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Dempsey, Kim Marie. "The impact of additional time on LSAT scores does time really matter? : The efficacy of making decisions on a case-by-case basis /." View full text, 2003.
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Mangezi, Mutsa. "International law before municipal courts: the role of International Court of Justice decisions in domestic court proceedings with specific reference to United States case examples." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007325.
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In the case of LaGrand (Germany v United States), the International Court of Justice held that the United States (US) had violated its international obligation to Germany under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations when it executed two German nationals without first informing them of their consular rights. The case came before the court after the United States had disregarded a preliminary ruling passed by the IC], which directed the US not to execute the German nationals pending the outcome of the ICJ case. The decision raised the issue of the effect of ICJ decisions in domestic proceedings and the effectiveness of ICJ enforcement mechanisms. This thesis considers the possibility of a role for national courts as active enforcers of ICJ decisions. It is argued that whilst evidence shows that there is no legal obligation on courts to enforce ICJ decisions, there is certainly room in international law to facilitate this development. In support of this argument, the thesis demonstrates how basic presuppositions about international law have shifted over the last few decades. This shift has been both the impetus and the result of globalisation. The case of LaGrand alongside similar cases is used to show how national courts may play an increased role in the enforcement of ICJ decisions.
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Ramirez, Carlos. "Analysis of Texas Education Agency Commissioner of Education Decisions Regarding Superintendent, Associate Superintendent, School Administrator, Athletic Director and Central Office Administrator Term Contract Nonrenewal Appeals From 1983 to 2013." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700004/.
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I conducted a legal analysis of decisions by Texas Commissioners of Education in appeals by Texas school administrators from nonrenewal decisions made by Texas school districts from 1983 to 2013. I analyzed the findings of fact and conclusions of law described in the commissioners’ rulings to determine the legal basis of school districts’ decisions to nonrenew school administrators’ term employment contracts. I also examined the legal rationale for commissioners’ rulings and determined which party most commonly prevailed in these administrative proceedings—the respondent school district or the petitioner school administrator. In particular, the study determined factors that contributed to commissioners’ decisions to overrule or support school districts’ nonrenewal decisions. A careful review of commissioner decisions, which are accessible on the Texas Education Association website, identified 44 commissioner decisions involving appeals by superintendents, associate superintendents, public school administrators, athletic directors, or central office administrators concerning school districts’ term contract nonrenewal decisions from 1983 to 2013. Commissioners’ decisions in these cases were surveyed using legal research methods. This study provides recommendations to assist local education agencies to refine current policies and regulations regarding the nonrenewal of administrators’ term contracts, and provides insight on Texas Commissioners’ rulings on term contract nonrenewal appeals brought by Texas school administrators. The findings revealed that school boards’ lack of understanding of local policies and lack of evidence resulted in commissioners granting 27% of appeals. Additionally, commissioners denied 73% of the appeals because school boards provided at least one reason that met the substantial evidence standard of review, and respondents failed to substantiate allegations or enter evidence in evidentiary hearings.
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Bim, Eduardo Araújo. "A jurisprudência trabalhista e sua importância ao jurisdicionado." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5913.
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Previous issue date: 2012-06-01The contemporary society craves a renowned justice, qualitative and which well serve as a guiding tool, capable of pointing the direction that the courts are waving in relation to each law. This study aims to see that this important social claim is achieved through case law in its different forms. In the specific context of the Labour Process, the research pointed out that the case-law itself does not represent an adequately way of making society feel comfortable enough about the rights they seek for. It is essential, however, to surround the court decisions by making it robust and, therefore, we have developed studies about the surrounded case-law by guiding principles, translated from its origin as well as sources and principles of legal certainty, the perfect juridical act and res judicata. We also tried to elaborate an analysis on the context of the case-law as a fundamental guarantee of the individuals who both seek to bring findings about the ways of Power between the Union s Advisory Bodies, especially the judiciary judicial branch from which emanates the decisions, those ones that are capable of bringing social peace to a particular historical and cultural context for a plaintiff firm in a democratic state of law
A sociedade contemporânea anseia por uma justiça célere, qualitativa e que sirva de instrumento norteador, capaz de apontar a direção que os Tribunais estão a acenar relativamente a cada Direito. O presente estudo visa constatar que este importante reclame social é atingido através da jurisprudência nas suas mais diferentes formas. No âmbito específico do Processo do Trabalho, aponta-se nesta pesquisa que, a jurisprudência sozinha, não representa uma forma cabal de fazer com que a sociedade se sinta confortável em relação aos direitos que almeja. É fundamental, porém cercar a decisões judiciais tornando-a robusta e, para isso, desenvolvemos estudos sobre a jurisprudência cercada de princípios norteadores, desde seu nascedouro assim traduzido como fontes e os princípios da segurança jurídica, do ato jurídico perfeito e da coisa julgada. Buscou-se também elaborar analise sobre a jurisprudência num contexto de garantia fundamental do indivíduo e, para tanto, procurou-se trazer constatações sobre as formas de Poder entre os Órgãos da União, principalmente do Poder Judiciário donde emanam as decisões, estas, capaz de trazer a paz social num determinado contexto histórico-cultural para uma reclamante sociedade pertencente a um Estado Democrático de Direito
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Tagny, Ngompe Gildas. "Méthodes D'Analyse Sémantique De Corpus De Décisions Jurisprudentielles." Thesis, IMT Mines Alès, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAL0002.
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Une jurisprudence est un corpus de décisions judiciaires représentant la manière dont sont interprétées les lois pour résoudre un contentieux. Elle est indispensable pour les juristes qui l'analysent pour comprendre et anticiper la prise de décision des juges. Son analyse exhaustive est difficile manuellement du fait de son immense volume et de la nature non-structurée des documents. L'estimation du risque judiciaire par des particuliers est ainsi impossible car ils sont en outre confrontés à la complexité du système et du langage judiciaire. L'automatisation de l'analyse des décisions permet de retrouver exhaustivement des connaissances pertinentes pour structurer la jurisprudence à des fins d'analyses descriptives et prédictives. Afin de rendre la compréhension d'une jurisprudence exhaustive et plus accessible, cette thèse aborde l'automatisation de tâches importantes pour l'analyse métier des décisions judiciaires. En premier, est étudiée l'application de modèles probabilistes d'étiquetage de séquences pour la détection des sections qui structurent les décisions de justice, d'entités juridiques, et de citations de lois. Ensuite, l'identification des demandes des parties est étudiée. L'approche proposée pour la reconnaissance des quanta demandés et accordés exploite la proximité entre les sommes d'argent et des termes-clés appris automatiquement. Nous montrons par ailleurs que le sens du résultat des juges est identifiable soit à partir de termes-clés prédéfinis soit par une classification des décisions. Enfin, pour une catégorie donnée de demandes, les situations ou circonstances factuelles où sont formulées ces demandes sont découvertes par regroupement non supervisé des décisions. A cet effet, une méthode d'apprentissage d'une distance de similarité est proposée et comparée à des distances établies. Cette thèse discute des résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur des données réelles annotées manuellement. Le mémoire propose pour finir une démonstration d'applications à l'analyse descriptive d'un grand corpus de décisions judiciaires françaisesA case law is a corpus of judicial decisions representing the way in which laws are interpreted to resolve a dispute. It is essential for lawyers who analyze it to understand and anticipate the decision-making of judges. Its exhaustive analysis is difficult manually because of its immense volume and the unstructured nature of the documents. The estimation of the judicial risk by individuals is thus impossible because they are also confronted with the complexity of the judicial system and language. The automation of decision analysis enable an exhaustive extraction of relevant knowledge for structuring case law for descriptive and predictive analyses. In order to make the comprehension of a case law exhaustive and more accessible, this thesis deals with the automation of some important tasks for the expert analysis of court decisions. First, we study the application of probabilistic sequence labeling models for the detection of the sections that structure court decisions, legal entities, and legal rules citations. Then, the identification of the demands of the parties is studied. The proposed approach for the recognition of the requested and granted quanta exploits the proximity between sums of money and automatically learned key-phrases. We also show that the meaning of the judges' result is identifiable either from predefined keywords or by a classification of decisions. Finally, for a given category of demands, the situations or factual circumstances in which those demands are made, are discovered by clustering the decisions. For this purpose, a method of learning a similarity distance is proposed and compared with established distances. This thesis discusses the experimental results obtained on manually annotated real data. Finally, the thesis proposes a demonstration of applications to the descriptive analysis of a large corpus of French court decisions
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Costa, Vladimir Morcillo da. "Prova pericial no processo penal: motivação e controle das decisões judiciais." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1974.
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Tendo como premissas a conformação constitucional do Estado de Direito e das garantias processuais, este estudo pretende ser uma contribuição à dicsussão acerca da utilização da prova pericial, sua admissibilidade, valoração controle, no sistema processual brasileiro. O Estado Democrático de Direito impõe aos seus agentes a motivação, não somente das decisões judiciais, mas de todos os atos que tenham cunho decisório, e imponham alguma restrição, por menor que seja, à liberdade do indivíduo. Por sua vez, o contraditório, expressão do princípio político da participação democrática, afirma a necessidade de possibilitar a participação do indivíduo na formação de uma decisão que afete sua esfera de interesses. A orientação do processo como instrumento a serviço da realização da justiça, e da construção de decisões justas, pressupõe o correto acertamento da verdade fática. Isto impõe que seja adotada uma concepção do fenômeno probatório que a compreenda como um instrumento demonstrativo e epistemológico. Nessa perspectiva, a utilização da prova pericial, especialmente aquelas que se revestem de cunho científico, se mostra um eficaz meio da obtenção da verdade no processo, desde que, tais provas sejam relevantes e confiáveis, demonstrando a necessidade de seu controle.Taking as premises the conformation of the constitutional rule of law and procedural safeguards, this study is a contribution to the dicsussion about the use of expert evidence, its admissibility, and valuation control, at the Brazilian procedural system. The Democratic State imposes on its agents the motivation, not only of judgments, but of all the acts that have decision-making matrix, and impose some restrictions, however small, in the freedom of the individual. In turn, the contradictory, expression of political principle of democratic participation, says the need to enable participation of the individual in forming a decision that affects their area of interest. The orientation of the process as a tool in the service of achieving justice, and the construction of fair decisions, presupposes a correct assertion of factual truth. This requires that adopted a conception of the phenomenon that the evidence as a tool to understand and epistemological statement. From this perspective, the use of expert testimony, especially those which are of a scientific nature, proves an effective means of obtaining the truth in the process, provided that such evidence is relevant and reliable, demonstrating the need for its control.
7
Burton, Mandy. "The Crown Prosecution Service : decision making in cases of assault." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365855.
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Oei, Hong Lim. "The recombinant DNA case: balancing scientific and political decision-making." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40076.
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Poloka, Patricia L. "Law Enforcement Leader Decision-Making and Resource Allocation for Veterans in Crisis| Case Study." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10978119.
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Encounters between civilian law enforcement (CLE) and combat veterans may end in incarceration. Police Chiefs should consider this when allocating resources. The Sequential Intercept Model (SIM) is a conceptual framework designed to provide a guide to Police Chiefs for decision-making particularly for the benefit of combat veteran encounters. The qualitative method with case study research design utilized for this study was intended to examine the decision-making processes of law enforcement leaders regarding resource allocation. The University of Phoenix Library was the primary source for research of scholarly work. The target audience for the research was 26% of the Police Chiefs in police agencies with 25 members or less in Beaver County, Western Pennsylvania. The perception of Police Chiefs was examined in individual telephone interviews. The data collected during interviews were analyzed for trends in perception and decision-making processes. Data included interviews, training records and budgetary documents. The results are intended as a resource for police leaders for decision-making processes and for the benefit of public safety, officer safety and the individual combat veterans. Field notes and transcribed interviews were downloaded into NVivo software for analysis and emerging themes. Four emerging themes were: Need for decision-making processes, more funding is needed for training, training for police related to combat veteran encounters may help with jail diversion for combat veterans, and organizational efficiency through maintaining training records of police officers is necessary. Without changes based on emerging themes, a reduction in the veteran incarceration rate may not occur.
10
Hilder, Carolyn Hayley Jane. "The Role of the family in cases of disputed medical decision making." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/474.
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This doctoral thesis considers the family’s role in the process of making medical treatment decisions for one of its members. Chapter 1 explores the meaning of family in the context of illness and disability. It is suggested that membership is not defined by biological or marital status but by interdependence, which also provides the moral and logical claim for a role of influence in treatment decisions. Chapter 2 considers various ethical frameworks for development of an inclusive decision-making framework, using fictional case studies. Chapter 3 examines the historical development of the legal framework for the resolution of treatment disputes revealing the ‘invention’ of a common law jurisdiction in respect of adults lacking capacity in order to meet perceived social need. Chapter 4 examines the unifying concept of the various jurisdictions in respect of adults and children, namely the patient’s ‘best interests’. Decided cases are categorised by their principal issue to demonstrate that the judicial concept of best interests has been shaped by core values intrinsic to those issues, leaving consideration of the interdependence inherent in the family context side-lined. That such disregard is not a necessary corollary of the mechanisms adopted for decision-making is shown by comparison with later cases of paternity testing disputes. Chapter 5 traces the last throes of the inherent jurisdiction through political engagement and the Bournewood litigation. Finally chapter 6 assesses the provisions of the Mental Capacity Act 2005. It is argued that, although the statutory test of ‘best interests’ is susceptible to familyfriendly considerations, the general authority limits involvement of families to trivial matters.
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Veale, Martin Orla. "Advance care directives and medical treatment decision-making: preserving patient autonomy." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123329.
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The principle of autonomy allows each person control over his or her body, and, consequently, to decide what medical treatment he or she will accept or refuse. However, where the individual does not have the ability, or capacity, to make such a decision, they may be subjected to medical treatment carried out in what a substitute decision-maker perceives to be their "best interests", which may not conform to their previous wishes that were reached autonomously. In order to preserve autonomy in the anticipation of a lack of capacity, individuals can formalise their health care plans in documents known as advance care directives. In many common law jurisdictions, the use of these types of documents is provided for by legislation. In this thesis I aim to review the legality of these directives where there is no legislation providing for their use, using Ireland as a case study, as the statutory law in Ireland is currently silent on this issue.I propose that the principle of autonomy which is protected under Irish law allows for the use of advance care directives without the need for legislation. I set out the criteria, as I see them, of a lawful advance care directive under Irish legal jurisdiction. I will address this issue by reviewing the Irish law in relation to the right to autonomy, the criteria for assessment of capacity, and health care decision-making, drawing on relevant examples from other common law jurisdictions.Le principe d'autonomie permet à chacun de prendre les décisions relatives à son corps, et par conséquent, permet à l'individu de décider quel traitement médical accepter ou refuser. Toutefois, lorsque l'individu n'a pas la capacité de décider, il ou elle peut être soumis à des traitements médicaux qu'un décideur substitut considère être en son « meilleur intérêt ». Cette décision n'est pas nécessairement conforme aux désirs exprimés par la personne traitée alors qu'elle en avait la capacité. Pour préserver leur autonomie alors qu'ils en ont encore la capacité, certains rédigent un document appelé directive préalable de traitement. Dans plusieurs juridictions de « common law », ces directives font l'objet d'un cadre législatif. Cette thèse considère la légalité de telles directives dans les juridictions dépourvues d'un tel cadre législatif et utilise l'Irlande comme étude de cas parce que le droit statutaire irlandais ne se prononce pas sur les directives préalables de traitement.
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Greening, Megan. "Contextualizing the Law: Sentencing Decisions of Sexual Assault Cases of Dallas County, 1999-2005." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5461/.
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The incidence of sexual assault inundates the courts with many cases each year. Given the unique nature of the crime, judges and juries are faced with an array of different scenarios to which they are required to make fair, justifiable and consistent decisions. I examine child sexual assault cases of Dallas County 1999-2005, I look at both legal and extralegal factors including case characteristics, institutional characteristics and characteristics of the defendants and the victims. First, I examine the impact of the independent variables on sentence length using regression analysis to determine influences on sentencing for judges and juries. Second, I examine the same factors using Probit analysis to determine which characteristics make a life sentence more probable for those decision-makers.
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Lindquist, Kirsten M. "Child care's journey to the decision agenda : a case study /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05022009-040652/.
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Serfling, Matthew. "Firing Costs and Capital Structure Decisions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555889.
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I explore the passage of wrongful discharge laws by U.S. state courts that allow workers to sue employers for unjust dismissal as an exogenous increase in employee firing costs. I find that firms reduce debt ratios following the adoption of these laws, and this result is strongest for subsamples of firms that experience larger increases in expected firing costs. Following the passage of these laws, firms also increase cash holdings, firms save more cash out of cash flows, and investors place a higher value on each additional dollar of cash holdings. Overall, my results indicate that employee firing costs can have an important impact on corporate financial policy decisions.
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Hedge, Krystal Anne. "Judicial decision making in Atkins cases| Examining the influence of psychological reports and judicial attitudes." Thesis, The University of Alabama, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3726077.
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The impact of psychological assessment report style (i.e., deficit- versus strength-based reports), report content (e.g., claimant educational background, details of the instant offense, prison behavior), and judicial attitudes toward intellectual disability (ID) were assessed with regard to judicial decision-making in a mock Atkins case. A between-groups study (i.e., strength- and deficit-based report groups) was conducted through the use of a mixed-mode design. Participants included 122 judges serving in either federal or state courts.
Results supported the hypothesis that the style in which a psychological assessment report is written is influential in final case outcome. Specifically, the strength-based report group was significantly more likely to find against ID than the deficit-based group, and the deficit-based group was more likely to find in favor of ID than the strength-based group. Contrary to the hypotheses, judicial attitudes toward ID did not predict the extent to which participants weighed certain report content in their final decision (i.e., relevant evidence against ID, not relevant to the decision, relevant evidence in favor of ID). However, the results showed that the extent to which participants weighed the claimant’s index offense to be evidence in support of ID was a significant predictor of final case outcome; when the index offense was viewed as evidence against ID, participants were more likely to find against ID. Personal experience with the ID population was not a significant predictor of final case outcome, but as knowledge of the diagnostic criteria increased, participants were more likely to find in favor of ID. The perceived credibility of the psychologist who authored the mock report did not predict participant agreement with the report’s final conclusion regarding ID.
Overall, the results of this study indicated that the general style in which psychological assessment reports were written influenced judicial decision-making in a mock Atkins case. In addition, the results of this study revealed that attitudes toward and experience with ID were less influential in judicial decision-making than initially believed. Knowledge of ID was revealed to be a significant predictor of final case outcome. The limitations of this study and suggested directions for future research are discussed.
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Ferrari, Ursula. "The Microsoft Case : A reflection on the tying of Windows Media Player and the Commission Decision of 24 March 2004 (Case-COMP/C-3/37.792)." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-104.
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Master’s Thesis in Competition Policy Title: ”The Microsoft Case – A reflection on the tying of Windows Media Player and the Commission Decision of 24 March 2004 (Case COMP/C- 3/37.792)” Author: Ursula Ferrari Tutor: Göran Wahlgren Date: [2005-05-23] Subject terms: Competition Policy, EU law, Abuse of dominance, tying Abstract This Master’s thesis is an analysis of the European Commission Decision in the Microsoft Case-COMP/C-3/37.792 and the tying as an abusive practice prohibited by Article 82 of the EC Treaty. In this case the European Commission (Commission) applied a rule-of-reason approach for the first time to Microsoft’s tying practice and considered it to be anticompetitive. Microsoft tied its Windows Media Player (WMP) to its client operating system Windows and after a thorough analysis done by the Commission, Microsoft was considered to have abused its dominant position. In the past the Commission and the European Court of Justice used a per se illegality approach to tying practices and it was enough to establish that a company which applied the tying strategy was dominant in the tying product market. The hostile approach taken by the Commission and the ECJ has been criticized by economists mainly because tying is a commonly applied business strategy in the world economy and companies apply this be-cause of the economic efficiencies that this business strategy leads to. The efficiency gains are indirectly past on to the consumers in the form of product quality and innovation, reduced transaction costs and lower prices. It is argued that tying in fact increase consumer welfare. Economists would therefore rather see a per se legality approach or at least a rule-of-reason approach in the future. Due to the complexity of the Microsoft case, the Commission had to do a thorough analysis of the actual impact that the tying of WMP had on the market and the foreclosure effects that this strategy might lead to. This was therefore the first time that a rule-of-reason approach was applied on the matter of tying. However, after the Commission’s Decision of the Microsoft case there is still uncertainty in this matter. There is a strong need for future clarification. Microsoft Corporation has lodged an appeal against the Commission’s Decision with the European Court of Justice but it will take several years before the ECJ will be able to give a final judgement of the case. Until then the legal certainty is yet still very unclear.
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Moreton, Kirsty Leigh. "The ethics of care and healthcare decision-making involving children in mid-childhood." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7579/.
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This thesis contends that the traditional legal and ethical approach to healthcare decision-making for children in mid-childhood is insufficient to meet the needs of those children, their families and the professionals that care for them. To address this failing I present a normative framework based on the Ethics of Care to aid in decision-making. My unique contribution to knowledge is first, to focus on children in mid-childhood (age 8 -14 years old); a neglected group in the jurisprudence, and contend that the current interpretation of Gillick competence and best interests fail to fully appreciate the child’s capabilities or accommodate the families views. Secondly, I assert that the Ethics of Care is well placed to address the needs of children in this age group, whilst fostering child participation. To this end I develop a novel Ethic of Care framework, based upon the work of Jo Bridgeman. Thirdly, I undertake a systematic review of the case law, spanning a 26-year period, and chart patterns and trends in judicial thinking. Finally, I test the utility of the framework by applying it to three areas on the legal fringes: end of life care, living organ donation and treatment for gender dysphoria.
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Koublitskaia, Ioulia. "The Relationship between Legal and Extra-legal Factors: How Judges Come to Make their Decisions in Domestic Violence Cases." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1541.
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The purpose of this research is to understand how Trial Court Judges in state and city courts make decisions in domestic violence cases. The researcher examined the relationship between legal (e.g., evidence) and extra-legal factors (e.g., preconceived biases and behaviors related to judicial decision-making) using a qualitative research design. A case study of multiple locations in Orleans and Jefferson Parishes was used whereby a purposive sample of 17 current civil, municipal, and criminal court judges were interviewed. Judicial decision-making strategies were studied via face-to-face interviews, courtroom observations, and content analysis of courtroom communications (e.g., speech, written text, interviews, images, etc.). The researcher discusses future applications of the study as well as the application of findings to assist in exploring judicial decision-making processes. This qualitative research may be beneficial to policy planners, practitioners, and sociologists in gaining insight into the complexity of the judges’ decision-making processes.
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Almac, Ozgur. "Problems Caused By Coastal Law And Decision Making Mechanism In Small Coastal Settlements: Case Study Mugla- Bozburun." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606085/index.pdf.
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In Turkey, there is not a comprehensive (integrated) coastal policy. In addition, there are many different policies and legal regulations describing the implementation processes of these policies and institutional structures emerged as the consequences of these regulations concerning the coastal areas. Although there is a coastal law specified for the coasts, the applicability of the rules determining the utilization principles of the coast and shore strip described with this law administratively has always been controversial.
In the Constitution, the principle of controlling the coasts and shore strips within the framework of public interest and environmental protection was adopted. The valid Coastal Law necesitates the formation of a uniform spatial pattern in the shore strip described in a stable manner. This situation means that the existing characteristics of small coastal settlements, existed in an integration with the sea throughout the history, were ignored and the relations of these settlements with the sea were disconnected. The main target of the thesis is to put forward and critisize to what extent the spatial pattern desired to constitute with the planning approach proposed in the Law is in service of the public interest and principles of environmental protection in the small coastal settlements.
Finally, the implementation problems caused by the Coastal Law in Bozburun are put forward in this thesis. Recommendations are given concerning that the power of planning should be increased in this process and accordingly institutional structure should be rearrenged in stead of the Coastal Law&rsquos proposing similar plan decisions for the coastal settlements at any scale.
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Vega, Montiel Medley Aimée. "La decisión de voto de las amas de casa mexicanas y las noticias electorales televisadas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4182.
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En México, los telediarios coadyuvan o incluso reemplazan a las instituciones políticas en sus tareas de representación y promoción de la participación política de los ciudadanos. Ello se hace evidente en dos sentidos. De acuerdo con diversas investigaciones, durante los procesos electorales, los programas de noticias constituyen la principal fuente de información para las audiencias en México. Por otro lado, estos programas han jugado un papel central en el proceso de transición democrática del país. En consecuencia, la existencia de los telediarios es vista como una condición para la vida democrática. Existe la creencia de que estos programas son los responsable de producir ciudadanos informados y de que la única forma en que pueden participar en la esfera pública del debate político, es a través de los programas de noticias. Este fenómeno toma relevancia en el caso de grupos que históricamente se han encontrado marginados de la esfera pública política, como el de las amas de casa.Estas creencias, eliminan la posibilidad de considerar que otros elementos, o mediaciones, pueden definir la participación política de los ciudadanos, tales como: la construcción social del género, la edad, el nivel socioeconómico, el educativo, así como sus esferas de socialización (incluidas la pública y la privada). De factores que, al mismo tiempo, determinan las formas particulares de las audiencias de mirar e interpretar las noticias televisivas acerca de la política.
Esta Tesis Doctoral aporta cogniciones sobre este fenómeno. Su objetivo principal es el de analizar la relación entre la recepción de noticias sobre las elecciones, emitidas por los telediarios mexicanos, y la decisión de voto de las amas de casa, en el contexto del proceso electoral del año 2000 para la Presidencia de México.
La pregunta de investigación propuesta como eje del trabajo, señala: ¿De qué manera, el acto de exposición a los telediarios contribuye a que las amas de casa: a) conozcan y entiendan un proceso político, b) decidan su voto, y c) conciban sus acciones, identidad y participación política?
La hipótesis central de esta investigación afirma que las noticias electorales producidas por los telediarios son uno de los factores que, al lado del complejo enramado de mediaciones que constituyen la identidad de los sujetos, contribuyen a que las amas de casa mexicanas construyan su ciudadanía y su participación potencial en la esfera pública del debate político.
Con esta finalidad, en la investigación la autora propone un modelo metodológico, al que define como integral, para analizar el proceso de recepción de estos mensajes. Dicho modelo incluye dos observables: por un lado, la cobertura de los telediarios mexicanos al proceso electoral del año 2000 y, por el otro, el proceso de recepción de dichas informaciones, entre las amas de casa.
La presente Tesis Doctoral apuesta por la integración metodológica: utiliza instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos. En el primer caso, el análisis de contenido constituye la herramienta principal para analizar las noticias sobre las elecciones emitidas por los cuatro principales telediarios en México: "Noticiero", "Hechos", "CNI Noticias" y "Noticias". En el segundo caso, son la entrevista en profundidad y el grupo de discusión, los instrumentos con los que se observó el proceso de recepción televisiva entre amas de casa, residentes en el Distrito Federal, con edades entre los 25 y los 60 años, pertenecientes a los tres niveles socioeconómicos básicos (bajo, medio y alto) y con niveles de escolaridad del básico al profesional.
Los hallazgos derivados de esta investigación, ofrecen, por un lado, evidencia de que los telediarios mexicanos no están contribuyendo al proceso de transición democrática del país, en tanto que su interés por informar se encuentra determinado por la lógica comercial que guía a las empresas televisivas, más no por su responsabilidad social.
Por otro lado, esta tesis aporta evidencia en torno a la relación de las Amas de casa con la televisión y la política. Encuentra que el sentimiento de estas mujeres en torno a los políticos es el escepticismo, y frente a la política, el de automarginación. Al mismo tiempo, el trabajo provee de elementos para conocer los factores que median la recepción de estas noticias entre este grupo de audiencia, del papel de estas informaciones en la participación política de estas mujeres y de la desconfianza que estos programas les generan, ya que, de acuerdo a sus testimonios, no promueven la participación política de la audiencia.
Lo que esta investigación concluye es que la relación que guarda estas noticias y la política, entre las amas de casa, se encuentra definida principalmente por la construcción social de su género, mediada por la posición de marginación de estas mujeres en la esfera doméstica y en la pública política.
In Mexico, television news shares or even replaces political institutions in their role of representatives and promoters of political participation, among citizens. That is evident in two ways. According to several studies, during electoral processes TV news become the main way for the audiences to be informed. On the other hand, TV news programs have played a central role in the democratic transition in Mexico. In consequence, television news are seen as a condition of the healthy democracy of the country. There is the belief that TV news programs are responsibles of producing informed citizens and that the only way for mexicans to participate in the public sphere of political debate is through television news. This phenomena takes particular relevance in the case of groups historically marginated of the public sphere, such as housewifes.
All these beliefes, eliminate the possibility to take into account central elements, or mediations, that structure the political participation of people, such as: the social construction of gender, age, socio-economical position, educational level and spheres of socialization (including the domestic and the public). Factors that, at the same time, define particular forms to watch and to interpret television news about politics.
This PhD. Thesis attempts to give empirical evidence to this debate. The main purpose is to analyze the relationship between TV news about the electoral process for the Presidence in Mexico, in 2000, and the way that construction of meaning about them, made by Mexican housewifes, was related with their vote decision -as a form of political participation.
The central question of this research, is: What role do TV news programs play: a) in informing Mexican housewifes about politics, b) in the way they decide their vote about the presidential election and c) in encouraging their political participation?
The main hypothesis of this research suggests that TV news play, neat to main mediations that constitute the identity of people, a central role in the construction of citizenship of housewives and in their political participation.
To reach these purposes, this Thesis proposes a methodological model to analyze the reception process of these messages. This model integrates two observables: in one hand, the coverage of TV news to the electoral process and, on the other hand, the reception process of that news, between housewives.
This research integrates quantitative and qualitative methodology. In the first case, it was the content analysis the main tool to analyze the coverage of four TV news main programs in Mexico ("Noticiero", "Hechos", "CNI Noticias" y "Noticias") to the electoral process. In the second case, it was qualitative methodology, such as focus groups and in-deepth interviews, the main tools used to observe the reception process with Mexican housewifes, living in Mexico City, aged between 25-60 years old, of three main socio-economical strata (low, middle and high) and with different educational levels.
Findings offers, firstly, evidence that TV news programs do not contribute to the democratic transition in Mexico, because their attention to inform is directed by their commercial interests but not by their social responsibility.
Secondly, this research gives empirical substance of Mexican housewives' relationships with the public sphere: their feeling about politicians and politics, that, according to the data, can be expressed by escepticism and margination. It also provides evidence of how these women relate to those television news. Finally, it analyses the role that TV news about the election played in the political participation of the housewives, and about their desbelief in these programs because they do not promote the political participation of the audience.
What this research shows is that the relationship between TV news and politics among housewives, is mainly defined by the social construction of their gender, it means, by the marginated position of these women in the public but in the domestic sphere too.
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Kerner, David Neal. "Impact of a decision aid videotape on young women's attitudes and knowledge about hormone replacement therapy /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9901432.
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Bergeron, Véronique. "May the real surrogate stand up: a pluralist critique of the shared decision-making model in neonatal intensive care." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21987.
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Abstract May the Real Surrogate Stand-Up: A Pluralist Critique of the Shared Decision-Making Model in Neonatal Intensive Care In the fast-paced environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), decisions about the health care of newborns involve multiple - and sometimes competing - normative forces. Informed by critical legal pluralism, this thesis offers an analysis of the normative interactions that emerge when parents and health care professionals meet at the bedside of a critically ill newborn. Using the shared decision-making model favored by the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) in its 2004 position statement on treatment decisions regarding infant, children and adolescents, I claim that in the NICU context consent is not sought in cases of medical certainty, where the best interest of the patient has already been ascertained according to medical norms. Consequently, the "shared" component of decision-making occurs only after the cause for decision-making has been determined by the child's health care team and presented to the child's surrogate decision-makers. Using ethnographic studies on the lived experience of parents in NICU, I question the marked difference between the authority given to parents by Canadian legal and medical guidelines and the authority they are allowed to exercise in fact at their child's bedside. I conclude by a critical reflection on the emergence of plural law in the NICU trough dynamics of parental resistance or conformity to accepted medical norms.Résumé Que le véritable substitut se lève: Une critique pluraliste des décisions partagées aux soins intensifs de nouveau-nés À l'unité des soins intensifs néonataux, les décisions portant sur le traitement des nouveau-nés impliquent une multitude d'influences normatives dont certaines peuvent entrer en compétition. Mettant à contribution le pluralisme juridique critique développé par Martha-Marie Kleinhans et Roderick Macdonald, cette thèse offre une analyse des interactions normatives qui émergent lorsque parents et personnel traitant se rencontrent au chevet d'un nouveau-né à l'état de santé précaire. En me basant sur le modèle de décision partagée favorisé par la Société Canadienne de Pédiatrie dans son énoncé de position sur les décisions médicales concernant les enfants et les adolescents, je soutiens qu'en contexte de soins intensifs néonataux, le consentement des parents n'est recherché qu'en cas d'incertitude ou de neutralité thérapeutique et non lorsque l'intérêt de l'enfant peut être adjugé avec certitude en vertu de critères médicaux. Par conséquent, la dimension « partagée » du processus décisionnel ne prend place que lorsque le personnel traitant estime qu'une incertitude suffisante justifie l'implication des parents dans le processus décisionnel. À l'aide d'études ethnographiques sur l'expérience vécue des parents à l'unité des soins intensifs néonataux, je souligne la différence marquée entre l'autorité décisionnelle donnée aux parents par le droit formel canadien, incluant les directives médicales, et l'autorité qu'ils exercent de facto au chevet de leur enfant. Je conclue par une réflexion critique sur l'émergence du pluralisme juridique aux soins intensifs néonataux par les dynamiques d'accommodement ou de résistance des parents envers les normes médicales en vigueur.
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Hollifield, Kimberly Brooke. "The effect of prior consensual sex between the victim and the offender on the prosecutor's decision to file charges in sexual assault cases." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0328103-135437/unrestricted/HollifieldK040703f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0328103-135437. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Keyserlingk, Edward W. "Treating seriously disabled newborn children : the role of bioethics in formulating decision-making policies in interaction with law and medicine." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72022.
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The goal of this work is to explore the role of theological bioethics in influencing the formulation of existing or proposed policies dealing with treatment decisions for seriously disabled newborns in our pluralist society. Part I of the paper attempts to determine as precisely as possible what bioethics is, particularly Judeo-Christian bioethics. After comparing the latter to the Hippocratic tradition and to secular bioethics, the distinctive characteristics and potential contribution of theological bioethics are identified. The policies then examined in Part II are: medical policies formulated by physicians, bioethical policies proposed by bioethicists and legal policies enunciated by court decisions and legal writers. In each case they are evaluated in the light of a number of specific ethical tests proposed as central to Judeo-Christian bioethics. The paper concludes that Judeo-Christian bioethics has not been particularly influential in our pluralist society. A final section proposes a model treatment policy.
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Herselman, Lodewikus Stephanus. "Lawful, reasonable and fair decision-making in disciplinary cases in secondary schools." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/44144.
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Section 16 A (2) (d), (e) and (f) of the South African Schools Act, Act 84 of 1996 assumes that a school principal has specialised knowledge in interpreting legislation, dealing with disciplinary matters pertaining to learners, educators and support staff, and making disciplinary decisions. The legal framework of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, Act 3 of 2000, as well as section 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, affects disciplinary decision making in education. The need to understand how legislation affects disciplinary decision making is important, because s ection 16 A of the South African Schools Act, Act 84 of 1996 assumes that education managers have the requisite knowledge and understanding of the law when dealing with disciplinary decision making. Disciplinary decisions taken by education managers fall in the domain of administrative law. The Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, Act 3 of 2000, forms the foundation for administrative action that is lawful, reasonable and fair. Since this Act is relatively new, and education managers have a lack of education law knowledge in general, it can be argued that principals might struggle to take disciplinary decisions that are lawful, reasonable and fair. Thus, there is a need to answer the following question: What are the legal requirements that should be considered in taking disciplinary decisions that are lawful, reasonable and fair and how can these disciplinary decisions be made more effectively?
The purpose of the study was to understand the context and content of Section 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, Act 3 of 2000, and Section 16A of the Schools Act , Act 84 of 1996 and how they would positively influence disciplinary decision making in South African education. The main research question was: What are the legal requirements that should be considered in taking disciplinary decisions that are lawful, reasonable and fair and how can these disciplinary decisions be made more effectively?
Chapter 2 answered the research question of which decision-making processes could assist the education manager to take disciplinary decisions that are lawful, reasonable and fair. It was established that principals make frequent use of the rational model for decision making. However, the more comprehensive data-driven decision-making model was proposed. This not only focuses on a single disciplinary decision, but on the cause and trends of all transgressions that exist in a school. This model enables a principal to draw up a plan of action to deal with the cause of the problem.
After analysing the applicable legal framework, the concepts of lawful, reasonable, and fair were defined and interpreted in Chapter 3. An administrative action is lawful when an administrator is duly authorised by law to exercise power. Reasonableness has two elements, namely rationality and proportionality. Rationality means that evidence and information should support a decision an administrator takes, while the purpose of rationality is to avoid an imbalance between the adverse and beneficial effects. The approach to fairness has changed since the pre-democratic era. The main components that are linked to procedural fairness are the common-law principles of audi alteram partem, and nemo iudex in sua causa.
The qualitative approach was followed in this study to shed light on the perceptions of the participants on the meaning of the legal concepts of lawful, reasonable, and fair in disciplinary decision making, and their understanding of the legal framework of this study. Furthermore, this study sought answers to which decision-making processes could assist the education manager, as well as to the advantages of having a disciplinary coordinator to assist education managers in making lawful, reasonable and fair disciplinary decisions.
Convenience and purposeful sampling was used because the schools were conveniently located. Four secondary school principals in Cape Town were chosen, as well as two officials from the Western Cape Department of Education. The reason for purposive sampling was that two of the four schools that were selected had to have a discipline coordinator. Semi-structured interviews were held with the abovementioned principals and officials to answer the main research question.
The following information emerged from the semi-structured interviews which were incorporated in the data-driven, decision-making model of school improvement. Some of the findings were: i. Animosity exists between some school principals and the Western Cape Education Department (WCED). There is a lack of communication between the WCED and principals, as well as a lack of training on disciplinary decision making.
ii. It was also established that principals made common mistakes related to the interpretation of legislation or applicable regulations.
iii. A good practice emanating from the study is a paper trail of all interventions kept by schools.
iv. Principals tend to use only the South African Schools Act as a legal framework for disciplinary decision making.
v. Principals need to focus on strategies to address the link between bad behaviour and poor academic performance.
vi. A discipline coordinator can assist the principal in maintaining discipline, investigating transgressions, organising disciplinary hearings, and in disciplinary decision making.
Decision making, lawfulness, reasonableness, and fairness were combined in this research to establish the legal requirements that should be considered in taking disciplinary decisions that are lawful, reasonable and fair, and how these disciplinary decisions can be more effective for the sole purpose of school improvement.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Education Management and Policy Studies
PhD
Unrestricted
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Wentz, Ericka Ann. "Sexual Assault Cases and the Funnel of Justice: An Examination of Police and Prosecutorial Decision-Making." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27333.
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In order to improve responses to sexual assaults so that fewer cases drop out of the criminal justice funnel, it is important to understand the decision-making processes of the police and prosecutors in these cases. The focal concerns perspective posits that legal and extralegal variables factor into the police and prosecutors' decisions about how to proceed with sexual assault cases. Although decisions made at the prosecutorial stage are largely reliant on the actions of the police, the prosecutors' charging decisions often differ from how the police classify the incidents. This study examined 11 years of adult sexual assault incidents reported to the police in a Midwestern city to determine the level of congruence in the charging decisions made by the police and prosecutors. Unique from past research, this study used a mixed methods approach to analyze the data from police reports and court documents. Quantitative data examined the extent to which charging decisions were congruent between the police and prosecutors and assessed which factors in sexual assault cases predict the agreement in police and prosecutors' charging decisions. Qualitative data was used to determine which factors were cited most frequently within sexual assault case documents in congruent and incongruent cases. The quantitative analysis revealed that the police and prosecutors' decisions were in agreement in 34% of the cases, and distinct from prior research, the only statistically significant predictors of congruent charges were legally-relevant variables. Findings from the qualitative analysis mirrored those from the quantitative analysis, as legally-relevant characteristics such as the amount of evidence collected and the use of physical force were cited more frequently in congruent cases than incongruent cases. Overall, the results suggest that the focal concerns of the police and prosecutors in this study revolve primarily around the level of evidence available in sexual assault cases. Implications resulting from these findings are discussed.
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Donson, Fiona J. L. "The road to conflict : case-studies in the effectiveness of public law as a mechanism of participation in environmentally sensitive decision-making." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263108.
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Peralta, Munguía Lucía. "La participación del paciente en la toma de decisiones en las consultas de Atención Primaria." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10705.
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OBJETIVOS Valorar la Implicación del Paciente en la Toma de Decisiones (IPTD) en las consultas de Atención Primaria (AP). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo y multicéntrico realizado en Centros de Salud de AP. Un observador validado y entrenado en la escala CICAA-D analizó las videograbaciones de las consultas. RESULTADOS Se analizaron 638 encuentros clínicos; en 387(61%) no se apreció una IPTD. En 251(39%), se detectaron distintos grados de IPTD, de los cuales 161(64%) fueron etiquetados como "toma de decisiones participada" y en el resto 90(36%) como "toma de decisiones compartida". CONCLUSIÓN En la práctica observamos que la IPTD puede tener lugar a diferentes niveles: el "participado" (limitado a la discusión de una única opción de tratamiento) y el "compartido" (suele haber más de una opción). Las habilidades comunicativas que el médico emplea son mayores dependiendo del grado de implicación que tenga lugar en la consulta.OBJECTIVES To explore patient participation in primary health care consultations. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Setting. 97 general practices (GP). Patients. 658 patients attending their doctors for unselected reasons. Measurements. All the encounters were video-recorded, and were assessed by a rater using the CICAA-D instrument. After the consultation, GPs completed a questionnaire about biomedical and relational information. RESULTS Encounters were successfully video-recorded: 638. Out of these, only 90 interviews clearly showed patient participation. In other 161 interviews patient participation was considered possible. Consultations were less participatory when GPs declared they were more certain about the evolution of the problem and the usefulness of the tests prescribed to reach a diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS GPs ask patients for their opinion and promote discussion about the suggested plan very infrequently. Doctors should bear this in mind and should at least invite their patients to contribute their opinions when suggesting any action plans.
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Gilzer-Katz, Ariella. "Law, religion and domestic violence : a study of judicial decision-making by Israeli religious courts in cases of domestic violence." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437674.
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Shanholtz, Spencer A. "Do Qualified Allocation Plans Influence Developers' LIHTC Siting Decisions: The Case of Access to High-Performing Schools." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73740.
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The study analyzed variation among low income housing tax credit (LIHTC) allocation policies as outlined in state qualified action plans (QAP) and their impacts on the siting patterns of LIHTC properties in proximity to high performing schools. The study was performed nationwide across 37 states and controlled for factors relevant to the development location decision using census-based population characteristics and LIHTC property attributes. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of LIHTC QAP allocation policies in motivating developers to site their developments near high-performing schools. QAPs typically use points when awarding tax credits competitively, and this study focused on points awarded for (1) access to high quality schools, (2) access to any schools, and (3) location in areas with attributes expected to correlate strongly with high quality schools. Multi-level linear modeling estimated that points for access to any schools had a significant and positive effect on location in a high performing school's catchment area, but other allocation policy variables had no significant effects. The findings inform readers about the ability of current allocation policy to influence developer actions, and discussion centers on policy recommendations and the need for further research.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Shanholtz, Spencer Allen. "Do Qualified Allocation Plans Influence Developers' LIHTC Siting Decisions: The Case of Access to High-Performing Schools." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73740.
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The study analyzed variation among low income housing tax credit (LIHTC) allocation policies as outlined in state qualified action plans (QAP) and their impacts on the siting patterns of LIHTC properties in proximity to high performing schools. The study was performed nationwide across 37 states and controlled for factors relevant to the development location decision using census-based population characteristics and LIHTC property attributes. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of LIHTC QAP allocation policies in motivating developers to site their developments near high-performing schools. QAPs typically use points when awarding tax credits competitively, and this study focused on points awarded for (1) access to high quality schools, (2) access to any schools, and (3) location in areas with attributes expected to correlate strongly with high quality schools. Multi-level linear modeling estimated that points for access to any schools had a significant and positive effect on location in a high performing school's catchment area, but other allocation policy variables had no significant effects. The findings inform readers about the ability of current allocation policy to influence developer actions, and discussion centers on policy recommendations and the need for further research.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Björklund, Pernilla. "The curious case of artificial intelligence : An analysis of the relationship between the EU medical device regulations and algorithmic decision systems used within the medical domain." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-442122.
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The healthcare sector has become a key area for the development and application of new technology and, not least, Artificial Intelligence (AI). New reports are constantly being published about how this algorithm-based technology supports or performs various medical tasks. These illustrates the rapid development of AI that is taking place within healthcare and how algorithms are increasingly involved in systems and medical devices designed to support medical decision-making. The digital revolution and the advancement of AI technologies represent a step change in the way healthcare may be delivered, medical services coordinated and well-being supported. It could allow for easier and faster communication, earlier and more accurate diagnosing and better healthcare at lower costs. However, systems and devices relying on AI differs significantly from other, traditional, medical devices. AI algorithms are – by nature – complex and partly unpredictable. Additionally, varying levels of opacity has made it hard, sometimes impossible, to interpret and explain recommendations or decisions made by or with support from algorithmic decision systems. These characteristics of AI technology raise important technological, practical, ethical and regulatory issues. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the relationship between the EU regulation on medical devices (MDR) and algorithmic decision systems (ADS) used within the medical domain. The principal question is whether the MDR is enough to guarantee safe and robust ADS within the European healthcare sector or if complementary (or completely different) regulation is necessary. In essence, it will be argued that (i) while ADS are heavily reliant on the quality and representativeness of underlying datasets, there are no requirements with regard to the quality or composition of these datasets in the MDR, (ii) while it is believed that ADS will lead to historically unprecedented changes in healthcare , the regulation lacks guidance on how to manage novel risks and hazards, unique to ADS, and that (iii) as increasingly autonomous systems continue to challenge the existing perceptions of how safety and performance is best maintained, new mechanisms (for transparency, human control and accountability) must be incorporated in the systems. It will also be found that the ability of ADS to change after market certification, will eventually necessitate radical changes in the current regulation and a new regulatory paradigm might be needed.
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Partington, Jonathan. "Re(viewing) the constitutional court's decision in Sidumo v Rustenburg Platinum Ltd." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1032.
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In Sidumo v Rustenburg Platinum Ltd ((2007) 12 BLLR 1097 (CC); (2007) 28 ILJ 2405 (CC); 2008 (2) SA 24 (CC)) the Constitutional Court made two findings of immense significance for dismissed employees: firstly, the court rejected the use of the so-called “reasonable employer” test in our law, a test which traditionally required arbitrators and courts evaluating the fairness of a dismissal for proven misconduct to treat the employer’s decision on sanction with a measure of deference; and secondly, on scrutiny of the more controversial issue before the court, to wit, the basis, if any, upon which arbitrators are obliged to make reasonable decisions, the court (in confirming that arbitrators are so obliged) held that the obligation to do so suffuses section 145 of the LRA, and that the extended review grounds legislated under PAJA do not apply. In the present article these judicial conclusions are critically analysed and evaluated, and a number of submissions are made, inter alia: it is submitted that the Constitutional Court’s rejection of the “reasonable employer” test was premised on a fundamental misinterpretation of the test; that while the court’s attempt to locate the reasonableness standard within the LRA was perhaps justifiable, the court failed to consider properly, or at all, the wording of section 145 and its history, with the consequence that the court failed to appreciate that section 145 of the LRA (save on an unduly strained interpretation) could not conceivably be construed to cater, in itself and without more, for the constitutional right to lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair administrative action; and further, that the labour landscape post-Sidumo is, to an extent, unquestionably one bathed in greater uncertainty. In conclusion, the author poses the question whether, on a review of Sidumo, the Constitutional Court should not be considered to have fallen short of fulfilling its constitutional obligations under the rule of law.
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Holt, Kim. "Exploring the tensions in Public Law Child Care Proceedings : an analysis of the legislative boundaries of decision-making within pre-proceedings protocols and the role of advocacy in promoting justice for families." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7269.
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This PhD by published work consists of: • 1 single authored monograph; • 1 single authored paper in a refereed journal; • 4 main authored articles in refereed journals; • 3 joint authored articles in refereed journals; • 1 joint authored paper in a non refereed journal; and • 3 joint authored published reports. It covers the period 2009-2014 This thesis and the papers submitted demonstrate my significant contribution to a body of knowledge that provides a rich and unique insight to the development of changes in legislation and protocols in child protection practice. Particular expertise is threefold: the impact on the practice of all professionals involved with vulnerable families and children; the impact on the assessment of risk and working with families and children; and the impact on the ‘timetable for the child’. The publications reflect an examination of pre-proceedings protocols over a 5-year period. Throughout, the work demonstrates a theoretical and practical commitment to fairness and justice for families. The rationale that underpins this thesis is the need to explore the impact of procedural changes to the lives of children and their families. The rhetoric of improving pre-proceedings work in an attempt to divert cases away from court, and to ensure decisions that are made for children are both rigorous and timely, is at odds from the reality of practice on the ground. The recent hegemonic concern with the timetable for the child (Holt and Kelly, 2014) reinforces a change agenda that was ushered in ahead of the Children and Families Act that became law on 22nd April 2014. The President of the Family Division, Sir James Munby, has stated that 26 weeks completion time when cases progress to court is ‘a deadline not a target’, reinforcing the message that only a ‘comparatively small number of exceptional cases’ will fall outside it (Munby, 2013:4). This leaves little time for the court to intervene when cases have not been properly progressed at the pre-proceedings stage. The evidence from detailed observations of practice at all levels within pre-proceedings protocols affords an opportunity to send a clear message to legislators, policy makers and practitioners. Front-loading and diverting more cases into pre-proceedings protocols is quite simply a strategic measure to reduce the financial burden away from the courts and to place this elsewhere. Local authorities have child protection systems that are properly designed to support children who are in need of protection, and where it has been decided by professionals from a range of agencies working with families that the risk cannot be managed without the need to seek the involvement of the court, there should be no further delay. My concern is that in many instances children are already left holding the risk for too long. The question must be raised as to why, when a range of professionals working with the child and their family make the decision that an application to court should be made, a system that purports to hold children and families at the heart builds in further delay.
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Hobson, Clark Ashley. "Interpretivism and the four principles approach to biomedical ethics : judicial decision making in cases with an inherently ethical content." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5652/.
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Judges are often reluctant to interact with medical ethics when deciding cases with an inherently ethical content. They sometimes even transfer decision-making responsibilities to medical ethics groups. At times this unwillingness is based on the presumption that medical ethics will be able to perform an effective regulatory function. The problem is there is a wide range of ethical discourse, both official and unofficial; so much it can cancel itself out. Therefore, as a regulatory tool for the medical profession, medical ethics is insufficient for the job. Judges, on the other hand, could arbitrate between competing ethical conclusions. Indeed, there is a strong argument they \(should\). This thesis addresses this timely and complex issue. Judges need to be willing and able to rely on the soundness of their own moral convictions to recognise and deal appropriately with the inherent ethical content in certain cases. In order to do this, they need a decision-making framework that recognises the ethical nature of judicial decision-making, so as to provide judges with confidence in applying moral principles and medical ethics. This thesis will provide such an integrated framework.
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Kroening, Kathleen M. "Measuring outcomes : the impact of a three-day mental health training on juvenile corrections officers day-to-day decision-making regarding the mentally ill youth in their care /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7201.
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Palma, Heredia David. "Development of strategies for waste valorisation in waste water treatment plants (WWTPS): Consorci Besòs Tordera case study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671580.
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The objective of this thesis is to develop and apply to a real case study a method to allow easier WWTP development planning and implementation of circular economy related processes in the wastewater treatment sector. In the WWTP system, sewage sludge is the main waste produced. Hence, the processes regarding its production and transformation are the focus of the thesisEl objetivo de la tesis es desarrollar y aplicar a un caso de estudio real un método que permita facilitar la planificación del desarrollo de EDAR y la implementación de procesos relativos a la economía circular en el sector del saneamiento. En el sistema de la EDAR, el fango de depuración es el principal residuo producido. Por tanto, los procesos relativos a su producción, transformación y valorización son el foco de la tesis
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Pereira, David da Silva 1971. "Jurisprudência e política no Supremo Tribunal Federal : a omissão inconstitucional nas decisões de mandado de injunção (1988-2010)." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280156.
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Orientador: Andrei KoernerTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T23:24:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_DaviddaSilva_D.pdf: 4326405 bytes, checksum: 96ae88a4c28453fb6fb4c0177edb44f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é analisar o processo de construção, pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), do seu papel de controle de constitucionalidade das omissões inconstitucionais por meio da análise de uma série temporal de julgamentos de mandados de injunção (MI), no período de 1988-2010. Trata-se de um esforço de contribuição para a compreensão do modo como o Tribunal atuou diante da omissão inconstitucional nesses 22 anos de exercício da jurisdição constitucional. Nesse período, constatou-se uma atuação autocontida do Tribunal diante do poder revisional em face das omissões inconstitucionais. A natureza essencialmente política dessa atuação também é introduzida com a preocupação de situar o leitor no embate entre os Poderes da República diante do dever de decidir do Judiciário quanto à prerrogativa do Legislativo/Executivo de legislar/regulamentar direito, liberdades e prerrogativas. Entre as várias possibilidades disponíveis, o Supremo decidiu por uma construção que restringiu o alcance do mandado de injunção como instrumento efetivo do exercício de direitos, liberdades e prerrogativas constitucionais dos cidadãos. Ao fazê-lo, limitou o seu próprio papel de revisor das omissões inconstitucionais. Interessa, principalmente, analisar como o Tribunal elaborou os contornos de sua atividade revisora no caso das omissões inconstitucionais, o que acabou por delinear o tipo de resposta que daria aos pedidos de injunção ou de integração do direito não exercido devido à omissão. Integrar, nesse caso, significa tornar viável o seu exercício por meio da complementação necessária não realizada justamente pela omissão em análise. E mais, é imprescindível entender como foi construído o posicionamento da Corte quanto às consequências políticas e sociais de suas decisões para a sociedade e para o próprio Tribunal. Nesse sentido, interessa ao presente estudo contribuir na compreensão do modo como o principal Tribunal brasileiro se posicionou no exercício da análise de situações de inconstitucionalidade omissiva
Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to analyze the construction process, of the Supreme Court (STF), its role in controlling the constitutionality of unconstitutional omissions through the analysis of a series of trials of writs of injunction (MI) in the period from 1988 to 2010. This is an effort to contribute to the understanding of how the Court has acted before unconstitutional omission in these 22 years of exercise of the constitutional jurisdiction. During this period, a self-contained performance was observed regarding revisional power in face of unconstitutional omissions. The essentially political nature of this performance is also introduced with the intention of helping the reader to understand the clash between the powers of the Republic concerning the duty of the judiciary to decide on the prerogative of the Legislative/Executive to legislate/regulate rights, freedoms, and privileges. Among the various possibilities, the Supreme Court decided on a construction that restricted the scope of the writ of injunction as an effective instrument of the exercise of rights, freedoms, and constitutional prerogatives of the citizens. By doing so, it limited its own role as reviewer of unconstitutional omissions. The main interest is to analyze how the Court elaborated the contours of its revisional activity in the case of unconstitutional omissions, which eventually delineated the type of response that it would give to requests of injunction or integration of the right not exercised due to the omission. To integrate, in this case, means making its exercise feasible through the necessary supplementation that is not carried out precisely because of the omission under analysis. It is also imperative to understand how the positioning of the Court was constructed as to the political and social consequences of its decisions for society and for the Court itself. Accordingly, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of how the main Brazilian Court has positioned itself in the analysis of situations of unconstitutional omission
Doutorado
Ciencia Politica
Doutor em Ciência Política
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Requejo, Paiva Annie Melissa, and Pisfil Omar Sixto Sanchez. "Sistema de toma de decisiones en las pymes caso : empresa La Casa del Tornillo de la ciudad de Chiclayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/1780.
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La presente tesis propone un modelo conceptual de toma decisiones para una pyme, tomando como ejemplo a la empresa encargada de la venta y fabricación de productos metalmecánicos “La Casa Del Tornillo” de la ciudad de Chiclayo, el cual hará más fácil el análisis y elección de la mejor decisión para atender problemas predecibles y no predecibles en la empresa constituido por un proceso no complejo y de fácil entendimiento. La investigación toma como método el Estudio de caso, el cual trata de una situación donde están involucradas más de una variable de interés; y como resultado, se basa en múltiples fuentes de evidencias, estudia fenómenos sociales y organizacionales ya que las causas no son sencillas de analizar y este enfoque ayuda a utilizar la experiencia para la trasmisión del conocimiento. Para la recolección de datos se usó como instrumento la entrevista, la cual estuvo compuesta por 68 preguntas abiertas y fue aplicada al microempresario y Administrador de la empresa “La Casa del Tornillo”, estas fueron registradas por medio de anotaciones y grabaciones con el celular, para luego ser plasmadas posteriormente en un archivo de Microsoft Word. Con el modelo planteado se pretende obtener beneficios potenciales como la eficacia en la soluciones, reducción de riesgos en decisiones estratégicas, aumento paulatino en la productividad y se tomarían con mayor frecuencia las sugerencias e ideas de los colaboradores, logrando que sean más proactivos. Además de ser productiva la empresa tendría un mejor tiempo de vida, gracias a las eficientes decisiones a largo plazo.Tesis
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Philibert-Ortega, Gena Christine. "Battered women who kill: Perspectives of prosecutors who have tried "burning bed" cases." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/648.
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Brown, Sarah-Jane. "Autonomy, the law, and ante-mortem interventions to facilitate organ donation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/autonomy-the-law-and-antemortem-interventions-to-facilitate-organ-donation(1d8877ef-fa3c-4639-b2ec-6eacb923fe7a).html.
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Over the last few years, policies have been introduced in the UK which aim to improve organ transplantation rates by changing the way that potential organ donors are treated before death. Patients incapacitated due to catastrophic brain injury may now undergo ante-mortem donor optimisation procedures to facilitate deceased organ donation. As I identify in this thesis, the most significant ethical and legal problem with these policies is that they are not based on what the patient would have chosen for themselves in the specific circumstances. The policies identify and treat patients meeting certain clinical criteria as a group rather than the individuals, with their own viewpoints, that the law on best interests requires. They equate registration on the Organ Donation Register with ante-mortem donor optimisation procedures being in their best interests, despite registrants having neither been informed about nor given consent to ante-mortem interventions. The overarching claim I make in this thesis is that a system of specific advance consent is needed to provide a clear and unequivocal legal justification for ante-mortem donor optimisation procedures. The ethical foundation for this claim is autonomy, and this is the central theme running through all six chapters. I argue that autonomy should be incorporated into donor optimisation policy to promote the dignity and integrity of potential organ donors and to safeguard trust in the organ donation programme. I argue that a system of specific advance consent is needed as part of the duty of care owed to registrants on the Organ Donor Register and to facilitate the determination of the best interests of the potential organ donor. I argue that the state has not established the necessity of the current policy of non-consensual donor optimisation procedures and that they are under an ethical and legal obligation to introduce an autonomy-based framework for ante-mortem interventions to facilitate organ donation.
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Wei, Bo, and Huakuai Huang. "The Human Resources Managerial Problems of Medium and Small Private Companies in China : Case study on Unique Clothing Company." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7959.
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Aim: The purpose of this study is to find out the human resource managerial problems in medium and small companies. Finally, some suggestions will be given. Method: The case of Unique Clothing Company will be studied to analyse what are the problems in the medium and small companies. The information of Unique Clothing was collected by telephone interview. Results & Conclusion: Lacking of vocational training, low qualified employees and discretional decision making are considered as the three main human resource managerial problems in medium and small companies. Only efforts made by both companies and employees can solve the problems. Suggestions for future research: In this paper, we mainly discuss the human resource managerial problems in medium and small companies. So the specific reasons for the problems in the medium and small companies can be studied by future researchers. Contribution of the thesis: The paper states what are the problems exist in the medium and small companies via the case study of Unique, and some creative suggestions have been delivered. Key words: medium and small companies, vocational training, low qualified employees, decision making, Guanxi
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Park, Sunghee. "Investigating athletes' retirement from sport : from decision-making to optimal support programmes." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/6498.
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This thesis aimed to extend knowledge of athletes’ career transitions through examining athletes’ retirement decision-making process and influence of cultural diversity and organisational culture on the process of career transition. The purpose of Study 1 was to identify the current status of knowledge in the study area through providing a systematic review of the athlete career transition studies. The findings provided up to date knowledge in the study area and suggested potential future research directions. Study 2 aimed to understand Korean tennis players’ career transition out of sport experiences via longitudinal qualitative research. The results indicated that athletes perceived making the retirement decision was difficult process for them and revealed that participants’ experiences were influenced by cultural aspects and sport contexts of Korea. Study 3 focused on exploring the athletes’ retirement decision-making process among Korean tennis players. Results showed that athletes’ leaving from sport decision-making is a complex and multidimensional process, and the transtheoretical model was helpful in explaining athletes’ retirement from sport decision-making. The objective of Study 4 was to explore the processes involved in the development of an athletes’ career transition programme. Results revealed that the organisation might have influence on athletes’ retirement decision and the quality of career transition. Overall, the findings from the current thesis provide advanced useful knowledge on the athlete career transition process, and such knowledge may assist attempts to enhance athletes’ well-being and welfare for during and post-sport life.
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Jayaraman, Dheepakkumaran. "Optimization Techniques for Performance and Power Dissipation in Test and Validation." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/473.
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The high cost of chip testing makes testability an important aspect of any chip design. Two important testability considerations are addressed namely, the power consumption and test quality. The power consumption during shift is reduced by efficiently adding control logic to the design. Test quality is studied by determining the sensitization characteristics of a path to be tested. The path delay fault models have been used for the purpose of studying this problem. Another important aspect in chip design is performance validation, which is increasingly perceived as the major bottleneck in integrated circuit design. Given the synthesizable HDL code, the proposed technique will efficiently identify infeasible paths, subsequently, it determines the worst case execution time (WCET) in the HDL code.
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Lino, Nieto Rever Juano. "Toma de decisiones para la compra o venta de una empresa conociendo si las acciones están subvaluadas o sobrevaluadas basado en método de valorización free cash flow y análisis técnico aplicado a UNACEM S.A.A." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16442.
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Realiza la valorización de Unión Andina de Cementos (UNACEM S.A.A.), es una empresa peruana que produce y comercializa diferentes tipos de cementos, clinker y otros materiales para el sector construcción con una participación de mercado aproximadamente más de 50% a nivel nacional, además, UNACEM tiene empresas varias subsidiarias como, generación eléctrica (CELEPSA) y de concreto (UNICON), además,
tiene sus operaciones en Ecuador (Lafarge) y Estados Unidos (Drake).Por lo tanto, le permiten
diversificar sus ingresos.
Además, el objetivo principal es determinar el precio intrínseco de la acción de la empresa
y comparar con el valor bursátil cotizado en la BVL (Bolsa de Valores de Lima) para tomar
decisiones acertadas para los accionistas e inversionistas. Se realizó la valorización de
UNACEM S.A.A empleando el método flujo de caja descontado [Free Cash Flow].La presente
valoración se realizó del cierre del año 2017 y se proyectó hasta 10 años (hasta 2027) y a una
tasa de costo de capital promedio ponderado, WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) de
9.05%.También se obtuvo un costo de capital de los accionistas (ke) de 14.10%, y el costo de
la deuda (kd) calculado fue 5.69%. Por otra parte, el WACC obtenido fue de 9.05%, siendo el
valor actual neto (VAN) obtenido de S/.8, 463 millones y un precio de la acción de S/.5.14. El
precio bursátil al 31 de octubre de 2019 fue de S/.2.13 por acción. Por lo tanto, acuerdo con el
precio obtenido, la recomendación de esta valorización sería la de comprar la acción, dado que
el precio bursátil al que se cotiza en BVL (Bolsa de Valores de Lima) se encuentra subvaluado
respecto al precio intrínseco. Finalmente, se cree en la reactivación económica de los proyectos
de infraestructura postergados, por parte del gobierno central; la cual estuvo estrechamente
relacionados a los escándalos de corrupción de funcionarios del gobierno central, gobierno
regional y empresas ejecutaras de los proyectos. Además, dichos proyectos tiene una relación
directa con la estabilidad política en el país.
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Arruda, Thais Nunes de. "Como os juízes decidem os casos difíceis? A guinada pragmática de Richard Posner e a crítica de Ronald Dworkin." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-01032012-085607/.
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Esta dissertação tem como tema a guinada pragmática do juiz norte-americano Richard A. Posner e a aplicação de sua teoria da adjudicação pragmática aos casos difíceis. Para identificar o contexto em que se deu esta virada, apresentaremos em breve síntese a origem do pragmatismo nos Estados Unidos da América, suas implicações filosóficas e jurídicas para os paradigmas duais modernos, e sua influência no realismo jurídico. A virada linguística e da pós-modernidade darão forma a um neopragmatismo, cuja tônica será uma espécie de antifundacionalismo e antiteoria que será adotada por juristas a partir do final da década de 1980. Apresentado este cenário, adentrar-se-á ao trabalho de Richard Posner, destacando-se sua ascensão no movimento da Análise Econômica do Direito até que, influenciado por fragmentos das teorias enunciadas no primeiro capítulo e pelas críticas lançadas à redução do direito ao formalismo econômico, proporá uma releitura das possibilidades e dos limites da aplicação da economia ao direito, adotando uma abordagem mais abrangente e interdisciplinar, próxima ao pragmatismo jurídico. O pragmatismo de Posner terá como pilares a rejeição à autonomia do direito e a problemática da objetividade jurídica, fundamentada no consenso e na indeterminação mitigada do direito, que o levará a defender a impossibilidade de respostas certas aos casos difíceis e a incapacidade da filosofia moral auxiliar o direito. Posner oferecerá daí, uma visão própria de pragmatismo e razão prática, que constituirá o pragmatismo cotidiano e à teoria da adjudicação pragmática, sua relação com os métodos de outras áreas do conhecimento, com o formalismo e a concepção de razoabilidade, bem como a sua aplicação a um caso difícil. No terceiro e último capítulo deste trabalho, serão examinadas as dificuldades da proposta pragmática de Posner apontadas na crítica de Ronald Dworkin, sobretudo sobre o papel da objetividade no direito, a importância da filosofia moral na definição dos fins jurídicos e o perigo da transformação do empreendimento jurídico em um consequencialismo de regras.This work proposes de analysis of the pragmatic turn of the American judge, Richard A. Posner and application of his theory of pragmatic adjudication to difficult cases. To identify the context in which this turn is given, we present in brief outline the origins of pragmatism in the United States of America, its philosophical implications and legal paradigms for modern dualisms, and its influence on legal realism. The linguistic turn and postmodernism will form a neo-pragmatism, whose keynote will be a kind of antifoundationalism and anti-theory that will be adopted by jurists from the late 1980\'s. Presented this scenario, we will enter into the work of Richard Posner, highlighting its emergence as a pioneer of the movement of Economic Analysis of Law until, influenced by fragments of the theories set out in the first chapter and reviews posted by the reduction of the right to economic formalism, propose a review of the possibilities and limits of application of economics, law, adopting a more comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach, the next legal pragmatism. The pillars of Posner\'s pragmatism will be the rejection of the autonomy of law and legal issues of objectivity, based on consensus and mitigated indeterminacy of law, which will lead to the adoption of the no-right answers thesis to difficult cases and the inability of moral theory to provide a solid basis for legal judgments. Posner then, offer a particular vision of pragmatism and practical reason, which constitute the everyday pragmatism and the theory of pragmatic adjudication, its relation with the methods of other areas of knowledge, with legal formalism and the concept of reasonableness, and its application to a difficult case. In the third and final chapter of this study will examine the difficulties of Posner\'s pragmatic proposal outlined in the critique of Ronald Dworkin, especially on the role of objectivity in the law, the importance of moral philosophy in defining the legal purposes and the danger of transformation of the enterprise legal in a rule-consequentialism.
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Spruch-Feiner, Aliza Jo. "Metaphorically Framed Stereotypes, Victim Race, and Attitudes Toward Police: Factors Influencing Juror Cognition and Decision-Making in Police Force Cases." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1495641653277591.
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Farina, Fernanda Mercier Querido. "Técnicas de agregação de demandas repetitivas: uma análise comparativa da experiência norte-americana em busca da eficiência processual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-12122014-093904/.
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Essa pesquisa se destina a discutir a crise de eficiência por qual passa o Poder Judiciário brasileiro, decorrente dos processos repetitivos, e as soluções processuais para buscar amenizá-la. Primeiramente far-se-á uma análise da situação atual dos tribunais nacionais, da carga de trabalho e dos efeitos da crise de eficiência na demora da prestação jurisdicional, bem como na sua influência maléfica nos direitos e garantias fundamentais ao acesso à justiça plena. Posteriormente, em busca de soluções, far-se-á uma análise comparada de instrumentos de agregação de demandas repetitivas dos Estados Unidos com os instrumentos correlatos do Brasil. Os institutos escolhidos para análise, diga-se, aqueles que se compreende serem os mais adequados no intento de solucionar as demandas repetitivas, subdividem-se em dois grupos: aqueles destinados a resolver processos oriundos da mesma questão de fato a coletivização e aqueles destinados a resolver processos envolvendo exclusivamente a mesma questão de direito vinculação de precedentes. Dessa maneira, de um lado estudar-se-á a class action, de modo a extrair dela os instrumentos necessários a fim de conferir aos institutos brasileiros de coletivização, particularmente à ação civil pública para tutela de direitos individuais homogêneos, maior eficiência para solução de conflitos repetitivos. Objetivando-se, sempre, imprimir eficácia, segurança jurídica e celeridade ao processo. De outro lado analisar-se-á o stare decisis, fazendo-se um paralelo com a jurisprudência vinculante e a experiência brasileira no manuseio da jurisprudência súmula vinculante, súmula persuasiva etc. A conclusão buscará encontrar na experiência dos institutos de agregação norteamericanos ensinamentos que possam contribuir de forma positiva com os institutos brasileiros de modo a conferir eficiência no manuseio das causas repetitivos, reduzindo, assim, o congestionamento do Poder Judiciário.This research aims to discuss the efficiency crisis that affects the Judiciary Power in Brazil due to repetitive litigation and the procedural solutions thought to solve it. First of all, it will be analyzed the actual situation of Brazilian Courts: workloads delay in the jurisdictional answer, as well as the direct consequences of delay on the due process and right to one day in court. Secondly, in search of solutions, this research will do a compared analysis of the aggregation techniques for solving repetitive litigation in the United States and in Brazil. The techniques chosen for study, those that are thought to be the best ones in the aim of bringing efficiency to civil procedure, are subdivided into two groups: the ones destined to solving procedures born from the same transaction or occurrence preclusion mechanisms and secondly, the ones destined to solving procedures uniquely discussing the same question of law stare decisis. Therefore, the study shall be divided into three chapters: one for problematic, one for studding the class action and one for stare decisis. The class action will be compared with the Brazilian technique for solving mass tort cases (ação civil pública para tutela de interesses individuais homogêneos), suggesting modifications and improvements in the Brazilian legislation starting by the American class action study. Finally, stare decisis will be compared with the Brazilian experience with dealing with jurisprudence and mandatory case law. All of it in the aim of finding the best technique for solving repetitive litigation and improving the Brazilian procedural system, with efficiency and fairness
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Salazar, Rodrigo Andres Jopia. "O método de decidir com base em precedentes e a observância obrigatória dos precedentes judiciais no Código de Processo Civil." Faculdade de Direito, 2018. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/26842.
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A presente dissertação, valendo-se da metodologia exploratória, tem como objetivo analisar a existência de normas, no Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro, que instituam uma metodologia decisória que utilize os precedentes judiciais como parâmetros para obtenção da coerência sistêmica. A hipótese apresentada é da existência de um método de decidir com base em precedentes judiciais, decorrência da organização sistêmica dos ordenamentos jurídicos, que se caracteriza por um compromisso com o passado, obrigando a observância dos precedentes sobre um determinado tema. Para a investigação da hipótese a dissertação foi dividida em quatro capítulos, cada um tendo o precedente como foco, mas em perspectivas distintas. O primeiro capitulo foi erigido sob uma preocupação conceitual sobre o precedente judicial. No segundo capítulo, o foco foi analisar o papel dos precedentes na argumentação jurídica e explicar as características de um método de decidir com base em precedente. O terceiro capítulo teve a análise do precedente judicial frente à teoria do fato jurídico. Por fim, o quarto capítulo faz o enfrentamento das disposições normativas com a hipótese adotada, utilizando-se das bases construídas ao longo dos três primeiros capítulos de forma a traçar as diretrizes para a compreensão do método de decidir com base em precedentes e da observância obrigatória dos precedentes judiciais no Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro.
The present thesis aims to analyze, on the grounds of exploratory research, the presence of norms that establish a methodology of adjudication on the basis of judicial precedents in the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure, parameterizing systemic coherence. The presented hypothesis is that a precedent-based decisional method exists as a result of the organization of legal systems, which is characterized by a commitment to the past, entailing authoritative effects on particular topics. For the investigation of the hypothesis the thesis is divided into four chapters, each focusing on precedents under different perspectives. The first chapter is erected over the conceptual framework of the judicial precedent. The second chapter analyzes the role of precedents in legal argumentation and explains the characteristics of a precedent-based decisional method. The third chapter assess the judicial precedent in light of the theory of the juridical fact. Finally, the fourth chapter confronts the statutory provisions with the hypothesis, building upon the analysis of the first three chapters in order to present guidelines for understanding the method of adjudicating on the basis of precedents and its binding effects in the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure.
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Diaz, Cano Oscar Josue, and Coila Margaret Estefania Zegarra. "NIC 7: Estado de Flujos de Efectivo y su impacto en la toma de decisiones financieras de las empresas del Sector Inmobiliario de Lima Top, 2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653516.
Full textAbstract:
El principal objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es reconocer el uso de la Norma Internacional de Información financiera 7: Estado de Flujos de Efectivo y su impacto en la toma de decisiones financieras de las empresas del Sector Inmobiliario de Lima Top, en el año 2019. El Estado de Flujos de Efectivo es analizado con la finalidad de reconocerlo como herramienta en el momento de la toma de decisiones financieras en las empresas del Sector inmobiliario.
El presente trabajo se dividió en cinco apartados, en el Capítulo I, Marco teórico, en el cual se precisaron las palabras claves vinculadas al tema de investigación. Posteriormente, en el Capítulo II, Plan de investigación, se detallaron el problema principal y los problemas secundarios, como también los objetivos e hipótesis generales y específicas. Asimismo, en el Capítulo III, se desarrolla la Metodología de trabajo, en el cual se especifica el tipo de investigación, se determina la población y el tamaño de la muestra, para llevar a cabo el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. Luego, en el Capítulo IV, Desarrollo, en donde se realizó la aplicación de los instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos mencionados anteriormente. Finalmente, en el Capítulo V, Análisis de Resultados, se presentaron las conclusiones y recomendaciones finales de todo el trabajo de investigación.The main objective of this research work is to recognize the use of the International Financial Reporting Standard 7: Statement of cash flows and its impact on the financial decision making of real estate companies in Lima Top, in the year 2019. The State Cash flow is analyzed in order to recognize it as a tool at the time of making financial decisions in companies in the real estate sector. The present work was divided into five sections, in Chapter I, Theoretical Framework, in which the keywords related to the research topic were specified. Subsequently, in Chapter II, Research Plan, the main problem and the secondary problems were detailed, as well as the general and specific objectives and hypotheses. Also, in Chapter III, the Working Methodology is developed, in which the type of research is specified, the population and the sample size are determined, to carry out the quantitative and qualitative analysis. Then, in Chapter IV, Development, where the application of the quantitative and qualitative instruments mentioned above was made. Finally, in Chapter V, Analysis of Results, the final conclusions and recommendations of all research work were presented.
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