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Journal articles on the topic 'Cascaded power amplifier'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Xu, Guo Hua, Ying Zhang, Ming Dong, and Lu Wei Xu. "A High-Efficiency Cascade Multilevel Class-D Amplifier." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.559.

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A switch-mode power amplifier based on a cascaded multicell multilevel circuit topology is introduced in the paper. Due to the Carrier-Based phase-shifted modulation of the individual switching cells, the output voltage ripple of the total system is considerably small. Compared with traditional class- AB amplifiers that are very poor at efficiency, the proposed amplifier has the efficiency of 90% at the smaller distortion level. A multilevel class-D amplifier’s mathematic model is analyzed. The paper lays emphasis on the design of the sliding mode control and deducts the parameters, and then develops a 2kW cascade multilevel class-D power amplifier adopting sliding mode control. The research results show that this kind of amplifier increases the system bandwidth, which provides the system with fast following performance and stability, high efficiency, and low THD value of output signals.

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Wang, Xiong, Pu Zhou, Xiaolin Wang, Hu Xiao, and Lei Si. "51.5 W monolithic single frequency 1.97 m Tm-doped fiber amplifier." High Power Laser Science and Engineering 1, no. 3-4 (2013): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2013.20.

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AbstractWe demonstrate a monolithic single frequency Tm-doped fiber amplifier with output power of 51.5 W. A single frequency fiber laser at 1.97 $\mathrm {\mu} $m is amplified by a cascaded master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system with all-fiber configuration. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of the main fiber amplifier is 45%. No amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect is observed in the fiber amplifier. The output power could be further scaled by launching more pump power.

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Jang, Jejin, Jaehyuk Choi, Donghun Lee, and Hyungsoo Mok. "Design Procedure of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for High-Power Amplifier in SONAR System." Energies 17, no. 7 (2024): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071581.

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In recent years, there has been a trend toward expanding the operating frequency range and increasing the output power of Sound Navigation and Ranging (SONAR) systems to enhance their acoustic detection capabilities. However, due to this increase in operational power, the electrical capacity of amplifiers for SONAR system operation also increases, necessitating High-Power Amplifiers. When configured with a single amplifier, as in conventional methods, the volume of amplifiers increases due to volumetric increases in heat dissipation, components, and windings. These issues are detrimental to SONAR amplifier installation, mobility, maintenance, and equipment lifespan due to stress on individual components. Additionally, amplifiers for SONAR systems are comprised of power conversion devices, transformers for LC filters and matching, necessitating consideration of LC filters and matching transformers for enhancing voltage quality and efficiency to improve amplifier performance transmitted to SONAR transducers. However, previous research has focused on single-amplifier design methods, neglecting such considerations. Therefore, this paper proposes a design technique that overcomes the drawbacks of using the conventional design method by configuring multiple H-bridge inverters in a cascade format and utilizes one of the optimization algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), to derive amplifier design techniques that optimize component parameters for enhancing high-capacity amplifier performance. Subsequently, theoretical analysis, simulations, and experimental results comparing the proposed high-power amplifier design method with conventional single-amplifier design methods demonstrate similar error rates in operational frequency bands.

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Xu, Guo Hua, Ying Zhang, Ming Dong, and Qing De Meng. "The Output Researching of a Cascaded Multilevel Class-D Power Amplifier." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.3.

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A high efficiency switch-mode power amplifier based on a cascaded multicell multilevel circuit topology is introduced in the paper. A multicell topology being operated in a unipolar phase-shifted PWM control to switch-mode amplifier system is introduced. After analysising a single-phase H-bridge unipolar PWM inverter’s output, the paper emphasis on the researching of the output of a Cascaded Multilevel Class-D Power Amplifier. The paper analyzes the advanced characteristic of the cascaded multilevel technique. Then a cascaded multilevel class-D power amplifier is built in the laboratory. The result of measurement shows a good following performance and stability.

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FARHA, Elie, Anis MADDI, Gaelle POIGNAND, and Guillaume PENELET. "Cascaded Thermoacoustic amplifier." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 270, no. 6 (2024): 5321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2024_3573.

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In this study, we explore the amplification of an incident acoustic wave using the thermoacoustic effect and its applicability for low-temperature energy harvesting. The thermoacoustic effect can be exploited to develop thermoacoustic engines, whose potential for thermal energy harvesting has been extensively studied. In their simplest form, they consist of a porous material inserted in a waveguide, in which a temperature difference is applied and leads to the generation of a thermoacoustic instability. Here, we propose the theoretical and experimental study of an alternative system to the conventional thermoacoustic engine. The system considered here differs from the typical engine in that it exhibits no self-excited instabilities, but only relies on the amplification of an acoustic wave. The experimental set-up consists of a cascaded network of heated porous materials, coupled to an acoustic source and an alternator. This device allows to control several parameters, such as the operating frequency and input power, and it can be designed to achieve a high amplification ratio. Our work offers a new perspective on energy harvesting using the thermoacoustic effect.

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Lee, Mun-Woo, Sang-Ho Kam, Yong-Sub Lee, and Yoon-Ha Jeong. "Doherty power amplifier with cascaded peaking cells." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 53, no. 1 (2010): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.25682.

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Gogolev, Nikita I., Ayatulla Salikh, Dmitry S. Bragin, and Vladimir D. Dmitriev. "Study of the characteristics of a distributed gain amplifier based on GaAs field-effect transistors." Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics 26, no. 3 (2023): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21293/1818-0442-2023-26-3-32-40.

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The distributed amplifier is an effective solution for creating broadband amplifiers in wireless communication, pulse and measurement technology. In this study, a distributed amplification amplifier based on GaAs field-effect transistors was developed. The optimal number of amplification cells was determined and a cascaded distributed amplification amplifier with a schematic diagram operating in the range of 2 to 20 GHz was designed. Preliminary calculations of the main characteristics of the amplifier were also performed, and based on them, a model of the distributed amplification amplifier was constructed, which was simulated in CAD. The changes in the gain and output power when compressed by 1 dB depending on the number of amplification cells were analyzed. The results of the study can be used in designing distributed amplification amplifiers for various systems in modern radio electronics.

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Mallick, Bandana, Bibhu Prasad, and Dr Krishna Chandra Patra. "Design of a Hybrid Optical amplifier for 64 DWDM Channels network by using EDFA and Raman Amplifier." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 5, no. 4 (2017): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.050401.

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In this paper a hybrid amplifier EDFA-RAMAN DWDM transmission system is proposed and demonstrated. A new hybrid two-stage optical fiber amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) network is observed. The hybrid amplifier is cascaded erbium- doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) & Raman amplifier which provide a nearly flat gain over 80 nm. The hybrid amplifier has been modeled using an Optic-System version 14 on a DWDM transmission. In this paper we compare Q-factor at different input power i.e. at 0db and at 10 db. Here two different types of apodized function (Uniform & Gaussian) are selected as fiber Bragg grating parameters and system performance is analyzed. Performance of the system is analyzed by using BER analyzer.

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Hou, Yanbin, Wanrong Sun, Aifeng Ren, and Shuming Liu. "Design of High-Voltage Switch-Mode Power Amplifier Based on Digital-Controlled Hybrid Multilevel Converter." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3982594.

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Compared with conventional Class-A, Class-B, and Class-AB amplifiers, Class-D amplifier, also known as switching amplifier, employs pulse width modulation (PWM) technology and solid-state switching devices, capable of achieving much higher efficiency. However, PWM-based switching amplifier is usually designed for low-voltage application, offering a maximum output voltage of several hundred Volts. Therefore, a step-up transformer is indispensably adopted in PWM-based Class-D amplifier to produce high-voltage output. In this paper, a switching amplifier without step-up transformer is developed based on digital pulse step modulation (PSM) and hybrid multilevel converter. Under the control of input signal, cascaded power converters with separate DC sources operate in PSM switch mode to directly generate high-voltage and high-power output. The relevant topological structure, operating principle, and design scheme are introduced. Finally, a prototype system is built, which can provide power up to 1400 Watts and peak voltage up to ±1700 Volts. And the performance, including efficiency, linearity, and distortion, is evaluated by experimental tests.

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Xue, Mingyuan, Cunxiao Gao, Linquan Niu, et al. "A 20 W, Less-Than-1-kHz Linewidth Linearly Polarized All-Fiber Laser." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122593.

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We report a continuous-wave high-output power and narrow-linewidth all-fiber laser at 1550 nm with the master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration. An all-fiber distributed feedback seed laser was boosted by three cascaded fiber amplifiers. In the experiment, we adopted a large-mode-area (LMA) Er3+:Yb3+-co-doped polarization-maintaining fiber to increase nonlinear thresholds and avoided the broadening of the laser linewidth. A linear-polarization fiber laser with average output power of 20 W, linewidth of 0.88 kHz, and power jitter less than 2% was finally achieved.

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Jang, Jaemin, Hongtak Lee, Changkun Park, and Songcheol Hong. "A class-E CMOS RF power amplifier with cascaded class-D driver amplifier." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, no. 2 (2008): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23106.

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Wu, Yongjing, Chuanfei Yao, Linjing Yang та ін. "High-energy 2.8-μm Ultrashort Pulses Generation in an Er:ZBLAN Fiber Amplifier". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2464, № 1 (2023): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2464/1/012024.

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Abstract Compact, high-energy ultrashort pulsed fiber lasers in the 2.8 μm wavelength have attracted extensive interest in many scientific and industrial applications. Here, we demonstrated the generation of μJ-level ultrashort pulses from a quasi-all-fiberized Er:ZBLAN amplifier employing a 2.8-μm frequency-shifted soliton as a seed laser. With backward pumping, the pulse energy was enhanced to 0.282 μJ when the average output power was amplified to 1.023 W. Mechanisms for the generation and amplification of ultrashort pulses were theoretically revealed by numerical simulation, and further cascaded indium fluoride (InF3) fiber to obtain a 4.26-μm redshift soliton numerically. This compact fiber amplification system consisting of frequency-shifted-based seed pulses and fluoride fiber amplifiers will be of practical interest in applications.

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Rohana Sapawi, Dayang Halimah Abang Mohamad, Kuryati Kipli, et al. "Design of 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB CMOS Power Amplifier using Cascade Topology." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 32, no. 3 (2023): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.32.3.190198.

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Power amplifier is an important component in the wireless communication system. Design of the power amplifier in UWB transceiver is challenging as the signal need to be transmitted over a wide bandwidth. Several criteria need to be fulfilled such as good linearity, good wideband matching, high efficiency and low power consumption. This paper presents the design of a power amplifier with 3.1-10.6 GHz using 0.18 μm CMOS technology for ultra-wide band application. The proposed power amplifier used three cascaded amplifier stages in order to achieve good gain and wide-band width. The results show that the proposed power amplifier design has an average gain of 7.28 dB, an input return loss less than -7.48 dB, an output return loss less than -4.782 dB, and group delay variation of ±151.9 ps is achieved over the entire band. A good input 1dB-compression point of 6.67 dBm and input third order intercept point of 0 dBm is achieved at 5 GHz.

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Yang, Tianli, Jing Yang, Wangzhe Zhou, et al. "High-Power, High-Purity HG0n Hermite–Gaussian Laser Beam Generation in Cascaded Large Aspect Ratio Slabs." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (2023): 11062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131911062.

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High-power, high-purity, nanosecond (ns) one-dimensional HG0n laser beams are proposed and demonstrated by using Nd:YAG cascaded slabs with a large aspect ratio. The HG0n laser beams are generated by adjusting the pump distribution, the intracavity apertures, and the tilt angle of the output coupler (OC). By controlling the gain and loss of HG0n modes of different orders, the high-purity, one-dimensional, high-order HG0n laser beams with orders 1 to 9 (HG01 to HG09) are produced, and their beam quality factors M2 align well with the theoretical predictions. Meanwhile, the large aspect ratio slab provides an ideal amplifier for the strip-shaped HG0n laser beams, and further power scaling is achieved by seeding the generated HG0n laser beams into an amplifier with an identical slab module. For the HG09 mode, the average power is amplified from 289 mW to 4.73 W with 294 ns pulse width, corresponding to a peak power of 32 kW. Moreover, above 5 W average power is achieved for all HG01 to HG08 modes. Hopefully, this scheme provides a solution for high-power and high-purity HG0n laser beam generation based on the slab-shaped configuration.

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Gao, Zixiang, Qiang Shu, Fang Li, et al. "A 6 kW Level Linearly Polarized Near-Diffraction-Limited Monolithic Fiber Laser with a 0.43 nm Linewidth." Photonics 12, no. 7 (2025): 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12070701.

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A high-power, narrow-linewidth, all-fiber polarization-maintaining (PM) amplifier has been demonstrated. A lasing power of 5870 W has been delivered in master oscillator power amplifier architecture with cascaded white noise source (WNS) phase modulation and bidirectional pumping schemes. The maximal power was limited by the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering. At the maximum power operation, the amplifier exhibited a 3 dB spectral linewidth of 0.43 nm with beam quality being M2 < 1.33 and polarization extinction ratio (PER) being 16.3 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest spectral brightness and PER achieved by PM fiber laser systems around 6 kW-level operation.

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Kim, Ki Jin, Tae Ho Lim, S. H. Park, and K. H. Ahn. "A High Efficiency CMOS Power Amplfieir with a Diode Linearizer and Voltage Combining Transformers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 5500–5504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.5500.

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This paper proposes a high efficiency power amplifier with a diode linearizer and voltage combining transformers in a standard 0.13-μm TSMC CMOS technology. The 3-D simulated transformer adopts multi-finger architecture which provides low insertion loss and allows high current capacity on the transformer. With the 4 differentially cascaded connected multi-finger transformers, the amplifier delivers more than 1W output power under 1.8 V supply condition. To enhance linearity of the power amplifier, the diode configuration bias circuit is used in this paper. With all integration of transformers, balun, diode bias circuits and same 4 diff-amps, the prototype Class AB Power Amplifier shows 32dBm saturation power at 2.4 GHz. Due to the diode linearizer the output P1dB is 30.8 dBm with 28 % Power Added Efficiency.

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Lee, Min Chin, Zth Ru Yang, and Zth Jing Hu. "Implementation of Rail-to-Rail Operational Amplifier for Biomedical Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.434.

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This paper proposes gain boosting architecture of a rail-to-rail folded cascaded operational amplifier with CMFB scheme that employing fully differential pair amplifier for applications to biomedical signal process. The proposed rail-to-rail folded cascaded single stage OPA is design and implemented using the TSMC 0.35μm CMOS 2P4M process. Based on simulated and measured results , the chip size is with power dissipation about 1.6mW, input common mode votage range from 0V to 3.3 V, maximum DC gain 82 dB, 114 dB CMRR and 86 dB PSRR.

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Cha, Hyeon-Won, Jae-Jin Koo, Jong-Sik Lim, and Dal Ahn. "Design of a Cascaded Distributed Amplifier using Medium Power Devices." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 10, no. 8 (2009): 1817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2009.10.8.1817.

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Wei, Xinwei, Xiaonan Zhu, Wenyuan Zhang, et al. "Multilayer Model Predictive Control for a Voltage Mode Digital Power Amplifier." Electronics 10, no. 14 (2021): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141699.

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The application of the finite control set model predictive control to cascaded inverters is severely limited by its computational complexity. In this paper, a load observer based multilayer model predictive control is proposed for the voltage mode digital power amplifier employing cascaded full-bridge neutral point clamped inverter, which can avoid the use of load current sensor and greatly reduce the controller computation without affecting its dynamic performance. The discrete mathematical model of the voltage mode digital power amplifier employing cascaded full-bridge neutral point clamped inverter is established with filter inductor current and filter capacitor voltage as state variables. A load current observer is designed based on this to avoid the use of load current observer. Based on the discrete model and the observed load current, the upper layer of the multilayer model predictive control determines the optimal level that minimizes the cost function. The middle layer allocates the optimal level to each submodule in order to achieve capacitor voltage balancing. The lower layer determines the switching state of each submodule in order to reduce switching actions. Finally, the experimental results based on the designed nine-level prototype show that the develop multilayer model predictive control lead to acceptable steady state, dynamic and robust performance, with only 1.37% of the run time of the traditional model predictive control.

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Badillo, Inari, and Joaquín Portilla. "Experimental Study of AM and PM Noise in Cascaded Amplifiers." Electronics 11, no. 3 (2022): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030470.

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An experimental study of amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM) noise spectra in cascaded amplifiers was carried out as a function of the number of amplification stages and the input power. Flicker and white noise contributions were determined, as well as effective noise figure (NF) from AM and PM noise spectra from small-signal to large-signal regimes. Simultaneous measurements of AM and PM noise were performed, and associated correlation was measured as a function of the offset frequency from the carrier. Measurements exhibited, in general, quite low AM–PM correlation levels both in the flicker and white noise parts of the spectrum. In some particular amplifier configurations, however, measurements showed some peaks in the correlation at some specific input power levels in the transition zone, from a quasi-linear to strong compression. The results show that the effective noise figure decreases with the number of stages for a given carrier output power level.

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Jang, Je-Jin, Hyung-Soo Mok, and Dong-Hun Lee. "Design Procedure of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for High Power Amplifier in SONAR System." TRANSACTIONS OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF POWER ELECTRONICS 29, no. 2 (2024): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2024.29.2.120.

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CHEN, HAIYAN. "EFFECT OF TRANSMISSION FUNCTION OF CASCADED MULTILAYER MEDIUM THIN FILM FILTER ON Er–Yb CO-DOPED WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 17 (2011): 2371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211101144.

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Modeling and amplification of erbium–ytterbium co-doped phosphate glass waveguide amplifier with a cascaded multilayer medium thin film filter is investigated theoretically. This proposed filter consists of some different filtering unit cells with different central wavelength and bandwidth, and each cell can suppress certain peak gain at a specific wavelength. The intrinsical gain spectrum of amplifier is obtained by solving a set of rate and power propagation equations, the effect of transmittance spectrum of thin film filter on flattening gain is discussed, and the transmission function of cascaded multilayer medium thin film filter is obtained.

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Trinh, Van-Son, Jeong-Moon Song, and Jung-Dong Park. "A 280 GHz 30GHz Bandwidth Cascaded Amplifier Using Flexible Interstage Matching Strategy in 130 nm SiGe Technology." Electronics 11, no. 19 (2022): 3045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193045.

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This paper presents a 280 GHz amplifier design strategy for a robust multistage amplifier in a sub-Terahertz (sub-THz) regime in 130 nm SiGe technology. The presented 280 GHz amplifier consists of 14 stages of the cascaded common emitter (CE) amplifier which offers a compact and improved-noise design due to the absence of the area-expensive and lossy baluns at such high frequencies. The interstage-matching network was flexibly constructed with two separate resonant tanks using metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors and microstrip transmission lines (MSTLs) between each stage. The measured amplifier achieved a peak power gain of 10.9 dB at 283 GHz and a 3 dB gain of bandwidth of 30 GHz between 270 and 300 GHz. The peak output power of the amplifier was 0.8 dBm with an output of 1 dB gain compression point (OP1dB) of -3.6 dBm in simulation. The 14-stage amplifier consumes an area of 0.213 mm2, including all the pads. With the proposed interstage matching approach, a well-balanced 280 GHz amplifier has been demonstrated. The proposed design strategy is widely applicable to sub-THz receivers for future wireless communication systems.

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Li, Li Yi, Qi Ming Chen, Jia Xi Liu, He Zhu, and Guang Jun Tan. "The Research on Switch-Linear Hybrid of Precise Current Source." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.559.

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In this paper, a novel current control strategy of precise current source is presented, which combines switch power conversion mode with linear amplification mode. The linear power amplifier is used as the power converter in the current loop. The current controller is a double cascaded PI (DCPI) controller which is put up by the way of analog circuit, it can suppress the high frequency disturbance signal effectively. The switch-filter circuit can generate a special power supply for linear power amplifier, the voltage of this special power supply changes as the load voltage does. The topology of four-level H-Bridge works as the power converter of the switch power amplifier, the LC filter circuit can eliminate the current ripple caused by the PWM chopper.The simulation and experimental results verify that the Switch-Linear Hybrid (SLH) scheme is of high efficiency and output quality. The bandwidth of the precise current source is 5.4 kHz and the phase margin is 42 degree.

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Narayana, M., Raghu Ram Reddy, and N. Hyndavi Reddy. "High speed script execution for GUI automation using computer vision." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (2019): 231–36. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp231-236.

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The paper aims at designing of two stage cascaded ultra-wideband (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) by using negative image amplifier technique. The objective of this article is to show the performance improvement using negative image amplifier technique and realization of negative valued lumped elements into microstrip line geometry. The innovative technique to realize the negative lumped elements are carried out by using Richard’s Transformation and transmission line calculation. The AWR microwave office tool is used to obtain characteristics of UWB LNA design with hybrid microwave integrated circuit (HMIC) technology. The 2-stage cascaded LNA design using negative image amplifier technique achieves average gain of 23dB gain and low noise figure of less than 2dB with return loss less than - 8dB for UWB 3-10GHz. The Proper bias circuit is extracted using DC characteristics of transistor at biasing point 2V, 20mA and discussed in detail with LNA layout. The negative image matching technique is applied for both input and output matching network. This work will be useful for all low power UWB wireless receiver applications.

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Aa-Daaryeb Nounyah, Joshua, Bernice Ansu Pormaa, Emmanuel Mensah, Abdul-Rahman Ahmed, and Raymond Gyaang. "Design of a Class AB Power Amplifier For 5G Applications." Vokasi Unesa Bulletin of Engineering, Technology and Applied Science 2, no. 2 (2025): 252–69. https://doi.org/10.26740/vubeta.v2i2.37801.

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This work discusses the utilization of GaN HEMT technology on Rogers substrate in the design as well as the analysis of a 200 MHz Class AB power amplifier tailored for use in the 5G sub 6 GHz frequency band, specifically targeting 2.4 GHz applications. Matching networks were devised employing cascaded L-section microstrip transmission lines, meticulously optimized for optimum output power, return loss, and PAE. The amplifier’s performance aligned exceptionally well with theoretical predictions. Electromagnetic simulation results showed a small signal gain of 13.634 dB with return losses maintaining below -12 dB across the desired operational bandwidth. Also, a power output of 40.052 dBm for a 29 dBm input power was obtained, coupled with a PAE of 54.148%. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the design approach in producing substantial power with heightened efficiency. Furthermore, the design exhibited enhanced linearity, even in the absence of commonly utilized feedback networks such as voltage dividers or emitter/source degeneration due to the inherent robustness of the proposed design. The meticulous optimization of matching networks and the adept utilization of simulation tools have culminated in a design boasting exceptional output power, efficiency, and linearity, thereby advancing the frontier of amplifier design for next-generation wireless communications.

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Zhuge, Tianxiang, and Yulu Hu. "Design of a Novel High Power V-Band Helix-Folded Waveguide Cascaded Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/846425.

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A design of a V-band Helix-Folded Waveguide (H-FWG) cascaded traveling wave tube (TWT) is presented. In this cascaded structure, a digitized nonlinear theory model is put forward first to simulate these two types of the tubes by common process. Then, an initial design principle is proposed, which can design these two different kinds of tubes universally. Using this principle, a high-gain helix TWT is carefully designed as a first stage amplifier followed by a FWG TWT to obtain high power. Simulations predict that a peak power of 800 W with saturated gain of 60 dB from 55 GHz to 60 GHz can be achieved.

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Yang, Fuxiang, Fangchao Dang, Xingjun Ge, Juntao He, Jinchuan Ju, and Xiaoping Zhang. "A compact coaxial relativistic klystron amplifier with three cascaded single-gap bunching cavities for efficient output." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 9 (2022): 093111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109774.

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A compact coaxial relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) with three cascaded bunching cavities is investigated to obtain high efficiency output in this paper. When the injection power and drift tube length are both decreased for the compactness of the initial coaxial RKA, the conversion efficiency of this device decreases to only 20%, which is mainly due to the insufficient modulation of intense relativistic electron beam (IREB). To solve this issue, three cascaded bunching cavities are designed to strengthen the modulation of IREB, and each bunching cavity is designed to a non-uniform single-gap cavity with a high external quality factor. Moreover, a specific drift tube length is chosen for minimizing the TEM mode leakage between every two adjacent cavities. With these methods, the self-oscillation between input and three cascaded bunching cavities can be successfully suppressed without loading any reflectors. The proposed three cascaded single-gap bunching cavities are further examined in a Ku-band coaxial RKA, and the output efficiency of this device increases to 44%, which is more than twice that of the initial coaxial RKA. Furthermore, the injection power and axial length of the propagating IREB in the improved coaxial RKA are reduced to only 5 kW and 10 wavelengths, respectively.

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Ramiah, Harikrishnan, U. Eswaran, and J. Kanesan. "A high gain and high linearity class-AB power amplifier for WCDMA applications." Microelectronics International 31, no. 1 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-09-2012-0069.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to design and realize a high gain power amplifier (PA) with low output back-off power using the InGaP/GaAs HBT process for WCDMA applications from 1.85 to 1.91 GHz. Design/methodology/approach – A three stages cascaded PA is designed which observes a high power gain. A 100 mA of quiescent current helps the PA to operate efficiently. The final stage device dimension has been selected diligently in order to deliver a high output power. The inter-stage match between the driver and main stage has been designed to provide maximum power transfer. The output matching network is constructed to deliver a high linear output power which meets the WCDMA adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) requirement of −33 dBc close to the 1 dB gain compression point. Findings – With the cascaded topology, a maximum 31.3 dB of gain is achieved at 1.9 GHz. S11 of less than −18 dB is achieved across the operating frequency band. The maximum output power is indicated to be 32.7 dBm. An ACLR of −33 dBc is achieved at maximum linear output power of 31 dBm. Practical implications – The designed PA is an excellent candidate to be employed in the WCDMA transmitter chain without the aid of additional driver amplifier and linearization circuits. Originality/value – In this work, a fully integrated GaAs HBT PA has been implemented which is capable to operate linearly close to its 1 dB gain compression point.

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Lee, Yong-Sub, Mun-Woo Lee, Sang-Ho Kam, and Yoon-Ha Jeong. "A High-Linearity Wideband Power Amplifier With Cascaded Third-Order Analog Predistorters." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 20, no. 2 (2010): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2009.2038557.

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Yang, Fuxiang, Fangchao Dang, Xingjun Ge, Juntao He, Jinchuan Ju, and Xiaoping Zhang. "Excitation and suppression of asymmetric modes in a coaxial relativistic klystron amplifier with cascaded single-gap bunching cavities." AIP Advances 12, no. 11 (2022): 115219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112068.

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The excitation and suppression of asymmetric modes in a coaxial relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) with cascaded single-gap bunching cavities are analyzed in this paper. Through theoretical analysis and simulated verification, we find that the asymmetric modes of cascaded single-gap bunching cavities have low external quality factors, the same resonant frequencies, and negative beam-loading conductance ratios so that they are easily excited by the electron beam. To solve this issue, a feasible method is proposed in this paper to suppress the asymmetric modes of cascaded single-gap bunching cavities, under the conditions of decreasing their coupling coefficients and increasing the frequency separation, choosing an appropriate drift tube length between them. These improved bunching cavities are further examined in an X-band coaxial RKA by 3D particle-in-cell simulation, which shows that high power microwaves with a power of 0.8 GW are generated corresponding to an efficiency of 40%. Furthermore, there is no asymmetric mode competition during 150 ns of simulation time.

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Sawarkar, Kishor G., and Kushal R. Tuckley. "Negative image amplifier technique for performance enhancement of ultra wideband LNA." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp221-230.

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<span lang="EN-US">The paper aims at designing of two stage cascaded ultra-wideband (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) by using negative image amplifier technique. The objective of this article is to show the performance improvement using negative image amplifier technique and realization of negative valued lumped elements into microstrip line geometry. The innovative technique to realize the negative lumped elements are carried out by using Richard’s Transformation and transmission line calculation. The AWR microwave office tool is used to obtain characteristics of UWB LNA design with hybrid microwave integrated circuit (HMIC) technology. The 2-stage cascaded LNA design using negative image amplifier technique achieves average gain of 23dB gain and low noise figure of less than 2dB with return loss less than -8dB for UWB 3-10GHz. The Proper bias circuit is extracted using DC characteristics of transistor at biasing point 2V, 20mA and discussed in detail with LNA layout. The negative image matching technique is applied for both input and output matching network. This work will be useful for all low power UWB wireless receiver applications.</span>

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Guo, Biao, Baojian Wu, Feng Wen, and Kun Qiu. "Cascaded Nonlinear-Optical Loop Mirror-Based All-Optical PAM Regenerator." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2019): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010206.

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An all-optical regeneration scheme based on cascaded nonlinear-optical loop mirrors (NOLMs) for pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signals is proposed. The optimal working point (WP) of every NOLM can be set by means of the normalized power transfer function (NPTF) and normalized differential gain (NDG). As examples, the PAM-4 and PAM-8 regenerations based on cascaded two-NOLMs are demonstrated by optimizing the splitting ratios of the optical couplers and the gain coefficient of the inter-stage matching amplifier, achieving the Q-factor improvements of 25.32dB and 21.18dB, respectively. Compared to the conventional regenerator scheme, a 1.69dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain is achieved due to the flat power response within the regenerative range.

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Zhou, Shaohua, Shizhe Wei, and Jian Wang. "On-Chip Temperature Compensation for Small-Signal Gain Variation Reduction." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (2022): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071101.

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Power amplifier (PA) specifications are closely related to changes in temperature; thus, the small-signal gain (S21) of PA decreases with the temperature increase. To compensate for the degradation caused by the decrease in S21, we present a compensation circuit that consists of two diodes and four resistors. At the same time, a differential stacked millimeter-wave wideband PA was designed and implemented based on this compensation circuit and 55 nm CMOS process. The post-layout simulation results showed that the fluctuation of S21 reduced from 2.4 dB to 0.1 dB in the frequency range of 25−40 GHz over the temperature range of −40 °C to 125 °C. Furthermore, the proposed on-chip temperature compensation circuit also applies to multi-stage cascaded microwave/mm-wave power amplifiers.

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Lee, Y. J., C. Y. Chang, Y. H. Chou, et al. "X-Band GaN High-Power Amplifier Using Hybrid Power Combining Technique for SAR Applications." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 5 (2018): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i5.917.

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An X-band high-power amplifier (HPA) based on gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) has been developed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications. A hybrid power combining technique, including microstrip circuits and waveguides, is used to design the HPA. For reducing the size, four 50 W GaN HEMTs cascaded with one 1-to-4 power divider and one 4-to-1 power combiner form a 4-way power combined PCB circuits. For combing the high power and driving an antenna, two PCB circuits are combined by magic-T waveguides. The transmission efficiency of the power combining is approximately 80%. In the 10% duty cycle (pulse width 100 us), the output power of the HPA is over 200 W across the band of 9.5–9.8 GHz. The maximum output power is 230 W at 9.5 GHz, and the power gain is 8.3 dB at 46.1°C.

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Woyessa, Getinet, Kyei Kwarkye, Manoj K. Dasa, et al. "Power stable 15–105 µm cascaded mid-infrared supercontinuum laser without thulium amplifier." Optics Letters 46, no. 5 (2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.416123.

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Carlson, N. W., J. H. Abeles, D. P. Bour, et al. "Demonstration of monolithic, grating-surface-emitting laser master oscillator-cascaded power amplifier array." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2, no. 10 (1990): 708–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.60767.

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Abbasi, Arash, and Frederic Nabki. "Wideband Cascaded and Stacked Receiver Front-Ends Employing an Improved Clock-Strategy Technique." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 13, no. 1 (2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea13010014.

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A wideband cascaded receiver and a stacked receiver using an improved clock strategy are proposed to support the software-defined radio (SDR). The improved clock strategy reduces the number of mixer switches and the number of LO clock paths required to drive the mixer switches. This reduces the dynamic power consumption. The cascaded receiver includes an inverter-based low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) using a feed-forward technique to enhance the noise performance; a passive mixer; and an inverter-based transimpedance amplifier (TIA). The stacked receiver architecture is used to reduce the power consumption by sharing the current between the LNTA and the TIA from a single supply. It utilizes a wideband LNTA with a capacitor cross-coupled (CCC) common-gate (CG) topology, a passive mixer to convert the RF current to an IF current, an active inductor (AI) and a 1/f noise-cancellation (NC) technique to improve the noise performance, and a TIA to convert the IF current to an IF voltage at the output. Both cascaded and stacked receivers are simulated in 22 nm CMOS technology. The cascaded receiver achieves a conversion-gain from 26 dB to 36 dB, a double-sideband noise-figure (NFDSB) from 1.4 dB to 3.9 dB, S11<−10 dB and an IIP3 from −7.5 dBm to −10.5 dBm, over the RF operating band from 0.4 GHz to 12 GHz. The stacked receiver achieves a conversion-gain from 34.5 dB to 36 dB, a NFDSB from 4.6 dB to 6.2 dB, S11<−10 dB, and an IIP3 from −21 dBm to −17.5 dBm, over the RF operating band from 2.2 GHz to 3.2 GHz. The cascaded receiver consumes 11 m from a 1 V supply voltage, while the stacked receiver consumes 2.4 m from a 1.2 V supply voltage.

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Raheem, Mohammed Abdul, та K. Manjunathachari. "A Two Channel Analog Front end Design AFE Design with Continuous Time Σ-Δ Modulator for ECG Signal". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, № 6 (2018): 5041. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp5041-5049.

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In this context, the AFE with 2-channels is described, which has high impedance for low power application of bio-medical electrical activity. The challenge in obtaining accurate recordings of biomedical signals such as EEG/ECG to study the human body in research work. This paper is to propose Multi-Vt in AFE circuit design cascaded with CT modulator. The new architecture is anticipated with two dissimilar input signals filtered from 2-channel to one modulator. In this methodology, the amplifier is low powered multi-VT Analog Front-End which consumes less power by applying dual threshold voltage. Type -I category 2 channel signals of the first mode: 50 and 150 Hz amplified from AFE are given to 2nd CT sigma-delta ADC. Depict the SNR and SNDR as 63dB and 60dB respectively, consuming the power of 11mW. The design was simulated in a 0.18 um standard UMC CMOS process at 1.8V supply. The AFE measured frequency response from 50 Hz to 360 Hz, depict the SNR and SNDR as 63dB and 60dB respectively, consuming the power of 11mW. The design was simulated in 0.18 m standard UMC CMOS process at 1.8V supply. The AFE measured frequency response from 50 Hz to 360 Hz, programmable gains from 52.6 dB to 72 dB, input referred noise of 3.5 μV in the amplifier bandwidth, NEF of 3.

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Han, Jingyu, Yu Jiang, Guiliang Guo, and Xu Cheng. "A Reconfigurable Analog Baseband Circuitry for LFMCW RADAR Receivers in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS Process." Electronics 9, no. 5 (2020): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050831.

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A highly reconfigurable open-loop analog baseband circuitry with programmable gain, bandwidth and filter order are proposed for integrated linear frequency modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) radar receivers in this paper. This analog baseband chain allocates noise, gain and channel selection specifications to different stages, for the sake of noise and linearity tradeoffs, by introducing a multi-stage open-loop cascaded amplifier/filter topology. The topology includes a course gain tuning pre-amplifier, a folded Gilbert variable gain amplifier (VGA) with a symmetrical dB-linear voltage generator and a 10-bit R-2R DAC for fine gain tuning, a level shifter, a programmable Gm-C low pass filter, a DC offset cancellation circuit, two fixed gain amplifiers with bandwidth extension and a novel buffer amplifier with active peaking for testing purposes. The noise figure is reduced with the help of a low noise pre-amplifier stage, while the linearity is enhanced with a power-efficient buffer and a novel high linearity Gm-C filter. Specifically, the Gm-C filter improves its linearity specification with no increase in power consumption, thanks to an alteration of the trans-conductor/capacitor connection style, instead of pursuing high linearity but power-hungry class-AB trans-conductors. In addition, the logarithmic bandwidth tuning technique is adopted for capacitor array size minimization. The linear-in-dB and DAC gain control topology facilitates the analog baseband gain tuning accuracy and stability, which also provides an efficient access to digital baseband automatic gain control. The analog baseband chip is fabricated using 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. With a power consumption of 5.9~8.8 mW, the implemented circuit achieves a tunable gain range of −30~27 dB (DAC linear gain step guaranteed), a programmable −3 dB bandwidth of 18/19/20/21/22/23/24/25 MHz, a filter order of 3/6 and a gain resolution of better than 0.07 dB.

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Huang, Jhin Fang, Wen Cheng Lai, Kun Jie Huang, and Ron Yi Liu. "A Novel Dual-Mode Low Pass Sigma-Delta Modulator Chip Design for WCDMA and Bluetooth Applications." Advanced Materials Research 660 (February 2013): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.660.113.

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A dual-mode low pass sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulator at clock rates of 160 and 100 MHz respectively with cascaded integrators is presented for WCDMA and Bluetooth applications. One of main features is that cascaded integrators with feedback as well as distributed input coupling (CIFB) topology erase a summation amplifier and save power consumption. Another feature is that only one set loop filter is designed by switching capacitors to achieve a dual-mode function and greatly saves chip area. A prototype is fabricated in TSMC 0.18-m CMOS process. At the supply voltage of 1.8 V, measured results have achieved the SNDR of 42/33 dB over 1/2 MHz, respectively for Bluetooth/WCDMA. The chip dissipates a low power of 10.5 mW. Including pads the chip area is only 0.61 (0.71× 0.86) mm².

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Li, Hao, Wenxi Pei, Xuanxi Li, et al. "Cascaded All-Fiber Gas Raman Laser Oscillator in Deuterium-Filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers." Nanomaterials 14, no. 8 (2024): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14080661.

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Hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) provide an ideal transmission medium and experimental platform for laser–matter interaction. Here, we report a cascaded all-fiber gas Raman laser based on deuterium (D2)-filled HC-PCFs. D2 is sealed into a gas cavity formed by a 49 m-long HC-PCF and solid-core fibers, and two homemade fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with the Raman and pump wavelength, respectively, are further introduced. When pumped by a pulsed fiber amplifier at 1540 nm, the pure rotational stimulated Raman scattering of D2 occurs inside the cavity. The first-order Raman laser at 1645 nm can be obtained, realizing a maximum power of ~0.8 W. An all-fiber cascaded gas Raman laser oscillator is achieved by adding another 1645 nm high-reflectivity FBG at the output end of the cavity, reducing the peak power of the cascaded Raman threshold by 11.4%. The maximum cascaded Raman power of ~0.5 W is obtained when the pump source is at its maximum, and the corresponding conversion efficiency inside the cavity is 21.4%, which is 1.8 times that of the previous configuration. Moreover, the characteristics of the second-order Raman lasers at 1695 nm and 1730 nm are also studied thoroughly. This work provides a significant method for realizing all-fiber cascaded gas Raman lasers, which is beneficial for expanding the output wavelength of fiber gas lasers with a good stability and compactivity.

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Shin, Jong-Won, Milisav Danilovic, Yincan Mao, and Khai D. T. Ngo. "Bus Voltage Control of Cascaded Buck–Boost Power Amplifier Driving Inductive Load With 2.3-kW Peak Power." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32, no. 5 (2017): 4107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2016.2594053.

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Park, Hyeong-Geun, Van-Son Trinh, Mun-Kyo Lee, Bok-Hyung Lee, Kyoung-Il Na, and Jung-Dong Park. "A 32-GHz Eight-Way Power Amplifier MMIC in 150 nm GaN HEMT Technology." Electronics 12, no. 15 (2023): 3278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12153278.

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This paper presents a 32 GHz high-power amplifier (HPA) with a design strategy to achieve high-power output with reliable operation for Ka-band deep space satellite communication in 150 nm GaN HEMT technology. The presented Ka-band HPA employs a cascaded two-stage common source amplifier topology, and the output stage comprises an eight-way power combining network in the current mode. The interstage matching network is designed with the bandpass configuration utilizing capacitors and transmission lines to provide better stability at the low-frequency regime. The implemented Ka-band HPA achieved a power gain of 7.3 dB at the input level with the maximum PAE at 32 GHz, and the 3 dB gain bandwidth was 3.5 GHz (31.3~34.8 GHz). The saturated output power at the peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 19.3% was 38.2 dBm, and the output 1 dB gain compression point (OP1 dB) was 27.4 dBm in the measurement. The designed HPA consumes an area of 19.35 mm2 including RF pads and DC pads.

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Wang, Yanhu, Wei Ruan, Yuanjie Zhou, Mengchen Lu, Rui Teng, and Jiapeng Li. "A 64 dB-DR, 4.5 GHz-BW Logarithmic Amplifier for RSSI Measurement in 180 nm SiGe Process." Electronics 14, no. 5 (2025): 958. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14050958.

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For RSSI measurement of RF systems, a wide band, large dynamic range (DR), parallel-summation logarithmic amplifier is presented in this paper. The circuit adopts an 8-stage DC-coupled cascaded limiting amplifier structure. The output voltage of the limiting amplifier is converted into current through a rectifier to realize parallel summation. In order to reduce offset, this paper introduces offset reduction circuits in the gain and output stage, respectively. In addition, a log slope adjuster is proposed, which can achieve log slope control of different frequency inputs. The post-simulation results show that at a power supply voltage of 5 V, the 3 dB gain bandwidth is 4.5 GHz, the dynamic range reaches 64 dB, and the log error is less than ±1 dB. The overall circuit consumes 21 mA of current.

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Nagham, Gamal El-Feky, Mohamed Ellaithy Dina, and Hassan Fedawy Mostafa. "Ultra-wideband CMOS power amplifier for wireless body area network applications: a review." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (2023): 2618–31. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp2618-2631.

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A survey on ultra-wideband complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifiers for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications is presented in this paper. Formidable growth in the CMOS integrated circuits technology enhances the development in biomedical manufacture. WBAN is a promising mechanism that collects essential data from wearable sensors connected to the network and transmitted it wirelessly to a central patient monitoring station. The ultra-wideband (UWB) technology exploits the frequency band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and provides no interference to other communication systems, low power consumption, low-radiated power, and high data rate. These features permit it to be compatible with medical applications. The demand target is to have one transceiver integrated circuit (IC) for WBAN applications, consequently, UWB is utilized to decrease the hardware complexity. The power amplifier (PA) is the common electronic device that employing in the UWB transmitter to boost the input power to the desired output power and then feed it to the antenna of the transmitter. The advance in the design and implementation of ultra-wideband CMOS power amplifiers enhances the performance of the UWB-transceivers for WBAN applications. A review of recently published CMOS PA designs is reported in this paper with comparison tables listing wideband power amplifiers' performance.

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Ouremchi, Mounir, Karim El Khadiri, Ahmed Tahiri, and Hassan Qjidaa. "Design of a Novel Current Mode Charge Pump for Very-Low-Voltage Applications in 130 nm SOI-BCD Technology." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 15 (May 18, 2021): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.50.

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A novel charge pump with current mode control suitable to work under a very-low-voltage supply is proposed in this paper. The proposed charge pump consists of two sections. The first section is a power switches stage which consists of seven cascaded DEPMOS power switches. The second section is a low voltage stage which consists of a Low Voltage Level Shifter, Current Mode control, Follower Amplifier, Error Amplifier, Soft Start Comparator, and Skip mode & Over Voltage Comparator. The charge pump has been designed, simulated, and layout in Cadence using TSMC 130 nm SOI technology with LDMOS transistors, which have very low on-resistance. The input range of the charge pump is 2.7– 4.4 V, and it can supply up to 100 mA load current. The maximum efficiency is 90%, and the chip area is only 0.597 mm².

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Xu, Hui, Shuai Yuan, Zhengru Guo, et al. "Femtosecond Red and Near-Infrared Lasers Due to Cascaded-Raman-Assisted Four-Wave Mixing in a Nonlinear Yb-Doped Fiber Amplifier." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (2020): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020669.

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We demonstrated a straightforward approach to generate red and near-infrared laser emissions by a Raman-assisted four wave mixing (FWM) process in a nonlinear Yb-doped fiber amplifier, delivering 342 fs pulses of 241 nJ at 864 nm, 834 fs pulses of 21 nJ at 751 nm, and 1.9 ps pulses of 3.8 μJ at 1030 nm. A pair of gratings was employed as the pre-compressor to promote the intensity of the fundamental wave in the main amplifier. Multiple wavelengths from 751 to 1273 nm resulted due to cascaded-Raman-assisted FWM. The pre-compression also underlay the achievement of 25.1, 701, and 2000 kW peak power for the red (751 nm), near-infrared (864 nm), and fundamental (1030 nm) components respectively, which restrained the gain narrowing effect during the amplification. It finally led to shorter pulse duration under increased power.

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Sharma, Abhishek, Dheeraj Kalra, Manish Kumar, and Rajiv Bhatia. "Design of CMOS low noise amplifier with inductive degeneration for navigation application." Journal of Electrical Engineering 75, no. 6 (2024): 458–66. https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2024-0054.

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Abstract This paper presents an advanced Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) tailored for high-precision navigation applications, designed using the 180nm technology node and implemented in Cadence Virtuoso. The LNA features a single-ended amplifier configuration with cascaded NMOS transistors to achieve superior isolation and input matching through source degeneration, optimizing gain and noise performance. At 1.2 GHz, the amplifier achieves a gain of 33 dB and a noise figure of 1.3 dB. It demonstrates a 1 dB compression point of –16 dBm and a third-order intercept point (IIP3) of –10 dBm, with a power consumption of 44 mW from a 1.8 V supply. Post-layout simulations reflect a noise figure of 2.9 dB and a gain of 19.5 dB, highlighting practical design considerations. The layout area is 0.51 mm², underscoring the compact yet highly efficient design.

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Yang, Fuxiang, Fangchao Dang, Juntao He, Xiaoping Zhang, and Jinchuan Ju. "A Large Signal Theory of Multiple Cascaded Bunching Cavities for High-Efficiency Triaxial Klystron Amplifier." Electronics 10, no. 11 (2021): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111284.

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This paper presents a large signal theory of multiple cascaded bunching cavities for the design of high-efficiency triaxial klystron amplifiers (TKAs). The theoretical analysis of multiple cascaded bunching cavities is presented, focusing on the relationship between gap voltage and first harmonic current and velocity dispersion, which can exactly describe the clustering state of intense relativistic electron beams. The theoretical results of the first harmonic current and velocity dispersion are basically consistent with its simulation results, which can justify a high degree of confidence in the validity of that theory. This theory can predict the possibility of deep modulation of intense relativistic electron beams when the depth of the first harmonic current is about 150% by multiple cascaded bunching cavities. By properly accounting for this theory, we can design a Ku-band TKA with nearly 60% microwave conversion efficiency, which can provide theoretical and simulation guidance for the design of high-efficiency TKAs. More importantly, when we increase the electron beam voltage from 300 kV to 600 kV and keep the relativistic perveance constant, this device also can obtain more than 50% efficiency and 40 dB gain. As a result, we can design a Ku-band TKA with high average output power of about 1.5 GW, 52% efficiency and 46 dB gain.

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