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Radi, Lamia. "RAHMA BOURQUIA, MOUNIRA CHARRAD, AND NANCY GALLAGER, ED., Femmes, Culture et Societé au Maghreb, 2 vols. (Casablanca: Afrique-Orient, 1996). Pp. 338. $25.00 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 4 (November 2001): 635–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801324078.
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This work seeks to portray the reality of the “Maghribi woman” (the Maghrib of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia) using a gender-studies approach. It therefore has both the advantages and disadvantages of such an approach: its multidisciplinarity allows each contribution to enrich the others by analyzing women in turn through their legal status and economic and political role. At the same time, however, this exclusive focus on women at times overlooks important aspects of women's social relations with their broader environment.
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Boukind, E. H., N. Chafiki, S. Terrab, F. Alibou, N. Bahechar, and N. O. Zerouali. "Aetiology of burn injuries in childhood in Casablanca, Morocco: epidemiological data and preventive aspects." Burns 21, no. 5 (August 1995): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(95)00004-6.
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Ajbal, Housbane, and Mohammed. "Administrative Division Data of Grand Casablanca: Creation of a District Repository Using QGIS." Data 4, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4020051.
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In the context of a public mental health study conducted in Casablanca, the economic capital of Morocco, we encountered a serious challenge regarding the availability of consistent and accurate administrative division data. Hence, using the Google Maps API in QGIS, we proceeded to geocode the Grand Casablanca districts and overlay them on the updated Morocco’s administrative regions shapefile. The district data were summarized and gathered creating an administrative division repository from the district level up. Thus, the main contribution of the current paper, is a table containing (District, District_CP, Commune, Type_com, Prefecture/Province (PR), PR_CP, Region) and the second output is the shapefile that generated the table. The GIS data and the map are useful to other researchers in Morocco and elsewhere who have had no opportunity to access administrative division data of the location. As for foreign researchers from other developing countries the paper’s approach can be applied in their studies to create other lacking geographic repositories.
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Touili, Samir, Ahmed Alami Merrouni, Youssef El Hassouani, Abdel-illah Amrani, and Alae Azouzoute. "Techno-economic investigation of electricity and hydrogen production from wind energy in Casablanca, Morocco." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 948 (November 14, 2020): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/948/1/012012.
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Hbiak, I., A. Adidi, E. El Brirchi, and J. P. Nicolas. "SOCIAL PRECARIOUSNESS AND ACCESSIBILITY TO THE URBAN TRANSPORT IN THE MEGACITIES, CASE STUDY OF A PERIPHERAL COMMUNE OF CASABLANCA, MOROCCO." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W12 (February 21, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w12-89-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The aim of this research is to study the relationship between transportation and poverty. Indeed, the non-existence, lack or weakness of the supply of transport, poor accessibility to the means of transport and thus also to the zones of economic activity for the population can possibly make their economic and social situations more precarious.</p><p>As for a study area we chose the city of Errahma at Dar Bouazza Commune as a peripheral areas of Casablanca on which we analyze accessibility to the zones of economic activity in the Casablanca region through Geographical Information Systems (GIS).</p><p> To complete our analysis, we conducted a survey of 100 households in the peripheral city. This survey aims to study the difficulty of these households to access economic activity areas as well as the high general cost to pay for their trips.</p><p> Our field study confirmed the results obtained by the GIS and shows that choosing to live in a peripheral zone like Errahma can make families poorer because of, among other things, the lack of accessibility to public transport and therefore the lack of accessibility to areas of economic activity.</p>
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Zerhouny, Mariama, Abdelhamid Fadil, and Mustapha Hakdaoui. "Underground Space Utilization in the Urban Land-Use Planning of Casablanca (Morocco)." Land 7, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7040143.
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With the rapid rate of population growth and economic development, cities face enormous challenges that require both optimal and integrated solutions to meet the needs of growth and to protect the environment and sustainable development. These urban dynamics, which change over time, extend not only horizontally and upward, but also downward. Thus, underground space has been utilized increasingly to relieve the urban surface and to ensure the exploitation of underground resources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibilities of using this space in Casablanca as part of urban land-use planning and, consequently, to suggest an integrated model of exploitation of this space that is adapted to the specificities of the study area. Thus, an analysis of the use of underground spaces in a set of European cities has been performed. The study of the characteristics of this space in Casablanca has been realized according to the levels of geology and hydrogeology and two underground infrastructure projects. This work has led to the implementation of a prototype model named “Sub-Urban Information Modeling”. The model’s objective is to gather all the data and knowledge related to the relevant underground space in an integrated platform that can be shared and updated in order to facilitate the understanding of this environment and its interaction with the surface and to ensure the rational and efficient use of its resources.
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Hbiak, Ishak, Abdelaziz Adidi, El Hassan El Brirch, and Jean-Pierre Nicolas. "Analysis of the transport - precariousness relationship in the peripheral areas of Casablanca." MATEC Web of Conferences 200 (2018): 00023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820000023.
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Casablanca is the largest metropolis in Morocco and the Maghreb and one of the largest cities in Africa. However, like most cities in developing countries, it faces major problems in terms of planning and transport. The problems in transport are of different types and affect all areas of the city, especially the peripheral areas of Casablanca, which are experiencing significant difficulties in terms of accessibility, knowing that these areas are the most precarious. The aim of this work is to confront on the one hand the global GIS analysis of the transport supply and its relation with the precariousness of the populations, and on the other hand the real problem of access to economic opportunities because of the exorbitant costs of public transport in relation to the income of these peripheral populations, taking into account the case of the peripheral city of Errahma. This second analysis was carried out through a field survey, on the area of the new city of Errahma. Initial analysis of this work has confirmed the existence of a very strong relationship between transport supply, loss of economic opportunity and precariousness in these peripheral areas.
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Peterschmitt, M., M. Granier, and S. Aboulama. "First Report of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Geminivirus in Morocco." Plant Disease 83, no. 11 (November 1999): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.11.1074c.
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In July 1998, shortened internodes, reduced leaf size, leaf curling, and bushy plants were observed in tomato crops in the coastal region near Casablanca, Morocco. The symptoms were similar to those described for tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) disease. During September, the disease was present in more than 130 ha of outdoor and protected crops. Economic losses ranged between 20 and 100%. Similar symptoms were observed in tomato crops in the northeastern region of Morocco. During the same period, high populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) were observed on tomato, sweet pepper, and several weeds, including Sonchus oleraceus L., Chenopodium sp., Malva parviflora L., and Datura stramonium L. Attempts to control whiteflies with insecticides generally were unsuccessful. Using a pair of degenerate primers (3) that are expected to amplify a region of the A component of begomoviruses between the intergenic conserved nonanucleotide sequence and the first 5′ quarter of the capsid protein gene, an expected size product of 500 bp was obtained from six tomato leaf samples collected near Casablanca: four were obtained from symptomatic plants and two from apparently symptomless plants. A product of the same size was obtained from a sample of tomato infected with a TYLCV isolate from Reunion Island, France (2), but not from a sample from symptomless tomato plants from Reunion. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product obtained from one symptomatic sample from Morocco was cloned and sequenced (2). The resulting sequence (EMBL no. AJ133491) was at least 95.2% identical to sequences of TYLCV isolates from the Dominican Republic (EMBL no. AF024715), Cuba (EMBL no. AJ223505), Israel (EMBL no. X15656; EMBL no. X76319 for the mild clone), Spain (EMBL no. AF071228), and Reunion (EMBL no. AJ010790). Based on sequence comparisons, the tomato leaf sample was infected by a geminivirus isolate belonging to the Israeli species of TYLCV and was most closely related to the Dominican Republic isolate (98.4% nucleotide identity). In symptomless plants from which a 500-bp PCR product was obtained, infection may have been in an early stage. This is consistent with the fact that in the 2-ha field from which tomato samples were collected, only 4% of the plants exhibited TYLCV symptoms at the time of collection, whereas at least 70% of plants showed symptoms later, requiring the farmer to abandon the crop. The presence of the Eastern Mediterranean TYLCV species in a Western Mediterranean country is not a new observation; this virus has been described in Spain and Portugal (1). In Morocco, TYLCV symptoms were observed during the 1996 to 1997 growing season, following importation of grafted tomato plants from the Netherlands, by a farmer from the Casablanca region. References: (1) J. Navas-Castillo et al. Plant Dis. 83:29, 1999. (2) M. Peterschmitt et al. Plant Dis. 83:303, 1999. (3) P. Umaharan et al. Phytopathology 88:1262, 1998.
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Buehler, Matt, and Kyung Joon Han. "Who Endorses Amnesty? An Original Survey from Morocco's Casablanca Region Assessing Citizen Support for Regularizing Clandestine Migrants." Review of Middle East Studies 52, no. 2 (November 2018): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2018.92.
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AbstractTo deal with the growing migrant crisis in North Africa, several states have considered granting amnesty to foreign displaced persons (both economic migrants and potential refugees) who have entered their territories clandestinely. Morocco has taken the lead in this policy approach, launching two successful amnesty campaigns in 2014 and 2017 that regularized the status of approximately 40,000 displaced persons in total. While policymakers in many North African states increasingly see this policy as a viable solution, it is less understood how ordinary citizens view such regularization policies. Hence, this article inquires: under what conditions do ordinary native citizens support regularizing clandestine migrants and refugees? Further, what factors correlate with either higher or lower levels of public support for (or opposition to) regularization campaigns? Drawing on an original representative public opinion poll from Morocco's Casablanca-Settat region completed in 2017, this article finds that more than 59 percent of native citizens of Morocco support these regularization campaigns. Particularly, Moroccans who were wealthier, female, and ethnic minorities (black Moroccans) endorsed regularization more strongly. By contrast, Moroccans opposed regularization when they had concerns about whether displaced persons hurt the economy, undermine cultural traditions, and reduce stability.
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Maaroufi, Mohammed Mouhcine, Laila Stour, and Ali Agoumi. "Striving for smart mobility in Morocco: a case of lanes designated to heavy goods vehicles in Casablanca." Engineering Management in Production and Services 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/emj-2021-0006.
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Abstract This article highlights the need to rethink how to manage mobility in Morocco more intelligently, given that it is a major pillar of economic competitiveness. Smart mobility based on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) allows to improve and ensure the optimal use of existing infrastructure before embarking on heavy and irreversible infrastructure projects. The case regarding the separation of the urban traffic and the Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) traffic circulating between Casablanca Port and Zenata Dry Port is a relevant example where smart mobility could provide efficient solutions without building costly tunnels. A dynamic simulation was made using the Aimsun software to quantify the relevance of the proposed lane designated to HGV in the existing road. This simulation allows to visualise congestion sections and quantify the circulation of vehicles and pedestrians. The article presents defined functions and characteristics of the Advanced Traffic Management (ATM) to ensure the optimal operation and efficient setting of the simulation. All appliances, hardware, and sensors that will be set up on-site will help to improve traffic safety, traffic flow, traffic information, and reduce congestion and pollution. This case study illustrates the complexity of managing the flow of goods in cities and suggests how to solve this type of problems using smart mobility. This research proposes reserving a special lane for HGV. ITS will help this cost-optimal alternative, will promote the urban framework of the coastal road, and contribute to sustainable mobility in Casablanca.
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Bourhia, Mohammed, Abdelaaty Abdelaziz Shahat, Omer Mohammed Almarfadi, Fahd Ali Naser, Wael Mostafa Abdelmageed, Amal Ait Haj Said, Fatiha El Gueddari, Abderrahim Naamane, Laila Benbacer, and Naima Khlil. "Ethnopharmacological Survey of Herbal Remedies Used for the Treatment of Cancer in the Greater Casablanca-Morocco." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (July 21, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1613457.
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Medicinal plants played an important role in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases since antiquities. The aim of the study is to carry out an ethnobotanical survey on medicinal plants used traditionally in cancer treatment in the region of Greater Casablanca-Morocco, and to enhance the traditional herbal medicine knowledge. 110 traditional healers in the study area were interviewed face to face to response a survey questionnaire including the names of plants used in cancer treatment, used parts, methods of preparation, and route of administration. Indices of Fidelity Level (FL), Use Value (UV), and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) were calculated to identify the most effective plants used for cancer treatment. Eight species were specified including Aristolochia baetica, Aristolochia paucinervis, Bryonia dioica, Aquilaria malaccensis, Marrubium vulgare, Lavandula maroccana, Ephedra alata, and Euphorbia resinifera belonging to 7 families. Aristolochiaceae, Aquilariaceae, and Cucurbitaceae were the most useful families in cancer treatment with high significant indices of UV, FL, and RFC with values of 1, 100%, and 1, respectively. Roots and leaves were the most commonly used plant parts. Decoction and powder mixed with honey were the frequently used method for remedies preparation. The present study showed that the people living in Morocco’s economic capital are still highly dependent on traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, it seems that herbal medicine still plays a crucial role in the primary healthcare system for the local population. During this survey, it was reported that even some plant families are highly toxic for humans like Aristolochiaceae that are frequently used in cancer treatment in the study area. As many people still rely on natural traditional medicine considering (it is safe with no side effects), so combined effort between all social categories including scientists and traditional healers should be established for involving the scientific validity of the used plants in the treatment of diseases.
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Mallouk, A., H. Elhadrachi, M. E. I. Malaainine, and H. Rhinane. "USING THE SLEUTH URBAN GROWTH MODEL COUPLED WITH A GIS TO SIMULATE AND PREDICT THE FUTURE URBAN EXPANSION OF CASABLANCA REGION, MOROCCO." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W12 (February 26, 2019): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w12-139-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The rapid and sometimes uncontrolled acceleration of urban growth, particularly in developing countries, places increasing pressure on environment and urban population well-being, making it a primary concern for managers. In Casablanca city, Morocco’s economic capital, the rapid urbanization was a result of population explosion, rural exodus and the emergence of new urban centers. Therefore, a system for urban growth simulation and prediction to anticipate infrastructural needs became indispensable to optimize urban planning. The main aim of this work is to study the urban extension of the Grand Casablanca region from 1984 to 2022 and to predict urban growth in 2040 using the SLEUTH cellular automaton model. The methodology consists of calibrating the model using data extracted from a time series of satellite images with a resolution of 30 m acquired between 1984 and 2018, as well as vector data relating to the urban projects planned on the horizon of 2022. The supervised classification and digitization of these images, together with a DEM of the study area, provided the input data required by the model, including Slope, Land use, Exclusion, Transportation and Hillshade. This data was introduced into the model using ArcSLEUTH, a custom extension of ArcGIS to compile the SLEUTH model. The result is synthetic maps of urban growth in the study area up to 2040, as well as the expected percentage indicators of change. The result is an effective decision-support tool for decision-makers and planners to develop more informed development strategies for the region and its people.</p>
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Zougagh, Sophia, Ayoub Belghiti, Tarik Rochd, Ilham Zerdani, and Jamal Mouslim. "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Used in Traditional Treatment of the Oral Pathology: The Ethnobotanical Survey in the Economic Capital Casablanca, Morocco (North Africa)." Natural Products and Bioprospecting 9, no. 1 (November 27, 2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13659-018-0194-6.
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Skalli, Loubna H. "Women and Poverty in Morocco: The Many Faces of Social Exclusion." Feminist Review 69, no. 1 (November 2001): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177800110070120.
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This article focuses on the gender dimension of poverty in Morocco. It questions the inadequate parameters relied on in the existing studies on the subject and underlines their blindness to the complex causes and effects of poverty among the female population in the country. The article then approaches female poverty from its multidimensional perspective in order to underline the social, cultural, legal as well as economic aspects and implications of poverty. The final section of the article gives a critical reading of some of the strategies currently adopted to reduce the incidence of poverty in Morocco.
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Amri, Adil El, Rachid Boutti, and Florence Rodhain. "Sustainable Finance at the time of Institutions : Performativity through the lens of Responsible Management in Morocco." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, no. 2 (2020): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(2).52-64.2020.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of Sustainable Finance disclosure in Institutions and to analyze the relationship between Performativity of Responsible Management and Sustainable Finance. A Performativity of Sustainable Finance through the lens of Responsible Management is constructed. To verify the link between the impact of responsible strategies and structures on the implementation and deployment of Sustainable Finance for reducing CO2 emissions at the time of Institutions, the structural relationships in our model are run. Although several studies have investigated the Sustainable finance, the issue of adoption and performance through the prism Responsible Management remains open. This allowed us to conduct empirical research through a questionnaire involving key axes of our study. We targeted primarily a sample of 40 companies ELEC EXPO International Forum in Casablanca, Morocco, held from 04th to 07th October 2018. We review the carbon finance strategies, analyze its relationship with the structure of the compliance New Economic Regulations and ISO 26 000. Subsequently, we assess the validity of its performance and its adoption prism Responsible Management through a reflexive model. To achieve this, we tested the structural relationships in our model, as the reflective nature of our built and predictive vocation of our model led us to retain the method Partial Least Squares as part of the validation of our research model. Our choice of using the Partial Least Squares approach is justified by the fact that it can treat analyzes on samples of reduced size (<100 observations). Ultimately, some of the literature says that strategies of Sustainable Finance include three dimensions. Indeed, the results indicate two important pillars for the performance of the adoption of the Sustainable Finance for the Moroccan plan; Clean Development Mechanism strategy and structure of the compliance New Economic Regulations and ISO 26 000. We then discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this managerial discovery. Keywords: Sustainable Finance, Joint Implementation (JI), Clean Development mechanism (CDM), Emissions Permits Negotiable (PEN), Responsible Management.
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Zarouali, Mohamed Jamal Eddine. "Le Secteur des BTP au Maroc : Aspects Économiques et Sociaux = Building and Public Works Sector in Morocco: Economic and Social Aspects." Dossiers de Recherches en Economie et Gestion, no. 3 (2014): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0030908.
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Krukowska, Monika. "Tunezja i Maroko. Oblicza Arabskiej Wiosny." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2014.2.2.
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Political changes in Northern Africa, known as the Arab Spring, allowed reli‑ gious parties to take over the power. In the paper I analyzed political developments in Tunisia and Morocco in the past two years. Both countries have accepted reform agendas though their implementation brought about different results. In Tunisia the changes were very volatile, deeply interfering with all aspects of public and private spheres. In Morocco, on the opposite, the process was much more gentle, overseen in all aspects by king Mohamed VI. The fact that ruling political par‑ ties have religious roots has influenced the process of reforms and caused serious anxiety. The complexity of the economic, social, and political challenges in both countries hinders the reform process. The tensions between two ways of devel‑ opment (religious and secular) cause controversy and uncertainty which are the subject of this paper.
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Galiazzo, Francesca. "I Call Center in Marocco: uno studio sulle condizioni di lavoro nel settore." Studi Magrebini 19, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 139–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2590034x-12340043.
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Abstract This article examines the main factors behind bad working conditions in the Call Centers of Morocco. The research is based on fieldwork including 15 semi-structured interviews and in the analysis of government records, labour legislation, academic studies, statistics and other reports from international organizations. The interviews were carried out in Arabic and French in 2018 in Casablanca, Rabat, Fès, Meknès and they involved workers, former workers, trade union leaders and employers from the Call Center sector. Thanks to the interviews we are able to assess in detail the issues faced by workers and, consequently, to explore them. The article highlights the fact that the bad working conditions are caused by a combination of multiple factors, such as the effects of neoliberal reforms, the economic dependence on Europe but also the inefficiency of the labour inspections. The first part discusses the broad factors including the telecommunications’ sector reforms, international agreements, legal and tax reforms that exacerbate directly or indirectly the working conditions. The second part aims to investigate the centers organization and other micro-factors that affect the possibility of claiming rights and speaking out against unfair practices.
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Ayad, Khalid, Khaoula Dobli Bennani, and Mostafa Elhachloufi. "Evolution of university governance in Morocco: Which impacts?" International Journal of Higher Education 9, no. 5 (July 14, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n5p94.
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The concept of governance has become ubiquitous since it is recognized as an important tool for improving quality in all aspects of higher education.In Morocco, few scientific articles have dealt with the subject of university governance. Therefore, we will present a general review of the evolution of governance through laws and reforms established by Moroccan Governments from 1975 to 2019. The purpose of the study is to detect the extent of the presence of university governance principles in these reforms.This study enriches the theoretical literature on the crisis of Moroccan university and opens the way to new empirical studies to better understand the perception of university governance concept in the Moroccan context and to improve the quality of higher education and subsequently the economic development of the country.The findings of this study show an increasing evolution of the presence of university governance principles in reforms and higher education laws.
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Michalak, Laurence. "The Effects of International Labor Migration on the Maghrib." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 31, no. 1 (July 1997): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400034854.
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International Labor migration has powerful consequences for Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Economically, migration affects Maghribi foreign currency earnings, balance of payments, employment rates, entrepreneurship and national economic development generally. Politically, it affects both Maghribi internal politics and relations with Europe. The sociocultural effects of migration are perhaps the most profound, touching aspects of North African life such as dress, music, architecture and nutrition, as well as deeper levels of beliefs and values, such as family structures, child-rearing practices and gender roles—aspects of culture that have generally been thought to be resistant to change.
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Essardi, Omar, and Redouane Razzouk. "Human Capital and Economic Growth in Morocco: Evidence from Bayesian Model Averaging." International Business Research 10, no. 12 (November 16, 2017): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n12p167.
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The paper investigates the relationship between human capital and economic growth in Morocco during the period from 1965 to 2015. In order to test this relationship we estimated a growth function using firstly the Johansen multivariate cointegration test and the Granger causality test. Secondly, we used the method of the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) that takes into consideration the uncertainty related to the specification of the model studied. In the theoretical literature, the difficulty of measuring human capital is often stressed. In order to overcome this problem, we use four proxies of human capital: first, we employ the average years of schooling. Second, we use the index of the gap in life expectancy between Morocco and developed countries. Third, we integrate the qualitative aspects of education and health by constructing two composite indicators of human capital using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method.The main results of regression analysis confirm that in the specification of determinants of GDP per worker the average years of total schooling, the life expectancy index and the indicator of quality of health affect positively and significantly level of GDP per worker. However, in the specification of determinants of the growth of the GDP per worker, we found there is no proxy of human capital that affects significantly the growth of the GDP per worker.In addition, the results of Granger causality test show that only the indicator of quality of health that cause the GDP per worker. As well, these results show that the average years of total schooling and the indicator of quality of education cause the growth of GDP per worker. We suggest that the Moroccan authorities should make additional efforts to raise the level of quality of human capital especially in the health sector and increase the productivity of both public and private investment.
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Techetach, Mohamed, Hafid Achtak, Fatima Rafiq, Abdallah Dahbi, Rabia Ajana, and Younes Saoud. "Maturity and spawning of Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias in M’diq Bay, Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 183 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018301005.
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Knowledge of reproductive parameters is necessary to understand the ecology, the population dynamics and to enable rational management of fish of economic interest. This work is a contribution to the study of some aspects of the reproductive biology of the Atlantic mackerel Scomber colias (Gmelin, 1789) in the Mediterranean Moroccan coast. The study is based on samples taken from commercial catches in M’diq Bay. The spawning period was determined following both the monthly changes of the gonadosomatic index and the histological maturity stages. The Atlantic chub mackerel spawn between November and March, with maximum activity in December.
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Hicham, Jamil, Jamal Elhassan, El Mansouri Bouabid, Moumen Aniss, and Chao Jamal. "Processing and decisions relating to water resources data: The case of Morocco." SHS Web of Conferences 119 (2021): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111903007.
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The national water strategy has been an essential vector of government strategy for a long time. The management of water resources is an integral part of the economic development of Morocco. Nevertheless, the definition of the strategic axes of this component and the adequate decision-making depends directly on the collection and use of all the data relating to water resources. If big data technologies present a suitable solution to ensure optimal and rapid use of its data, the success of functional and technical designs can only be provided after total control of the processing and decision-making processes relating to the water domain. In this paper, we will try to identify the aspects relating to the processes of data collection, processing, consolidation, and decision-making through the use of the results of field surveys and interviews with business managers.
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Jabbouri, Imad, and Maryem Naili. "Does ownership concentration affect cost of debt? Evidence from an emerging market." Review of Behavioral Finance 12, no. 3 (July 23, 2019): 282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rbf-10-2018-0106.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how ownership concentration affects cost of debt (CoD) in one of the most important emerging markets in the Middle East and North Africa, Morocco. Design/methodology/approach The study employs panel data analysis using non-financial firms listed on Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) between 2004 and 2016. To unveil the hidden facets of the relationship between ownership concentration and CoD, and examine if this relationship changes with market conditions, we conduct a pre–post-crisis analysis. Findings The results demonstrate that controlling shareholders promote decent governance as long as they are able to generate appropriate returns. However, this behavior seems to change during the post-crisis period. In their attempts to increase their returns adversely affected by the financial crisis, controlling shareholders switch from guardians of decent governance and firm’s resources to a menace to creditors’ interests. Practical implications Our results expose the severity of agency problems in CSE. It is the duty of all market participants including regulators, board of directors, financial analysts, shareholders and creditors to scrutiny and reinforce governance mechanisms to alleviate expropriation by controlling shareholders. Improving country and firm-level governance mechanisms would enhance investors’ protection, attract international investors and boost the economic activity. Originality/value Prior research is inconclusive about the impact of ownership concentration on CoD. Hence, it is worthwhile to seek new evidence in a new market on the nature of this relationship.
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Samia, Rochdane, El Mandour Abdennabi, Daafi Youssef, Baudron Paul, Chkara Ismail, Teixeira José, and Gomes Alberto. "3D Geological Model of the Eastern Haouz Region (Morocco): Hydrogeological Implications." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 24 (August 31, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n24p53.
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The Eastern Haouz in Morroco is an agricultural region in full demographic, economic, and touristic expansion. To meet the increasingly growing demand of water, this paper focuses on the geological modelling of the basin geometry and on understanding the groundwater circulation. This work presents a geological model of the study area by integrating geological and hydrogeological aspects. It aims to describe a natural complex object by simplifying it to a conceptual and a numerical model. This is aimed at providing a better understanding of the geometry and the characteristics of the reservoir. The cross-sections and the treatment of deep boreholes data confirmed the results of geological modeling. It, however, shows that the region is synclinal and surrounded by two outcrops: the Jebilet and the High Atlas mountains. At the South of the plain, the large thickness of the cover gives a good accumulation of water and ensures the reservoir supply. The rise European Scientific Journal August 2018 edition Vol.14, No.24 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 54 of the basement in the north of the plain imposes a dividing line with two groundwater flow directions.
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Hirich, Abdelaziz, Sifeddine Rafik, Mohamed Rahmani, Amira Fetouab, Fatima Azaykou, Kaoutar Filali, Hayatullah Ahmadzai, et al. "Development of Quinoa Value Chain to Improve Food and Nutritional Security in Rural Communities in Rehamna, Morocco: Lessons Learned and Perspectives." Plants 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020301.
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Agricultural production in the Rehamna region, Morocco is limited with various challenges including drought and salinity. Introduction of climate resilient and rustic crops such as quinoa was an optimal solution to increase farmer’s income and improve food security. This study summarizes results obtained from a research project aiming to develop quinoa value chain in Morocco. The study tackled several aspects including agronomic traits (yield and growth), transformation, quality (nutritional and antinutritional traits) and economic analysis and, finally, a strength–weaknesses–opportunities–threats analysis, lessons learned and development perspectives were presented. From an agronomic point of view, introduced new quinoa cultivars showed higher performance than locally cultivated seeds and, furthermore, the use of irrigation and organic amendment has tremendously improved seed yield by double and three times, respectively, compared to rainfed conditions. Nutritional analysis revealed that protein and phosphorus content remained stable after seed pearling while most of the micronutrients content decreased after seed pearling. However, saponins content was reduced by 68% using mechanical pearling compared to 57% using both traditional abrasion and washing. The economic analysis showed that production cost of quinoa seeds could be further decreased using mechanized intensive tools along with irrigation and organic amendment supply. This study revealed several lessons learned from the field experience and proposed several development actions for each value chain component that can be implemented within a national quinoa program.
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Anigri, Mohamed. "E-learning for smart-universities: pandemic challenges and opportunities in Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 297 (2021): 01066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129701066.
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Both ICT and internet have become a vital part of citizens’ daily lives. In fact, many aspects of cities, including culture, economy, education have become closely linked to ICT. Accordingly, the concept of the smart city has emerged to attract the interest of governments, companies, educational institutions and Universities [1]. In Morocco, most universities or higher education institutions have always been interested in keeping up with the fast-paced world of technology and integrate ICT in mainstream education. However, most attempts to initiate smart universities is always faced with a series of challenges and constraints. Most of which are related to lack of infrastructure, students’ and professors’ lack of technological readiness, and socio-economic inequality among students. Most recently, due to COVID-19, universities are forced to resort to emergency remote learning and scramble different options of e-learning as a dire need to tackle the current educational crisis which creates a certain chaos due to lack of readiness to an advanced technological application. This paper is an attempt to discuss the challenges posed and opportunities offered using e-learning to deal with the new normal (Covid-19) in different educational levels in general and higher education in particular. Significantly, this paper reviews most of that has been said about online learning, describes some of the conducted empirical studies, and calls for implementing e-learning as an innovative teaching strategy for smart universities.
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Herouach, Sofian. "Moroccan Berber Patrimony: An Aptitude for Transnationalism and Universal Coexistence." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 5, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol5no3.13.
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Moroccan Berbers/Imazighen have undergone centuries of cultural and economic exchange with different foreign powers that crossed to the Maghreb throughout history. Following a significant process of interaction and interchange, the mode of life of the indigenous people has been significantly shaped. This might explain a great deal of present-day socio-cultural diversity enjoyed and exercised in Morocco. The present study aims at investigating aspects of Berber’s interaction with the various populations that landed on North Africa throughout history. The research study builds on the following question: How does the Berber heritage enhance an outlook of transnational exchange and cooperation? The study reaches out the conclusion that Moroccan Imazighen had cohabited and coexisted with different races since immemorial times. Moreover, the study infers that such a longstanding tradition of borderless socio-cultural and economic exchange may serve as a background legacy for present-day Moroccan transnationalism and universal coexistence.
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Hamdi, Salsabil, Abdellah Faouzi, Rajaa Ejghal, Abderahmane Laamrani, Hamid Amarouch, Mohammed Hassar, and Meryem Lemrani. "Socio-economic and environmental factors associated with Montenegro skin test positivity in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in northern Morocco." Microbiology Research 3, no. 1 (March 20, 2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mr.2012.e7.
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In Marocco, many aspects of human asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) still have to be clarified and little information is available about the factors that predispose individuals to asymptomatic infection. A prospective study was carried out in 889 healthy children under the age of 15 years living in two provinces in the endemic area in northern Morocco (the provinces of Taounate and My Yacoub) from April to May 2010. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and the socio-economic and environmental characteristics associated with infection by <em>Leishmania infantum</em>. The Montenegro skin test (MST) was used to detect asymptomatic infection. The prevalence of transmission of infection was 11.4% and approximately 2 times higher in Taounate than in My Yacoub, as measured by MST. Asymptomatic infection was associated with gender, age, presence of familial links, proximity to chickens, and the number of people in the house and locality, but it was not associated to education status, presence of dogs, livestock waste, sewage disposal, water supply system or use of insecticides
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Benabderrahim, Mohamed Ali, and Walid Elfalleh. "Forage Potential of Non-Native Guinea Grass in North African Agroecosystems: Genetic, Agronomic, and Adaptive Traits." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061071.
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Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq., renamed Megathyrsus maximus Jacq.) is a native forage plant in Africa of great economic value, but it was introduced in almost all tropical countries as a source of animal forage. Over the last decade, it was introduced in North arid regions of Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt) through authorized and unauthorized ways. It has two reproduction modes through sexual and apomictic ways. Besides its ability to provide high nutritive forage, guinea grass could affect the oases agroecosystems diversity due to its genetic aspects (apomixis and autotetraploidy) and eco-physiological traits (allelopathy effect and resistance to abiotic stress). That is why a review of genetic and eco-physiologic aspects of guinea grass is essential to investigate its potential introduction and management in new regions, particularly in arid and semiarid zones. In this paper, we review the most important traits of this plant that should be considered (polyploidy, apomixis, allelopathic effect, drought and salinity resistance, and invasion) for the potential success of guinea grass in integrated systems of forage/livestock.
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KEITH, JOHN E., and SAID OUATTAR. "STRATEGIC PLANNING, IMPACT ASSESSMENT, AND TECHNICAL AID: THE SOUSS-MASSA INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 06, no. 02 (June 2004): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333204001699.
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Government agencies, like individuals, can "lose sight" of the impacts of their policies on natural and social systems. Environmental impact analysis (EIA), strategic environmental analysis (SEA), and strategic planning are all aspects of analyzing and projecting the impacts of various management decisions on the public and on natural systems. Integrated river-basin management is another aspect of this type of planning. Integrated management requires several basic conditions. Among these are clear communications among all the actors involved in managing the basin's water resources, one or more sets of data which are shared by all decision-makers, and tools by which the decision-makers can evaluate policies (impact assessment). In the Souss Massa River Basin in Morocco, the result of un-coordinated policies for economic development has led to declining water tables as well as potentially damaging surface and groundwater pollution. The Government of Morocco (GOM), recognizing the need for coordinated and integrated water management, passed a law creating new River Basin Agencies. Aiding those agencies and their partners in developing integrated management is the objective of the USAID-sponsored Souss-Massa Integrated Water Management (SIWM) project. The project activities have been designed to develop and support communications, data sharing and model building within the institutions in the Souss-Massa Basin as a demonstration for all Moroccan river basins but space and time constraints require a more pointed discussion. The focus of this paper is on capacity building for strategic planning and integrated management being undertaken and, to the extent possible, some of the lessons learned.
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Chakhchar, Abdelghani, Mouna Lamaoui, Youssef El Kharrassi, Thouria Bourhim, Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf, and Cherkaoui El Modafar. "A Review on the Root System of Argania spinosa." Current Agriculture Research Journal 8, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 07–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.8.1.03.
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The Argane tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] is a remarkable essence by its botanical interest, ecological services, and its socio-economic value. This endemic species is known by its adaptive behavior to arid and semi-arid regions where it grows naturally in vast forests in Southwestern Morocco. Although its adaptation has been commonly attributed to various mechanisms in different organs and tissues, whose the root system has a primary role in this whole process. However, the increased aridity and desertification in the Mediterranean region appear to affect the health, growth and functioning of the root system of A. spinosa. In this review, we highlighted morphological aspects and physiological and biochemical mechanisms related to the roots and involved in the abiotic stress tolerance in the Argane tree. The mycorrhizal symbiosis in Argane tree plays a vital role in nutrient uptake and growth of this woody species, as well as in the adaptation to its environment. Despite the difficulties encountered in rooting during its in vitro propagation, this technique seems to be an attractive alternative for the regeneration of the selected Argane tree.
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Askerud, Pernille, and Barbara Adler. "Design Education for Local Development." Artifact 3, no. 4 (July 12, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/artifact.v3i4.12813.
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In the western part of the world, the concept of design is increasingly perceived as a central means of how we organize the world and imbue it with (cultural) meaning, rather than a quality attached to material objects. In this article we are interested in what concept of design is implied in typical design training activities in different cultural contexts (Morocco, India, Thailand, Mexico, and Singapore).Inspired by the questions that have arisen in connection with project experience and research done by the authors in many countries, this survey outlines approaches and efforts to establish design competence with a particular paradigm to the fostering of sustainable economic and cultural development in local communities. Having worked with development projects involving various aspects of design, we have chosen to study projects with clear design goals as examples of how diverse the interpretation of the concept of design can be. These observations may stimulate an awareness of the important impact of notions of design in terms of innovation and cultural diversity and may even give rise to more research into these issues.
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Gandolfo, K. Luisa. "Debating Arab Authoritarianism." American Journal of Islam and Society 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v26i1.1416.
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The Middle East has long contended with the title of the region most lackingin democratic state structures, and while several countries endeavor toenforce a form of democracy, yet others preserve the frameworks that efficientlysustain their monarchies, revenue, and power status in the area. Thetwin questions of how and why democracy has proved elusive in theMiddleEast forms the crux of the collection of essays comprised within Schlumberger’stome: Debating Arab Authoritarianism: Dynamics and Durabilityin Nondemocratic Regimes.Spanning Morocco to Oman, via Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia, theauthoritarian mode of governance is surveyed through an assessment of thedurability of regimes, the role of Islamist political parties, intra-regimedynamics, and the economic aspects of political reform. Divided into foursections, the book’s structure incorporates key elements of Arab authoritarianism:“State-Society Relations and Political Opposition,” “The Regimes,”“The Economy and the Polity,” and “The InternationalArena.” That the sectionsretain a subtle reluctance to address the link between the repressivecapacities ofArab states and their longevity, as well as the concept that Islamis incompatible with democracy, is conspicuous, yet prudent. Far fromretreadingworn theories, the contributors provide fresh conceptual and comparativeanalyses of individual countries and the region on a wider level, inaddition to prospects for the respective regimes ...
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Benqlilou, H., and S. Bensaid. "Protection and performance of the ancestral water supply system ‘Khettara’ as a sustainable alternative for arid regions." Water Supply 13, no. 6 (September 12, 2013): 1452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.153.
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Located in a semi-arid region in the south and east of the country, the Moroccan oases are characterized by severe aridity and scarcity of water resources. However, the ancestral populations have shown a major form of adaptation to aridity constraints through the development of knowledge and heuristic expertise on a traditional water supply system called ‘Khettara’. Currently, the effects of climate change on the one hand and the deep social, cultural and economic transformations on the other, have caused the productivity of traditional agriculture to no longer match population needs with progressive vanishing of Khettara as its consequence. A diagnostic study of the situation of oases conducted in the south of Morocco makes it possible to address the socio-economic, environmental and cultural aspects by developing and using a specific methodology to assess fragile ecosystems (DPSIR: Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response). The main aim of the present work is to provide a methodology allowing the formulation of the required knowledge for the mobilization of traditional water resources techniques such as Khettaras, in order to maintain the national heritage of oases. The modeling formalism of UML (Unified Modeling Language) is borrowed from information technology for the purpose of standardization. The developed methodology enhances these traditional water supply systems by combining traditional and modern techniques to increase their performance in terms of reduced maintenance costs and increased productivity. The developed methodology has been applied to a real case characterized by extreme aridity.
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Dr. Abdelhamid, Nechad. "Resources and capabilities in emerging countries: Which causality?" ЕКОНОМІКА І РЕГІОН Науковий вісник, no. 4(75) (December 27, 2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/eir.2019.4(75).1816.
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The article deals with analysis of the observations and results that point to the contrast between useful-based and resource-based approaches and the possibilities-based approach, founded by Amartya Sina (Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998). Thus, a possibilities-based approach seeks to remedy the situation by focusing on the ability to achieve specific goals rather than on the means. The nature of real existence has always been of interest to social thinkers for centuries. If the current criteria of economic progress, reflected in a number of ‘turnkey’ statistics, are orientated on the growth of inanimate "comfort objects" (such as GNP and GDP in the basis of countless economic development studies), this focus can only be justified by the impact of these objects on human lives (that they directly or indirectly affect). The interest in replacing them with direct indicators of the quality of life, well-being and freedom that people enjoy is becoming more and more apparent. The article is presented in two parts. In the first part, we will try to highlight the imperfections of traditional currency indicators, as well as the difficulties of measuring various aspects of poverty, especially in developing countries such as Morocco. We argue that poverty is not simply an idea of the inadequacy of an individual's economic means, but rather a fundamental shortcoming that entails deprivations. The second part of the paper focuses on the reorientation of ability to explain the extent to which a possibilities-based approach could be the basis for assessing the level of financial difficulties rather than resource-focused income and wealth.
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Kharrich, Mohammed, Salah Kamel, Rachid Ellaia, Mohammed Akherraz, Ali S. Alghamdi, Mamdouh Abdel-Akher, Ahmad Eid, and Mohamed I. Mosaad. "Economic and Ecological Design of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Based on a Developed IWO/BSA Algorithm." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060687.
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In this paper, an optimal design of a microgrid including four houses in Dakhla city (Morocco) is proposed. To make this study comprehensive and applicable to any hybrid system, each house has a different configuration of renewable energies. The configurations of these four houses are PV/wind turbine (WT)/biomass/battery, PV/biomass, PV/diesel/battery, and WT/diesel/battery systems. The comparison factor among these configurations is the cost of energy (COE), comparative index, where the load is different in the four houses. Otherwise, the main objective function is the minimization of the net present cost (NPC), subject to several operating constraints, the power loss, the power generated by the renewable sources (renewable fraction), and the availability. This objective function is achieved using a developed optimization algorithm. The main contribution of this paper is to propose and apply a new optimization technique for the optimal design of a microgrid considering different economic and ecological aspects. The developed optimization algorithm is based on the hybridization of two metaheuristic algorithms, the invasive weed optimization (IWO) and backtracking search algorithm (BSA), with the aim of collecting the advantages of both. The proposed hybrid optimization algorithm (IWO/BSA) is compared with the original two optimization methods (IWO and BSA) as well as other well-known optimization methods. The results indicate that PV/biomass and PV/diesel/battery systems have the best energy cost using the proposed IWO/BSA algorithm with 0.1184 $/kWh and 0.1354 $/kWh, respectively. The best system based on its LCOE factor is the PV/biomass which represents an NPC of 124,689 $, the size of this system is 349.55 m2 of PV area and the capacity of the biomass is 18.99 ton/year. The PV/diesel/battery option has also good results, with a system NPC of 142,233 $, the size of this system is about 391.39 m2 of PV area, rated power of diesel generator about 0.55 kW, and a battery capacity of 12.97 kWh. Otherwise, the proposed IWO/BSA has the best convergence in all cases. It is observed that the wind turbine generates more dumped power, and the PV system is highly suitable for the studied area.
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Mechouat, Karima. "Moroccan Women in the Domestic Services Sector: Recognizing The Unrecognized: Fez as a Case Study." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 17 (June 30, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n17p17.
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The present paper aims to uncover the socio-economic and legal situation of women involved within the domestic services sector. It draws on parts of the findings brought about by a research paper I conducted in the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctorate at the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences in Fez, Morocco. Being more essentially based on ethnography, the study was carried out through the use of observation, focus group and structured/semi-structured interviews which were conducted and analyzed in the light of the established theoretical framework of this exploratory investigation. What is new in this article is the fact that the investigation’s findings will be analysed and discussed through a critical rereading of the Moroccan Labour Law on domestic workers to gauge the extent to which it complies with the International Labour Standards set by the Domestic Workers Convention. As a result of structural adjustment, a considerable number of unemployed workers are urged to invade the informal sector. This study reveals that women involved in the domestic services sector as an informal and feminized sector are not only economically and socially marginalized, but they are also marginalized at the legislative level. All this indicates the importance of recognizing the unremunerated and the under-remunerated contributions of women to the domestic services sector and to all aspects of development. It also suggests the urgent need to amend the labour law on domestic workers and bring it in line with the International Labour Organization Standards to improve domestic workers’ conditions.
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Joffé, E. G. H. "The Moroccan Nationalist Movement: Istiqlal, the Sultan, and the Country." Journal of African History 26, no. 4 (October 1985): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700028759.
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The conventional view of the Moroccan nationalist movement argues that its success was rooted in the experience of the Second World War in Morocco. However, this overlooks the critical differentiation in popular response to nationalist ideas that developed over the period from 1926 to independence in 1956. Whereas the pre-war nationalist movement was urban-based, with a strong middle-class and Salafiyyist tradition behind it, and picked up support from other urban groups that suffered from the Great Depression in the 1930s, it consistently lacked the essential concomitant of a broad rural base. This was in part due to the effective control of rural areas maintained by the French administration, but also arose from the development of a new élite in rural areas that had a clear interest in acquisition and control of land. Although this group had antecedents that originated from pre-colonial times, it was the conditions of the Protectorate and the development of a money-based economy which allowed it to flourish while other aspects of indigenous economic activity declined. This group, which may be considered to constitute a ‘kulak’ class, thus had an evident interest in supporting the French Protectorate authorities, and little concern for nationalist aspirations, particularly since it was also closely associated with the French administration of rural areas through its role in the caïdat. It was only when this élite found its economic interests threatened, and realized that the nationalist movement had the support of the Sultan, that its political concerns were redirected. This change occurred in 1947 with the Tangier speech, in which Mohammed V implicitly rejected French tutelage and, by inference, turned to the nationalist movement to support his dynasty. The speech coincided with the end of the consequences of the 1945 famine, which gave the nationalist movement its opportunity to extend its network into rural areas. It was this development, rather than the Second World War itself, that ensured the ultimate success of the Moroccan nationalist movement.
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Krylov, A. V. "THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR IN THE «ARAB SPRING»." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(31) (August 28, 2013): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-4-31-43-51.
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A huge wave of mass protests for the last years has lead to a collapse of many longstanding traditional regimes in some Arab states (Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Yemen). In other states (Syria, Bahrain, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Algeria and Morocco) a serious aggravation of political situation occurred. Many experts in Russia as well as abroad share an opinion that the phenomenon of the “Arab revolution" or the so cold "Arab Spring" has the same basic pattern: after the beginning of unrest in North Africa and the Middle East the Islamist political parties, organizations and groups are gaining strength, popularity and influence. The main content of the article is focused on the analysis of religious, political, socio-economic and other aspects of the contemporary ideology and practice of the radical Islam, its threats and challenges. The current situation in the region has favored the creation of a new political alliance in the Greater Middle East. Now the US administration's policy in the Middle East is aimed at the advancement of the of the radical Islam front to Iran, North Caucasus region and Central Asia. This policy corresponds to the global strategic interests of the U.S. regional partners including Petro-Islamic States, Turkey and even Israel. Analyzing the situation around Syria the author notes that the steps undertaken by the members of the new regional alliance to eliminate B. Assad - another victim of the "Arab Spring" – can, first of all, aggravate an extremely unstable situation in Syria, and, secondly, create a real perspective of the radical Islam advancement right up to the borders of the Russian Federation.
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Arib, Fatima. "Promoting the Green Economy in Morocco: Analysis of the contextual specificities." elni Review, June 2017, 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/elni.2017.005.
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Over the past decades, the protection of the environment has become one of the major challenges that Morocco has committed to. The limited impact of the socio-economic programs, coupled with significant environmental degradation, require a shift in policy and priorities to a green and inclusive economy that can contribute to the reduction of poverty and unemployment, and the unwinding of territorial imbalances. This paper aims to analyse the main contextual features of the green economy in Morocco. The main aspects that mark the socio-economic, environmental and regulatory contexts are thus drawn up. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of the progress made by Morocco and the challenges it needs to overcome.
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El handri, Kaoutar, and Abdellah Idrissi. "Correlations and Hierarchical Clustering investigation between weather and SARS-CoV-2." Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 13 (November 9, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666255813999201109201006.
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Background:: Humanity today faces a global emergency. It is conceivably the greatest crisis of our generation. The coronavirus pandemic, which has many global implications, has led researchers worldwide to seek solutions to this crisis, including the search for effective treatment in the first place. Objective:: This study aims to identify the factors that can have an essential effect on COVID-19 comportment. Having proper management and control of imports of COVID-19 depends on many factors that are highly dependent on a country's sanitary capacity and infrastructure technology. Nevertheless, meteorological parameters can also be a connecting factor to this disease; seines temperature and humidity are compatible with the behavior of a seasonal respiratory virus. Methods:: In this work, we analyze the correlation between weather and the COVID-19 epidemic in Casablanca, the economic capital of Morocco. It is based on the primary analysis of COVID-19 surveillance data from the Ministry of Health of the Kingdom of Morocco and weather data from the meteorological data. Weather factors include minimum temperature (°C), maximum temperature (°C), mean temperature (°C), maximum wind speed (Km/h), humidity (%), and rainfall (mm). The Spearman and Kendall rank correlation test is used for data analysis. Between the weather components. Results:: The mean temperature, maximum temperature (°C) and Humidity were significantly correlated with the COVID-19 pandemic with respectively (r= -0.432, r = -0.480; r=0.402, and p=- 0.212, p= -0.160, and p= &-0.240). Conclusion:: This discovery helps reduce the incidence rate of COVID-19 in Morocco, considering the significant correlation between weather and COVID-19, of about more than 40%.
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Bassim, Houda. "An Exploratory Study on Digital Transformation and Communication within the Moroccan Firms." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, March 2, 2021, 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i131235.
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Starting from the beginning of the third millennium, firms around the world in various economic sectors have been powerfully affected by the evolution process of digital technology and associated internet developments.
The use of Internet and new digital technologies has been considered as a great revolution that will allow companies to benefit from new opportunities, in order to extend their activities and profitability, specifically through decreases in costs. While some companies have been investing rapidly in this new filed with the aim to take advantages of new opportunities, others seem to fail in following such developmental pattern.
The main research question in the present paper is to understand perceptions of a sample of Moroccan firms operating in Casablanca, regarding the currently observed process of communication-based digital transformation worldwide. In this sense, our study turns to be exploratory, that is based on open interviews, within a focus group of professionals in the digital sector, rather than on collected data and effective orientations. Such exploratory analysis will be followed by upcoming empirical studies for a more comprehensive understanding of the profession.
Our research paper aspires thereby to better grasping the process of digitalization of communication channels among the firms’ professionals, as selected. The ultimate target is to know how well firms are evolving in utilizing newly integrated digital tools, with respect to innovation and trademarks.
To address this issue in an exploratory perspective, we have resorted to a focus group-based enquiry with six professionals of firms operating in Casablanca. The methodological framework relies upon qualitative data, as collected through the conducted interviews.
The major research finding of the present paper is that the pattern of digital transformation and communication seems to follow the one observed worldwide. Nevertheless, in spite of strong customers’ expectations, some hesitations and inadequate fundraising allocations partially explain the relative slowness of the process. In terms of policy implications, a suitable public-private partnership is still needed so as Morocco can foster digital transformation for economic and social development as well as improvements in the population’s standards of life, especially through investment in human capital for better attractivity-generating progress.
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MTALSI, Maria. "Assesment of the Impact of Severe Early Childhood Caries on the Quality of Life of Preschool Children and their Parents." Journal of Pediatric Dentistry, 2020, 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14744/jpd.2020.15_20.
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of the early childhood caries (S-ECC) and its impact on preschool children’s life (aged 4-6), as well as on their parents, in one of the most popular prefectures in Casablanca, Morocco. Materials and Methods: Parents of 546 children attending 11 randomly selected preschools (7 private and 4 public institutions) were invited to complete 13 items of an oral health questionnaire and had their children undergo a dental examination. The quality of life was evaluated using the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Statistical analysis: The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). To find the comparison between groups, Chi-square test was used. Results: The prevalence of the ECC and the S-ECC were 74.2% and 47.3% respectively. The negative effect of S-ECC on children’s quality of life has many aspects: 59.3% of them have experienced tooth pain, 41.5% have reported eating difficulties, and 41.3% have had drinking difficulties. Moreover, 40% of parents expressed feelings of guilt and 10.6% had to take time off work due to their children’s oral health status. On another note, the financial impact of the S-ECC was also significant. Conclusion: The S-ECC negatively impacts the life quality of children aged between 4 and 6 years old in addition to their parents’. This suggests a need for further strategic planning and preventive program adapted to such a public health problem.
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"Hypsometrical Technique Automated as a Decision Support System, Assessment of Environmental Indicators in Loukkos Basin in Morocco." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 9 (July 10, 2019): 3109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i7753.078919.
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The primary objective of this current paper is to design, develop and automate an approach called the Hypsometrical Approach (HA). This approach automated and developed as a decision support system using environmental indicators for managing and planning water resources. It servers to analyze and to make comparison of various current and future scenarios of different quantifiable indicators for any consideration and for various socio-economic aspects. It is also used as a decision tool to improve or at least to preserve environment and natural resources. HA needs to draw its data from different sources like satellite images and watershed information system such as watershed characteristics including equipment infrastructures (Drinking water supply, irrigation system), transportation infrastructures (Roads, dams), natural resources (Water, soils, and vegetation), human activities (Agriculture, urbanization and industry) and different socio-economic factors (Demography). Globally in this paper the automation of this Hypsometrical Approach is divided into two main parts, the first part based on identifying and extracting data pixel by pixel from classified satellite images using python programming language, and the second part related to the development of a system allowing users to generate and visualize different curves called hypsometrical curves developed using Java programming language. We can combine any hypsometrical curve with arithmetic operations (addition, multiplication, subtraction and division) in order to assess some other indicators such as water resources, watershed storage capacities, vegetation, soils and forest potentials curves. Briefly, the objective of automating hypsometrical approach is to make efficient decision to improve the socio-economic level and enhance sustainable development.
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Súarez Blanco, Sergio. "Las colonias españolas en África durante el primer franquismo (1939-1959) : algunas reflexiones." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie V, Historia Contemporánea, no. 10 (January 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfv.10.1997.2945.
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La revalorización de las «colonias» españolas en África (Protectorado de Marruecos, Ifni, Sahara, Guinea Ecuatorial) durante el régimen de Franco vino de la mano de las reivindicaciones territoriales esgrimidas en el transcurso de la Segunda Guerra Mundial con la pretensión de construir un Imperio colonial. Tras los excesos retóricos, la política africana fue impulsada por la Presidencia del Gobierno (Carrero) a través de la Dirección General de Marruecos y Colonias y del Instituto de Estudios Africanos. Esto dio pie a la constitución de un discurso africanista, que no desdeñó los aspectos económicos.The regime of General Franco amied at revaluating its colonies in África (Morocco's Protectorate, Ifni, Sahara, Equatorial Guinea) to form a Colonial Empire through territorial expansión during Worl War II. A frican policy was designed by Carrero Blanco, Deputy Minister to the Mead of the Government through the Department of Morocco and Colonial Affairs and the Institute of African Studies. It led to an Africanist discourse that emphasized the economic aspects of the affair.
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Elmoulat, Meryem, Lahcen Ait Brahim, Abderrahman Elmahsani, Abdellah Abdelouafi, and Mohammed Mastere. "Mass movements susceptibility mapping by using heuristic approach. Case study: province of Tétouan (North of Morocco)." Geoenvironmental Disasters 8, no. 1 (August 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40677-021-00192-0.
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AbstractThis research paper aims to model Mass Movements Susceptibility (MMS) in the province of Tétouan. First, we identified the characteristics and spatial mapping of the different types of MM (collapse, mudflows, and complex landslides) by means of the interpretation of satellite images and from fieldwork. Subsequently, we selected the predictive parameters controlling the occurrence of MM e.g. lithology, land use, fault density, hydrographic network density, slope degrees, slope aspects, and elevation. We used the heuristic method for Modeling Mass Movements Susceptibility (MMMS). The choice of this method compared to other methods (fractal, factorial, and neurons) is justified by the possibilities of intervention and the judgment of the expert who relies on the ground truth to select the parameters, to identify the classes, and to assign the weights to each one; unlike to other methods with steps that are done automatically and randomly. The results of the validation of the susceptibility map correspond to 70% compared to the field data and it includes five susceptibility classes (not susceptible, low, moderate, high, and very high). Indeed, the originality of this paper relies on the fact that the creation of our susceptibility map will eventually indicate the areas of roads, dwellings, the extension of urbanization, and dams, which are located in areas at risk of MM. Our map is also a powerful decision-making tool to conduct management plans and to guide the selection of sites to build new projects; which help mitigate the socio-economic impacts usually encountered when mass movements in Tétouan province are triggered.
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Qadir, Manzoor, Gabriela C. Jiménez, Rebecca L. Farnum, and Peter Trautwein. "Research History and Functional Systems of Fog Water Harvesting." Frontiers in Water 3 (April 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2021.675269.
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Water is among the top five global risks in terms of impacts translated through socio-economic and environmental challenges, influencing people's wellbeing. The situation is grim in water-scarce countries, which need to think and act beyond conventional water resources and tap unconventional water supplies to narrow the gap between water demand and supply. Among unconventional water resources, water embedded in fog is increasingly seen as a source of potable water in dry areas where fog is intense and prevalent. Although a low maintenance option and a green technology to supply freshwater, the potential to collect water from air through fog harvesting is by far under-explored. Based on the comprehensive analysis of fog water collection's research history since 1980, this study reveals that recent years have witnessed a sharp increase in research related to technological developments in fog collection systems. Also, there is an increased focus on associated policy and institutional aspects, economics, environmental dimensions, capacity building, community participation, and gender mainstreaming. In addition to research, fog water collection practice has also increased over time with emerging examples worldwide, notably from Canary Islands, Chile, Colombia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Israel, Morocco, Namibia, Oman, Peru, and South Africa. The functional systems of fog water collection demonstrate community engagement, women empowerment, enhanced capacity and training, and active participation of local institutions as the key drivers for effective fog collection systems to provide a sustainable supply of freshwater to the associated communities.
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Elkhalloufi, Fahd, Saber Boutayeb, Fouzia Mamouch, Latifa Rakibi, Sanae Elazzouzi, and Hassan Errihani. "The evolution of the socio-cultural and religious characteristics of cancer patients in Morocco: case of the National Institute of Oncology Rabat." BMC Cancer 21, no. 1 (May 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08175-y.
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Abstract Background In 2020, Morocco recorded more than 59,370 new cases of cancer and more than 35,265 cases of death (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Annual report Morocco, 2020). Cancer is always accompanied by socially constructed, differentiated, and contingent interpretations and practices according to the socio-cultural and religious characteristics of each region. The study aims at describing the evolution of the socio-cultural and religious aspects of Moroccan cancer patients followed at the National Institute of Oncology (NIO) of Rabat between 2010 and 2020. Methods We have prospectively studied all cancer cases diagnosed at the National Oncology Institute (NIO), Rabat in 2019. We have collected 1102 cases. The data collected was compared with the results of the study carried out in 2010 (1600 cases). Statistical analysis has been assessed by SPSS 20 software and the correlations between socio-cultural characteristics were examined using a chi-square test. Results From a socio-economic point of view, almost all patients claim that cancer is a costly disease as well as a disease that leads to a drop in income and the inevitable impoverishment of Moroccan patients. The illiteracy rate is still high; rising from 38% in 2010 to 42.80% in 2020. On the psychological level, damage to body image (alopecia, mastectomy, hysterectomy,) can lead to stigmatizing and harms the marital relationship. The number of patients experiencing divorce and marital separation that seems to occur following cancer pathology remains high, despite a decrease of nearly 50% between 2010 and 2020. Concerning the spiritual aspect, in the Arab-Amazigh-Muslim culture, the impact of the occurrence of cancer is very particular, and the repercussions are assessed differently depending on the degree of conviction. For practicing believers, cancer is considered a divine test and an opportunity to improve. In the Qur’an, God tests the best of his disciples to reward them The rate of practicing believers has evolved from 49% in 2010 to 85.50% in 2020.But for non-practicing believers, cancer is regarded as a divine punishment coming from outside. New behaviors reported by this research concern the use of “roquia”. This spiritual cure is considered as an anti-cancer remedy. It uses Allah’s words from the holy “qur’an”, his faires names and his attributes. 42% of patients use “roquia”. Concerning phytotherapy, there was an increase in the percentage of participants using medicinal plants and even the most harmful plants (Arestiloch, Euphorbia) from 26% in 2010 to 51.50% in 2020. Conclusion The precarious social level of cancer patients, the lack of social and medical coverage, illiteracy, and lack of knowledge of religion, as well as dissatisfaction with conventional medicine, may lead patients to the use of traditional medicine (medicinal plants, visit of “marabouts”, “roquia”). This can have a negative impact on the quality of access to oncology care.
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Ramirez-Rubio, Oriana, Carolyn Daher, Gonzalo Fanjul, Mireia Gascon, Natalie Mueller, Leire Pajín, Antoni Plasencia, David Rojas-Rueda, Meelan Thondoo, and Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen. "Urban health: an example of a “health in all policies” approach in the context of SDGs implementation." Globalization and Health 15, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0529-z.
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Abstract Background Cities are an important driving force to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the New Urban Agenda. The SDGs provide an operational framework to consider urbanization globally, while providing local mechanisms for action and careful attention to closing the gaps in the distribution of health gains. While health and well-being are explicitly addressed in SDG 3, health is also present as a pre condition of SDG 11, that aims at inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities. Health in All Policies (HiAP) is an approach to public policy across sectors that systematically takes into account the health implications of decisions, seeks synergies, and avoids harmful health impacts in order to improve population health and health equity. HiAP is key for local decision-making processes in the context of urban policies to promote public health interventions aimed at achieving SDG targets. HiAPs relies heavily on the use of scientific evidence and evaluation tools, such as health impact assessments (HIAs). HIAs may include city-level quantitative burden of disease, health economic assessments, and citizen and other stakeholders’ involvement to inform the integration of health recommendations in urban policies. The Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)‘s Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative provides an example of a successful model of translating scientific evidence into policy and practice with regards to sustainable and healthy urban development. The experiences collected through ISGlobal’s participation implementing HIAs in several cities worldwide as a way to promote HiAP are the basis for this analysis. Aim The aim of this article is threefold: to understand the links between social determinants of health, environmental exposures, behaviour, health outcomes and urban policies within the SDGs, following a HiAP rationale; to review and analyze the key elements of a HiAP approach as an accelerator of the SDGs in the context of urban and transport planning; and to describe lessons learnt from practical implementation of HIAs in cities across Europe, Africa and Latin-America. Methods We create a comprehensive, urban health related SDGs conceptual framework, by linking already described urban health dimensions to existing SDGs, targets and indicators. We discuss, taking into account the necessary conditions and steps to conduct HiAP, the main barriers and opportunities within the SDGs framework. We conclude by reviewing HIAs in a number of cities worldwide (based on the experiences collected by co-authors of this publication), including city-level quantitative burden of disease and health economic assessments, as practical tools to inform the integration of health recommendations in urban policies. Results A conceptual framework linking SDGs and urban and transportplanning, environmental exposures, behaviour and health outcomes, following a HiAP rationale, is designed. We found at least 38 SDG targets relevant to urban health, corresponding to 15 SDGs, while 4 important aspects contained in our proposed framework were not present in the SDGs (physical activity, noise, quality of life or social capital). Thus, a more comprehensive HiAP vision within the SDGs could be beneficial. Our analysis confirmed that the SDGs framework provides an opportunity to formulate and implement policies with a HiAP approach. Three important aspects are highlighted: 1) the importance of the intersectoral work and health equity as a cross-cutting issue in sustainable development endeavors; 2) policy coherence, health governance, and stakeholders’ participation as key issues; and 3) the need for high quality data. HIAs are a practical tool to implement HiAP. Opportunities and barriers related to the political, legal and health governance context, the capacity to inform policies in other sectors, the involvement of different stakeholders, and the availability of quality data are discussed based on our experience. Quantitative assessments can provide powerful data such as: estimates of annual preventable morbidity and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) under compliance with international exposure recommendations for physical activity, exposure to air pollution, noise, heat, and access to green spaces; the associated economic impacts in health care costs per year; and the number of preventable premature deaths when improvements in urban and transport planning are implemented. This information has been used to support the design of policies that promote cycling, walking, public, zero and low-emitting modes of transport, and the provision of urban greening or healthy public open spaces in Barcelona (e.g. Urban Mobility, Green Infrastructure and Biodiversity Plans, or the Superblocks’s model), the Bus Rapid Transit and Open Streets initiatives in several Latin American cities or targeted SDGs assessments in Morocco. Conclusions By applying tools such as HIA, HiAP can be implemented to inform and improve transport and urban planning to achieve the 2030 SDG Agenda. Such a framework could be potentially used in cities worldwide, including those of less developed regions or countries. Data availability, taking into account equity issues, strenghtening the communication between experts, decision makers and citizens, and the involvement of all major stakeholders are crucial elements for the HiAP approach to translate knowledge into SDG implementation.