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Journal articles on the topic 'Casamance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Lambert, Michael C. "Violence and the war of words: ethnicityv.nationalism in the Casamance." Africa 68, no. 4 (1998): 585–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161167.

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Since 1982 the Mouvement des forces démocratique casamançais has been fighting for the independence of the Casamance region of Senegal. In 1989, when the Mouvement initiated a sustained military campaign, Senegal's official and independent press began to provide intensive coverage of its activities and objectives. This article documents the arguments for and against Casamançais independence as documented by Senegal's press in the year following the resurgence of this conflict. The Mouvement's leadership has consistently maintained that its efforts to win independence for the Casamance are legitimate because France created the Casamance. The French, it argues, never intended the Casamance to be administratively incorporated into Senegal. Conversely, those opposed to the Mouvement have attempted to delegitimise its activities by claiming that it represents the interests of the Jola, just one of the Casamance's many ethnic groups. It is argued that the Senegalese government and other opponents of the Mouvement have attempted to label the independence movement an ethnic movement because of a distinction in African political ideology between nationalism and ethnicity. According to this ideology, nationalism, and other legitimate forms of political mobilisation, should represent a plural constituency. Those that represent the narrow interests of a single ethnic group are not considered legitimate.

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2

Bernard Biagui, Noël. "Les prépositions en Créole Casamançais." Traduction et Langues 22, no. 2 (2023): 162–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v22i2.965.

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Prepositions in Casamance Creole If nouns, verbs, and adjectives can manifest indications of person, plurality, or negation, and recognize that adverbs, at the very least, may bear the mark of negation, a distinct category of words emerges that is impervious to both inflection and derivation. This specific class, known in traditional and ancient grammar as prepositions, falls within the broader category of relators or connectors. These elements serve to distinctly mark syntactic relationships in statements by delineating the nature of the relationship between a determiner and a determined. The study of prepositions, in general, has been the focus of several investigations resulting in typological models often excluding data from Creoles, with Casamance Creole being a notable example. Born from interactions between Portuguese and African languages during the 16th to 19th centuries, Casamance Creole forms a linguistic group with the Portuguese Creole of Guinea Bissau, sharing a significant portion of its history until 1886 when Casamance was ceded. Historically, Creole served as the primary lingua franca in the city of Ziguinchor and adjacent areas from at least the 17th century until the years following Senegal's independence. Subsequently, it has continued to thrive as a first language in specific districts of Ziguinchor (Santhiaba, Boudodi, etc.) and surrounding villages (Adéane, Sindone, etc.). Approximately 20,000 speakers, mainly from Christian communities such as Bainounk, Mandjak, and Mancagne, use Creole as their first or second language in Casamance. Additionally, the language is spoken in other regions of Senegal and among the Casamance diaspora abroad. From a typological perspective, Casamance Creole exhibits characteristics often cited to describe it as a language belonging neither to the Atlantic group nor to the Mandé family. This article not only presents a detailed description of prepositions in Casamance Creole from morphological, syntactic, and semantic viewpoints but also contributes valuable insights to the typology of isolating languages. Isolating languages, as opposed to inflectional languages (agglutinating, synthetic) and polysynthetic languages, open up particularly intriguing lines of thought.

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3

de Jong, Ferdinand, and Geneviève Gasser. "Contested Casamance: Introduction." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 39, no. 2 (2005): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2005.10751315.

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4

Foucher, Vincent. "Pas d'alternance en Casamance ?" Politique africaine 91, no. 3 (2003): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/polaf.091.0101.

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5

Marut, Jean-Claude. "Solution militaire en Casamance." Politique africaine 58, no. 1 (1995): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1995.5885.

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6

Loum, Soda, Mamadou Thior, Issa Sakho, and Michel Desse. "Marine and Coastal Resources Governance Issues in Casamance, Senegal: Example of MPAs." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 39 (2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n39p50.

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The maritime zone of Casamance (south of Senegal), like everywhere in the West African coast, has become a competitive area for development projects. This competition appears in different forms and affects several sectors (fishing, tourism, real property, mining, etc.). These different actors have developed forms of competition that are poorly circumscribed by public policies, thus leading the State of Senegal to resort to Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The governance of Marine Protected Areas has also become a trend due to its participatory approach which highlights the common desire to preserve marine and costal natural resources. The framework of the participatory governance has organisational and legal limitations that require corrections sometimes in order to become more effective and efficient. This paper focuses on the role of protected areas in the regulation of tensions around marine and coastal resources in Casamance. The approach is based on the review of documents (scientific and strategic policies, etc.) and field training on the protected areas of Casamance. The results indicate that the MPAs are an excellent governance strategy and have led to better conservation of marine and coastal resources in Casamance.

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7

Diadhiou, H. D., P. Diop, I. Diedhiou, and A. B. Badji. "Variations inter annuelles de la production de la crevette géante tigrée <i>Penaeus</i> Monodon fabricius, 1798 (<i>penaeidae</i>) pêchée dans l’estuaire de Casamance, au Sénégal." Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l’Université de Lomé 26, no. 1 (2024): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jrsul.v26i1.5.

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La crevette géante tigrée, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) est pêchée de façon régulière dans l’estuaire inversé de Casamance depuis 2012 par les pêcheurs migrants maliens. Sa présence dans cet estuaire est atypique, car ce n’est pas son habitat naturel. Les principales zones de pêche pour cette ressource sont les affluents et le cours principal de l'estuaire de Casamance, s'étendant de l'embouchure des cours d'eau à la ville de Ziguinchor. Dans cette zone, la crevette géante tigrée est capturée à l'aide d'un filet maillant dérivant de fond, qui est également utilisé pour la pêche du Drepane africana, Arius spp et Plectorhuncus spp. Les débarquements de la crevette géante tigrée dans l'estuaire de la Casamance sont analysés et discutés dans cet article scientifique. Les données sont collectées à Ziguinchor, le principal marché de commercialisation de l’espèce en Casamance. Cette étude a permis d'évaluer les quantités de crevettes tigrées débarquées sur la période allant de 2012 à 2018, se situant entre 3 et 9 tonnes par an, sur une période de pêche de trois à cinq mois. Une analyse de variance entre les tonnages débarqués et le nombre d'engins de pêche ciblant l'espèce indique une différence significative dans les résultats d'une année à l'autre. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de déterminer que la principale période d'abondance de la ressource dans la zone de pêche se situe pendant la saison chaude sèche, entre les mois d'avril et juin. The giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) has been regularly fished in the inverted Casamance estuary since 2012 by Malian migrant fishermen. This presence in the estuary is atypical because it is not its natural habitat. The tributaries and the main course of the Casamance estuary, stretching from the mouth of the river to the town of Ziguinchor, constitute the primary fishing zones for the fishing units targeting this resource. In this area, the giant tiger shrimp is exclusively captured using bottom drifting gillnets. The drift gillnet, which targets Drepane africana, Arius spp, and Plectorhuncus spp, is loaded onto the same canoe for fishing the fish. Landings of the giant tiger shrimp in the Casamance estuary are analyzed and discussed in this scientific article. The data is collected in Ziguinchor, the main marketing market for the species in Casamance. This study enabled the evaluation of the quantities of tiger shrimp landed from 2012 to 2018, ranging between 3 and 9 tons per year over a fishing period of three to five months. An analysis of variance between the landed tonnages and the number of fishing gears targeting the species indicates a significant difference in the results recorded from one year to the next. The obtained results pinpointed the main period of the abundance of the resource in the fishing zone during the hot dry season, between April and June.

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8

Lamine Sané, Mamadou, Claudette Soumbane Diatta, and Barnabé Ephrem A. Diémé. "Sites D’eau Sacrés Et Conservation De La Biodiversité : Cas Des Paysages D’eau De La Région De Ziguinchor (Sénégal)." European Scientific Journal ESJ 17, no. 43 (2021): 18–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n43p18.

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The region of Ziguinchor, located in the south of Senegal, is entirely within Lower Casamance. Populated mainly by Ajamaat, this region is characterized geographically by a predominance of water landscapes that give it the image of an "amphibious" territory. This aquatic environment dominated by the Casamance River from which many bolongs stand out is also made up of mangroves, shallows and multitudes of ponds associated with them. The ajamaat populations thus draw an essential part of their resources from this environment. However, beyond its nourishing aspect, the aquatic environment occupies an important place in the traditional ajamaat beliefs. Considered as sanctuaries for many beings who populate the religious universe ajamaat, the water landscapes of Lower Casamance are sacred spaces whose access is subject to prohibitions. This aspect reflects the contribution of beliefs in the preservation of biodiversity.

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9

AWENENGO DALBERTO, SÉVERINE. "HIDDEN DEBATES OVER THE STATUS OF THE CASAMANCE DURING THE DECOLONIZATION PROCESS IN SENEGAL: REGIONALISM, TERRITORIALISM, AND FEDERALISM AT A CROSSROADS, 1946–62." Journal of African History 61, no. 1 (2020): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853720000043.

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AbstractThe article studies the contexts in which the idea of a separation of the Casamance from the rest of Senegal arose during the process of decolonization. The idea was an outgrowth of colonial representations forged since the end of the nineteenth century. It was first formulated by the French authorities in secret discussions with the representatives of the Casamance in the context of the 1958 referendum. It was taken over by local political leaders who saw it as a possible answer to the debates over representation that arose in the post-war process of democratization, and later by proponents of political mobilization at the sub-regional level after independence. By examining this little-known moment of possibility, the article shows that the claims of the current armed independence movement are in fact part of a longer, more ambivalent history in which a separatist imaginary of the Casamance took shape.

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10

Channer, Colin. "Shunting from Dakar to Casamance." Prairie Schooner 94, no. 3 (2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2020.0081.

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11

Charry, Eric, Vincent Zanetti, and Laurent Aubert. "Senegal: The Saoruba from Casamance." Yearbook for Traditional Music 30 (1998): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/768585.

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12

Robin, Nelly. "Le déracinement des populations en Casamance." Revue européenne des migrations internationales 22, no. 1 (2006): 153–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/remi.2723.

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13

Baum, Robert M., Constant Vanden Verghen, and Adrien Manga. "Une introduction a un voyage en Casamance: Enampor, un village de riziculteurs en Casamance, au Senegal." International Journal of African Historical Studies 34, no. 1 (2001): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097359.

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14

Tomàs, Jordi. "Boscos entre els arrossars i boscos dins del bosc. Apunts sobre religió tradicional i memòria entre els joola huluf d’Oussouye." Quaderns de l'Institut Català d'Antropologia 37, no. 2 (2022): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56247/qua.365.

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L'article se centra en la memòria entre els joola huluf de religió tradicional, a la Baixa-Casamance (Senegal). Més enllà del debat entre la memòria oficial transmesa a través de l'Administració senegalesa i la memòria reivindicada per alguns dels líders del MFDC (Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance), aquest article ens permet entendre com la societat joola huluf -del regne d'Oussouye- gestiona la memòria a nivell local de forma descentralitzada a través de diferents rituals -especialment aquells lligats a la mort-, iniciacions, cançons..., fixant-se especialment en les dinàmiques que tenen lloc en un regne on el secretisme -i les seves implicacions en termes de gènere, parentiu, edat...- marca sovint la vida de la societat.

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15

Faye, Aliou, Ablaye Faye, Toffene Diome, and Mbacke Sembene. "Genetic diversity and structure of Callosobruchus maculatus populations in the different agro-ecological zones of Senegal." Journal of Asian Scientific Research 13, no. 1 (2023): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5003.v13i1.4720.

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The objective of this study is to determine the diversity and genetic structure of cowpea weevil populations in the different agro-ecological zones of Senegal. Thus, to achieve this objective, individuals of Callosobruchus maculatus from localities in each zone were used, after sampling and massive breeding. The sequenced gene is Cyt-B. The results showed high haplotypic diversity (0.901 ±0.00033) and low nucleotide diversity (0.010 ±0.0000003). These diversities studied by agro-ecological zone show that the Casamance zone has the greatest haplotypic diversity (0.901; P>0.05) while the eastern Senegal zone has the lowest value (0.439; P>0.05). The nucleotide diversity is lower in the Sylvo-pastoral zone (0.00112; P<0.05) and higher in the Casamance zone (0.01052; P<0.05). The genetic structuring shows that the Senegal River Valley-eastern Senegal zone couple is more differentiated [FST(Fixation index)]=0.70687; P<0.05) and the Casamance-Groundnut Basin zone couple is less differentiated (FST=0.21248; P<0.05). The greatest genetic distance was found between the Sylvo-pastoral zone and the River Valley and the smallest between the eastern Senegal zone and the River Valley. However, a significant genetic variation within the populations was noted (64.93%). Overall we have a low level of diversity and weakly structured populations except those of Tamba and Fouta. A slight influence of the zones was also noted.

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16

BIAGUI, Noël Bernard. "La numération cardinale en créole casamançais : Emplois morphosyntaxiques et système de comptage de l’argent." ALTRALANG Journal 5, no. 01 (2023): 128–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/altralang.v5i01.266.

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The Cardinal Numeration in Casamance Creole: Morphosyntactic Uses and Money Counting System  ABSTRACT: Even if more than 50% of its lexicon comes from Portuguese, the Casamance Creole is now an autonomous linguistic system. This autonomy is also manifested in the field of numeration. Like many African languages, the numeration of Casamance Creole is based on an oral basis due to the absence of writing. The presentation of the numeral system, of which we will make case, will be limited only to the presentation of the cardinal numbers and counting numeration. This study is part of the problem of numeration and languages with an oral tradition and is concerned with its importance in the achievements of the numeration of languages in contact. RÉSUMÉ : Même si plus de 50% de son lexique proviendrait du portugais, le créole casamançais à aujourd’hui un système linguistique autonome. Cette autonomie se manifeste aussi dans le domaine de la numération. A l’image de bon nombre de langues africaines, la numération du créole casamançais repose sur une base orale due à l’absence de l’écriture. La présentation du système numéral, dont nous ferons cas, se limitera uniquement à la présentation des nombres cardinaux et à la numération comptable. La présente étude s’inscrit dans la problématique de la numération et langues à tradition orale et se préoccupe de son importance dans les acquis de la numération des langues en contact. 

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17

Diedhiou, Sire, Yaya Diatta, Arfang O. K. Goudiaby, et al. "An Investigation into the Effects of Organic Amendments in a Saline Environment on Soil Chemical Characteristics, Growth, and Yield of Rice in the South of Senegal." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 22 (2023): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i224127.

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Context of the Study: The use of organic amendments could help increase the resilience of lowland rice in Lower Casamance to salinity. The aim of this study was to test the effect of different organic amendments (biochar and compost) on the salinity tolerance of lowland rice in Basse Casamance. Objective: The aim was to test the effect of different organic amendments on the salinity tolerance of rice in the lowlands of the villages of Selecky and Essyl in Lower Casamance. Methodology: A split-plot design was adopted with two factors: the type of organic amendment with 4 treatments (biochar, compost, compost + biochar and the control) and salinity with two treatments (salted and unsalted zones). These treatments were repeated 3 times in two consecutive years, 2020 and 2021, at the Selecky and Essyl sites. Physico-chemical characteristics as well as rice growth and production parameters were studied. Results: In the saline zone, soil amendments significantly increased the number of tillers and the height of rice plants compared with controls (p<0.05). Average rice yield and plant biomass were significantly higher in the amended plots at Selecky in both experimental years (p<0.05). At Essyl, on the other hand, height, number of tillers, rice yield and plant biomass were lower in the 2nd year of experimentation. Organic amendments had a significant effect (p<0.05) on rice production and yield parameters in the salt zone.

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18

Mark, Peter, and Robert M. Baum. "Religion, Identity, and Slavery in the Casamance." African Studies Review 42, no. 3 (1999): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525209.

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19

Donnay, Sirio Canós. "Shifting sedentism in the Upper Casamance (Senegal)." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 51, no. 4 (2016): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2016.1249588.

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20

Evans, Martin. "BRIEFING: SENEGAL: WADE AND THE CASAMANCE DOSSIER." African Affairs 99, no. 397 (2000): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/99.397.649.

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21

Dramé, Hassane. "Les défis de l’élection présidentielle en Casamance." Politique africaine 51, no. 1 (1993): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1993.5697.

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22

Tendeng, Etienne, Babacar Labou, El Hadji Serigne Sylla, et al. "Diversité et Occurrence des Ravageurs dans les Agroécosystèmes Maraîchers en Basse Casamance, Sénégal." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 27 (2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n27p104.

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Les arthropodes ravageurs des cultures constituent une menace permanente pour la production horticole. La plupart des familles d’arthropode sont très mal connues dans la zone agroécologique de la Casamance car peu de travaux de recherches ont été effectués. Une meilleure connaissance des ravageurs facilite le choix des stratégies de lutte. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer l’occurrence et la diversité spécifique des ravageurs associés aux cultures maraîchères. Une étude a été menée sur 144 parcelles situées dans trois localités de la zone agroécologique de la Casamance. L’inventaire des arthropodes ravageurs des cultures a été effectué dans les périmètres maraîchers. Des indices écologiques sont calculés pour évaluer diversité des ravageurs. Un nombre de 4882 spécimens de ravageurs dont 65 espèces réparties dans sept ordres et 28 familles sont collectés sur 17 plantes hôtes. Quatre ordres de ravageurs attaquent la moitié des plantes hôtes échantillonnées. Un total de 51 espèces a une présence de 100%. La diversité des ravageurs est plus élevée à Oussouye alors que l’abondance est plus élevée à Ziguinchor. La connaissance de la diversité et de la distribution des ravageurs facilitent la mise en place de stratégies alternatives de lutte en vue de préserver la filière maraîchère. Arthropod pests of crops are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Most arthropod families are poorly known in the Casamance agroecological zone because little research has been done. A better knowledge of the pests facilitates the choice of control strategies. The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence and specific diversity of pests associated with crops. A study was conducted on 144 plots located in three localities of the Casamance agroecological zone. The inventory of crop pests were carried out in the market gardens. Ecological indices were calculated to assess pest diversity. A total of 4882 pest specimens including 65 species in seven orders and 28 families were collected from 17 host plants. Four orders of pests attacked half of the sampled host plants. A total of 51 species have a 100% occurrence. Pest diversity is higher in Oussouye, while abundance is higher in Ziguinchor. Knowledge of the diversity and distribution of pests facilitates the development of alternative control strategies to preserve the market gardening sector.

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23

Joseph, Achille Bernard BIWOLÉ, Evariste FEDOUNG FONGZOSSIE, et al. "Carbonization techniques and wood species influence quality attributes of charcoals produced from industrial sawmill residues in Eastern Cameroon." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 345 (October 27, 2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.345.a31831.

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Cameroon harvests a considerable volume of round wood each year, only a small part of which is used for manufactured products. In recent decades, various charcoal-making initiatives have emerged around industrial timber-processing units, particularly in the eastern region, in order to develop a market for residual biomass. However, the undifferentiated use of these residues obtained from different species often results in products with varying energy potential that are not always appreciated by consumers. Moreover, the physical and chemical characteristics of the charcoal produced are unknown, as are the factors that influence its quality. The aim of this study was to assess the variability of the physical and chemical properties of charcoal produced from industrial sawmill residues in the eastern region of Cameroon using different carbonisation techniques. Three wood species, Ayous, Frake and Movingui, and three types of kilns (traditional, improved traditional and Casamance system) were used. For each species, three bundles of five pieces of wood each were prepared, with an initial moisture content ranging from 28% to 36%. The physical and chemical properties determined were moisture content, apparent density, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, ash content and Higher Heating Value (HHV). Our results showed that the charcoal properties varied depending on the wood species and types of kilns used. Movingui, with the highest density (0.73 g/cm3), produced charcoal with the lowest moisture content (4.03%) and the highest apparent density (0.42 g/cm3). The lowest volatile matter content (20.32%), the lowest ash content (1.27%) and the highest fixed carbon content (74.95%) were also obtained with this species. All these values were obtained with Movingui charcoal produced with the Casamance system. However, the highest HHV (32.51 MJ/kg) was obtained with charcoal from Ayous, also produced with the Casamance system. On comparing the three charcoaling systems used, the Casamance model yielded the best physical and chemical charcoal properties. All the charcoals studied complied with FAO standards for cooking fuel. The highest HHV obtained with charcoal from Ayous hardwood shows its ability to release large amounts of thermal energy during combustion.  Keywords: Charcoal, carbonization technologies, eastern Cameroon, physicochemical properties, industrial sawmills wastes.

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24

Bodian, Ansoumana, Papa Malick Ndiaye, Serigne Bassirou Diop, et al. "Evaluation and calibration of alternative methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration in the main hydrosystems of Senegal: Senegal, Gambia and Casamance River Basins." Proceedings of IAHS 385 (April 19, 2024): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-415-2024.

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Abstract. Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an essential parameter for hydrological modeling, irrigation planning and for studying the impacts of climate change on water resources. The Penman–Monteith method is recommended for estimating ET0 under all climatic conditions, but its application is limited in regions where data is difficult to access. The alternative is to use methods that incorporate fewer climatic parameters. The objective of this work is to evaluate twenty alternative methods using few climate parameters of estimating ET0 and to calibrate/validate the best ones in order to adapt them to the climatic context of the main hydrosystems of Senegal: Senegal, Gambia and Casamance river basins. The KGE and the PBIAS were used to evaluate the performance of the methods. The results show that after calibration/validation the methods of Trabert, Hargreaves, Hargreaves &amp; Samani, Trajkovic and Oudin are the best on for the estimation of the reference evapotranspiration in the Senegal, Gambia and Casamance River Basins.

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25

Ndoye, Mamadou, Moustapha Gueye, Issa Faye, et al. "Cartographie des déterminants de la qualité des semences d’arachide (<i>Arachis hypogeae </i>L.) produites dans les principales zones agricoles au Sénégal." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 18, no. 1 (2024): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v18i1.6.

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Le capital semencier de l’arachide est affecté par la faible disponibilité en semences certifiées et le recours récurrent aux semences écrémées. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la qualité des semences d’arachide produites dans les principales zones. Quatre- vingt-huit (88) échantillons de semences d’arachide ont été analysés selon les règles de l’Association Internationale d’Essais de Semences et la méthode de Picasso, au laboratoire national de la Division des Semences au Sénégal. Les résultats ont montré que la pureté spécifique (95,6 ± 0,3%) et leur taux de matières inertes (4,4 ± 0,3%) n’étaient pas conformes aux normes de certification en 2020 au Sénégal oriental. De plus, leur pureté variétale (95,0 ± 7,4% en 2019 et 97,2 ± 6,3% en 2020) était inférieure à la norme dans toutes les zones. Par contre, la meilleure maturité des gousses était obtenue en Casamance (76,1 ± 2,1%). Les semences attaquées par les bruches étaient supérieures à la norme (2,0%) dans toutes zones en 2020. Globalement, cette étude a permis de noter que la Casamance et le Sénégal oriental offraient les meilleures qualités de semences d’arachide. Leur choix comme sites de référence est fortement recommandé dans la stratégie de reconstitution du capital semencier de l’arachide. English title: Mapping of quality determinants of groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.) seeds produced in the main zones in Senegal Groundnut seed capital is affected by the low availability of certified seed and the recurrent use of skimmed seed. The aim was to determine the quality of groundnut seed produced in the main zones. Eighty-eight (88) seed samples were analysed according to the rules of the International Seed Testing Association and the Picasso method, at the Seed Division's national seed testing laboratory in Senegal. The results showed that the purity (95.6 ± 0.3%) and inert matter (4.4 ± 0.3%) do not comply with the 2020 certification standards in eastern Senegal. In addition, varietal purity (95.0 ± 7.4% in 2019 and 97.2 ± 6.3% in 2020) was below to standard value in all zones. On the other hand, pod maturity was best in Casamance (76.1 ± 2.1%). Seeds attacked by bruchids were higher than the norm (2.0%) in all zones in 2020. Overall, this study showed that Casamance and eastern Senegal offered the best quality groundnut seed. Their choice as reference sites is strongly recommended as part of the strategy to reconstitute groundnut seed capital.

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Marie, Camille, and Prosper Champion. "Casamance : résister au sel et attendre la pluie." Ballast N° 10, no. 2 (2020): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ball.010.0116.

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Ly, Ababacar, and Gilles Carbonnel. "Stratigraphie de la série tertiaire de Casamance (Sénégal)." Geobios 20, no. 6 (1987): 789–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(87)80005-0.

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Watson, Rachel. "Patterns of lexical correlation and divergence in Casamance." Language & Communication 62 (September 2018): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2018.04.014.

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Agnamey, P., P. Brasseur, P. Eldin de Pecoulas, Michel Vaillant, and P. Olliaro. "Plasmodium falciparum In Vitro Susceptibility to Antimalarial Drugs in Casamance (Southwestern Senegal) during the First 5 Years of Routine Use of Artesunate-Amodiaquine." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 4 (2006): 1531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.50.4.1531-1534.2006.

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ABSTRACT We have monitored the in vitro sensitivities of Plasmodium falciparum isolates predeployment and during the deployment of artesunate plus amodiaquine treatment in Mlomp, Casamance (southwestern Senegal) during 2000 to 2004. Parasites remained susceptible to both drugs. Chloroquine resistance levels were high but stable. Quinine continues to be effective.

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Ndiaye, Seydou. "Etat des espèces forestières dans l’arrondissement de Cabrousse, Casamance/Sénégal." Revue Ecosystèmes et Paysages 3, no. 2 (2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.59384/recopays.tg3210.

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En Casamance, les forêts jouent un rôle important en fournissant beaucoup de services écosystémiques aux populations. Cette étude est une analyse du potentiel actuel des espèces ligneuses de ce site. Elle combine l’analyse des images satellitaires (Landsat et Sentinel-2A) et les données d’inventaire. L’inventaire de la flore ligneuse a été réalisé sur 150 placettes carrées de 20 m x 20 m établies sur 6 layons équidistants de 100 m. Entre 2000 et 2010, la végétation a connu une dynamique positive avec une augmentation de la couverture végétale de +5,1 %. Entre 2010 et 2020, le couvert végétal a perdu 36,2 % de son potentiel. Ce qui justifie l’augmentation de +67,4 % des superficies des sols nus sur l’ensemble du périmètre de l’arrondissement par rapport à l’année 2010. La flore ligneuse est riche de 45 espèces réparties en 41 genres et 20 familles. Les espèces les plus importantes et représentatives sont Eleais guineensis Jacq. (50,1 %), Terminalia macroptera Guill. &Perr. (41,7%), Dialium guineesis Willd. (37,9%) Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. (35,2%) et Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. (30 %). En conclusion cette étude a permis de montrer une surexploitation continue de la forêt sous l’effet de la pression démographique et les activités qui en découlent no-tamment l’agriculture expansive, la coupe abusive du bois, le surpâturage et les aménagements touristiques. Au regard de l’état de dégradation des ressources forestières, il devient urgent de redéfinir des stratégies de restauration écologique de cet écosystème en étroite collaboration avec les populations riveraines.

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Sagna, Serge, and Abbie Hantgan. "African multilingualism viewed from another angle: Challenging the Casamance exception." International Journal of Bilingualism 25, no. 4 (2021): 939–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13670069211023146.

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Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: The former region of southern Senegal, the Casamance, has been portrayed throughout the literature on African multilingualism in a singular light, for example, as an area where monolingualism does not exist. The purpose of this article is to stress the previously unacknowledged importance of monolingual settings and practices by discussing data that have yet to be presented in the literature. Design/Methodology/Approach: We investigate rural multilingualism and monolingualism across the Casamance by carrying out the following four studies: (a) we conduct a survey of 62 villages with a questionnaire and our newly created ‘blindfold test’, classifying them into two main types; (b) with 34 women we study the role of exogamy in multilingual language acquisition in one of the villages; (c) we analyse child language production data and child directed speech to examine the existence of monolingual language acquisition; (d) we examine the sociolinguistic profiles of 101 speakers of one language community to investigate intergenerational multilingualism. Data and Analysis: Data were analysed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency counts. Additionally, we couch our results on multilingualism in the theory of canonical typology. Findings/Conclusions: We propose a distinction between multilingual settings, e.g. communities where speakers are most likely to accommodate, and who live among villages largely located on national roads and around cities, and monolingual settings, which constitute most of the villages of the Casamance and where language acquisition is monolingual and where migration, rather than exogamy, accounts for the development of individual multilingualism. Originality: This article contributes unprecedented research methodology for the study of complex multilingual situations such as those found in African multilingual contexts. Significance/Implications: Our study adds to the growing understanding of small-scale multilingualism and the emergence of multilingualism in monolingual contexts.

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Lombard, Florent, and Julien Andrieu. "Mapping Mangrove Zonation Changes in Senegal with Landsat Imagery Using an OBIA Approach Combined with Linear Spectral Unmixing." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10 (2021): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101961.

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The mangrove areas in Senegal have fluctuated considerably over the last few decades, and it is therefore important to monitor the evolution of forest cover in order to orient and optimise forestry policies. This study presents a method for mapping plant formations to monitor and study changes in zonation within the mangroves of Senegal. Using Landsat ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI images merged to a 15-m resolution with a pansharpening method, a processing chain that combines an OBIA approach and linear spectral unmixing was developed to detect changes in mangrove zonation through a diachronic analysis. The accuracy of the discriminations was evaluated with kappa indices, which were 0.8 for the Saloum delta and 0.83 for the Casamance estuary. Over the last 20 years, the mangroves of Senegal have increased in surface area. However, the dynamics of zonation differ between the two main mangrove hydrosystems of Senegal. In Casamance, a colonisation process is underway. In the Saloum, Rhizophora mangle is undergoing a process of densification in mangroves and appears to reproduce well in both regions. Furthermore, this study confirms, on a regional scale, observations in the literature noting the lack of Avicennia germinans reproduction on a local scale. In the long term, these regeneration gaps may prevent the mangrove from colonising the upper tidal zones in the Saloum. Therefore, it would be appropriate to redirect conservation policies towards reforestation efforts in the Saloum rather than in Casamance and to focus these actions on the perpetuation of Avicennia germinans rather than Rhizophora mangle, which has no difficulty in reproducing. From this perspective, it is necessary to gain a more in-depth understanding of the specific factors that promote the success of Avicennia germinans seeding.

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Le Her, Cyrielle. "La perception des enseignants de l’intérêt de l’utilisation des technologies informatisées dans les communautés d’apprentissage professionnelles (CAP) en Afrique francophone : Le cas des Cellules d’animation pédagogiques et culturelles (CAPC) au Sénégal." Médiations et médiatisations, no. 14 (March 25, 2023): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52358/mm.vi14.309.

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Depuis les Indépendances, il existe ce qu’on appelle les Cellules d’animation pédagogiques et culturelles (CAPC) au Sénégal. Pouvant être assimilés à des communautés d’apprentissage professionnelles (CAP) ou plus généralement des communautés de pratiques (CoP), ces groupes d’enseignants titulaires ou contractuels d’une ou plusieurs écoles élémentaires de proximité se rejoignent en dehors des temps de classe pour échanger sur leurs pratiques d’enseignement-apprentissages, leurs difficultés et leurs réussites. Depuis 2017, le ministère de l’Éducation nationale du Sénégal et ses partenaires internationaux ont souhaité redynamiser les CAPC de la région de Casamance avec notamment l’intégration des technologies informatisées (TI) appelées communément le numérique. Le Projet d'amélioration de l'éducation de base en Casamance (PAEBCA) a permis de doter les CAPC de tablettes numériques et de vidéoprojecteurs pour filmer l’enseignant en situation de classe (Diop et Wallet, 2017). À partir d’une grille d’observation, ils analysent ensuite le film projeté pour tenter d’améliorer la démarche pédagogique et les pratiques de classe. Dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale en cours, nous tenterons d’apporter des éléments de réponse à la question : comment l'utilisation des technologies informatisées est-elle perçue par les enseignants au sein des CAPC au Sénégal? Les premiers résultats des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de 21 enseignants en Casamance montrent une pratique variée d’outils et une volonté institutionnelle d’intégrer les technologies dans la formation continue des enseignants. Les discours montrent également une volonté des enseignants de remédier aux difficultés d’utilisation, notamment à travers les échanges virtuels à distance synchrones et asynchrones qu’on appelle ici application mobile multiplateforme (AMM). Néanmoins, nous avons observé un manque de réflexivité autour des questions d’instrumentation des pratiques pour une véritable intégration des technologies dans les communautés. Cet article a pour but de donner un éclairage sur les enjeux sous-jacents des technologies informatisées dans les communautés d’apprentissage professionnelles (CAP) en contexte africain francophone.

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Marzouk-Schmitz, Yasmine. "Du côté de la Casamance : pouvoirs, espaces et religions." Cahiers d’études africaines 33, no. 131 (1993): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cea.1993.1513.

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35

Baum, Robert M., Olga F. Linares, and Peter Mark. "Power, Prayer and Production: The Jola of Casamance, Senegal." Journal of Religion in Africa 25, no. 1 (1995): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1581141.

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36

Dilley, Roy, Olga F. Linares, and Joshua B. Forrest. "Power, Prayer and Production: The Jola of Casamance, Senegal." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 28, no. 2 (1994): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485743.

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Pizzolato, Giulia. "From Casamance to Turin. Lao Kouyate’s Modern Travelling Griot." Cahiers d'études africaines, no. 213-214 (June 30, 2014): 475–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.17732.

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Babou, Cheikh Anta. ":Masquerades of Modernity: Power and Secrecy in Casamance, Senegal." American Historical Review 113, no. 5 (2008): 1633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.113.5.1633.

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39

Gomez, Michael A., and Olga F. Linares. "Power, Prayer, and Production: The Jola of Casamance, Senegal." International Journal of African Historical Studies 27, no. 1 (1994): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220977.

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40

Gassama, Ibrahima. "Les Obstacles au Processus de la Paix en Casamance." Proceedings of the African Futures Conference 1, no. 1 (2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2573-508x.2016.tb00023.x.

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Koundoul, Adama, Ibra Diagne, Bernadette F. Sambou, et al. "Perpetrators of Sexual Violence against Minors in Casamance (Senegal)." Open Journal of Psychiatry 13, no. 01 (2023): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpsych.2023.131005.

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42

Fent, Ashley. "“This Mine is for the Entire Casamance Coastline”: The Politics of Scale and the Future of the Extractive Frontier in Casamance, Senegal." African Studies Review 64, no. 3 (2021): 628–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2021.54.

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AbstractAs evidenced by the widespread controversy surrounding an otherwise small-scale mining investment pending in Casamance, Senegal, uncertainty shapes the extension of the extractive frontier. Fent argues that amid this uncertainty, different actors are able to politicize or depoliticize extractive investments through the work of scaling. Opponents cast the project as part of larger-scale, longer-term extraction, linking it with regional narratives. By contrast, state and corporate actors depoliticized the mine by emphasizing its limited extent and downscaling conflict to the local level. This demonstrates the conflictual processes through which extractive frontiers are realized—and resisted—through both space and time.

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Descroix, Luc, Yancouba Sané, Mamadou Thior, et al. "Inverse Estuaries in West Africa: Evidence of the Rainfall Recovery?" Water 12, no. 3 (2020): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030647.

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In West Africa, as in many other estuaries, enormous volumes of marine water are entering the continent. Fresh water discharge is very low, and it is commonly strongly linked to rainfall level. Some of these estuaries are inverse estuaries. During the Great Sahelian Drought (1968–1993), their hyperhaline feature was exacerbated. This paper aims to describe the evolution of the two main West African inverse estuaries, those of the Saloum River and the Casamance River, since the end of the drought. Water salinity measurements were carried out over three to five years according to the sites in order to document this evolution and to compare data with the historical ones collected during the long dry period at the end of 20th century. The results show that in both estuaries, the mean water salinity values have markedly decreased since the end of the drought. However, the Saloum estuary remains a totally inverse estuary, while for the Casamance River, the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) is the location of the salinity maximum, and it moves according to the seasons from a location 1–10 km downwards from the upstream estuary entry, during the dry season, to a location 40–70 km downwards from this point, during the rainy season. These observations fit with the functioning of the mangrove, the West African mangrove being among the few in the world that are markedly increasing since the beginning of the 1990s and the end of the dry period, as mangrove growth is favored by the relative salinity reduction. Finally, one of the inverse estuary behavior factors is the low fresh water incoming from the continent. The small area of the Casamance and Saloum basins (20,150 and 26,500 km² respectively) is to be compared with the basins of their two main neighbor basins, the Gambia River and the Senegal River, which provide significant fresh water discharge to their estuary.

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Demba, Sarr Ngagne, ToffÃ¨ne Diome, and Mbacke Sembene. "Variability and genetic structuring of Sitophilus zeamais according to agroecological zones in Senegal (West of Africa)." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 9, no. 2 (2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.9(2).p56-63.

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Maize plays a socio-economic role in Senegal. However, it is considerably damaged by Sitophilus Zeamais, a beetle of the Curculionidae. Areas likely to favor the survival or extinction of Sitophilus zeamais can be identified because genetic diversity influences the adaptability of the individual. Our study aims to highlight a possible variation and structuring of Sitophilus zeamais according to five agroecological zones (AEZ) in Senegal, namely Nord Bassin Arachidier (NBA), Sud Bassin Arachidier (SBA), Sénégal Oriental Haute Casamance (SOHC), Basse Moyenne Casamance (BMC) and Zone Sylvo-Pastorale (ZSP). The purpose of this study is to reduce crop losses by recommending to farmers peas where the insect is reluctant to survive. So far, genetic studies on this insect have traced its phylogeny and its geographical distribution in Africa in general. Senegal has never been specifically studied. To achieve this goal, 89 individuals were captured in the 5 zones. The exploitation of the cytochrome B gene corresponding to these individuals revealed a high genetic diversity in the NBA, SBA, and SOHC and low in BMC and ZSP, but also a genetic structuring of the insect according to agroecological zones. Thus, the agroecological zones of the NBA, the SBA and the SOHC are favorable to its survival, while those of the BMC and the ZSP limit its expansion.

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NUGENT, PAUL. "CYCLICAL HISTORY IN THE GAMBIA/CASAMANCE BORDERLANDS: REFUGE, SETTLEMENT AND ISLAM FROM c. 1880 TO THE PRESENT." Journal of African History 48, no. 2 (2007): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853707002769.

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ABSTRACTThis article begins with a quotation from a local informant highlighting a perception in the Gambia/Casamance borderlands that there is a pattern linking the violence of the later nineteenth century with more recent troubles. It argues that there is some merit in this thesis, which is encapsulated in a concatenation of events: systematic raiding by Fodé Sylla led to the creation of a relatively depopulated colonial border zone which was later filled by Jola immigrants from Buluf to the southeast. In the perception of some, it is these immigrants who attracted the MFDC rebels. Mandinkas and Jolas of Fogny Jabankunda and Narang, and Karoninkas from the islands of Karone have therefore been largely unreceptive to appeals to Casamance nationalism. The article also argues that there are more twisted historical connections. Whereas in the later nineteenth century, the Jolas associated Islam with violent enslavement, they later converted en masse. Their attitude towards Fodé Sylla remained negative, whilst the Mauritanian marabout, Cheikh Mahfoudz, was credited with the introduction of a pacific form of Islam that valorized hard work and legitimated physical migration. This legacy has posed a further barrier to militant nationalism. Islam and violence remain linked, but the signs have been reversed.

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Ndiaye, Papa Malick, Ansoumana Bodian, Serigne Bassirou Diop, et al. "Trend analysis of reference evapotranspiration and climate variables in the main hydrosystems of Senegal: Senegal, Gambia and Casamance River Basins." Proceedings of IAHS 385 (April 18, 2024): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-305-2024.

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Abstract. Analysis of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) trends is essential for understanding the impacts of climate change on water resources. Thus, despite the continuous rise in temperatures, a decrease in evapotranspiration is noted in some parts of the world. This contrast is called the “evaporation paradox” and is thought to be related to the variation in wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation. The objective of this work is to analyze the annual and seasonal trends of ET0 and climate variables at the scale of the Senegal, Gambia and Casamance river basins. The reanalyze data of NASA/POWER are used over the period 1984–2019. Mann Kendall's test and Sen slope were used to analyze trends in ET0 and climate variables. Results show that on annual scale, ET0 increases significantly in 32 % of the Senegal basin and decreases in less than 1 % of it. In contrast, in the Casamance and Gambia basins, the annual ET0 drops by 65 % and 18 %, respectively. On an annual scale, temperature and relative humidity show an increasing trend over all basins while wind speed and radiation decrease significantly. This confirms the existence of the “evaporation paradox” in the three basins. This phenomenon is explained by the increase in relative humidity and the decrease in wind speed and solar radiation.

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DIEDHIOU, r. Sergino Paolo César. "Royauté et/ou prêtrise : étude parallèle entre le « rex » dans la Rome antique et le « roi » et la « reine » en Basse-Casamance." Afrosciences Antiquity Sunu-Xalaat 1, no. 3 (2021): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.61585/pud-asasx-v1n36.

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"The king of Oussouye is actually a priest" is a phrase we are used to hearing when we talk about the issue of royalty in Basse-Casamance. This question prompted us to conduct a parallel study with the aim of showing a congruity between priesthood and royalty. The myth of Nemi, the works of Romulus and Numa, the anthropological studies on the Diolas were the elements through which the royal priesthood was analyzed.

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Faye, Omar Kata, Philippe Bernard Himbane, and Lat Grand Ndiaye. "Optimization of the Co-Production between the Rice Husk and the Pulp of the Cashew Apple Produced in the Natural Region of Casamance." Materials Science Forum 1122 (May 21, 2024): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-k8uyif.

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Anaerobic digestion or anaerobic digestion is a biological process of degradation of organic matter in an anaerobic environment. It involves the degradation and stabilization of complex organic matter by a consortium of micro-organisms leading to methane-rich biogas that can be used as an alternative energy to fossil fuels. In addition, the use of biogas allows for the preservation of the environment and the sustainable development of rural areas and landlocked regions, as well as the diversification of energy resources, but also contributes to the development of agriculture through the production of organic fertilizer. In 2018, Senegal was ranked as the 15th world exporter of cashew nuts with a production of around 18,000 tons per year according to a study by PADEC (Support Program for the Development of Casamance). Four regions mainly invest in it: Kolda, Ziguinchor, Sédhiou, and Fatick. However, in the natural region of Casamance ( Kolda, Ziguinchor, and Sédhiou), each year, after the cashew nut campaign, more than 342,000 tons of cashew apples, pressed or not, are rejected without any recovery, thus degrading in the environment. In addition, rice is traditionally grown in Casamance and in some Diola circles, it had become one of the criteria of wealth, which explains why it occupied most of the cultivated areas and each year thousands of tons of rice husk are burned for elimination/reduction without any recovery. These immense annual productions of waste, without any recovery, in a context dominated by a deficit in cooking and lighting energy constitutes a form of energy resilience and motivates us to study the co-digestion of the rice husk (with a report of C/N equal to 101.317) on cashew apple pulp (having a C/N ratio of 23.201 ). The study of the co-digestion of rice husk and apple pulp at the laboratory scale with the inoculum reveals, that the co-digestion with pH correction contains 39.40% methane and 51.50% carbon dioxide after 49 days of production and 64.04% methane (CH4) and 25.86% carbon dioxide (CO2) on the 96th day. For co-digestion without adjustment, production stopped on the 49th day with a production of 23.68% methane and 45.65% carbon dioxide.

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Frérot, Anne‑Marie. "Riz, symboles et développement chez les Diolas de Basse Casamance." Géographie et cultures, no. 58 (October 1, 2006): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.8076.

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50

Tendeng, Etienne, Babacar Labou, Saliou Djiba, and Karamoko Diarra. "Actualisation de l'entomofaune des cultures maraîchères en Basse Casamance (Sénégal)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2017): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v11i3.7.

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