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Journal articles on the topic 'Cascadia subduction zone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Gao, Haiying, and Maureen D. Long. "Tectonics and Geodynamics of the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Elements 18, no. 4 (2022): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.4.226.

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The Cascadia subduction zone, where the young and thin oceanic Juan de Fuca plate sinks beneath western North America, represents a thermally hot endmember of global subduction systems. Cascadia exhibits complex and three-dimensional heterogeneities including variable coupling between the overriding and downgoing plates, the amount of water carried within and released by the oceanic plate, flow patterns within the mantle wedge and backarc, and the continuity and depth extent of the subducting slab. While recent research has benefitted from extensive onshore and offshore deployments of geophysi

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2

Kent, Adam J. R., and Josef Dufek. "Cascadia: Subduction and People." Elements 18, no. 4 (2022): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.4.221.

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The well-studied Cascadia subduction zone has enriched our general understanding of global subduction zones. This Elements issue explores the interconnected set of processes that link geodynamics, tectonics, and magmatism at depth and the surface expressions of these processes, which shape the landscape and give rise to natural hazards in the Cascadia region. This issue also addresses the impact of subduction zone processes on human populations using cultural records, and reviews the state of knowledge of Cascadia while highlighting some key outstanding research questions.

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3

Rogers, Garry C. "An assessment of the megathrust earthquake potential of the Cascadia subduction zone." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 6 (1988): 844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-083.

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The active tectonic setting of the southwest coast of Canada and the Pacific northwest coast of the United states is dominated by the Cascadia subduction zone. The zone can be divided into four segments where oceanic lithosphere is converging independently with the North American plate: the Winona and the Explorer segments in the north, the larger Juan de Fuca segment that extends into both Canada and the United States, and the Gorda segment in the south. The oceanic lithosphere entering the Cascadia subduction zone in all segments is extremely young, less than 10 Ma. Of the other six zones ar

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4

Schmalzle, Gina M., Robert McCaffrey, and Kenneth C. Creager. "Central Cascadia subduction zone creep." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 15, no. 4 (2014): 1515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013gc005172.

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5

Janiszewski, Helen A., James B. Gaherty, Geoffrey A. Abers, Haiying Gao, and Zachary C. Eilon. "Amphibious surface-wave phase-velocity measurements of the Cascadia subduction zone." Geophysical Journal International 217, no. 3 (2019): 1929–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz051.

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SUMMARY A new amphibious seismic data set from the Cascadia subduction zone is used to characterize the lithosphere structure from the Juan de Fuca ridge to the Cascades backarc. These seismic data are allowing the imaging of an entire tectonic plate from its creation at the ridge through the onset of the subduction to beyond the volcanic arc, along the entire strike of the Cascadia subduction zone. We develop a tilt and compliance correction procedure for ocean-bottom seismometers that employs automated quality control to calculate robust station noise properties. To elucidate crust and upper

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6

Moore, Nicole E., and Lynn Robinson. "The Role of Subduction Zone Processes in the Cultural History of the Cascade Region." Elements 18, no. 4 (2022): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.4.246.

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The Cascadia subduction zone continuously shapes the landscape of the Pacific Northwest of North America and the cultures of its inhabitants. The impacts of subduction processes on Pacific Northwest societies and cultures are varied, but Native Americans and European settler cultures alike have described geological processes through oral histories and have relied on resources provided by the subduction zone. Indigenous peoples focus many aspects of their religious practices and art around the geohazards of the Cascadia region, and our melded modern cultures continue to take part in storytellin

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7

Li, Duo, and Yajing Liu. "Cascadia megathrust earthquake rupture model constrained by geodetic fault locking." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2196 (2021): 20200135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0135.

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Paleo-earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone inferred from offshore sediments and Japan coastal tsunami deposits approximated to M9+ and ruptured the entire margin. However, due to the lack of modern megathrust earthquake records and general quiescence of subduction fault seismicity, the potential megathrust rupture scenario and influence of downdip limit of the seismogenic zone are still obscure. In this study, we present a numerical simulation of Cascadia subduction zone earthquake sequences in the laboratory-derived rate-and-state friction framework to investigate the potential infl

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8

Farahbod, Amir Mansour, Andrew J. Calvert, John F. Cassidy, and Camille Brillon. "CodaQin the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 106, no. 5 (2016): 1939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120160058.

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9

Minor, Rick, and Wendy C. Grant. "Earthquake-Induced Subsidence and Burial of Late Holocene Archaeological Sites, Northern Oregon Coast." American Antiquity 61, no. 4 (1996): 772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282017.

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Fire hearths associated with prehistoric Native American occupation lie within the youngest buried lowland soil of the estuaries along the Salmon and Nehalem rivers on the northern Oregon coast. This buried soil is the result of sudden subsidence induced by a great earthquake about 300 years ago along the Cascadia subduction zone, which extends offshore along the North Pacific Coast from Vancouver Island to northern California. The earthquake 300 years ago was the latest in a series of subsidence events along the Cascadia subduction zone over the last several thousand years. Over the long term

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10

Westby, Elizabeth G., Andrew Meigs, and Chris Goldfinger. "Volcano, Earthquake, and Tsunami Hazards of the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Elements 18, no. 4 (2022): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.4.251.

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Subduction zones produce some of Earth’s most devastating geological events. Recent eruptions of Mount St. Helens and great earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan and Sumatra provide stark examples of the destructive power of subduction-related hazards. In the Cascadia subduction zone, large earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions have occurred in the past and geologic records imply that these events will occur in the future. As the population and infrastructure increase in the region, resilience to these natural hazards requires a detailed scientific understanding of the geologic forces and

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11

Lindell, Michael K., Carla S. Prater, and Donald H. House. "Cascadia Subduction Zone Residents’ Tsunami Evacuation Expectations." Geosciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12050189.

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The U.S. Pacific Northwest coast must be prepared to evacuate immediately after a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake. This requires coastal residents to understand the tsunami threat, have accurate expectations about warning sources, engage in preimpact evacuation preparedness actions, and plan (and practice) their evacuation logistics, including an appropriate transportation mode, evacuation route, and destination. A survey of 221 residents in three communities identified areas in which many coastal residents have reached adequate levels of preparedness. Moreover, residents who are not adequ

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12

Lindell, Michael K., Carla S. Prater, and Donald H. House. "Cascadia Subduction Zone Residents’ Tsunami Evacuation Expectations." Geosciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12050189.

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The U.S. Pacific Northwest coast must be prepared to evacuate immediately after a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake. This requires coastal residents to understand the tsunami threat, have accurate expectations about warning sources, engage in preimpact evacuation preparedness actions, and plan (and practice) their evacuation logistics, including an appropriate transportation mode, evacuation route, and destination. A survey of 221 residents in three communities identified areas in which many coastal residents have reached adequate levels of preparedness. Moreover, residents who are not adequ

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13

Zhao, Dapeng, and Yuanyuan Hua. "Anisotropic tomography of the Cascadia subduction zone." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 318 (September 2021): 106767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2021.106767.

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14

Murray, Mark H., and Michael Lisowski. "Strain accumulation along the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Geophysical Research Letters 27, no. 22 (2000): 3631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999gl011127.

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15

Rogers, Garry C. "Seismic potential of the Cascadia subduction zone." Nature 332, no. 6159 (1988): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/332017a0.

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16

HEATON, T. H., and S. H. HARTZELL. "Earthquake Hazards on the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Science 236, no. 4798 (1987): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.236.4798.162.

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17

Tremblay, R. "Development of design spectra for long-duration ground motions from Cascadia subduction earthquakes." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 6 (1998): 1078–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-028.

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There is now growing evidence that large-magnitude earthquakes have occurred and could occur again along the Cascadia subduction zone located west of Vancouver Island, Bristish Columbia. Numerical simulations indicate that these earthquakes would produce long-duration ground motions and would thus be capable of inducing a large number of reversals of inelastic deformations in engineered structures. Efforts have now been undertaken to account for this damage potential in building codes. In this paper, inelastic design spectra are developed for Cascadia subduction earthquakes for four sites in B

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18

Nelson, Alan R., Harvey M. Kelsey, and Robert C. Witter. "Great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone." Quaternary Research 65, no. 3 (2006): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.009.

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AbstractComparison of histories of great earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis at eight coastal sites suggests plate-boundary ruptures of varying length, implying great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone. Inference of rupture length relies on degree of overlap on radiocarbon age ranges for earthquakes and tsunamis, and relative amounts of coseismic subsidence and heights of tsunamis. Written records of a tsunami in Japan provide the most conclusive evidence for rupture of much of the plate boundary during the earthquake of 26 January 1700. Cascadia stratigraphic

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19

Miller, M. M. "Periodic Slow Earthquakes from the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Science 295, no. 5564 (2002): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1071193.

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20

Mofjeld, Harold O., Michael G. G. Foreman, and Alan Ruffman. "West Coast tides during Cascadia Subduction Zone tsunamis." Geophysical Research Letters 24, no. 17 (1997): 2215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97gl02060.

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21

Marsh, M. Lee, and Christopher M. Gianotti. "Inelastic Structural Response to Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 11, no. 1 (1995): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585803.

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The effects of postulated Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes on inelastic structural response are examined. The earthquakes considered ranged in size from those previously recorded to the largest plausible event, a magnitude 9.5 earthquake. Artificial acceleration records were generated and used as input for inelastic response history analyses of single-degree-of-freedom systems with bilinear or degrading stiffness hysteretic relationships. The results indicate that the maximum displacements are not significantly greater than those produced by previously recorded events. The inelastic energy

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22

Atwater, Brian F., Bobb Carson, Gary B. Griggs, H. Paul Johnson, and Marie S. Salmi. "Rethinking turbidite paleoseismology along the Cascadia subduction zone." Geology 42, no. 9 (2014): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g35902.1.

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23

James, Thomas S., John J. Clague, Kelin Wang, and Ian Hutchinson. "Postglacial rebound at the northern Cascadia subduction zone." Quaternary Science Reviews 19, no. 14-15 (2000): 1527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-3791(00)00076-7.

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24

Gosselin, Jeremy M., Pascal Audet, Clément Estève, Morgan McLellan, Stephen G. Mosher, and Andrew J. Schaeffer. "Seismic evidence for megathrust fault-valve behavior during episodic tremor and slip." Science Advances 6, no. 4 (2020): eaay5174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay5174.

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Fault slip behavior during episodic tremor and slow slip (ETS) events, which occur at the deep extension of subduction zone megathrust faults, is believed to be related to cyclic fluid processes that necessitate fluctuations in pore-fluid pressures. In most subduction zones, a layer of anomalously low seismic wave velocities [low-velocity layer (LVL)] is observed in the vicinity of ETS and suggests high pore-fluid pressures that weaken the megathrust. Using repeated seismic scattering observations in the Cascadia subduction zone, we observe a change in the seismic velocity associated with the

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25

Lemenkova, Polina. "Applying Automatic Mapping Processing by GMT to Bathymetric and Geophysical Data: Cascadia Subduction Zone, Pacific Ocean." Journal of Environmental Geography 13, no. 3-4 (2021): 15–26. https://doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2020-0008.

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The Cascadia Trench is stretching along the convergent plate boundaries of Pacific Plate, North America Plate and Juan De Fuca Plate. It is an important geomorphological structural feature in the north-east Pacific Ocean. The aim of the paper is to analyse the geomorphology of the Cascadia Trench west of Vancouver Island (Canada and USA) using the GMT cartographic scripting toolset. The unique geomorphological feature of the Cascadia Trench is that the thick sediment layer completely obscures the subduction zone and abyssal hills. This results in the asymmetric profile in the cross-section of

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26

Cassidy, J. F., and A. Whitford. "Unusual "Love Waves" Recorded Above the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Seismological Research Letters 67, no. 6 (1996): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.67.6.49.

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27

Cassidy, John F., and Robert M. Ellis. "Swave velocity structure of the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 98, B3 (1993): 4407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92jb02696.

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28

Nicholson, T., M. Bostock, and J. F. Cassidy. "New constraints on subduction zone structure in northern Cascadia." Geophysical Journal International 161, no. 3 (2005): 849–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2005.02605.x.

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29

Clague, John J. "Evidence for large earthquakes at the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Reviews of Geophysics 35, no. 4 (1997): 439–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97rg00222.

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30

Ramachandran, K., R. D. Hyndman, and T. M. Brocher. "RegionalPwave velocity structure of the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 111, B12 (2006): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005jb004108.

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31

CLARKE, S. H., and G. A. CARVER. "Late Holocene Tectonics and Paleoseismicity, Southern Cascadia Subduction Zone." Science 255, no. 5041 (1992): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.255.5041.188.

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32

Bostock, M. G., and J. C. Vandecar. "Upper mantle structure of the northern Cascadia subduction zone." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 1 (1995): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-001.

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Previous knowledge of the structure of the Cascadia subduction zone north of the Canada–United States border has been derived from a variety of geophysical studies that accurately delineated the downgoing Juan de Fuca plate from the offshore deformation front to depths of ~50–60 km beneath south-central Vancouver Island and the Georgia Strait. Little is known, however, of the structure of the Cascadia subduction zone farther westward and to greater depths in the upper mantle. We have assembled a set of some 1100 teleseismic traveltimes from events recorded on the Western Canadian Telemetered N

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33

Magna, Tomáš, Uwe Wiechert, Timothy L. Grove, and Alex N. Halliday. "Lithium isotope fractionation in the southern Cascadia subduction zone." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 250, no. 3-4 (2006): 428–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.08.019.

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34

Matharu, G., M. G. Bostock, N. I. Christensen, and Jeroen Tromp. "Crustal anisotropy in a subduction zone forearc: Northern Cascadia." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119, no. 9 (2014): 7058–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011321.

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35

Acharya, Hemendra. "Comparison of seismicity parameters in different subduction zones and its implications for the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Journal of Geophysical Research 97, B6 (1992): 8831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92jb00069.

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36

Weinmann, Riley, Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez, and Ted K. A. Brekken. "Toward Models of Impact and Recovery of the US Western Grid from Earthquake Events." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249275.

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A Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake will cause widespread damage to numerous lifelines and infrastructure along the northern US west coast. The goal of the presented research is to provide a bottom up estimate of the impact on and subsequent recovery of a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake on the US western grid to supplement and enhance the expert opinion estimates provided to date. The scope is limited to only consideration of shaking damage to utility substation equipment components of a power system model. The analysis utilizes probabilistic models of damage and recovery for subst

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37

Wirth, Erin A., Alex Grant, Nasser A. Marafi, and Arthur D. Frankel. "Ensemble ShakeMaps for Magnitude 9 Earthquakes on the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 1 (2020): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200240.

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Abstract We develop ensemble ShakeMaps for various magnitude 9 (M 9) earthquakes on the Cascadia megathrust. Ground-shaking estimates are based on 30 M 9 Cascadia earthquake scenarios, which were selected using a logic-tree approach that varied the hypocenter location, down-dip rupture limit, slip distribution, and location of strong-motion-generating subevents. In a previous work, Frankel et al. (2018) used a hybrid approach (i.e., 3D deterministic simulations for frequencies &lt;1 Hz and stochastic synthetics for frequencies &gt;1 Hz) and uniform site amplification factors to create

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38

Clague, John J., and Peter T. Bobrowsky. "Evidence for a Large Earthquake and Tsunami 100-400 Years Ago on Western Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Quaternary Research 41, no. 2 (1994): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1019.

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AbstractA peaty marsh soil is sharply overlain by a sand sheet and intertidal mud at tidal marshes near Tofino and Ucluelet, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Foraminifera and vascular plant fossils show that the buried soil was submerged suddenly and was covered quickly by sand. Radiocarbon ages place this event between 100 and 400 yr ago. The coastal subsidence suggested by the submergence occurred in an area of net late Holocene emergence, perhaps during the most recent great earthquake on the northern part of the Cascadia subduction zone. The sand sheet overlying the peaty soil records t

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39

Atwater, Brian F., Minze Stuiver, and David K. Yamaguchi. "Radiocarbon test of earthquake magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone." Nature 353, no. 6340 (1991): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353156a0.

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40

Romanyuk, T. V., R. Blakely, and W. D. Mooney. "The Cascadia subduction zone: Two contrasting models of lithospheric structure." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 23, no. 3 (1998): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-1946(98)00028-7.

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41

Flueh, Ernst, Michael Fisher, David Scholl, et al. "Scientific teams analyze earthquake hazards of the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 78, no. 15 (1997): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97eo00097.

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42

McCaffrey, Robert, Maureen D. Long, Chris Goldfinger, et al. "Rotation and plate locking at the Southern Cascadia Subduction Zone." Geophysical Research Letters 27, no. 19 (2000): 3117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011768.

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43

Naumoski, Nove, M. S. Cheung, and S. Foo. "Evaluation of the seismic response coefficient introduced in the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 6 (2000): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-058.

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This paper describes results from an evaluation study of the elastic seismic response coefficient introduced in the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. The evaluation is conducted by comparing the seismic response coefficient with (i) uniform hazard spectra for selected cities in eastern and western Canada, (ii) spectra of numerically simulated ground motions for sites in British Columbia for scenario earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone, (iii) spectra of the 1988 Saguenay, Quebec, earthquake records and selected ensembles of recorded accelerograms from strong earthquakes around the wo

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44

Lemenkova, Polina. "Applying Automatic Mapping Processing By GMT to Bathymetric and Geophysical Data: Cascadia Subduction Zone, Pacific Ocean." Journal of Environmental Geography 13, no. 3-4 (2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2020-0008.

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Abstract The Cascadia Trench is stretching along the convergent plate boundaries of Pacific Plate, North America Plate and Juan De Fuca Plate. It is an important geomorphological structural feature in the north-east Pacific Ocean. The aim of the paper is to analyse the geomorphology of the Cascadia Trench west of Vancouver Island (Canada and USA) using the GMT cartographic scripting toolset. The unique geomorphological feature of the Cascadia Trench is that the thick sediment layer completely obscures the subduction zone and abyssal hills. This results in the asymmetric profile in the cross-se

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45

Calvert, A. J. "Seismic reflection constraints on imbrication and underplating of the northern Cascadia convergent margin." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 9 (1996): 1294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e96-098.

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An interpretation of the deep structure of the continental shelf offshore southern Vancouver Island, subject to constraints from other geophysical data, is derived by combining seismic reflection profiles shot in 1989 with those from an earlier 1985 survey. Accretionary wedge sediments, which extend landward beneath the volcanic Crescent terrane, comprise two primary units, both of which have shortened through duplex formation. The maximum thickness of the Crescent terrane, 6–8 km, occurs just seaward of its contact with the inboard, largely metasedimentary Pacific Rim terrane. The E region of

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46

Stern, Robert J., and Trevor A. Dumitru. "Eocene initiation of the Cascadia subduction zone: A second example of plume-induced subduction initiation?" Geosphere 15, no. 3 (2019): 659–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02050.1.

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47

Kulkarni, R., I. Wong, J. Zachariasen, C. Goldfinger, and M. Lawrence. "Statistical Analyses of Great Earthquake Recurrence along the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 103, no. 6 (2013): 3205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120105.

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48

Flesch, Lucy M. "A possible “window of escape” in the southern Cascadia subduction zone." Geology 35, no. 10 (2007): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/focus102007.1.

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49

Gomberg, J., K. Creager, J. Sweet, J. Vidale, A. Ghosh, and A. Hotovec. "Earthquake spectra and near-source attenuation in the Cascadia subduction zone." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 117, B5 (2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011jb009055.

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50

Wang, Kelin, Jiangheng He, Herb Dragert, and Thomas S. James. "Three-dimensional viscoelastic interseismic deformation model for the Cascadia subduction zone." Earth, Planets and Space 53, no. 4 (2001): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03352386.

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