Academic literature on the topic 'Case Detection Rate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Case Detection Rate"
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Nelison, Wonda, Rantetampang A.L., and Msen Yermia. "Case Detection Rate by Health Employee Tuberculosis Program in Puncakjaya District." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 4, no. 1 (2019): 190–201. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3932818.
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<strong>Introduction</strong>: case detection (CDR) of tuberculosis in Puncak Jaya District is still low from the national target achievement of 70% due to barriers to human resources, training, methods, active suspicious TB screening, geographical location, costs, facilities and infrastructure and supervision. <strong>Research of subject:</strong> to determine Case Detection Rate (CDR) by officers in the Tuberculosis Program in Puncak Jaya District Methods: Qualitatively conducted in August 2018 at the Puncak Jaya District Health Office, Illu and Mulia Health Centers. Informants as many as 9 informants were obtained by in-depth interviews and analyzed qualitatively. <strong>Results</strong>: Lack of human resources in the implementation of Case Detection Rate (CDR) and adequate personnel in hospitals and two health centers (Illu and Mulia Health Center) and are still minimal in finding positive smear drivers who live at home. The training went well and but was not evenly distributed for all existing health workers causing a lack of maximum performance in the Case Detection Rate (CDR). The method refers to the Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) strategy. Screening suspected TB was done passively through case finding promotion so that it was considered ineffective. Geographical location is an obstacle for officers in suspicious positive AFB screening due to the location of houses that are far and difficult to reach by land transportation and security issues. Costs are quite adequate in the provision of P2TB in the Puskesmas during examination and treatment but are not adequate in suspect screening. Facilities and infrastructure are sufficient in conducting inspections at health centers, medicines, health check-ups and transportation facilities in mobile health center activities. Supervision is good and there are obstacles that cannot be resolved due to conditions of land transportation, costs, low awareness of the community and security.
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Maria, Bernadeta Lefaa, Rantetampang A.L., and Sandjaja Bernard. "The Factor's Determinant Influencing Case Detection Rate by Health Employee Public Health Centre in Sub Province Mimika." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 3, no. 2 (2018): 109–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3936571.
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<strong>Introduction:</strong>Tuberculosis is a disease of infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with high of risk infection. So, the preventive is to take the tuberculosis disease by health public centre with case detection rate, but still low the case detection rate in Mimika Regency. <strong>Target:</strong> to knowing the factors affecting of performance health employee tuberculosis with case detection rate at public health center Mimika regency <strong>Method:</strong> Analytic of observational with cross sectional study design. Research executed on 16 April until 18 June 2018 in Public health centre Mimika Regency with population is health employee of tuberculosis as much 30 people as sampling. Data approach used questionnaire and analysed by Chi square test. <strong>Result of research:</strong> The factors not affecting of case detection rate at Public Health Center Mimika Regency are age (<em>p-value</em> 0,101; RP = 2,545; CI95% (0,736– 8,805), studies (<em>p-value</em> 1,000; RP = 1,154; CI95% (0,514 – 2,590), gender (<em>p-value</em> 1,000; RP = 1,111; CI95% (0,551 – 2,239), long work (<em>p-value</em> 0,689; RP = 1,250; CI95% (0,633 – 2,468), training (<em>p-value</em> 0,072; RP = 2,294; CI95% (0,960 – 5,483), double job (<em>p-value</em>= 0,072; RP = 2,294; CI95% (0,960 – 5,483), knowledge (<em>p-value</em> = 0,086; RP = 1,971; CI95% (1,131 – 3,436), motivation (­<em>p-value</em>= 0,-058; RP = 2,000; CI95% (1,076 – 3,717), attitude (<em>p-value</em> 0,136; RP = 1,905; CI95% (0,933 – 3,890) and supervisor (0,058 = RP = 2,000; CI95% (1,076 – 3,717). And then the factors affecting of case detection rate by health officer at Public Health Center Mimika Regency is supervisor ((<em>p-value</em> = 0,003; RP = 3,429; CI95% (1,429 – 8,227). The determinant factor of influencing case detection rate by health employee public health centre sub province mimika is supervisor.
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López-Varela, Elisa, Orvalho Joaquim Augusto, Luis Guerra, et al. "Low paediatric tuberculosis case detection rate in Southern Mozambique." European Respiratory Journal 47, no. 3 (2015): 1003–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01454-2015.
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Chandra, Mani, and Singh Munendra. "Detection and Analysis of Heart Rate during Arrhythmia." Journal of Biological Engineering Research and Review 4, no. 1 (2017): 14–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15339089.
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<strong>Abstract: </strong>In this work, an algorithm has been developed for the analysis of heart rhythm and detection of sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia and atrial fibrillation. The proposed algorithm analysis the heart rhythm and heart rate of ECG dataset using P wave. The rhythm is identified regular with very high heart rate for sinus tachycardia, whereas very low heart rate for sinus bradycardia. The proposed algorithm detected the R-R intervals present in ECG data are irregular, and P wave is abnormal for atrial fibrillation. The results show that in normal ECG sample, the R-R interval of consecutive R peaks is normally constant and the variation in the heart rate is 7.5%. In the case of abnormal ECG sample, R-R intervals of consecutive R peaks changes significantly, and variation in the heart rate exceeded to 7.5% once in the ECG sample. In the case of sinus bradycardia, the rhythm is regular, and heart rate is less than 60, whereas in the case of sinus tachycardia, the rhythm is regular and heart rate is greater than 100. In the case of atrial fibrillation, irregular rhythm is observed and correlation coefficients of P wave are not more than 74%.
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Kiseleva, Marina V., Maksim S. Denisov, Elena V. Litvyakova, S. A. Ivanov, A. D. Kaprin, and Mariya N. Lun'kova. "Palliative care in locally advanced breast cancer. Clinical case." Clinical review for general practice 4, no. 12 (2023): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47407/kr2023.4.12.00329.
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Despite introduction of new screening programs and emergence of novel anticancer drugs, the detection rate of advanced breast cancer in Russia is still high, and treatment of such patients requires tailored and sometimes unconventional approach.
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Claassens, Mareli M., Cari van Schalkwyk, Rory Dunbar, Helen Ayles, and Nulda Beyers. "Patient Diagnostic Rate as Indicator of Tuberculosis Case Detection, South Africa." Emerging Infectious Diseases 22, no. 3 (2016): 535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2203.151618.
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T., Anaswara, Prasanna Venugopalan, Vidhu V. Nair, Alfy Ann George, and I. Praseeda. "A rare case of endometriosis to clear cell ovarian carcinoma: a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 11 (2019): 4585. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194900.
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Clear cell carcinoma of ovary is a rare tumour with a very low incidence in pregnancy. It is attributed to develop from an existing background of endometriosis. There are very few case reports of the above combination tumours in pregnancy. It is a very aggressive tumour with a worse prognosis and low survival rate because of its peculiar chemo resistant nature. Early detection and effective treatment are the best approach. The treatment options for advanced stages are still under research.
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Denoeud-Ndam, Lise, Boris Kevin Tchounga, Rose Masaba, et al. "Effect of integrating paediatric tuberculosis services into child healthcare services on case detection in Africa: the INPUT stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial." BMJ Global Health 9, no. 12 (2024): e016429. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-016429.
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IntroductionPaediatric tuberculosis (TB) underdiagnosis is a critical concern. The INPUT stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial assessed the impact of integrating child TB services into child healthcare on TB case detection among children under age 5 years.MethodsWe compared the standard of care, providing TB care in specific TB clinics (control phase), with the Catalysing Paediatric TB Innovations (CaP-TB) intervention, integrating TB services across all child health services (intervention phase). 12 clusters in Cameroon and Kenya transitioned from the standard of care to the intervention at randomly assigned times. Children with presumptive TB were enrolled after obtaining their parents’ consent and were followed throughout TB diagnostic procedures and treatment. Study outcomes included the rate of children with presumptive TB receiving TB investigations and that of children diagnosed with TB (the primary outcome was case detection), per thousand children under 5 years attending facilities. Generalised linear mixed Poisson models estimated the intervention’s effect as adjusted rate ratios (aRR) and associated 95% CIs. Ad hoc country-stratified analyses were conducted.ResultsDuring control and intervention phases, respectively, 121 909 and 109 614 children under 5 years attended paediatric entry points, 133 (1.1 per thousand) and 610 (5.6 per thousand) children with presumptive TB received TB investigations, and 79 and 74 were diagnosed with TB, corresponding to a case detection rate of 0.64 and 0.68 per thousand, respectively. CaP-TB significantly increased TB investigations in both countries overall (aRR=3.9, 95% CI 2.4 to 5.4), and in each. Overall, TB case detection was not statistically different between intervention and control (aRR 1.32, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.61, p=0.43). Country-stratified analysis revealed a 10-fold increase (aRR 9.75, 95% CI 1.04 to 91.84, p=0.046) in case detection with CaP-TB in Cameroon and no significant effect in Kenya (aRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.01, p=0.88).ConclusionCaP-TB increased TB investigations in both study countries and markedly enhanced TB case detection in one, underlining integrated TB services' potential to address paediatric TB underdiagnosis.
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Camphor, H. S., S. Nielsen, Z. Bradford-Hartke, K. Wall, and R. Broome. "Retrospective epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance and case notifications data – New South Wales, Australia, 2020." Journal of Water and Health 20, no. 1 (2021): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.275.
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Abstract This epidemiological study analysed SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance and case notifications data to inform evidence-based public health action in NSW. We investigated measures of association between SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments detected in wastewater samples (n = 100) and case notifications (n = 1,367, as rates per 100,000 population) within wastewater catchment areas (n = 6); and evaluated the performance of wastewater testing as a population-level diagnostic tool. Furthermore, we modelled SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment detection in wastewater given the case notification rate using logistic regression. The odds of a viral detection in wastewater samples increased by a factor of 5.68 (95% CI: 1.51–32.1, P = 0.004) with rates of one or more notified cases within a catchment. The diagnostic specificity of wastewater viral detection results was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.69–0.97); the overall diagnostic sensitivity was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.33–0.56). The probability of a viral detection result in wastewater exceeded 50% (95% CI: 36–64%) once the case rate within a catchment exceeded 10.5. Observed results suggest that in a low prevalence setting, wastewater viral detections are a more reliable indicator of the presence of recent virus shedding cases in a catchment, than non-detect results are of the absence of cases in a catchment.
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Tampoma, Selviana, and Iwan Hernawan. "Early detection and treatment of Speckled leukoplakia." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 49, no. 1 (2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v49.i1.p54-58.
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Background: Leukoplakia is one of potentially malignant disorders that can be found on oral mucosa. Speckled leukoplakia is a rare type of leukoplakia with a very high risk of premalignant growth. Approximately 3 % of worldwide population has suffered from leukoplakia, 5-25% of which tend to be malignant leukoplakia. Purpose: This case report was aimed to discuss about early detection of speckled leukoplakia as one of potentially malignant disorders. Case: A 62 year old male patient came with chief complaint of bald and painful tongue since one month ago. The patient has a history of allergic reaction, hypertension, uric acid, and hepatitis B. He had been a heavy smoker since young until 10 years ago. Intra oral examination showed a firm, rough, non scrapable white plaque lesion with a size of 1 x 1.5 cm, surrounded by painful erosion with diffuse boundary. Case Management: Based on cytology examination, the patient was reffered to oncologist to get an excisional biopsy. Next, the patient succesfully underwent the excisional biopsy and came for control. The results showed the healing process of the lesion with a minimal complaint of bald tongue, especially when eating spicy or hot meal. To improve healing process, the patient then was given an antibacterial mouth rinse containing zinc and mulvitamin. Conclusion: Speckled leukoplakia could show high malignant transformation rate, therefore, early detection and treatment are necessary.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Case Detection Rate"
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Häggmark, Sören. "Detection of myocardial ischemia : clinical and experimental studies with focus on vectorcardiography, heart rate and perioperative conditions." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Anestesiologi och intensivvård, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-598.
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Introduction. Multiple clinical methods for detecting myocardial ischemia are utilised in the hospital setting each day, but there is uncertainty about their diagnostic accuracy. In the operating room, multiple methods may be employed, while in the CCU advanced electrophysiological (ECG) techniques for myocardial ischemia detection, and in particular, ST segment analysis, are common. Vectorcardiography (VCG) is one form of ECG. Several conditions other than ischemia may cause marked ST changes, which can impair the process of diagnosis of clinical ischemia. Elevated HR is one of these factors, which is studied here. The hypotheses were about concordance of different methods to detect ischemia, and relation of ECG ST levels to HR with and without myocardial ischemia. Methods. Study I. Anesthetised vascular surgical patients with coronary artery disease were studied during the start of anesthesia and surgery: ECG, hemodynamic, mechanical, and metabolic parameters were measured and categorised as positive or negative with reference to a specific definition of myocardial ischemia. Study II. Awake patients with no ischemic heart disease were paced in graded steps, and VCG ST analyses were performed. Study III. Anesthetised pigs were studied for local metabolic and VCG ST changes related to controlled HR levels and transient coronary occlusion. Study IV. Thirty five anesthetised coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and ten non-CAD patients were paced at controlled levels, and great coronary artery vein (GCV) lactate measurement was used to determine presence or absence of myocardial ischemia. The CAD patients were paced up to HR levels where myocardial ischemia could be confirmed. The relation of HR-related VCG ST levels to presence or absence of ischemia was analysed. In Studies II,, III, and IV the ST vector magnitude (ST-VM), the change from baseline in ST-VM (STC-VM), and the vector angle change from baseline (STC-VA) were analysed for each step. Results. Study I. Poor concordance was demonstrated for positive events (presumed myocardial ischemia) between the hemodynamic, ECG, mechanical, and metabolic detection methods. Study II. STC-VM but not ST-VM levels demonstrated HR-related increases in the presumed absence of myocardial ischemia in 18 awake subjects. J point time to ST measurement did not affect the response of VCG ST to HR. Study III. STC-VM levels showed HR-related increases in the absence of ischemia (tested by local metabolic observations). VCG ST parameters responded positively to transient regional ischemia. Study IV. CAD patients, which demonstrated a clear pattern of onset and progress of ischemia during pacing, were further analysed for the relation of VCG ST level to ischemia. Sensitivity and specificity of STC-VM levels were described by ROC analysis for a range of STC-VM levels. Conclusions. Concordance of different measures for detection of onset of myocardial ischemia is difficult to assess in the absence of a very reliable reference method. The contribution of HR and ischemia to VCG ST levels were estimated in study subjects. HR-related increases in STC-VM occur in the absence of ischemia. HR levels need to be considered when interpreting STC-VM as a diagnostic test for ischemia. Further study is needed to establish criteria that take into account multiple clinical factors in order to improve the predictive value of our tests for myocardial ischemia.
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Sui, Yongkun. "Development of a Low False-Alarm-Rate Fall-Down Detection System Based on Machine Learning for Senior Health Care." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439310208.
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NOTARANGELO, NICLA MARIA. "A Deep Learning approach for monitoring severe rainfall in urban catchments using consumer cameras. Models development and deployment on a case study in Matera (Italy) Un approccio basato sul Deep Learning per monitorare le piogge intense nei bacini urbani utilizzando fotocamere generiche. Sviluppo e implementazione di modelli su un caso di studio a Matera (Italia)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/147016.
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In the last 50 years, flooding has figured as the most frequent and widespread natural disaster globally. Extreme precipitation events stemming from climate change could alter the hydro-geological regime resulting in increased flood risk. Near real-time precipitation monitoring at local scale is essential for flood risk mitigation in urban and suburban areas, due to their high vulnerability. Presently, most of the rainfall data is obtained from ground‐based measurements or remote sensing that provide limited information in terms of temporal or spatial resolution. Other problems may be due to the high costs. Furthermore, rain gauges are unevenly spread and usually placed away from urban centers. In this context, a big potential is represented by the use of innovative techniques to develop low-cost monitoring systems. Despite the diversity of purposes, methods and epistemological fields, the literature on the visual effects of the rain supports the idea of camera-based rain sensors but tends to be device-specific. The present thesis aims to investigate the use of easily available photographing devices as rain detectors-gauges to develop a dense network of low-cost rainfall sensors to support the traditional methods with an expeditious solution embeddable into smart devices. As opposed to existing works, the study focuses on maximizing the number of image sources (like smartphones, general-purpose surveillance cameras, dashboard cameras, webcams, digital cameras, etc.). This encompasses cases where it is not possible to adjust the camera parameters or obtain shots in timelines or videos. Using a Deep Learning approach, the rainfall characterization can be achieved through the analysis of the perceptual aspects that determine whether and how a photograph represents a rainy condition. The first scenario of interest for the supervised learning was a binary classification; the binary output (presence or absence of rain) allows the detection of the presence of precipitation: the cameras act as rain detectors. Similarly, the second scenario of interest was a multi-class classification; the multi-class output described a range of quasi-instantaneous rainfall intensity: the cameras act as rain estimators. Using Transfer Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks, the developed models were compiled, trained, validated, and tested. The preparation of the classifiers included the preparation of a suitable dataset encompassing unconstrained verisimilar settings: open data, several data owned by National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention - NIED (dashboard cameras in Japan coupled with high precision multi-parameter radar data), and experimental activities conducted in the NIED Large Scale Rainfall Simulator. The outcomes were applied to a real-world scenario, with the experimentation through a pre-existent surveillance camera using 5G connectivity provided by Telecom Italia S.p.A. in the city of Matera (Italy). Analysis unfolded on several levels providing an overview of generic issues relating to the urban flood risk paradigm and specific territorial questions inherent with the case study. These include the context aspects, the important role of rainfall from driving the millennial urban evolution to determining present criticality, and components of a Web prototype for flood risk communication at local scale. The results and the model deployment raise the possibility that low‐cost technologies and local capacities can help to retrieve rainfall information for flood early warning systems based on the identification of a significant meteorological state. The binary model reached accuracy and F1 score values of 85.28% and 0.86 for the test, and 83.35% and 0.82 for the deployment. The multi-class model reached test average accuracy and macro-averaged F1 score values of 77.71% and 0.73 for the 6-way classifier, and 78.05% and 0.81 for the 5-class. The best performances were obtained in heavy rainfall and no-rain conditions, whereas the mispredictions are related to less severe precipitation. The proposed method has limited operational requirements, can be easily and quickly implemented in real use cases, exploiting pre-existent devices with a parsimonious use of economic and computational resources. The classification can be performed on single photographs taken in disparate conditions by commonly used acquisition devices, i.e. by static or moving cameras without adjusted parameters. This approach is especially useful in urban areas where measurement methods such as rain gauges encounter installation difficulties or operational limitations or in contexts where there is no availability of remote sensing data. The system does not suit scenes that are also misleading for human visual perception. The approximations inherent in the output are acknowledged. Additional data may be gathered to address gaps that are apparent and improve the accuracy of the precipitation intensity prediction. Future research might explore the integration with further experiments and crowdsourced data, to promote communication, participation, and dialogue among stakeholders and to increase public awareness, emergency response, and civic engagement through the smart community idea.<br>Negli ultimi 50 anni, le alluvioni si sono confermate come il disastro naturale più frequente e diffuso a livello globale. Tra gli impatti degli eventi meteorologici estremi, conseguenti ai cambiamenti climatici, rientrano le alterazioni del regime idrogeologico con conseguente incremento del rischio alluvionale. Il monitoraggio delle precipitazioni in tempo quasi reale su scala locale è essenziale per la mitigazione del rischio di alluvione in ambito urbano e periurbano, aree connotate da un'elevata vulnerabilità. Attualmente, la maggior parte dei dati sulle precipitazioni è ottenuta da misurazioni a terra o telerilevamento che forniscono informazioni limitate in termini di risoluzione temporale o spaziale. Ulteriori problemi possono derivare dagli elevati costi. Inoltre i pluviometri sono distribuiti in modo non uniforme e spesso posizionati piuttosto lontano dai centri urbani, comportando criticità e discontinuità nel monitoraggio. In questo contesto, un grande potenziale è rappresentato dall'utilizzo di tecniche innovative per sviluppare sistemi inediti di monitoraggio a basso costo. Nonostante la diversità di scopi, metodi e campi epistemologici, la letteratura sugli effetti visivi della pioggia supporta l'idea di sensori di pioggia basati su telecamera, ma tende ad essere specifica per dispositivo scelto. La presente tesi punta a indagare l'uso di dispositivi fotografici facilmente reperibili come rilevatori-misuratori di pioggia, per sviluppare una fitta rete di sensori a basso costo a supporto dei metodi tradizionali con una soluzione rapida incorporabile in dispositivi intelligenti. A differenza dei lavori esistenti, lo studio si concentra sulla massimizzazione del numero di fonti di immagini (smartphone, telecamere di sorveglianza generiche, telecamere da cruscotto, webcam, telecamere digitali, ecc.). Ciò comprende casi in cui non sia possibile regolare i parametri fotografici o ottenere scatti in timeline o video. Utilizzando un approccio di Deep Learning, la caratterizzazione delle precipitazioni può essere ottenuta attraverso l'analisi degli aspetti percettivi che determinano se e come una fotografia rappresenti una condizione di pioggia. Il primo scenario di interesse per l'apprendimento supervisionato è una classificazione binaria; l'output binario (presenza o assenza di pioggia) consente la rilevazione della presenza di precipitazione: gli apparecchi fotografici fungono da rivelatori di pioggia. Analogamente, il secondo scenario di interesse è una classificazione multi-classe; l'output multi-classe descrive un intervallo di intensità delle precipitazioni quasi istantanee: le fotocamere fungono da misuratori di pioggia. Utilizzando tecniche di Transfer Learning con reti neurali convoluzionali, i modelli sviluppati sono stati compilati, addestrati, convalidati e testati. La preparazione dei classificatori ha incluso la preparazione di un set di dati adeguato con impostazioni verosimili e non vincolate: dati aperti, diversi dati di proprietà del National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention - NIED (telecamere dashboard in Giappone accoppiate con dati radar multiparametrici ad alta precisione) e attività sperimentali condotte nel simulatore di pioggia su larga scala del NIED. I risultati sono stati applicati a uno scenario reale, con la sperimentazione attraverso una telecamera di sorveglianza preesistente che utilizza la connettività 5G fornita da Telecom Italia S.p.A. nella città di Matera (Italia). L'analisi si è svolta su più livelli, fornendo una panoramica sulle questioni relative al paradigma del rischio di alluvione in ambito urbano e questioni territoriali specifiche inerenti al caso di studio. Queste ultime includono diversi aspetti del contesto, l'importante ruolo delle piogge dal guidare l'evoluzione millenaria della morfologia urbana alla determinazione delle criticità attuali, oltre ad alcune componenti di un prototipo Web per la comunicazione del rischio alluvionale su scala locale. I risultati ottenuti e l'implementazione del modello corroborano la possibilità che le tecnologie a basso costo e le capacità locali possano aiutare a caratterizzare la forzante pluviometrica a supporto dei sistemi di allerta precoce basati sull'identificazione di uno stato meteorologico significativo. Il modello binario ha raggiunto un'accuratezza e un F1-score di 85,28% e 0,86 per il set di test e di 83,35% e 0,82 per l'implementazione nel caso di studio. Il modello multi-classe ha raggiunto un'accuratezza media e F1-score medio (macro-average) di 77,71% e 0,73 per il classificatore a 6 vie e 78,05% e 0,81 per quello a 5 classi. Le prestazioni migliori sono state ottenute nelle classi relative a forti precipitazioni e assenza di pioggia, mentre le previsioni errate sono legate a precipitazioni meno estreme. Il metodo proposto richiede requisiti operativi limitati, può essere implementato facilmente e rapidamente in casi d'uso reali, sfruttando dispositivi preesistenti con un uso parsimonioso di risorse economiche e computazionali. La classificazione può essere eseguita su singole fotografie scattate in condizioni disparate da dispositivi di acquisizione di uso comune, ovvero da telecamere statiche o in movimento senza regolazione dei parametri. Questo approccio potrebbe essere particolarmente utile nelle aree urbane in cui i metodi di misurazione come i pluviometri incontrano difficoltà di installazione o limitazioni operative o in contesti in cui non sono disponibili dati di telerilevamento o radar. Il sistema non si adatta a scene che sono fuorvianti anche per la percezione visiva umana. I limiti attuali risiedono nelle approssimazioni intrinseche negli output. Per colmare le lacune evidenti e migliorare l'accuratezza della previsione dell'intensità di precipitazione, sarebbe possibile un'ulteriore raccolta di dati. Sviluppi futuri potrebbero riguardare l'integrazione con ulteriori esperimenti in campo e dati da crowdsourcing, per promuovere comunicazione, partecipazione e dialogo aumentando la resilienza attraverso consapevolezza pubblica e impegno civico in una concezione di comunità smart.
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Chen, Yi-Shiuan, and 陳宜宣. "Research on the Effect of Computer Health Education Video’s Intervention into Colonoscopy Examination and Polyposis Detection Rate—Case Study of a Hospital of the South." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r2xfky.
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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>醫務管理暨醫療資訊學系碩士在職專班<br>106<br>Objective
Colonoscopy is the primary tool for screening colorectal cancer. However, how to improve the bowel preparation quality before colonoscopy is a necessary task for the completion of colonoscopy. This research aims to explore the effect of differences in awareness, colonoscopy perception on painfulness, patient satisfaction and colonoscopy report inspection quality on the patients receiving colonoscopy after the intervention of health education video played by mobile tablet.
Methods
The prospective Quasi-experimental design was applied in this study, with the data collected from the teaching hospital in southern part of Taiwan. The medical care colleagues in Endoscopy Center and Management Office were engaging in discussing and producing “Tablet Visual Health Education Video” as an interventional measure. The objects of the case were patients over 20 years of age, making outpatient appointment for colonoscopy, who were clear without previous diagnosis of mental disorder/mental illness. The study divided the patients into two groups in a random and double-blind manner for comparison with random number table. The investigation was conducted from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 with 280 persons receiving and filling in the questionnaires in total. However, after removing colonoscopy reports and incomplete questionnaire data, the actual questionnaires collected were 239, with 106 from the case group and 133 from the control group. The study also compared the effects of these two health education on bowel preparation, inspection time, whether there is polyps, whether there is adenomatous polyposis in the clinical aspect as well as the effect on examination cognition, colonoscopy perception on painfulness and patient satisfaction. Moreover, the research also discussed relevant factors influencing colonoscopy quality through referring to the basic personal information of patients.
Results
The colonoscopy of the case group showed a significant difference in terms of health education cognition, indicating that the cognition of case case group was higher than that of control group (p=0.002), however, there were no significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics.
There was no significant difference among two groups in respect of colonoscopy perception on painfulness (p=0.415), but there was a significant difference in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. Female’s perception of pain was higher than that of male (p=0.009), while patients with senior high school education background felt less painful than those with middle school education background (p=0.007). Those patients having meal replacement before examination felt more painful than those having foods self-prepared (p=0.014). The longer the total examination time was, the more painful patients would feel (p<0.001).
The higher the cognition on health education of the case group, the higher the dissatisfaction with the colonoscopy (p=0.003), possibly because the patients were with higher education, therefore requiring higher standards. However, patients who had no significant differences in education but with significant differences in clinical characteristics factors, who are undergoing abdominal surgery felt satisfied (p0.013). The more painful the patients perceived, the less they felt satisfied (p=0.045).
As for bowel preparation, the patients in case group had a better bowel preparation with OR=0.55, 95%CI=0.30-0.98, p=0.044. In terms of gender, male patients had a better bowel preparation with OR=0.49, 95%CI=0.27-0.88, p=0.017. Patients aged from 56 to 64 had a better bowel preparation than those aged over 75 with OR=0.28, 95%CI=0.08-0.98, p=0.046.
As for withdrawal time, patients aged <=55, between 56 and 64 and over 75 was different. The younger they were, the shorter the time was (p=0.011. p=0.014). In terms of the duration spent on examinations, patients that went through examinations for a third time spent a shorter amount of time than that of the first-timers (p=0.011). The time taken by 2 physicians in Gastroenterology Department certified by The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan showed significant differences (p<0.001).
With respect to total examination time, male patients took less time (p=0.007). Among patients <=55, between 56 and 64 as well as over 75, the younger the patients were, the less time the examination took (p=0.004, p=0.005). Patients with senior high school and middle school education background spent less time in examination (p=0.024) and there were significant differences between 2 physicians in Gastroenterology Department in terms of examination time.
In terms of adenomatous polyposis, the adenoma found in males was more than that found in females with OR=1.94, 95%CI=1.05-3.58, p=0.033. Less adenoma was found in patients aged <=55 than that was found in patients over 75 with OR=0.27, 95%CI=0.08-0.91, p=0.034. Less adenoma was found in patients having meal replacement before examination with OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.27-0.98, p=0.045, and significant differences were found if examined by different physicians with OR=2.31, 95%CI= 1.25-4.28, p=0.008.
Conclusion and Suggestions
The educational mode with mobile tablet intervened into colonoscopy was applied to understand the differences of this mode with the original health education mode as well as to serve as the reference for medical institutes to educate patients. By this, the medical staffs can not only take care of patients but also provide patients with better knowledge and health education methods. In the meantime, patients can be more concern about their health issues, which further improve their satisfaction with and trust in the medical institutes. It is recommended that the future researches should utilize medical research samples from hospitals all over the country at different levels and attributes as a source to collect follow-up of colonoscopy patients for years to analyze statistical trends.
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Maharaj, Vishyal. "Use of the biological body-fluid detection dog for investigation of rape cases." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24526.
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Serious and violent crime in South Africa (SA) has been on the rise in the last few years. The SAPS has been stretched to the maximum in its efforts of trying to stabilise the situation, and has applied various tactics and strategies to eradicate crime. This included, among other things, changes to the basic training programme and reintroduction of specialised units. The success or failure of any criminal investigation will still often depend on the detection and analysis of physical evidence found on the crime scene. Crimes such as rape will always leave behind physical evidence in the form of body-fluids. The detectives need not be experts in order to detect or analyse this physical evidence, but should be experienced enough to know which experts or investigative aids must be used to ensure maximum recovery of the evidence.
The purpose of this study was to determine how the Biological Body-fluid Dog (BBFD) can assist detectives in the investigation of rape cases. The researcher has chosen a unique investigative aid in the form of man’s best friend, namely “The Police K9” (canine). The literature shows that trained police dogs have achieved outstanding success in numerous fields around the world, i.e. from narcotic busts, detection of explosives, to countering terrorist threats, to the most chilling search-and-rescue operations. The SAPS has sent its search-and-rescue dogs to many countries abroad to assist in natural disasters. Dogs have been trained by various police agencies for various purposes, but the BBFD dog is unique to the SAPS, and is trained to detect only human blood and semen. The use of K9s in the complex forensic science environment can never be doubted or overlooked.
The main problem facing the Booysens SAPS was the low arrest and conviction rate in rape cases, due to a lack of evidence. The researcher hopes to broaden the detectives’ knowledge and skills regarding the objectives of crime investigation, with special focus on detection of physical evidence at rape crime scenes. The BBFD dog is trained to detect minute amounts of body fluid on any type or size of surface, including veld, bush areas, vehicles, carpets, grass, bedrooms, etc.<br>Police Practice<br>M.A. (Criminal Justice)
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Friderichs, Niki. "Efficacy of a community-based infant hearing screening program in the Western Cape." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30084.
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Apart from isolated programs in private and public health care sectors, South Africa has no existing systematic public infant hearing screening program at community level. As a result, early identification of hearing loss is certainly not being attained for the majority of infants in South Africa with far-reaching effects for individuals, families and society at large. Screening programs at primary health care immunization clinics have been proposed as an alternative to hospital-based programs in South Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the first systematic community-based infant hearing screening program in a developing South African community in the Western Cape. A combined descriptive and exploratory research methodology was followed incorporating aspects of a program evaluation design. The study was of a quantitative nature and the required data were collected by means of a questionnaire and OAE testing conducted by clinic nurses on subjects. A community-based universal infant hearing screening program initiated at eight primary health care clinics in the Cape Metropolitan area was evaluated over a 19-month research period. During this time 6227 infants who were candidates for screening attended their 6, 10 or 14-week immunization visit at the relevant clinic. Clinic nurses were trained as screening personnel. A two-stage distortion product otoacoustic emissions screening protocol was utilized. The target disorder for this study was bilateral permanent congenital and early onset hearing loss and infants referring the first screen were scheduled for a 4-week follow-up visit at the clinic. Diagnostic audiological and medical evaluations were scheduled at referral hospitals when indicated. The study evaluated the efficacy of the program based on coverage, referral and follow-up rates and diagnostic outcomes according to guidelines specified by the Health Professions Council of South Africa 2007 Position Statement. Overall coverage rate across the eight clinics was 32.4% with 2018 infants (aged 0- 14 weeks) screened. The mean age of the sample at first stage screen was 3.9 weeks of age and 13.5 weeks of age for first hospital visit. Overall first stage screen referral rate was 9.5% with 62 subjects (3%) referred for diagnostic services at hospital level after a follow-up screen. The average follow-up rate for rescreens at clinic level was 85.1% and for initial diagnostic assessments at hospital level it was 91.8%. Although minimal hearing loss was not the primary focus of the screening program the outcomes did include those subjects with fluctuating conductive hearing loss and permanent unilateral hearing loss. Prevalence rates were 4.5/1000 with significant hearing loss, including sensorineural (1.5/1000) and conductive (3/1000) losses, and 12.9/1000 for subjects with middle ear effusion.<p-> The community-based infant hearing screening program was valuable in attaining high follow-up return rates but reaching sufficient coverage may require dedicated screening personnel as opposed to existing nursing personnel. Furthermore, consideration of an alternative community-based platform such as midwife obstetric units may improve coverage and referral rates and prevalence of permanent congenital and early onset hearing loss.<br>Dissertation (MCommunication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology<br>Unrestricted
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VRZALOVÁ, Monika. "Role sestry ve screeningu deprese u seniorů." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260905.
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The diploma thesis deals with problems of depression in older people. Mainly the work is focused on identifying and analyzing the role of nurses in screening for depression in older people in primary care, acute care, long-term care and home care. This thesis was focused on theoretical direction and was used the method of design and demonstration. In this thesis was set one main goals with five research questions. The main goal was to identify and analyze the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly. RQ 1: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 2: What is the role of the nurse in the primary care in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 3: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in hospitalized patients in acute care? RQ 4: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in seniors in long-term and home care? RQ 5: What rating scales and methods are used in screening for depression in the elderly? The thesis introduce the concept of depression. The following are specified the causes of and the important factors that affect depression in the elderly. It also deals the differences in the clinical symptomatology of depression in old age. It explains possibilities and various barriers in the diagnosis of depression. Another chapter introduces complete geriatric examination, diagnostic classification systems, possible screening methods and scales for detection of depression in the elderly population. It also deals methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and its possible complications associated with older age. By reason of increased suicide rate caused by depressive disorder the issue of suicidal behavior in the elderly is introduced. The next chapter deals with the nursing process, which is used by nurses in practice. It consists of the evaluation of the patient's health condition, making nursing diagnosis, creating nursing plan and subsequent implementation and evaluation. The nursing process is also needy for providing quality care. The nursing process in the stage of nursing diagnosis, introduces possible nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering from depression, which are based on the latest classification. Finally is described the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly in different health facilities and their contribution to the timely evaluation of depression in the elderly. This chapter introduces the role of nurses, nursing screening and collaboration with a physician. The role of nurses in screening for depression in different medical facilities is based on the first phase of the nursing process of assessment. On the basis of objective and subjective information, the nurse will assess the overall health and mental condition of the patient. Primarily, it was investigated what is the role of the nurse in screening for depression. On the basis of content analysis and synthesis it was necessary to used and processed domestic and foreign literature. A number of relevant sources are the results of various studies and Meta-analyzes, mostly from abroad, but also from the Czech Republic. The thesis can serve as a basis for nurses. The result of this thesis is to create e-learning material available for students in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice in the tutorial called Moodle.
Books on the topic "Case Detection Rate"
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Jamie, Smith, Alley R. W, and Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), eds. The case of the race against time. Scholastic Inc., 2003.
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Conan, Doyle Arthur. Adventure of Six Napoleons and Other Cases. Penguin English Library, 2014.
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Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb and Other Cases. Penguin English Library, 2014.
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Conan, Doyle Arthur. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's celebrated cases of Sherlock Holmes. Octopus Books, 1986.
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Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Celebrated Cases of Sherlock Holmes: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes / Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes. Octopus Books Limited, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Case Detection Rate"
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Kandl, Susanne, and Raimund Kirner. "Error Detection Rate of MC/DC for a Case Study from the Automotive Domain." In Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16256-5_14.
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Chadjipadelis, Theodore, and Sofia Magopoulou. "COVID-19 Pandemic: A Methodological Model for the Analysis of Government’s Preventing Measures and Health Data Records." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09034-9_11.
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AbstractThe study aims to investigate the associations between the government’s response measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and weekly incidence data (positivity rate, mortality rate and testing rate) in Greece. The study focuses on the period from the detection of the first case in the country (26th February 2020) to the first week of 2022 (08th January 2022). Data analysis was based on Correspondence Analysis on a fuzzy-coded contingency table, followed by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) on the factor scores. Results revealed distinct time periods during which interesting interactions took place between control measures and incidence data.
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Yuan, Jin, Yi Wang, and Kesheng Wang. "LSTM Based Prediction and Time-Temperature Varying Rate Fusion for Hydropower Plant Anomaly Detection: A Case Study." In Advanced Manufacturing and Automation VIII. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2375-1_13.
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Tapia Suárez, Estefanía Alexandra, Inés Pérez Couñago, Christian Eike Precker, Juan Manuel Montenegro Fernández, and Santiago Muiños-Landín. "Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network Based Defect Detection in Submerged Arc Welding Processes." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86489-6_2.
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Abstract Detecting defects predictively during the welding process, such as porosity, is of vital importance as it allows for the avoidance of degradation in the quality, durability, and productivity of the weld. Research into predictively identifying these types of defects in Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is quite limited due to the difficulty of gathering data along the process. This remains a challenge to drive the optimization of the manufacturing of pieces that include such welds as the case of large components like pipes in the oil and gas industry. Therefore, this work addresses this challenge and proposes a methodology based on a deep hybrid neural network called recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN). This deep learning model is capable of detecting and predicting surface porosity defects in real-time using the continuous voltage electrical signal from the SAW process. The training of the RCNN model involved using various weld beads, some with surface porosity and others without. On the one hand, defects were labeled based on the location of the pores along the weld, while on the other hand, the voltage electrical signals were processed and organized. The proposed framework based on RCNN was tested in other weld beads, where the results were satisfactory with the model achieving a high accuracy rate of around 80% in predictive pore detection. Moreover, the model’s processing time was <10 ms, meeting the requirements for real-time applications.
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Melillo, P., C. Formisano, U. Bracale, and L. Pecchia. "Classification tree for real-life stress detection using linear Heart Rate Variability analysis. Case study: students under stress due to university examination." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29305-4_126.
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Suresh, Varsha P., Rekha Pai, Deepak D’Souza, Meenakshi D’Souza, and Sujit Kumar Chakrabarti. "Static Race Detection for Periodic Programs." In Programming Languages and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99336-8_11.
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AbstractWe consider the problem of statically detecting data races in periodic real-time programs that use locks, and run on a single processor platform. We propose a technique based on a small set of rules that exploits the priority, periodicity, locking, and timing information of tasks in the program. One of the key requirements is a response time analysis for such programs, and we propose an algorithm to compute this for the case of non-nested locks. We have implemented our analysis for real-time programs written in C in a tool called PePRacer and evaluated its performance on a small set of benchmarks from the literature.
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Blaise, Didier, and Sabine Fürst. "Post-CAR-T Cell Therapy (Consolidation and Relapse): Lymphoma." In The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_33.
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AbstractEven after a decade of use, CAR-T cell therapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is still evolving, and disease control is now the main concern in the majority of experienced centres. Indeed, despite highly appealing objective response (OR) rates in refractory patients, the long-term overall survival (OS) of this population has only slightly improved. Pivotal studies have suggested that 2-year OS rates do not surpass 30%, even though results improve when complete response (CR) is achieved within the first 3 months after treatment (Wang et al. 2020; Schuster et al. 2019; Neelapu et al. 2017). Although achieving this exceptionally high level of OR is praiseworthy, similar improvements have not been made regarding OS, and current OS probabilities are not satisfactory. Of course, there are multiple reasons for this; a substantial proportion of patients either do not achieve an initial response or experience progression very soon after treatment, with poor OS (Chow et al. 2019). Both populations present with disease burden or aggressive cancer prior to CAR-T cell therapy, possibly having been referred too late in the course of treatment or waited too long before CAR-T cells were processed for them. Both of these issues have potential solutions, such as more widely publicizing the efficacy of CAR-T cells, which may increase referrals at an earlier stage, and developing methods, which are already being heavily investigated, for shortening the manufacturing process (Rafiq et al. 2020). In the latter case, the use of allogeneic lymphocytes could allow for already prepared cells to be readily used when needed and would most likely be the most efficient strategy as long as the risk of graft-versus host disease is offset (Graham and Jozwik 2018). Thus, achieving CR is a crucial step in increasing OS, as patients with partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) present with lower OS, while currently, recurrence appears to be rare when CR is maintained for more than 6 months (Komanduri 2021). However, the disease will likely recur in more than half of patients in the months following treatment, possibly due to issues such as the poor persistence of CAR-T cells (which may not be as crucial as once thought for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Komanduri 2021)) or the loss of target antigen expression (which has been regularly documented (Rafiq et al. 2020)). Both of these mechanisms could potentially be used to develop methods that reduce recurrence after CAR-T cell therapy. In fact, the most popular approaches currently being investigated are attempting to either use two CAR-T cell types that each target different antigens or to create CAR-T cell constructs that target either multiple antigens or an antigen other than CD19 (Shah et al. 2020). The concomitant infusion of CAR-T cells with targeted therapies is also being explored in other B-cell malignancies and appears to both increase the CR rate and decrease recurrence (Gauthier et al. 2020). When recurrence does occur, patient OS is rather dismal, and the best remaining option would most likely be inclusion in a clinical trial. If this option is not available, salvage therapy may be attempted, although cytotoxic treatments are extremely limited given that most diseases have been refractory to numerous lines of treatment prior to immunotherapy. A few case reports and studies with a small patient population receiving anti-PD-1 antibodies, ibrutinib, or ImiDs have been reported with largely anecdotal supporting evidence (Byrne et al. 2019). However, even in the case of a new objective response (OR), the subsequent risk of recurrence is substantial and may invite further consolidation with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Byrne et al. 2019), which has already been performed in patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Hay et al. 2019). However, the efficacy of this strategy remains to be validated in NHL patients in clinical trials. Further supporting evidence, although limited, has recently been reported concerning an additional treatment with CAR-T cells inducing an OR. Of the 21 NHL patients included in the study, the OR rate after the second infusion was 52% (CR, n = 4; PR, n = 7), with some durable responses inviting further investigations (Gauthier et al. 2021). Overall, with such poor outcomes after recurrence, current efforts are also focused on predicting the patients most likely to experience disease progression and that are potential candidates for preemptive consolidation therapy, although there is no doubt that patients who do not achieve a rapid CR should be the first candidates. Additionally, immune monitoring should encompass not only CAR-T cell survival but also the detection of circulating tumour DNA (Komanduri 2021) because this could aid in detecting subclinical recurrence and in deciding whether consolidation or maintenance therapy should be administered. However, currently, all these approaches are highly speculative and require further clinical study.
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Sakr, Rita A., and Hassan Ghazal. "Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk in the UAE." In Cancer Care in the United Arab Emirates. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6794-0_15.
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AbstractHereditary cancers are estimated to account for 10% of all cancers. Clinical genetics initially provided genetic testing to cancer patients and/or those with a strong family history of cancer. Hereditary cancer gene testing became more widely available as a result of research into inherited genes and the revolutionary development of genetic testing technologies. As a result, testing has been expanded to include medical specialties other than clinical genetics. The increased testing rate resulted in the identification of more patients with pathogenic mutations, but it also resulted in a very high detection rate of variants of uncertain significance, which can cause further confusion among families and distress in patients. Therefore, a crucial suggestion would be that multigene testing should be considered only after proper evaluation for clinical suspicion of hereditary cancer susceptibility, which would be best offered by clinical genetics and/or doctors trained in oncogenetics.
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Blumhofer, Benjamin, Jonas Weigand, Leonhard Kunz, Pascal Rübel, and Achim Wagner. "Detection of Rare Fault Cases for Mobile Robot Applications." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57496-2_7.
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Rafii, Saeed, and Humaid O. Al-Shamsi. "Cancer Prevention, Screening, and Early Detection in the UAE." In Cancer Care in the United Arab Emirates. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6794-0_4.
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AbstractThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the most rapidly expanding economies in the world, with a fast-growing population and immigration. Such rapid expansion has been associated with an increase in the cancer prevalence rate in the country. Recent statistics forecast an even greater increase in cancer prevalence by 2040. In this chapter, we review the current incidence of cancer and its risk factors in the UAE and the initiatives by the UAE government to reduce the burden of cancer in the country. We review the currently available specific cancer screening programs in the country, the challenges with the current screening programs, and recommendations for improving cancer screening in the UAE.
Conference papers on the topic "Case Detection Rate"
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Gunaltun, Yves, Suchada Punpruk, Matina Thammachart, and Pornthep Tanaprasertsong. "Worst Case Top of the Line Corrosion: Cold Spot Corrosion." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10097.
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Abstract One offshore gas field in the Gulf of Thailand(1) has been operated since year 1992. The sealines have been subjected to top of line corrosion (TLC) since the production start-up. After detection of the first TLC case in this field in year 1999, different possibilities were investigated to reduce the corrosion rate to a reasonable value. Batch treatment started in 2000 using double pig1,2 and in year 2004 the Company began using a Top of Line Corrosion Control Pig (TLCC-PIG)3. In year 2008 two leaks were experienced on one of the sealines at the anode pads and one leak on another sealine close to a subsea flange connection where no coating had been applied. In both cases the corrosion was quite localized and took place where the water condensation was high (cold spot corrosion or CPC). Metallurgical analysis showed no anomaly in either the base metal or on the weld. Accumulated corrosion products on the corroded surfaces prevented effectiveness of the corrosion inhibitor. Laboratory simulations in addition to predictions confirmed high water condensation rates at the leaking locations. This paper describes the operating conditions, corrosion features, protection systems designed to prevent future cold spot corrosion and also presents the results of simulations for cold spot corrosion prediction.
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Bich, Nguyen N. "Corrosion Monitoring for Wet Sour Gas Pipelines." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06642.
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Abstract Understanding the corrosion mechanisms prevailing in wet sour gas is the key step in monitoring corrosion. Important parameters contributing to corrosion are pressure, temperature, CO2 and H2S contents, chloride level, elemental sulfur, and fluid flow behavior. General corrosion tends to be very low due to the formation of iron sulfides but isolated pitting rate can be extremely high when the protective scales break down. Common pitfalls in corrosion monitoring are presented. Different intrusive and non-intrusive monitoring devices are highlighted. Successful detection of isolated pitting corrosion by ERM in one case study is presented.
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Gunaltun, Yves, Ussama Kaewpradap, Marc Singer, Srdjan Nesic, Suchada Punpruk, and Matina Thammachart. "Progress in the Prediction of Top of the Line Corrosion and Challenges to Predict Corrosion Rates Measured in Gas Pipelines." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10093.
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Abstract Bongkot is an offshore gas field in the Gulf of Thailand in operation since 1992. The sealines have been subjected to top of line corrosion (TLC) since the production start-up. After detection of the first TLC case in this field in 1999, different possibilities were investigated and implemented to reduce the corrosion rate to a reasonable value. Recently few leaks were experienced at cold spots like bare metal surfaces around subsea flanges or anode pads welding. It was clear that stabilisation does not take place at cold spots. TLC prediction for the sealines of different gas fields was necessary for prediction of leaks at such locations. The TOPCORP model was selected for this purpose. As a first step, the capabilities of this model were evaluated using data available from Bongkot field. This paper gives a short review of different prediction models, summarises selected model’s main features, compares the predicted water condensation and corrosion rates to inspection results and discusses the capabilities of the model.
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Garg, Poonam. "Leiomyosarcoma: Case report." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685339.
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Introduction: Uterine sarcomas are rare aggressive mesenchymal tumours with limited prognosis which accounts for only 2%-8% of all uterine malignancies. The most frequent type in uterine sarcomas is leiomyosarcoma (LMS) which is seen in about 60% of cases. Case Report: We report 2 cases who presentated with different symptomology. After examination and imaging modalities, definitive diagnosis was made after histopathology report. Treatment in the form of neo adjuvant chemotherapy followed by Surgery and chemotherapy/radiotherapy was given. On follow up, both patients had relapse and later they died. Conclusion: Rate of recurrence of leiomyosarcoma is high and prognosis depends upon age, grade, tumor size and mitotic rate. Overall survival rate ranges from 15% to 25% with a median survival of only 10 months. Early detection and more trials to evaluate treatment strategies can improve survival.
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Ricciato, F., and W. Fleischer. "Bottleneck Detection via Aggregate Rate Analysis : A Real Case in a 3G Network." In 2006 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium NOMS 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/noms.2006.1687628.
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Zhang, Shang, and Robello Samuel. "Reducing False Alarms for Early Kick and Loss Detection (EKLD) in Real-Time Application Using Knowledge-Assisted Case-Based Reasoning." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221944-ms.
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Abstract Recent advancements in Early Kick and Loss Detection (EKLD) have leveraged various sensor information in real-time for detection and time-series trend analysis. However, the increase in data and complexity has led to a higher rate of false alarms, undermining the reliability and usability of the system. In this study, we developed a Knowledge-Assisted Case-Based Reasoning (KACBR) approach by integrating historical data with contextual knowledge to reduce the false alarm rate while maintaining detection capabilities. The expert system employs a hybrid methodology that combines the structured domain knowledge from Knowledge-Based Expert Systems (KBES) with the flexibility, robustness, and adaptability of Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). The model was validated and evaluated using real-time drilling data from the field. Employing the hybrid approach developed in this study, significantly reduced the overall false alarm rate while maintaining high performance in event detection. Field testing in real-time confirmed the system's effectiveness in detecting both kick and lost circulation events across all drilling phases without compromising the speed of real-time monitoring. Comparative analysis with traditional kick and loss detection methods and statistical trend-analysis-based systems revealed that the Knowledge-Assisted Case-Based Reasoning (KACBR) approach excels in reducing false alarms and maintaining detection reliability.
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Paziewski, Jacek, Rafal Sieradzki, and Radoslaw Baryla. "High-rate GNSS Positioning for Precise Detection of Dynamic Displacements and Deformations: Methodology and Case Study Results." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.224.
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The monitoring of static and dynamic deformations of buildings and other engineering structures is of great interest for many scientific and practical reasons. Such measurements provide information required for safe maintenance of the constructions being a subject of various excitations. At present one of the most commonly used technology for this purpose is the high-rate GNSS positioning. The application of GNSS technology with appropriate processing methodology may meet the specific requirements which result in extraction of information on dynamic displacements and deformations of ground and engineering structures. The high temporal resolution and precision of GNSS phase observations predestine this technology to be applied to the most demanding applications in terms of accuracy, availability and reliability. In this study we present preliminary results of application of precise GNSS positioning for detection of small scale (centimeter level) dynamic displacements. In the first part of work there are described methodology and algorithms of precise coordinate estimation, involving both the relative positioning as well as the Precise Point Positioning technique. In the experiment both approaches were applied to monitor of antenna point variations on the basis of high-rate (20 Hz) observations processed in self-developed software. The dynamic displacements were simulated using specially constructed device moving GNSS antenna with dedicated amplitude and frequency. The obtained results indicate on possibility of detection of dynamic GNSS antenna displacements even at the level of millimetres using relative positioning. Moreover, the Precise Point Positioning approach has also proved its applicability to detect high-rate small scale changes of the controlled site coordinates.
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Anjangi, Prasad, Rex Dael Navarro, Rashobh Rajan Sobhana, Felipe Costa Oliveira Chagas, and Bipin Pillai. "AI-Aided Real Time Data Decoder for Mud Pulse Telemetry - A Case Study." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2118/224992-ms.
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Abstract Mud pulse telemetry is a critical technology in the domain of oil and gas drilling operations, facilitating the real-time transmission of data acquired by downhole sensors to the surface. This study presents a case study focusing on an AI-aided surface detection system specifically developed for mud pulse telemetry, with the objective of enhancing data rates, accuracy, and overall reliability. The system utilizes transmission channel response information for pulse detection, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of reflected pulses that frequently impede high data rate transmission. Empirical results obtained from a field trial unequivocally demonstrate a substantial improvement in effective throughput when compared to conventional correlation-based detection systems.
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Brown, Nicolas Eric, Pritesh Patil, Sachin Sharma, et al. "Real World Use Case Evaluation of Radar Retro-reflectors for Autonomous Vehicle Lane Detection Applications." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2042.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Lane detection plays a critical role in autonomous vehicles for safe and reliable navigation. Lane detection is traditionally accomplished using a camera sensor and computer vision processing. The downside of this traditional technique is that it can be computationally intensive when high quality images at a fast frame rate are used and has reliability issues from occlusion such as, glare, shadows, active road construction, and more. This study addresses these issues by exploring alternative methods for lane detection in specific scenarios caused from road construction-induced lane shift and sun glare. Specifically, a U-Net, a convolutional network used for image segmentation, camera-based lane detection method is compared with a radar-based approach using a new type of sensor previously unused in the autonomous vehicle space: radar retro-reflectors. This evaluation is performed using ground truth data, obtained by measuring the lane positions and transforming them into pixel coordinates. The performance of each method is assessed using the statistical <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> score, indicating the correlation between the detected lane lines and the ground truth. The results show that the U-Net camera-based method exhibits limitations in accurately detecting and aligning the lane lines, particularly in challenging scenarios. However, the radar-based lane detection method demonstrates a strong correlation with the ground truth which implies that the use of this sensor may improve current reliability issues from conventional camera lane detection approach. Furthermore, the study highlights the limitations of the U-Net model for camera lane detection, especially in scenarios with sun glare. This study shows that infrastructure-based radar retro-reflectors can improve autonomous vehicle lane detection reliability. The integration of different sensor modalities and the development of advanced computer vision algorithms are crucial for improving the accuracy, reliability, and energy efficiency of lane detection systems. Addressing these challenges contributes to the advancement of autonomous vehicles and the realization of safer and more efficient transportation systems.</div></div>
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Marques, Marina Trombin, Zally Siqueira Reges, Felipe Trajano de Freitas Barão, Priscilla Matos, and Danyelle Sadala Reges. "Ultrasound detection of carotid web in a recurrent stroke patient: a case report." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.758.
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Introduction: Carotid web is an intimal variant of fibromuscular dysplasia, leading to a shelf-like linear defect in the internal carotid bulb. It is a rare, but important embolic etiology for stroke in young patients without conventional cardiovascular risk factors, with a high recurrence rate. Carotid ultrasound is a low-cost, widely available tool in stroke investigation and can be useful as a diagnostic tool for carotid web, as described in this case. Methods: Case report of a patient with recurrent stroke secondary to carotid web, detected by ultrasound, obtained by medical records. Case report: A 57-year-old female patient, with a history of obesity treated with bariatric surgery 7 years ago, presented three episodes of stroke, all in the right anterior circulation. In all of them she presented left side weakness and paresthesia. She remained only with left side paresthesia after those events. The recurrent events happened despite using aspirin and double antiplatelet treatment. A carotid ultrasound was performed and detected a shelf-like, thin band of intima in the posterior wall of the right internal carotid artery. Endarterectomy treatment was performed, and she has been stable ever since with aspirin. Conclusion: Ultrasound is an increasingly available, non-invasive method performed bedside. Although it is a useful diagnostic tool to detect carotid web, it is still a challenging diagnosis, probably due to the lack of awareness among examiners. Given the high rates of stroke recurrence related to carotid web, a careful ultrasound examination and meticulous imaging analysis probably allows earlier diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Reports on the topic "Case Detection Rate"
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McMahan, Tara, Barbara Padgett, Benjamin Hanna, and Tom Bubenik. PR-186-203813-R02 Pipeline Mid-wall Defect Detection and Fitness for Service Assessment. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012228.
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Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) within the wall of line pipe is a threat recognized by the pipeline industry; the industry could benefit from a standardize approach to determining threat susceptibility as well as a methodology to estimate the anticipated growth rate of HIC given a set of pipe design, environmental conditions, and operational parameters. The overall objectives of this project were to compile historical literature and references toward understanding HIC as a cracking mechanism and to develop preliminary susceptibility criteria for the threat of HIC. A better understanding of the threat of HIC will reduce product leaks and equipment emissions from all parts of the hydrocarbon transport and storage infrastructure as well as better prepare for the quickly approaching hydrogen economy. A literature review on the current industry understanding of mid-wall HIC[1] was conducted. A summary of key factors influencing HIC and modern integrity management approaches for the phenomenon are summarized. Based on the literature review, gaps in published industry knowledge were identified. A literature review was also conducted on the performance of non-destructive examination (NDE) techniques (both in-line and field) and their ability to detect and size mid-wall HIC. A description of the techniques (considering liquid and gas mediums for in-line technologies) and the current understanding of their performance are summarized. Several case studies that were used to assess non-destructive inspection performance are also summarized. Based upon the current industry understanding of the mid-wall HIC mechanism, as well as the capabilities of NDE technologies, an integrity management framework was developed and is described. As a result of the literature reviews, case studies, and framework development, a number of gaps in industry knowledge and experience were identified. Most importantly, there is a need for continuous improvement of NDE technologies. Results of the gap analysis should be used to drive work to mitigate the onset of mid-wall HIC and to identify the presence of mid-wall cracking so that the threat can be actively and effectively managed. [1] The terms mid-wall cracking (MWC) and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) are synonymous in this report.
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Bryant, C. A., S. A. Wilks, and C. W. Keevil. Survival of SARS-CoV-2 on the surfaces of food and food packaging materials. Food Standards Agency, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kww583.
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COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first reported in China in December 2019. The virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently responsible for 500 million reported cases and over 6.4 million deaths. A risk assessment published by the Foods Standards Agency (FSA) in 2020 (Opens in a new window) concluded that it was very unlikely that you could catch coronavirus via food. This assessment included the worst-case assumption that, if food became contaminated during production, no significant inactivation of virus would occur before consumption. However, the rate of inactivation of virus on products sold at various temperatures was identified as a key uncertainty, because if inactivation does occur more rapidly in some situations, then a lower risk may be more appropriate. This project was commissioned to measure the rate of inactivation of virus on the surface of various types of food and food packaging, reducing that uncertainty. The results will be used to consider whether the assumption currently made in the risk assessment remains appropriate for food kept at a range of temperatures, or whether a lower risk is more appropriate for some. We conducted a laboratory-based study, artificially contaminating infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the surfaces of foods and food packaging. We measured how the amount of infectious virus present on those surfaces declined over time, at a range of temperatures and relative humidity levels, reflecting typical storage conditions. We tested broccoli, peppers, apple, raspberry, cheddar cheese, sliced ham, olives, brine from the olives, white and brown bread crusts, croissants and pain au chocolat. The foods tested were selected as they are commonly sold loose on supermarket shelves or uncovered at deli counters or market stalls, they may be difficult to wash, and they are often consumed without any further processing i.e. cooking. The food packaging materials tested were polyethylene terephthalate (PET1) trays and bottles; aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons. These were selected as they are the most commonly used food packaging materials or consumption of the product may involve direct mouth contact with the packaging. Results showed that virus survival varied depending on the foods and food packaging examined. In several cases, infectious virus was detected for several hours and in some cases for several days, under some conditions tested. For a highly infectious agent such as SARS-CoV-2, which is thought to be transmissible by touching contaminated surfaces and then the face, this confirmation is significant. For most foods tested there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours. However, for cheddar cheese and sliced ham, stored in refrigerated conditions and a range of relative humidity, the virus levels remained high up to a week later, when the testing period was stopped. Both cheddar cheese and sliced ham have high moisture, protein and saturated fat content, possibly offering protection to the virus. When apples and olives were tested, the virus was inactivated to the limit of detection very quickly, within an hour, when the first time point was measured. We suggest that chemicals, such as flavonoids, present in the skin of apples and olives inactivate the virus. The rate of viral decrease was rapid, within a few hours, for croissants and pain au chocolat. These pastries are both coated with a liquid egg wash, which may have an inhibitory effect on the virus. Food packaging materials tested had variable virus survival. For all food packaging, there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours, in all relative humidity conditions and at both 6°C and 21°C; these included PET1 bottles and trays, aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons.
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Weinschenk, Craig, Daniel Madrzykowski, and Paul Courtney. Impact of Flashover Fire Conditions on Exposed Energized Electrical Cords and Cables. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hdmn5904.
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A set of experiments was conducted to expose different types of energized electrical cords for lamps, office equipment, and appliances to a developing room fire exposure. All of the cords were positioned on the floor and arranged in a manner to receive a similar thermal exposure. Six types of cords commonly used as power supply cords, extension cords, and as part of residential electrical wiring systems were chosen for the experiments. The non-metallic sheathed cables (NMB) typically found in residential electrical branch wiring were included to provide a link to previous research. The basic test design was to expose the six different types of cords, on the floor of a compartment to a growing fire to determine the conditions under which the cord would trip the circuit breaker and/or undergo an arc fault. All of the cords would be energized and installed on a non-combustible surface. Six cord types (18-2 SPT1, 16-3 SJTW, 12-2 NM-B, 12-3 NM-B, 18-3 SVT, 18-2 NISPT-2) and three types of circuit protection (Molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), combination Arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)) were exposed to six room-scale fires. The circuit protection was remote from the thermal exposure. The six room fires consisted of three replicate fires with two sofas as the main fuel source, two replicate fires with one sofa as the main fuel source and one fire with two sofas and MDF paneling on three walls in the room. Each fuel package was sufficient to support flashover conditions in the room and as a result, the impact on the cords and circuit protection was not significantly different. The average peak heat release rate of the sofa fueled compartment fires with gypsum board ceiling and walls was 6.8 MW. The addition of vinyl covered MDF wall paneling on three of the compartment walls increased the peak heat release rate to 12 MW, although most of the increased energy release occurred outside of the compartment opening. In each experiment during post flashover exposure, the insulation on the cords ignited and burned through, exposing bare conductor. During this period the circuits faulted. The circuit protection devices are not designed to provide thermal protection, and, thus, were installed remote from the fire. The devices operated as designed in all experiments. All of the circuit faults resulted in either a magnetic trip of the conventional circuit breaker or a ground-fault trip in the GFCI or AFCI capable circuit protection devices. Though not required by UL 1699, Standard for Safety for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters as the solution for detection methodology, the AFCIs used had differential current detection. Examination of signal data showed that the only cord types that tripped with a fault to ground were the insulated conductors in non-metallic sheathed cables (12-2 NM-B and 12-3 NM-B). This was expected due to the bare grounding conductor present. Assessments of both the thermal exposure and physical damage to the cords did not reveal any correlation between the thermal exposure, cord damage, and trip type.
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Brydie, Dr James, Dr Alireza Jafari, and Stephanie Trottier. PR-487-143727-R01 Modelling and Simulation of Subsurface Fluid Migration from Small Pipeline Leaks. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011025.
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The dispersion and migration behavior of hydrocarbon products leaking at low rates (i.e. 1bbl/day and 10 bbl/day) from a pipeline have been studied using a combination of experimental leakage tests and numerical simulations. The focus of this study was to determine the influence of subsurface engineered boundaries associated with the trench walls, and the presence of a water table, upon the leakage behavior of a range of hydrocarbon products. The project numerically modelled three products including diesel, diluted bitumen (dilbit) and gasoline; which were chosen to span a range of fluid types and viscosities. Laboratory simulations of leakage were carried out for the most viscous product (i.e. dilbit) in order to capture plume dispersion in semi-real time, and to allow numerical predictions to be assessed against experimental data. Direct comparisons between observed plume dimensions over time and numerically predicted behavior suggested a good match under low moisture conditions, providing confidence that the numerical simulation was sufficiently reliable to model field-scale applications. Following a simulated two year initialization period, the leakage of products, their associated gas phase migration, thermal and geomechanical effects were simulated for a period of 365 days. Comparisons between product leakage rate, product type and soil moisture content were made and the spatial impacts of leakage were summarized. Variably compacted backfill within the trench, surrounded by undisturbed and more compacted natural soils, results porosity and permeability differences which control the migration of liquids, gases, thermal effects and surface heave. Dilbit migration is influenced heavily by the trench, and also its increasing viscosity as it cools and degases after leakage. Diesel and gasoline liquid plumes are also affected by the trench structure, but to a lesser extent, resulting in wider and longer plumes in the subsurface. In all cases, the migration of liquids and gases is facilitated by higher permeability zones at the base of the pipe. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) migrate along the trench and break through at the surface within days of the leak. Temperature changes within the trench may increase due liquid migration, however the change in predicted temperature at the surface above the leak is less than 0.5�C above background. For gasoline, the large amount of degassing and diffusion through the soil results in cooling of the soil by up to 1�C. Induced surface displacement was predicted for dilbit and for one case of diesel, but only in the order of 0.2cm above baseline. Based upon the information gathered, recommendations are provided for the use and placement of generic leak detection sensor types (e.g liquid, gas, thermal, displacement) within the trench and / or above the ground surface. The monitoring locations suggested take into account requirements to detect pipeline leakage as early as possible in order to facilitate notification of the operator and to predict the potential extent of site characterization required during spill response and longer term remediation activities.
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Kahwati, Leila, Matthew Avenarius, Leslie Brouwer, et al. Blood-Based Tests for Multiple Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review. AHRQ, 2025. https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcsrmultiple.
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Objectives. Screening for multiple cancers in a single blood test is potentially transformative. The objective of this review was to assess the benefits, harms, and accuracy of screening with blood-based multicancer screening tests (MCST) in asymptomatic adults. Data sources. Medline, Cochrane Library, trial registries, relevant government and commercial websites through December 2024; surveillance was conducted through March 31, 2025. Study Selection. Eligible designs included controlled studies for benefit outcomes (e.g., cancer mortality, cancer detection, quality of life), controlled and uncontrolled studies for harm outcomes (e.g., psychosocial distress, adverse events, decrease in standard-of-care screening), and test accuracy studies conducted in external validation populations. Data Extraction and Synthesis. One investigator extracted data and a second checked for accuracy. Two reviewers independently rated risk of bias for included studies using predefined criteria. Results were synthesized narratively. Results. The search yielded 12,043 unique records. No controlled studies evaluated the benefits of screening. One cohort study reported that receipt of standard-of-care lung cancer screening was similar between a group that received the MCST and a group that was eligible but did not receive it (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.47 to 5.31). This same study reported no serious adverse events among the 108 women with false-positive results, but 101 had unnecessary radiation exposure from positron emission tomography–computed tomography scans. Twenty studies (total N=109,177) reported on test accuracy for 19 MCSTs that used various biomarkers (cell-free DNA or RNA, proteins, other) and analytic approaches. Of these, 13 high risk-of-bias studies used case-control designs to estimate sensitivity from cases with known cancer and specificity from cancer-free controls (diagnostic performance). Seven studies (5 high risk of bias, 2 unclear risk of bias) reported prediagnostic performance from testing cancer-free, asymptomatic cohorts with followup over 6 months to 1.5 years to ascertain cancer status. Accuracy outcomes varied widely across tests, subgroups, and study designs. The sensitivity for the detection of cancer ranged from 0.095 to 0.998, specificity ranged from 0.657 to 1.0, and area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.52 to 1.0. Sensitivity and AUC were lower in prediagnostic performance studies compared with diagnostic performance studies. Limitations. English-language studies only; heterogeneity precluded quantitative synthesis. Conclusions. We identified no controlled studies of MCSTs that reported on benefits of screening (e.g., mortality, cancer detection, quality of life), though some studies are ongoing. The accuracy of MCSTs varied by test and study design; evidence was insufficient to evaluate harms of screening.
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Paxton, Barton, and Chance Hines. Black rail inventory at Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras national seashores. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304485.
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The black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) is the most secretive of the secretive marsh birds and one of the least understood species in North America. On the east coast, eastern black rails historically bred in tidal and freshwater marshes along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts, south to Florida. Within the mid-Atlantic region suitable black rail habitat is concentrated in the high marsh along the upper elevational zone of salt marshes. This zone is dominated by salt meadow hay (Spartina patens), saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), and is often interspersed with shrubs such as marsh elder (Iva frutescens) or saltbush (Baccharis hamilifolia). North Carolina has been a stronghold for eastern black rails within the mid-Atlantic region, with the marsh complexes associated with the lower Pamlico sound supporting one of largest concentrations and highest densities of eastern black rails throughout their range. However, even within these marshes, eastern black rail populations have experienced declines marked by reductions in occupied sites and decline in numbers within historic strongholds. Evidenced by increasing confinement to the highest portions of the high marsh in recent years, sea-level rise and increased rates of high marsh inundation are likely a major contributing factor to declines. With the population of eastern black rails declining over 75% in the last 10-20 years, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service formally listed the eastern black rail as threatened under the endangered species act on 9 November 2020 (USFWS 2020). To fulfill the need for information to guide management decisions on projects at Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras National Seashores and to aide in (potential?) future designations of critical habitat, we conducted widespread, systematic surveys for black rails and other secretive marsh birds within the parks during the breeding seasons of 2022 and 2023. A total of 1,222 surveys were conducted at 431 points over the course of 2 years. In addition to recording detections of all focal species, we recorded detections of 6 eastern black rails on North Core Banks where they were not previously known to occur. The population of black rails occupying the high marsh habitat on North Core Banks could account for 5-10% of the North Carolina black rail population and increase the known sites occupied within the state.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique: Epidemiology, Disease Control and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.035.
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Malaria, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are significant public health concerns in Mozambique. Malaria was the fourth leading cause of death in the country in 2019, accounting for 42% of deaths among children under 5 years of age (Mugabe et al., 2021; USAID, 2018). Mozambique is among the top eight countries with the highest HIV prevalence; with the second highest mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate in the world (Fuente-Soro et al., 2021; Nacarapa et al., 2021). The incidence of TB is rising, with pediatric TB cases almost tripling in recent years (WHO, 2020b; Nguenha et al., 2018; Orlando et al., 2018). Mozambique has one of the highest global incidence of malaria-HIV and TB-HIV co-infection, which raises the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes (Moon et al., 2019; USAID, 2018). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique and challenges in prevention, detection and treatment; and surveys select interventions that seek to address these challenges. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique: Epidemiology, Disease Control and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.035.
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Malaria, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are significant public health concerns in Mozambique. Malaria was the fourth leading cause of death in the country in 2019, accounting for 42% of deaths among children under 5 years of age (Mugabe et al., 2021; USAID, 2018). Mozambique is among the top eight countries with the highest HIV prevalence; with the second highest mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate in the world (Fuente-Soro et al., 2021; Nacarapa et al., 2021). The incidence of TB is rising, with pediatric TB cases almost tripling in recent years (WHO, 2020b; Nguenha et al., 2018; Orlando et al., 2018). Mozambique has one of the highest global incidence of malaria-HIV and TB-HIV co-infection, which raises the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes (Moon et al., 2019; USAID, 2018). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique and challenges in prevention, detection and treatment; and surveys select interventions that seek to address these challenges. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique: Epidemiology, Disease Control and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.035.
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Malaria, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are significant public health concerns in Mozambique. Malaria was the fourth leading cause of death in the country in 2019, accounting for 42% of deaths among children under 5 years of age (Mugabe et al., 2021; USAID, 2018). Mozambique is among the top eight countries with the highest HIV prevalence; with the second highest mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate in the world (Fuente-Soro et al., 2021; Nacarapa et al., 2021). The incidence of TB is rising, with pediatric TB cases almost tripling in recent years (WHO, 2020b; Nguenha et al., 2018; Orlando et al., 2018). Mozambique has one of the highest global incidence of malaria-HIV and TB-HIV co-infection, which raises the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes (Moon et al., 2019; USAID, 2018). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique and challenges in prevention, detection and treatment; and surveys select interventions that seek to address these challenges. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Zhang, Chunxi, Fangfang Xie, Runchang Li, Ningxin Cui, and Jiayuan Sun. Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0115.
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Review question / Objective: What is the overall diagnostic yield and complication rate of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions? Condition being studied: Many of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) may represent early-stage lung cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer are crucial for a better prognosis. With the widespread use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), the detection rate of PPLs is increasing. As a result, the number of PPLs requiring biopsy is progressively increasing. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) are the main modalities of non-surgical biopsy for PPLs. TTNA has a diagnostic yield of 90%, however, it also has a pneumothorax rate of 25%. Since TBLB avoids destroying the structure of normal pleura and lung tissue, the incidence of complications is lower. Unfortunately, traditional flexible bronchoscopy has a modest sensitivity of 34% and 63% for lesions 2 cm, respectively. The advent of guided bronchoscopy has increased the diagnostic yield to 70%. However, there is still a gap in diagnostic yield compared with TTNA. The advent of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) is expected to further improve the diagnostic yield of TBLB for PPLs. However, the diagnostic performance of RAB for PPLs has not reached a consensus.