the rate of spacer acquisition is proportional to the CRISPR array size, which allows a small proportion of CRISPRs within the population to possess a significant number of spacers. Our study provides an alternative explanation for the rarity of all-resistant super microbes in nature and why proliferation of phages can be highly successful despite the effectiveness of CRISPR-Cas systems.
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Hussain, Mohamad A., Muhammad Mamdani, Gustavo Saposnik, Jack V. Tu, David Turkel-Parrella, Julian Spears, and Mohammed Al-Omran. "Validation of Carotid Artery Revascularization Coding in Ontario Health Administrative Databases." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 39, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v39i2.26483.
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Purpose: The positive predictive value (PPV) of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedure and post-operative complication coding were assessed in Ontario health administrative databases.
Methods: Between 1 April 2002 and 31 March 2014, a random sample of 428 patients were identified using Canadian Classification of Health Intervention (CCI) procedure codes and Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) billing codes from administrative data. A blinded chart review was conducted at two high-volume vascular centers to assess the level of agreement between the administrative records and the corresponding patients’ hospital charts. PPV was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the validity of CEA and CAS coding, utilizing hospital charts as the gold standard. Sensitivity of CEA and CAS coding were also assessed by linking two independent databases of 540 CEA-treated patients (Ontario Stroke Registry) and 140 CAS-treated patients (single-center CAS database) to administrative records.
Results: PPV for CEA ranged from 99% to 100% and sensitivity ranged from 81.5% to 89.6% using CCI and OHIP codes. A CCI code with a PPV of 87% (95% CI, 78.8-92.9) and sensitivity of 92.9% (95% CI, 87.4-96.1) in identifying CAS was also identified. PPV for post-admission complication diagnosis coding was 71.4% (95% CI, 53.7-85.4) for stroke/transient ischemic attack, and 82.4% (95% CI, 56.6-96.2) for myocardial infarction.
Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrated that the codes used in administrative databases accurately identify CEA and CAS-treated patients. Researchers can confidently use administrative data to conduct population-based studies of CEA and CAS.
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Ruggiero, Nicholas J., Brian Hynes, Kevin Kennedy, Kenneth Rosenfield, Kumar Rajamani, and Seemant Chaturvedi. "CAROTID ARTERY STENTING (CAS) IN THE ELDERLY POPULATION: PROCEDURAL OUTCOMES STRATIFIED BY AGE." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 59, no. 13 (March 2012): E1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(12)61906-8.
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Abdennour, S., and H. Benhalima. "Les tumeurs odontogènes bénignes : analyse épidémiologique de 97 cas dans la population algérienne." Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale 114, no. 2 (April 2013): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revsto.2013.01.014.
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Floret, N., F. Mauny, B. Challier, J. Y. Cahn, F. Tourneux, and J. F. Viel. "Émission de dioxines et sarcomes des tissus mous : étude cas-témoins en population." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 52, no. 3 (June 2004): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0398-7620(04)99047-5.
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