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Journal articles on the topic 'Cascade reaction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Lee, Yoo Seok, Koun Lim, and Shelley D. Minteer. "Cascaded Biocatalysis and Bioelectrocatalysis: Overview and Recent Advances." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 72, no. 1 (2021): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-050109.

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Enzyme cascades are plentiful in nature, but they also have potential in artificial applications due to the possibility of using the target substrate in biofuel cells, electrosynthesis, and biosensors. Cascade reactions from enzymes or hybrid bioorganic catalyst systems exhibit extended substrate range, reaction depth, and increased overall performance. This review addresses the strategies of cascade biocatalysis and bioelectrocatalysis for ( a) CO2 fixation, ( b) high value-added product formation, ( c) sustainable energy sources via deep oxidation, and ( d) cascaded electrochemical enzymatic

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2

Lee, Chi-Sing, Guangyan Du, Gaopeng Wang, et al. "Syntheses of Diverse Natural Products via Dual-Mode Lewis Acid Induced Cascade Cyclization Reactions." Synlett 28, no. 12 (2017): 1394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588777.

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The σ/π-binding properties of a series of Lewis acids was studied using DFT calculations. The results led to the identification of Zn(II)/In(III) as a suitable dual-mode Lewis acid for use in promoting cascade cyclization reactions. Based on this finding, we developed three new types of dual-mode Lewis acid induced cascade cyclization reactions and have demonstrated the utilities of each process in natural product synthesis.1 Introduction2 Dual-Mode Lewis Acids3 Prins/Conia-Ene Cascade Reaction and its Applications4 Diels–Alder/Carbocyclization Cascade Reaction and Applications4.1 First Genera

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3

Becker, Martin, Patrick Nikel, Jennifer N. Andexer, Stephan Lütz, and Katrin Rosenthal. "A Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reaction for the Production of 2′3′-cGAMP." Biomolecules 11, no. 4 (2021): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040590.

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Multi-enzyme cascade reactions for the synthesis of complex products have gained importance in recent decades. Their advantages compared to single biotransformations include the possibility to synthesize complex molecules without purification of reaction intermediates, easier handling of unstable intermediates, and dealing with unfavorable thermodynamics by coupled equilibria. In this study, a four-enzyme cascade consisting of ScADK, AjPPK2, and SmPPK2 for ATP synthesis from adenosine coupled to the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) catalyzing cyclic GMP-AMP (2′3′-cGAMP) formation was successfull

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4

Fateev, Ilja V., Maria A. Kostromina, Yuliya A. Abramchik, et al. "Multi-Enzymatic Cascades in the Synthesis of Modified Nucleosides: Comparison of the Thermophilic and Mesophilic Pathways." Biomolecules 11, no. 4 (2021): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040586.

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A comparative study of the possibilities of using ribokinase → phosphopentomutase → nucleoside phosphorylase cascades in the synthesis of modified nucleosides was carried out. Recombinant phosphopentomutase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 was obtained for the first time: a strain producing a soluble form of the enzyme was created, and a method for its isolation and chromatographic purification was developed. It was shown that cascade syntheses of modified nucleosides can be carried out both by the mesophilic and thermophilic routes from D-pentoses: ribose, 2-deoxyribose, arabinose, xylose, and

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5

Brusa, Alessandro, Debora Iapadre, Maria Edith Casacchia, et al. "Acetaldehyde in the Enders triple cascade reaction via acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 19 (August 24, 2023): 1243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.19.92.

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Asymmetric organocatalyzed multicomponent reactions represent an important toolbox in the field of organic synthesis to build complex scaffolds starting from simple starting materials. The Enders three-component cascade reaction was a cornerstone in the field and a plethora of organocatalyzed cascade reactions followed. However, acetaldehyde was not shown as a successful reaction partner, probably because of its high reactivity. Herein, we report the Enders-type cascade reaction using acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, as a masked form of acetaldehyde. This strategy directly converts acetaldehyde,

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6

Calderini, Elia, Philipp Süss, Frank Hollmann, Rainer Wardenga, and Anett Schallmey. "Two (Chemo)-Enzymatic Cascades for the Production of Opposite Enantiomers of Chiral Azidoalcohols." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (2021): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080982.

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Multi-step cascade reactions have gained increasing attention in the biocatalysis field in recent years. In particular, multi-enzymatic cascades can achieve high molecular complexity without workup of reaction intermediates thanks to the enzymes’ intrinsic selectivity; and where enzymes fall short, organo- or metal catalysts can further expand the range of possible synthetic routes. Here, we present two enantiocomplementary (chemo)-enzymatic cascades composed of either a styrene monooxygenase (StyAB) or the Shi epoxidation catalyst for enantioselective alkene epoxidation in the first step, cou

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7

Gong, Jianxian, Zhen Yang, Yueqing Gu, and Ceheng Tan. "Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Natural Products via Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions." Synlett 29, no. 12 (2018): 1552–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610126.

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This account describes our group’s latest research in the field of diversity-oriented synthesis of natural products via gold-catalyzed cascade reactions. We present two general strategies based on gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization: a gold-catalyzed cascade reaction of 1,7-diynes and a pinacol-terminated gold-catalyzed cascade reaction. We highlight our development of synthetic methods for the construction of biologically active natural products by using these two strategies.1 Introduction2 Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of 1,7-Diynes2.1 Collective Synthesis of C15 Oxygenated Drimane-Type Ses

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Gu, Binjie, Xiaoli Yu, Zhaojun Xu, Feng Pan, and Dawei Wang. "A Single-Step Palladium-Catalysed Synthesis of Naphtho[2,3-b]Benzofuran-6,11-Diones and 2-(Hydroxyphenyl)Naphthalene-1,4-Diones." Journal of Chemical Research 41, no. 10 (2017): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751917x15045169836235.

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Palladium-catalysed competitive three-component C–H functionalisation reactions and cascade coupling ring-closing reactions of quinones with iodophenols in dihaloalkanes are described. During initial attempts to conduct C–H functionalisation reactions of quinones with iodophenols in dihaloalkanes, surprisingly a three-component C–H functionalisation reaction was discovered. Furthermore, as the reaction of chloroquinones with iodophenols was in progress, another surprising cascade coupling with ring closure was achieved. This provided an efficient single-step synthesis of naphtho[2,3- b]benzofu

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9

Bronstein, Lyudmila M., and Valentina G. Matveeva. "Multifunctional Catalysts for Cascade Reactions in Biomass Processing." Nanomaterials 14, no. 23 (2024): 1937. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231937.

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Multifunctional catalysts have received considerable attention in the cascade reactions of biomass processing. A cascade (or tandem) reaction is realized when multiple reaction steps that require different catalysts are performed in a one-step process. These reactions require bi- or multifunctional catalysts or catalyst mixtures to serve successfully at each reaction step. In this review article, we discuss the major factors of the catalyst design influencing the structure–property relationships, which could differ depending on the catalyst type. The major factors include the amounts and stren

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10

Castagnolo, Daniele, and Kate Lauder. "Photo-Biocatalytic Cascades for the Synthesis of Volatile Sulfur Compounds and Chemical Building Blocks." Synlett 31, no. 08 (2020): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690784.

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Biocatalysis is a branch of catalysis that exploits enzymes to perform highly stereoselective chemical transformations under mild and sustainable conditions. This Synpact highlights how biocatalysis can be used in the synthesis of chiral 1,3-mercaptoalkanols, an important class of compounds responsible for the flavours and aromas of many foods and beverages. The identification of two ketoreductase (KRED) enzymes able to reduce prochiral ketone precursors enantioselectively to 1,3-mercaptoalkanols bearing a C–O stereocentre is presented. In addition, the combination of a photocatalytic thia-Mic

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11

Prem, Sophia A., Martina Haack, Felix Melcher, Marion Ringel, Daniel Garbe, and Thomas Brück. "Two Cascade Reactions with Oleate Hydratases for the Sustainable Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid-Derived Fine Chemicals." Catalysts 13, no. 9 (2023): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13091236.

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Oleate hydratases (OHs) are of significant industrial interest for the sustainable generation of valuable fine chemicals. When combined with other enzymes in multi-step cascades, the direct formation of fatty acid congeners can be accomplished with minimal processing steps. In this study, two cascade reactions are presented, which can be applied in one-pot approaches. The first cascade was placed “upstream” of an OH derived from Rhodococcus erythropolis (OhyRe), where a lipase from Candida rugosa was applied to hydrolyze triglycerides into free fatty acids, a crucial step for OH conversion. Fu

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12

Tang, Christina, and Bridget T. McInnes. "Cascade Processes with Micellar Reaction Media: Recent Advances and Future Directions." Molecules 27, no. 17 (2022): 5611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175611.

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Reducing the use of solvents is an important aim of green chemistry. Using micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic molecules dispersed in water (considered a green solvent) has facilitated reactions of organic compounds. When performing reactions in micelles, the hydrophobic effect can considerably accelerate apparent reaction rates, as well as enhance selectivity. Here, we review micellar reaction media and their potential role in sustainable chemical production. The focus of this review is applications of engineered amphiphilic systems for reactions (surface-active ionic liquids, designer s

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13

Herrero, María Teresa, Jokin Díaz de Sarralde, Nerea Conde, Aitor Herrán, Garazi Urgoitia, and Raul SanMartin. "Metal-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions between Alkynoic Acids and Dinucleophiles: A Review." Catalysts 13, no. 3 (2023): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13030495.

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Cascade reactions provide a straightforward access to many valuable compounds and reduce considerably the number of steps of a synthetic sequence. Among the domino and multicomponent processes that involve alkynes, the cascade reaction between alkynoic acids and C-, N-, O- and S-aminonucleophiles stands out as a particularly powerful tool for the one-pot construction of libraries of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with scaffold diversity and molecular complexity. This reaction, based on an initial metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization that generates an alkylidene lactone intermediate,

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14

Cai, Yunfei, Sishi Zhong, and Lei Xu. "Recent Advances on Piancatelli Reactions and Related Cascade Processes." Synthesis 54, no. 03 (2021): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1737125.

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AbstractThe Piancatelli reaction, which is the rearrangement of 2-furylcarbinol to cyclopentenone, involves a key furanoxonium ion intermediate and a furan ring opening-4π electrocyclization process. In recent years, the original oxa-Piancatelli reaction has been extended to a large family of aza- and carbo-Piancatelli reactions and related cascade processes, providing a powerful platform for the construction of diverse functionalized cyclopentenones and polycyclic cyclopentanones. Meanwhile, chiral Brønsted/Lewis acid based catalytic asymmetric approaches to Piancatelli reactions have also be

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15

Lenko, Illia, Alexander Mamontov, Carole Alayrac, and Bernhard Witulski. "Pallado-Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of 2-Alkoxyquinolines from 1,3-Butadiynamides." Molecules 29, no. 15 (2024): 3505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153505.

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A novel synthesis strategy to access 2-alkoxyquinoline derivatives via a palladium-driven cascade reaction is disclosed. Unlike classic methods based on the alkylation of 2-quinolones with alkyl halides, the present method benefits from the de novo assembly of the quinoline core starting from 1,3-butadiynamides. Palladium-catalyzed reaction cascades with N-(2-iodophenyl)-N-tosyl-1,3-butadiynamides and primary alcohols as external nucleophiles proceed under mild reaction conditions and selectively deliver a variety of differently functionalized 4-alkenyl 2-alkoxyquinolines in a single batch tra

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16

Du, Yuxuan. "Recent Advances in Nano Silver Catalysis for Organic Transformations." Transactions on Materials, Biotechnology and Life Sciences 4 (August 29, 2024): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/kzr77t36.

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This account explains three types of reactions to form homogeneous or heterogeneous nanocatalysts; coupling reaction, reduction reaction, and cascade reaction. Catalyst is an important technology and has various advantages. Metal oxides, or metals, placed on a support or carrier in a different state, are the catalytically active part of a solid catalyst. Particles that range in size from 1 to 100 nm are referred to as metal nanoparticles, and they are frequently used in synthetic organic chemistry. Based on their characteristics, nanocatalysts have several benefits, including increased chemica

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17

Cain, David, Calum McLaughlin, John Molloy, Cameron Carpenter-Warren, Niall Anderson, and Allan Watson. "A Cascade Suzuki–Miyaura/Diels–Alder Protocol: Exploring the Bifunctional Utility of Vinyl Bpin." Synlett 30, no. 07 (2018): 787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611228.

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Cascade reactions are an important strategy in reaction design, allowing streamlining of chemical synthesis. Here we report a cascade Suzuki–Miyaura/Diels–Alder reaction, employing vinyl Bpin as a bifunctional reagent in two distinct roles: as an organoboron nucleophile for cross-coupling and as a Diels–Alder dienophile. Merging these two reactions enables a rapid and operationally simple synthesis of functionalized carbocycles in good yield. The effect of the organoboron subtype on Diels–Alder regioselectivity was investigated and postsynthetic modifications were carried out on a model subs

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18

Jia, Huihui, Huangdi Feng, and Zhihua Sun. "Multicomponent domino reactions of hydrazinecarbodithioates: concise access to 3-substituted 5-thiol-1,3,4-thiadiazolines." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 30 (2015): 8177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01166c.

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19

Ali, Sarfaraz, Patrick M. McCosker, Anthony C. Willis, et al. "Mapping of Some Further Alkylation-Initiated Pathways to Polyheterocyclic Compounds from Indigo and Indirubin." Molecules 29, no. 17 (2024): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174242.

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The reaction of indigo with two equivalents of the electrophile ethyl bromoacetate with caesium carbonate as a base result in the formation of structurally complex polyheterocyclics, including a fused spiroimidazole and a spiro[1,3]oxazino derivative, together with a biindigoid-type derivative, through a convenient one-pot reaction. Further assessment of the reaction using five equivalents of the electrophile gave rise to other molecules incorporating the 2-(7,13,14-trioxo-6,7,13,14-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a:4,3-a′]diindol-6-yl) scaffold. The reaction of ethyl bromoacetate with the less reactiv

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20

Siedentop, Regine, Maximilian Siska, Niklas Möller, et al. "Bayesian Optimization for an ATP-Regenerating In Vitro Enzyme Cascade." Catalysts 13, no. 3 (2023): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13030468.

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Enzyme cascades are an emerging synthetic tool for the synthesis of various molecules, combining the advantages of biocatalysis and of one-pot multi-step reactions. However, the more complex the enzyme cascade is, the more difficult it is to achieve adequate productivities and product concentrations. Therefore, the whole process must be optimized to account for synergistic effects. One way to deal with this challenge involves data-driven models in combination with experimental validation. Here, Bayesian optimization was applied to an ATP-producing and -regenerating enzyme cascade consisting of

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21

Xie, Dong-Hua, Cheng Niu, and Da-Ming Du. "Enantioselective Michael/Hemiketalization Cascade Reactions between Hydroxymaleimides and 2-Hydroxynitrostyrenes for the Construction of Chiral Chroman-Fused Pyrrolidinediones." Molecules 27, no. 16 (2022): 5081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165081.

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In this paper, the organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition/hemiketalization cascade reactions between hydroxymaleimides and 2-hydroxynitrostyrenes were developed, which provided a new protocol for building a chiral ring-fused chroman skeleton. This squaramide-catalyzed cascade reaction provided chiral chroman-fused pyrrolidinediones with three contiguous stereocenters in good to high yields (up to 88%), with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee) at −16 °C. Moreover, a scale-up synthesis was also carried out, and a possible reaction mec

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22

Chiou, Wen-Hua, Seung-Yub Lee, and Iwao Ojima. "Recent advances in cyclohydrocarbonylation reactions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 6-7 (2005): 681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-035.

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This article describes recent advances in the cyclohydrocarbonylation reactions catalyzed by transition-metal complexes and their applications in organic synthesis as a review covering the relevant literature up to the middle of 2004. The reactions are categorized into four types, i.e., intramolecular amidocarbonylation reactions, intramolecular aminocarbonylation reactions, cyclohydrocarbonylation reactions involving carbonnucleophiles, and other cyclohydrocarbonylation reactions. Cyclohydrocarbonylation reactions provide efficient routes to various monocyclic, bicyclic, and polycyclic compo

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23

Varón, Ramón, Bent H. Havsteen, Edelmira Valero, Milagros Molina-Alarcón, Francisco García-Cánovas, and Manuela García-Moreno. "Kinetic analysis of the transient phase and steady state of open multicyclic enzyme cascades." Acta Biochimica Polonica 52, no. 4 (2005): 765–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2005_3388.

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This paper presents a kinetic analysis of the whole reaction course, i.e. of both the transient phase and the steady state, of open multicyclic enzyme cascade systems. Equations for fractional modifications are obtained which are valid for the whole reaction course. The steady state expressions for the fractional modifications were derived from the latter equations since they are not restricted to the condition of rapid equilibrium. Finally, the validity of our results is discussed and tested by numerical integration. Apart from the intrinsic value of knowing the kinetic behaviour of any of th

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24

Sahoo, Pathik. "Time Crystal Synthon: The Way to Integrate Cascade Reactions for Advancing Multistep Flow Synthesis." ChemEngineering 7, no. 5 (2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering7050088.

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Multistep flow catalytic reactions in organic chemistry integrate multiple sequential organic reactions to enhance cost-efficiency, time management, and labour resources, all while boosting effectiveness and environmental sustainability. Similar to how we select molecular synthons for reactions in retrosynthesis, we can employ time-crystal synthons to integrate catalytic reaction cycles in the development of a reaction pathway. This involves considering individual catalytic reaction steps of cycles as time-consuming events that can be topologically arranged like a clock. This results in a perp

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Young, Rowan D., and Richa Gupta. "A Review on the Halodefluorination of Aliphatic Fluorides." Synthesis 54, no. 07 (2021): 1671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1684-0121.

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AbstractHalodefluorination of alkyl fluorides using group 13 metal halides has been known for quite some time (first reported by Newman in 1938) and is often utilized in its crude stoichiometric form to substitute fluorine with heavier halogens. However, recently halodefluorination has undergone many developments. The reaction can be effected with a range of metal halide sources (including s-block, f-block, and p-block metals), and has been developed into a catalytic process. Furthermore, methods for monoselective halodefluorination in polyfluorocarbons have been developed, allowing exchange o

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Tang, Yong-Xing, and An-Xin Wu. "Research progress of self-organized reaction networks for cascade reactions." Tetrahedron 166 (October 2024): 134210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2024.134210.

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27

Barros, HR, LY Tanaka, Silva RTP da, J. Santiago‐Arcos, SIC Torresi, and F. López‐Gallego. "Assembly of Nano-Biocatalyst for the Tandem Hydrolysis and Reduction of p-Nitrophenol Esters." Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, no. 10 (August 26, 2021): 2100136. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202100136.

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Hybrid nano-biomaterials are exploited in the design and performance of chemo-enzymatic cascades. In this study, lipase is immobilized from Candida antarctica fraction B (CALB) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on magnetic particles coated with silica (MNP@SiO2) to stepwise hydrolyze and reduce p-nitrophenyl esters in tandem reaction. The assembly of the two catalysts at the interface of the MNP@SiO2 particles and the temporal control of the reaction turns out to be the most determinant parameters for the cascade kinetics. When both CALB and Au NPs are co-immobilized at the MNP@SiO2 particle, th

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Klepp, Julian, Thomas Bousfield, Hugh Cummins, Sarah V. A.-M. Legendre, Jason E. Camp, and Ben W. Greatrex. "Oxa-Michael-initiated cascade reactions of levoglucosenone." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 18 (October 13, 2022): 1457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.18.151.

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The reactions of aromatic aldehydes and levoglucosenone promoted by methoxide gives bridged α,β-unsaturated ketones, formed by a series of oxa-Michael-initiated cascade reactions in yields of up to 91% (14 examples). A complex series of equilibria operate during the reaction, and the formation of the bridged species is thermodynamically favored, except in the case of 5-methylfurfural and pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde. This is the first report detailing this type of aldol/Michael cascade involving oxa-Michael initiation.

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Kriis, Kadri, Kerti Ausmees, Tõnis Pehk, Margus Lopp, and Tõnis Kanger. "A Novel Diastereoselective Multicomponent Cascade Reaction." Organic Letters 12, no. 10 (2010): 2230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol1005714.

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Bhattacharyya, S., and K. Hatua. "Theoretical investigation of Banert cascade reaction." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 4 (2018): 171075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171075.

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Computational inside of Banert cascade reaction for triazole formation is studied with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The reaction proceeds mainly by SN2 initial chloride displacement rather than SN2′-type attack. Furthermore, according to the rate of reaction calculation, SN2 displacement is much faster than SN2′ displacement in the order of 8. The [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement for the conversion of propargyl azide into triazafulvene has been proved as the rate-determining step having highest activation energy parameter. Solvent effect on total course of reaction has been found negligibl

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Xing, Li-Juan, Tao Lu, Wei-Li Fu, et al. "1,5-Diketones SynthesisviaThree-Component Cascade Reaction." Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 357, no. 14-15 (2015): 3076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201500691.

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He, Xiang-Hong, Lei Yang, Wei Huang та ін. "Catalytic cross-benzoin/Michael/acetalization cascade for asymmetric synthesis of trifluoromethylated γ-butyrolactones". RSC Advances 6, № 34 (2016): 28960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra03571j.

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A sequential NHC-amine catalytic cascade reaction has been developed. This approach incorporates a highly chemoselective intermolecular cross-benzoin reaction and a highly regioselective Michael-acetalization cascade.

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Trice, Mark. "Sounding the alarm: studying the role of signal cascades in the immune response (EDU1P.250)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (2014): 49.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.49.4.

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Abstract The purpose of this research opportunity was to investigate the methods and roles of cell signaling via protein cascades and their connections to the functionality of the immune system. During my summer internship, I worked with investigators at the United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) to develop and test the activity of man-made protease cascades that could someday mirror the complement system in its aggressive response to specific signal molecules. My research experience inspired me to develop a unit for a second year Biology/AP Biology co

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Shen, Yangyong, Chaorong Wang, Wei Chen та Sunliang Cui. "Cascade reaction involving Diels–Alder cascade: modular synthesis of amino α-pyrones, indolines and anilines". Organic Chemistry Frontiers 5, № 24 (2018): 3574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qo00939b.

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Schneider, Thomas, Michael Keim, Bianca Seitz, and Gerhard Maas. "Reactions of 3-aryl-1-(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-yn-1-iminium salts with 1,3-dienes and styrenes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (August 24, 2020): 2064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.173.

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3-Aryl-1-(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-yn-1-iminium triflate salts represent a novel, highly reactive class of acetylenic iminium salts. Herein we present several reactions which are based on the electron-poor acetylenic bond and on the high electrophilicity of the CF3-substituted iminium group. These salts were found to be highly reactive dienophiles in Diels–Alder reactions with cyclopentadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and even anthracene. At higher temperature, the cycloadducts undergo an intramolecular SE(Ar) reaction leading to condensed carbocycles incorporating a 1-(trifluoromethyl)-1-(dimethyl

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Toma, Koji, Kanako Iwasaki, Geng Zhang, et al. "Biochemical Methanol Gas Sensor (MeOH Bio-Sniffer) for Non-Invasive Assessment of Intestinal Flora from Breath Methanol." Sensors 21, no. 14 (2021): 4897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144897.

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Methanol (MeOH) in exhaled breath has potential for non-invasive assessment of intestinal flora. In this study, we have developed a biochemical gas sensor (bio-sniffer) for MeOH in the gas phase using fluorometry and a cascade reaction with two enzymes, alcohol oxidase (AOD) and formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). In the cascade reaction, oxidation of MeOH was initially catalyzed by AOD to produce formaldehyde, and then this formaldehyde was successively oxidized via FALDH catalysis together with reduction of oxidized form of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). As a result of the casca

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Padwa, A. "Application of cascade processes toward heterocyclic synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 1 (2003): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375010047.

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The reactions of N-acyliminium ions with tethered π-bonds are among the most important methods for preparing complex nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Pummerer-based cyclizations are also finding widespread application in both carbo- and heterocyclic syntheses. As part of a program concerned with new methods for alkaloid synthesis, we became interested in using a linked Pummerer/N-acyliminium ion cyclization sequence since we felt that this combination offers unique opportunities for the assemblage of complex target molecules. A synthetic method that combines transformations of different react

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38

Ghéczy, Nicolas, Kai Sasaki, Makoto Yoshimoto, et al. "A two-enzyme cascade reaction consisting of two reaction pathways. Studies in bulk solution for understanding the performance of a flow-through device with immobilised enzymes." RSC Advances 10, no. 32 (2020): 18655–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01204a.

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A cascade reaction catalysed by bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) proceeds over two possible pathways, which explains differences in product formation for differently immobilised enzymes in flow-through reactions.

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Salazar, Matthew, Ann L. Greenaway, Emily L. Warren, and Frances Houle. "Cascade Catalysis Systems That Use a 3-Terminal Tandem Architecture." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 35 (2024): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01352003mtgabs.

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The 3 terminal tandem (3TT) photovoltaic architecturea is ideal for driving cascade catalysis systems for conversion of CO2 into more complex products because it provides the flexibility to hold 2 different catalytic regions at different potentials, optimized to drive sequential reaction steps. In this work, we explore how this architecture can be adapted to heterogeneous CO2 reduction using Ag and Cu catalyst regions coupled by diffusion within the boundary layer adjacent to the electrodes using stochastic kinetics simulations. The goal is to evaluate the geometric and voltage requirements of

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40

O'Mara, Peter B., Patrick Wilde, Tania M. Benedetti, et al. "Cascade Reactions in Nanozymes: Spatially Separated Active Sites inside Ag-Core−Porous-Cu-Shell Nanoparticles for Multistep Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Higher Organic Molecules." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141 (August 25, 2019): 14093–97. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b07310.

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Enzymes can perform complex multistep cascade reactions by linking multiple distinct catalytic sites via substrate channeling. We mimic this feature in a generalized approach with an electrocatalytic nanoparticle for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction comprising a Ag core surrounded by a porous Cu shell, providing different active sites in nanoconfined volumes. The architecture of the nanozyme provides the basis for a cascade reaction, which promotes C−C coupling reactions. The first step occurs on the Ag core, and the subsequent steps on the porous copper shell, where a sufficiently

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Wang, Biao, Hai-Jun Leng, Xue-Yuan Yang, et al. "Efficient synthesis of tetrahydronaphthalene- or isochroman-fused spirooxindoles using tandem reactions." RSC Advances 5, no. 107 (2015): 88272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15735h.

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The cascade reaction involving a Michael–aldol or vinylogous Henry-acetalization relay is described. We have used the cascade reaction to assemble tetrahydronaphthalene- or isochroman-fused spirooxindoles and other drug-like spirocyclic scaffolds.

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42

Salehi, Parvin, Zahra Tanbakouchian, Noushin Farajinia-Lehi, and Morteza Shiri. "Cascade synthesis of 2,4-disulfonylpyrroles by the sulfonylation/[2 + 3]-cycloaddition reactions of gem-dibromoalkenes with arylsulfonyl methyl isocyanides." RSC Advances 11, no. 22 (2021): 13292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10451e.

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An efficient cascade reaction involving sulfonylation and [2 + 3]-cycloaddition reactions of gem-dibromoalkenes with arylsulfonyl methyl isocyanides was described for the synthesis of 3-aryl-2,4-disulfonyl-1H-pyrroles.

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43

Siedentop, Regine, Christiane Claaßen, Dörte Rother, Stephan Lütz, and Katrin Rosenthal. "Getting the Most Out of Enzyme Cascades: Strategies to Optimize In Vitro Multi-Enzymatic Reactions." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (2021): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101183.

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In vitro enzyme cascades possess great benefits, such as their synthetic capabilities for complex molecules, no need for intermediate isolation, and the shift of unfavorable equilibria towards the products. Their performance, however, can be impaired by, for example, destabilizing or inhibitory interactions between the cascade components or incongruous reaction conditions. The optimization of such systems is therefore often inevitable but not an easy task. Many parameters such as the design of the synthesis route, the choice of enzymes, reaction conditions, or process design can alter the perf

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44

Nguyen, Kim, and David W. Lupton. "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalysed Mukaiyama–Michael Reaction and Mukaiyama Aldol/Mukaiyama–Michael Three-Component Coupling Reaction." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 4 (2017): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16566.

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An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalysed Mukaiyama–Michael addition between several trimethylsilyl (TMS) enol ethers and chalcone derivatives has been discovered. In addition, a related reaction cascade involving dehydrative Mukaiyama aldol followed by a Mukaiyama–Michael addition process has been developed. The later reaction can also be achieved as a three-component coupling reaction. The enantioselective variant of these reactions has been examined with homochiral catalysts. Though these catalysts were active, they fail to achieve enantioinduction.

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45

Castilho, Shirley, Humberto Milagre, and Cintia Milagre. "REAÇÕES EM CASCATA ENZIMÁTICA, QUIMIOENZIMÁTICA E FOTOENZIMÁTICA: PERSPECTIVAS PARA UMA SÍNTESE ORGÂNICA MAIS SUSTENTÁVEL." Química Nova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170829.

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ENZYMATIC, CHEMOENZYMATIC AND PHOTOENZYMATIC CASCADE REACTIONS: PERSPECTIVES FOR A MORE SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. Chemicals are rarely the result of a single transformation but rather the consequence of several individual reaction steps. Classically, these individual steps are carried out in sequence, including isolation and purification of the intermediate products. However, the reasons for choosing to carry out cascade reactions can be multiple, such as (i) the chance to prepare unstable and/or toxic intermediates, which are consumed directly in a subsequent step, (ii) the option to shi

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Xiong, Ruru, Xiaoguang Zhu, Jiuhong Zhao, Guixia Ling, and Peng Zhang. "Nanozymes‐Mediated Cascade Reaction System for Tumor‐Specific Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy." Small Methods, March 13, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202301676.

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AbstractCascade reactions are described as efficient and versatile tools, and organized catalytic cascades can significantly improve the efficiency of chemical interworking between nanozymes. They have attracted great interest in many fields such as chromogenic detection, biosensing, tumor diagnosis, and therapy. However, how to selectively kill tumor cells by enzymatic reactions without harming normal cells, as well as exploring two or more enzyme‐engineered nanoreactors for cascading catalytic reactions, remain great challenges in the field of targeted and specific cancer diagnostics and the

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47

"Organocatalytic Reaction Cascade." Synfacts 2007, no. 08 (2007): 0869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-968756.

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Zhang, Yunxiao, Jiaxin Wang, Youyuan Guo, Shanshan Liu, and Xiao Shen. "Carbonyl Olefin Metathesis and Dehydrogenative Cyclization of Aromatic Ketones and gem‐Difluoroalkenes." Angewandte Chemie, December 8, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202315269.

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The beauty of one‐pot cascade reaction lies in the efficient disconnection and construction of several bonds in a single reaction flask, without the isolation of any intermediates. Herein, we report the first photo‐induced thermal‐promoted cascade reactions of readily available aromatic ketones and aromatic gem‐difluoroalkenes for the synthesis of phenanthrenes which possess potential utility in drug design and material science. The reaction combines carbonyl‐olefin metathesis (cascade photo‐induced [2+2] cyclization and thermal‐controlled retro [2+2] cyclization) and dehydrogenative cyclizati

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Zhang, Yunxiao, Jiaxin Wang, Youyuan Guo, Shanshan Liu, and Xiao Shen. "Carbonyl Olefin Metathesis and Dehydrogenative Cyclization of Aromatic Ketones and gem‐Difluoroalkenes." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, December 8, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202315269.

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The beauty of one‐pot cascade reaction lies in the efficient disconnection and construction of several bonds in a single reaction flask, without the isolation of any intermediates. Herein, we report the first photo‐induced thermal‐promoted cascade reactions of readily available aromatic ketones and aromatic gem‐difluoroalkenes for the synthesis of phenanthrenes which possess potential utility in drug design and material science. The reaction combines carbonyl‐olefin metathesis (cascade photo‐induced [2+2] cyclization and thermal‐controlled retro [2+2] cyclization) and dehydrogenative cyclizati

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50

Ngai, To, Yongkang Xi, Shuxin Wang, et al. "Multifunctional Integrated Compartment Systems for Incompatible Pickering Interfacial Catalysis Cascade Reactions Based on Responsive Core–Shell Nanoparticles." Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3qm00046j.

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Chemoenzymatic cascade reactions can expand the scope of single catalytic reactions, offering methods for reducing the production isolation steps, downstream processing costs, and reaction equilibria transformation times. However, combined cascade...

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