Academic literature on the topic 'Cash Conversion ratio'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cash Conversion ratio"
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,, Wenty, and Murtanto ,. "PENGARUH KOMPREHENSIF ATAS STRATEGI MODAL KERJA MELALUI RASIO PERDAGANGAN (Merchandising Ratio)." Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing dan Informasi 1, no. 1 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v1i1.1760.
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<p class="Style4">The implementation of working capital strategy of successful companies could be observed from its cash conversion cycle. Effective working capital strategy will lead to an increasing to an increase of a firm's value. This thesis has two objectives : Firstly, it analyse the interrelationships between the merchandising ratio with the return on assets ratio and the long-term debt to total assets ratio. These two ratios have the ability to check the effectiveness of a firm's working capital management. Secondly, it analyse the effective of the firm's management of cash, receivable, inventory and payables.</p><p class="Style4">The writer is using the descriptive analysis method which describe the retail firm's working capital strategy from the financial statement information, and the correlation analysis method that detects the correlation between the merchandising ratio and the traditional ratio.</p><p>The analysis shows that PT Hero Supermarket, PT Matahari Putra Prima and PT Ma Retailindo have good and <em>effective </em>working capital strategy. The merchandising ratio has positive correlation with the return on assets ratio and negative correlation with the debt to total assets ratio.</p><p class="Style1">The purpose of this research is to prove the effectiveness in using the cash conversion cycle strategy. PT Hero Supermarket, PT Matahari Putra Prima and PT Alfa Retailindo should emphasize on their inventory management so that the percentage of sales growth is accompled by an equivalent increase in its inventory. Apart from that, these compa Iles should focus on their payables management by maximize the debt benefit.</p><p class="Style1">Crucial terms: working capital strategy, merchandising ratio and cash conversion cycle.</p>
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Kusumastuti, Risa. "KONVERSI KAS DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP LIKUIDITAS DAN PROFITABILITAS DEBITUR USAHA KECIL (Studi Kasus di Bank Sinar Harapan Bali)." Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Perbankan (Journal of Economics, Management and Banking) 1, no. 2 (2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35384/jemp.v1i2.35.
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Micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs) is an important part of national economy.Despite their advantages, SMEs still often have problems in developing their business and have limited access to capital. In this paper, the author examines the relationship between working capital loan and industry to activity, liquidity, and profitability aspects of small business debtors in Bank Sinar Harapan Bali. The results of this study show that working capital loan and industry influence cash conversion cycle significantly, both simultaneously and partially. Cash conversion cycle affects liquidity and profitability. The total contribution of working capital loan to current ratio through cash conversion cycle variable is amounted 71,05%. The total contribution of industry to current ratio through cash conversion cycle is -14,51%. The total contribution of working capital loan to return on equity through cash conversion cycle variable is amounted 60,48%, while the total contribution of industry to current ratio through cash conversion cycle is -12,35%.
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Wahyuni, Marina Fitri, Saiful Saiful, and Nikmah Nikmah. "PENGARUH RASIO-RASIO MODAL KERJA DAN ARUS KAS OPERASI TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS." JURNAL FAIRNESS 7, no. 2 (2021): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/fairness.v7i2.15151.
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This study aimed is find an empirical evidence about the influence of working capital ratios and cash flow on profitability. Working capital ratios is proxied by the cash conversion cycle, current ratio, quick ratio, inventory turnover, accounts receivable turnover, turnover of debt and working capital turnover. Meanwhile cash flows dan profitability measured by change in cash flows and return on investment (ROI) respectively.Based on purposive sampling, 67 manufacturing companies were selected as a sample of this study for three years observation.This study found that the cash conversion cycle and quick ratio negatively influence on profitability. Incontrast, this study also found that current ratio positively influence on profitability. This study could not find the influence of inventory turnover, accounts receivable turnover, turnover of debt, working capital turnover, and operating cash flow on profitability.
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Riku, B. Riku, P. Hassan Akpa, and S. Samson Shishi. "Liquidity Management and Financial Performance: Evidence from Selected Listed Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria." GPH-International Journal of Business Management 7, no. 10 (2024): 94–110. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14246969.
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This study examined the impact of liquidity management on the financial performance of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Employing an ex-post-facto research design, secondary data was utilized to explore the relationship between the variables. The study focused on a population comprising all manufacturing companies listed on the NGX, with a sample of ten (10) companies selected for analysis. Data were extracted from their annual financial reports spanning a ten-year period (2014–2023) and analyzed using multiple regression techniques. The findings revealed that the current ratio negatively and insignificantly affects the financial performance of the selected manufacturing companies, while the cash conversion cycle has a positive but insignificant effect. The study also found that the quick/acid test ratio significantly influences the financial performance of the selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Consequently, it recommended that manufacturing firms adopt credit policies aimed at minimizing unnecessary inventory accumulation and implement inventory management strategies that reduce stock investments while enhancing profitability. Additionally, it was advised that manufacturing companies should efficiently manage their cash conversion cycle to optimize returns on investment and amplify its limited positive impact on their performance.
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Susilawati, Nisa, and Yoyon Supriadi. "Pengaruh Cash Ratio dan Siklus Konversi Kas Terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan." Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan 5, no. 2 (2018): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v5i2.76.
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Profit in a company’s operation is an important element to ensure the survival of the company in the future. The company’s success can be measured from its ability in creating profits derived from committed financing, its competitiveness in the market, and its ability company to expand the business. The company’s ability to generate profits from its business activities is called profitability. The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of operating cycle and Cash Conversion Cycle on the Profitability of the company, respresented by ROA (return on asset). The study was conducted at PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa, Tbk, PT. Semen Gresik (Persero), Tbk and PT. Holcim Indonesia, Tbk for ten years from 2005 to 2014. In this study, the data used are cash ratio, cash conversion cycle and the financial statement (balance sheet and income statement) PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa, Tbk, PT. Semen Gresik (Persero), Tbk and PT. Holcim Indonesia, Tbk period 2005 to 2014. Analysis of the data used is the linear regression analysis and determination coefficient, T test and F test. The study conclude that the of operating cycle has partially significant effect on profitability of PT. Holcim Indonesia, Tbk , because Sig. 0,009 is less than the standard error or alpha (α) of 5%, the of cash conversion cycle has partially significant effect on profitability PT. Semen Gresik (Persero), Tbk , because Sig. 0,001 is less than the standard error or alpha (α) of 5%, and cash ratio and cash conversion cycle simultaneously have not significant effects on the PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa, Tbk because Sig. 0,079 greater than the standard error or alpha (α) of 5%.
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Yellu, Yellu, and Indra Widjaja. "Pengaruh likuiditas terhadap profitabilitas pada perusahaan konstruksi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019-2021." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 7, no. 6 (2023): 1305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmbk.v7i6.27263.
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The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of liquidity, with the chosen ratios of Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, and Cash Conversion Cycle, on the profitability of a firm, which is indicated by Return on Equity (ROE) and Tangibility and Company Growth as control variables of construction companies with sub-industry of Heavy Construction and Civil Engineering listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2022. The sampling method is purposive sampling with a total of 33 samples with chosen criteria. The research employs data panel analysis, and the results show that the Current Ratio and Quick Ratio, which are the most used ratios to indicate liquidity do not have a significant effect on ROE. Meanwhile, the Cash Conversion Cycle, which indicates liquidity in a more dynamic view, was found to have a significant effect on Return on Equity. Two variables of control are used in this research, Tangibility and Company Growth, which both proved to significantly impact ROE. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas yang direpresentasikan dengan rasio Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, dan Cash Conversion Cycle terhadap profitabilitas suatu perusahaan yang ditunjukkan dengan Return on Equity (ROE) dan Tangibility, dan Company Growth sebagai variabel kontrol pada perusahaan konstruksi dengan sub industri Konstruksi Berat dan Teknik Sipil yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019-2022. Metode pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 33 dengan kriteria terpilih. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis panel data, dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Current Ratio dan Quick Ratio, yang merupakan rasio yang paling banyak digunakan dalam analisis likuiditas laporan keuangan, tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROE. Sementara itu, Cash Conversion Cycle yang mengindikasikan likuiditas dalam pandangan yang lebih dinamis ternyata berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return on Equity. Dua variabel kontrol yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, Tangibility dan Company Growth, keduanya terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROE.
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Deari, Fitim, and Giulio Palomba. "Does the Cash Conversion Cycle Affect Firm Profitability? Some Empirical Evidence from Listed Firms in North Macedonia." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 27, no. 1 (2024): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2024-0003.
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Abstract This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between the cash conversion cycle (CCC) and firm profitability for the period from 2011 to 2019. To do this, a fixed effects panel regression model is applied to a sample of firms listed on the Macedonian Stock Exchange. Firm profitability is measured by the return on assets (ROA) ratio, while the liability ratio, firm size, current ratio, acid test and liquidity ratio are used as control variables. Our main finding is a decreasing and convex relationship between cash conversion cycle and profitability. In terms of working capital management policy, this implies that firms with a shorter cash conversion cycle perform better than others, since financial managers repay suppliers and reduce investments in working capital.
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Margaretha, Farah, and Ayu Puspita. "ANALISIS MANAJEMEN MODAL KERJA PADA INDUSTRI DASAR DAN KIMIA." Media Riset Bisnis & Manajemen 7, no. 3 (2007): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mrbm.v7i3.1057.
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The objective of this research is to observe the working capital management on basic industry and chemical companies. Data research were obtained from 21 basic industry and chemical companies which are listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange and this research was using the descriptive method, in order to observe the working capital management effectiveness by using the net working capital to sales ratio, current ratio, quick ratio, inventory turnover, account receivables turnover and working capital turnover on the basic industry and chemicai companies and also using the hypothesis testing method in order to observe whether the working capital management was measured by using the cash conversion cycle.have an influence towards the profitability. Data analysis method was using the working capital analysis, cash conversion cash analysis, profitability analysis (operating profit margin), classic assumption test, fit model test, hypothesis test (t-test). Based on the statistic test, obtained that the working capital management have a negative influence towards the profitability. In order to achieve an effective and proper operational in the company, thus the basic industry and chemical companies should lessen the cash conversion cycle by: lessen the inventory conversion period, by selling the inventory in the warehouse earlier than predicted. Such as cement, ceramic, glass, sand, etc; lessen the receivable collection period by collecting the account receivables; the payables deferral period will be extended by delaying the payment. A short cash conversion cycle could provide a better profit, because the longer the cash conversion cycle, the external fund and other funds requirement will also perceived higher.Keywords : working capital management, financial ratio
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Šeligová, Markéta, and Ivana Koštuříková. "The Relationship between Working Capital and Profitability of Companies Operating in the Food Industry in the Czech Republic." Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 14, no. 3 (2022): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2022.140308.
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The aim of this article is to determine the relationship between working capital and profitability of companies operating in the food industry in the Czech Republic and then find out how working capital affects the profitability of these companies from 2009 to 2019. In the first part of the research we estimate the links between working capital measured by variables such as cash conversion cycle, current assets ratio, current liabilities ratio, working capital ratio and corporate profitability measured by return on sales. In the next part of the research, we estimate the effect of working capital measured by variables such as cash conversion cycle, current assets ratio, current liabilities ratio, working capital ratio on corporate profitability measured by return on sales. Correlation analysis and the GMM method will be used to determine the relationship between working capital and the profitability of companies and how working capital affects the profitability of these companies. The results of the correlation analysis showed statistically significant links between return on sales and variables such as cash conversion cycle, current assets ratio, current liabilities ratio and working capital ratio. The results of the GMM method showed a statistically significant effect of variables such as cash conversion cycle, current assets ratio, current liabilities ratio and working capital ratio on the profitability of companies measured by the return on sales indicator. All mitigated effects have been demonstrated for companies operating in the food industry as a whole, as well as in the production of food products and beverages.
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Syed, Md. Khaled Rahman, and Ahmed Salman. "Impacts of Working Capital Management on Profitability: A Comparative Study on Cement and Tannery Industry of Bangladesh." International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics 8, no. 2 (2021): 82–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5068371.
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Short term asset and liability management is significant in corporate finance literature. This paper investigated on the impacts of working capital management (WCM) on profitability of listed companies of cement and tannery industry in Bangladesh. The data of companies has been collected from Dhaka Stock Exchange over the period 2008-2017. Five firms were chosen from each industry by applying simple random sampling method. Study found that WCM has significant impact on profitability. Result revealed that if average payment period, and cash conversion cycle increase it leads to decrease in all four profitability ratios of cement industry’s firms. Cash conversion cycle has significant negative impact on ROE while current ratio (CR) has significant positive effect on NPM. In contrast, tannery industry impacted by days sales outstanding (DSO) negatively. More inventory turnover has reduced ROE & ROCE while stretching payables reduced ROA & NPM. DSO has significant negative and CR has significant positive impact on NPM of tannery industry’s firms. The managers can increase their companies’ profitability by reducing the days sales outstanding, days inventory turnover, cash conversion cycle and average payment period. The study has practical and policy implications for corporate managers, suppliers, customers, and competitors as enhanced profitability has direct and indirect effect on all stakeholders.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cash Conversion ratio"
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John, Costa. "A Comparison of the Current Ratio and the Cash Conversion Cycle in Evaluating Working Capital Cash Flows." Diss., California Coast University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71545.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the current ratio and the cash conversion cycle in evaluating working capital cash flows from a diagnostic and a predictive aspect.The author analyzed two case studies. Each company was reviewed over a five-year period. For each company the writer calculated the annual current ratio and the cash conversion cycle and examined the trends over the five-year periods under review.Results of these analyses indicated that the cash conversion cycle was more effective than the current ratio in diagnosing the health of each company’s working capital cash flows. The cash conversion cycle also signaled a change in liquidity earlier than the current ratio, suggesting that the former had more effective predictive capabilities than the latter. The central implication of these findings is that the cash conversion cycle might be a more useful diagnostic and predictive tool than the current ratio in liquidity analysis.The research findings were also consistent with improvement or deterioration in each company’s underlying strategic performance as measured by critical changes in its competitive position at the same point in time as the cash conversion cycle trend shifted.These results suggest that the cash conversion cycle may provide insights into the impact of planned product-market strategy on shareholder value.
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Costa, Bárbara Reis da. "Cash conversion cycle across industries." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11731.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>The purpose of this research is to assess whether Cash Conversion Cycle differs between industries via their components, namely Days Inventory Outstanding, Days Sales Outstanding and Days Payables Outstanding.
Based on a sample of multinational companies from two different industries, Fast Moving Consumer Goods and Airline industry for the period 2009-2012, the results suggest that Cash Conversion Cycle differs between industries. Also it differs between large and smaller companies due to different accounting choices. It contributes to a better understanding about how size of the firm, inventory system, liquidity and payables impact on CCC and consequently on companies’ profitability.
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Li, Shun-ho, and 黎順和. "M & A decision-making and conversion ratio analysis -- Viking Tech M & A Case Study of Thai Ming." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00786217390302435632.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>高階經營管理碩士在職專班<br>99<br>Abstract
Most companies have a top-down decision making process that leaves little room for discussion. Work is implemented only after receiving orders from the top-level authorities. The objective of this study is to re-examine whether the utilization of Analytic Hierarchy Processes (AHP) can change existing decision-making structures and results, the results would be a useful reference for future decisions of various companies. We also hope that the intuitive decision-making methods of AHP can also incorporate structural questions. These questions can undergo further discussion or validation. Another objective is to understand the method adopted for market value methods for the evaluation of stock options owned by companies during a merger, and what type of conversion ratios would be used as a result.
Our results agree with the decisions made by companies. Since the Xinzhu plant of Viking Tech Corporation is already filled to capacity, they would need an existing plant to expand their production. Thye Ming Industrial Co. happened to own plants in both Kaohsiung (in Taiwan) and Wuxi (in mainland China). These plants could be the solution for production issues and local sales taxation in the mainland faced by Viking Tech Corporation. Hence, more value was given to these plants when weighing the advantages. The purchase-merger with the mainland plants was given a higher priority due to advantages in labor, production and materials cost.
Next, during stocks exchange, market comparison and discounted cash flow technique in addition to Gorden Model was used to give an exchange rate between 3.89～15.35. The difference between the minimum and maximum estimates was extremely significant with the maximum value a full four folds of the minimum. During the time of sampling, the price-to-earnings ratio (PER) of Thye Ming Industrial Co. was already at 88.7, with market value estimates giving a value of NT$ 2.66, largely due to the exceedingly low profit margin of each stock. Hence, when using the market value method to calculate the conversion ratio, we should take care to remove the extreme estimates to provide a useful and accurate reference value.
At the same time, via a paired comparison method in AHP to weigh the factors considered when arriving to a decision, it is evident that decision-making processes are strongly affected by the background of the decision makers and their personal objectivity, both of which strongly influences the decisions they will arrive upon. Hence, before a decision is made, it is advised to discuss, consider and weigh the various factors as a group. This will help to avoid bad decisions resulting from incomplete information or personal inclinations.
Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Processes, Market Value Method, Discounted Cash Flow Method, Gordon Model, Merger
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Avila, Alexander J. "Exploring a new radio audience : a podcast case study in public radio’s conversion from analog to digital audiences." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-05-26.
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This thesis began as an audience exploration into early adopters of “podcasting” technology through the journalistic radio program Latino USA, distributed by National Public Radio. An explosion in the use of this new media has changed the way radio networks distribute programming, yet little communications research has been done about the audience. This examination documents how podcast audiences are significantly younger and are both
substituting and supplementing traditional media. The study also determined that iPod users are significantly more likely to abandon CDs, listen to less radio, and watch less television as the industry converts from 20th Century analog to 21st Century digital technology. Qualitatively speaking, the podcast audience is highly
regarded, but quantitatively small. Despite producer expectations that podcasting is the digital mass media of the future, the data shows audiences to have interpersonal connections to podcasting. As such podcasting remains niche programming and not a true mass medium.<br>text
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Velez, Afonso Miguel De Melo Tomaz Diogo. "Is liquidity associate to profitabilitry? An analysis of the retail industry in Portugal." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/106988.
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This Work Project analyses the relationship betweenliquidity, proxied by Cash Conversion Cycle and Liquidity Ratios,and Return on Assets, namely how and to what extent these variables associate.Based on a sample of Portuguese retail companies forthe period 2016-2018,the results show thatDays Payable Outstanding and Days Sales Outstanding havea significant influence in profitabilitywhereasDays Inventory Outstanding doesnot. Moreover, liquidity profiles and sources of profitability differ between smallerand biggercompanies.The research is relevant to working capital management and addresses to managers whocan improve profitabilityby reducing liquidity.
Books on the topic "Cash Conversion ratio"
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Tenorio, Anna Cecilia, and Akhila Reddy. Opioid Rotation for Toxicity Reduction (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0014.
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This chapter discusses the de Stoutz et al. retrospective review of patients with cancer pain who developed dose-limiting toxicities and underwent opioid rotation that resulted in improvement of symptoms related to opioid induced neurotoxicity, uncontrolled pain, and reduction in morphine equivalent daily dose. This study is the first to establish that opioid rotation, which is substituting one opioid with another using established equianalgesic conversion ratios, is a valuable tool in cancer pain management. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Book chapters on the topic "Cash Conversion ratio"
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Amico, Michael. "Feeling Political Through the Radio: President Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats, 1933–1944." In Feeling Political. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89858-8_6.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats (1933–1944). It zooms in on the case of a president directly addressing the people, seeking to foreground their active participation. Roosevelt’s broadcasts, a series of thirty-one radio speeches heard by a majority of Americans between 1933 and 1945, transformed institutional tasks and obligations into a highly exciting conversation. In a world of competing political rhetoric and much division, and in the middle of the Great Depression, these radio chats put the power of change in every American’s hands by making them feel a new sense of confidence and trust in the federal government. Even those who were not directly helped by Roosevelt’s ‘New Deal’ legislation wrote to him to say how his words and images had converted their anxiety, grievance, and fury into courage and hope. They promised to do all they could to help him and the country, a commitment that served to boost morale and further unite the country during the Second World War. The particular style and means of Roosevelt’s emotional templates were informed by his personality as a politician, his philosophy of democracy, and the medium of radio itself.
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Harnathka, Harsh. "“RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CASH CONVERSION CYCLE & PRICE TO EARNING RATIO OF INDIAN IT, FMCG & AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY”." In Futuristic Trends in Management Volume 3 Book 19. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bhma19p2ch6.
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The cash conversion cycle (CCC) is a measure of the duration (in days) it takes a business to convert investments in inventory and other resources into cash flow from sales. The price-to-earnings ratio (P/E ratio) is a company's valuation ratio that measures the current share price compared to earnings per share (EPS). The price/earnings ratio is also sometimes called the price multiple or the earnings multiple. Simply put, a P/E ratio of 25 means the organization is currently worth 25 times its annual earnings. In other words, if you buy 100% of the company’s shares, it will take 25 years for your initial investment to be recouped from the company’s ongoing profits. In this study attempt has been put towards finding a relationship between CCC and PE ratio over 3 major sectors by market capitalization in India. This study will help in understanding the effect of CCC over PE ratio and aid management in knowing where to appropriate the focus to improve the performance of organizations.
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Tannous, Katia, and Joana Bratz Lourenço. "Fluid Dynamic and Mixing Characteristics of Biomass Particles in Fluidized Beds." In Innovative Solutions in Fluid-Particle Systems and Renewable Energy Management. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8711-0.ch003.
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The study of fluid dynamic and mixing characteristics of biomass particles in fluidized beds is fundamental for comprehension of thermal conversion processes. In this chapter a review of literature showed a large lacks of technical information about the quality of fluidization and representative models concerning binary mixtures (biomass and inert). A case study was presented involving Eucalyptus grandis wood and tucumã endocarp in order to obtain fluid dynamic parameters such as the characteristic fluidization, velocity and porosity, and the bed expansion. These parameters were more significant for mixtures with smaller diameter and mass fraction ratios, and sphericity ratio, due to the facility of beds to fluidize. A map was presented to identify the limits of effective mixtures considering four classes as a function of the complete fluidization Reynolds' and Archimedes' numbers. Empirical correlations have been proposed and showed a good agreement with the experimental work.
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Brovko, Oleksandr O., Natalia V. Yarova, Tetiana F. Samoilenko, and Larysa M. Yashchenko. "Mutual sensibilization in epoxyacrylate interpenetrating polymer networks." In NEW FUNCTIONAL SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.444.149.
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Using the method of IR spectroscopy, the kinetic features of the course of photoinitiated cationic and free radical polymerization in simultaneous epoxyacrylate interpenetrating polymer networks were investigated. The degree and rate of conversion of epoxy groups in the epoxy component (aliphatic diepoxide UP-650D, aliphatic-alicyclic triepoxide UP-650T, and diane epoxides ED-20 and Epicot 828), and the opening of double bonds in acrylate component (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) were determined. The sensitizing effect of the acrylate component on the degree of conversion of epoxy groups in IPNs with aliphatic diepoxide or aliphatic-alicyclic triepoxide with an epoxy/acrylate ratio of 50/50 wt. % was revealed. For diane epoxies, the opposite regularity of conversion of epoxy groups in the composition of epoxy-acrylate IPNs is observed: in comparison with initial polymer networks, the degree of conversion of epoxy groups was significantly reduced. In the first case of low-viscosity aliphatic and cycloaliphatic epoxides such a sensitization is occurred due to the fact that the simultaneous polymerization of acrylate via a free radical mechanism promotes the decomposition of the photoinitiator and the formation of more macrocations quantity. In second case of more viscous diane epoxy resins, the spatial restriction imposed by the rapidly formed acrylate networks is predominate. That is why the conversion of epoxy groups is reduced and this effect is neutralized.
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Eugen Cioabla, Adrian, and Francisc Popescu. "Case Studies in Biogas Production from Different Substrates." In Biogas [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101622.
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The present paper involves applicative research in the field of biogas production with the accent on small laboratory scale installations built for biogas production, preliminary testing of substrate for biogas production and combustion applications for biogas-like mixtures. The interconnected aspect of the presented material involves cumulative expertise in multidisciplinary fields of interest and continuous development of possibilities to determine the energetic potential of substrates subjected to biodegradable fermentation conversion for further applications. The research analyzed the combustion behavior of biogas with different methane/carbon dioxide ratio without and in the presence of specific catalysts. Also, laboratory analysis on biomass substrates for determining their physical and chemical potential for different applications was performed. The main conclusions are drawn revolve around the untapped potential of the different types of biomasses that are not commonly used in the production of renewable energy carriers, like biogas, and also the potential use of residual biomass in combustion processes for an enclosed life cycle from cradle to the grave. The study involving the use of catalysts in biogas combustion processes present possible solutions which can be developed and implemented for increasing the combustion quality by using relatively cost-effective materials for the production of catalytic materials.
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Spottswood, Mark. "Burdens of Proof." In Philosophical Foundations of Evidence Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859307.003.0009.
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This chapter provides a brief introduction to the scholarly conversation concerning burdens of persuasion. An adequate account of burdens must first explain what case-related facts the burden draws upon to produce outcomes. I review a variety of answers to this question, including probability threshold, likelihood ratio, belief function, weight-of-evidence, explanatory, and story-based approaches. I then identify several key questions that theories must answer with respect to inputs and show that the best answer on any given question must depend on whether the theory is advanced as a psychological, doctrinal, or normative account. The remainder of the chapter considers varying methods of transforming these inputs into case outcomes, including fixed thresholds, variable thresholds, multi-stepped, and continuous approaches. With respect to these choices, the problem of describing current practices is much easier, but the normative debates are harder to resolve.
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K. J., Aneeja, Bekkam Krishna, and V. Karthikeyan. "Design and Development of a Hybrid DC-DC Converter for Solar-Battery-Based Standalone Milk Vending Machine." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4012-4.ch004.
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Dairying has become a major secondary source of income for several rural families. The easily perishable nature of milk increases the spoilage of the product and reduces the dairy farms' productivity in rural areas due to power supply shortage issues. In order to overcome the inaccessibility of proper preservation strategies, this chapter proposed a hybrid DC-DC converter for a solar battery-powered milk vending machine. This proposed system can work continuously and provides an uninterrupted power supply to maintain the milk quality at an optimum level. Moreover, the proposed system utilized a novel converter to reduce the number of power conversion stages and compact the system. Besides, the proposed converter can achieve a higher gain ratio with fewer components. Furthermore, a proper algorithmic-based control scheme has been implemented to maintain effective power flow management. Finally, to verify the feasibility and performance of the system, detailed results are obtained at different dynamic conditions, and various case studies are presented in this chapter.
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Garzon-Forero, Diego A., Santiago Aparicio Camacho, Nathalia Gómez Parra, and Valentina Sánchez Vélez. "Entre la radio, el pódcast y la academia Experiencia de conversión académica en el caso Antropovoces." In Llegar a esos "otros". Negociado los chistes internos de la academia. Universidad del Rosario, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/urosario9789587847598.02.
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Chochliouros, Ioannis, Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, and Stergios P. Chochliouros. "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Evolution." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch053.
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Achieving widespread access by all European citizens to new services and advanced applications of the information society is one of the crucial goals of the European Union’s (EU) strategic framework for the future. Towards realizing this primary target, multiple access platforms are expected to become available, using different access methods for delivery of services (and of related digital content) to a wide variety of end-user terminals, thus creating an “always-on” and properly “converged” technological and business environment, all able to support and to promote innovation and growth (Commission of the European Communities, 2005). The result will be a “complementarity” of services and markets in an increasingly sophisticated way. Economic and technology choices imply certain networks for certain service options. As these networks become more powerful, the temptation is to adapt certain characteristics of the network technology to make it suitable for modern services. The challenge is to build “bridges” or “links” between the different convergent technologies without undermining the business models on which they are built. In such a context, converging technology means that innovative systems and services are under development with inputs, contributions, and traditions from multiple industries, including telecommunications, broadcasting, Internet service provision, computer and software industries, and media and publishing industries, where the significance of standardization and interoperability can be fundamental. In any case, digital technology can offer the potential for realizing the future electronic information highways or integrated broadband communications. However, for the multiplatform environment to proliferate in liberalized markets and for the platforms themselves to complement each other, the related prerequisites and the governing regulatory environment must favor technologically neutral conditions for competition, without giving preference to one platform over others (Chochliouros & Spiliopoulou, 2005a). Among the latest European priorities for further development of the information society sector as described above were several efforts for extending the role of digital television based on a multiplatform approach (European Commission, 2002a). If widely implemented, digital (interactive) television may complement existing PC- and Internet-based access, thus offering a potential alternative for market evolution (Chochliouros, Spiliopoulou, Chochliouros, & Kaloxylos, 2006). In particular, following current market trends, digital television and third generation (3G) mobile systems driven by commonly adopted standards can open up significant possibilities for a variety of platform access to services, offering great features of substitution and complementarity. The same option holds for the supporting networks as well (European Commission, 2003a). Within the above fast developing and fully evolutionary context, the thematic objective of digital video broadcasting (DVB) applications (including both the underlying network infrastructures and corresponding services offered) can influence a great variety of areas (http://www.dvb.org). In particular, DVB stands as a suite of internationally accepted open standards, mainly related to digital television- and data-oriented applications. These standards (in most cases already tested and adopted in the global marketplace) are maintained by the so-called DVB Project, an industry-driven consortium with more than 300 distinct members, and they are officially published by a joint technical committee (JTC) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The existing DVB standards cover all aspects of digital television, that is, from transmission through interfacing, conditional access, and interactivity for digital video, audio, and data. In particular, DVB not only includes the transmission and distribution of television program material in digital format over various media, but also a choice of associated features (considered for exploiting capabilities of all underlying technologies). However, market benefits can be best achieved if a “harmonized” approach, based on a longterm perspective, is adopted since the beginning of all corresponding efforts, intending to facilitate a progressive development towards new (and more advanced) services in a smooth and compatible manner (Oxera, 2003). An essential precondition for this progress is the adoption, in the market sector, of common standards which, while providing necessary clarity for both producers and consumers in the short term for early introduction of digital television facilities, also supply the potential for subsequent smooth upgrading to new and higher grades of service. Thus, in the framework of competitive and liberalized environments DVB can support major efforts for the penetration (and the effective adoption) of enhanced multimedia-based services (Fenger & Elwood-Smith, 2000) independently of the type and/or format of the content offered while simultaneously promoting broadband opportunities. Furthermore, being fully conformant to the requirements imposed by convergence’s aspect, DVB can advance optimized solutions for different technical communications platforms. The European market has been widely developed in the area of (interactive) digital television (Chochliouros et al., 2006; European Commission, 2003b) and the EU is now leading further deployment through DVB procedures. The focus provided by a common set of technical standards and specifications has given a market advantage and spurred the appearance of innovation perspectives. Baseband: 1) In radio communications systems, the range of frequencies, starting at 0 Hz (DC) and extending up to an upper frequency as required to carry information in electronic form, such as a bitstream, before it is modulated onto a carrier in transmission or after it is demodulated from a carrier in reception. 2) In cable communications, such as those of a local area network (LAN), a method whereby signals are transmitted without prior frequency conversion.
Conference papers on the topic "Cash Conversion ratio"
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Manaenkov, Oleg, Olga Kislitsa, Antonina Stepacheva, Linda Nikoshvili, and Valentina Matveeva. "OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS CONDITIONS FOR THE CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE INTO SUGAR ALCOHOLS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s17.21.
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The scale of annual reproduction of cellulose-containing biomass in nature allows us to draw an unambiguous conclusion that cellulose is the only source of raw materials for the chemical and fuel industries, representing a real alternative to fossil resources and, first of all, oil. Cellulose is the main component of plant biomass. According to some estimates, almost half of the organic carbon in the biosphere is contained in cellulose. Hydrolytic hydrogenation is a special case of carbohydrate hydrogenation. With regard to cellulose, the essence of the process is to combine the processes of its hydrolysis and hydrogenation of the resulting glucose. Cellulose is a difficult-to-process substrate, which determines the �harsh� reaction conditions for its hydrolytic hydrogenation. In this regard, it is important to optimize the reaction conditions in order to increase the yield of the target products - sorbitol and mannitol. In this study, the reaction conditions for the conversion of microcrystalline cellulose in the presence of Ru-containing polymeric catalysts (temperature, pressure H2, time, substrate/catalyst ratio, reactor volume) were optimized. As a result, the maximum selectivity for sorbitol was 43.5 %, mannitol - 3.7 % with a cellulose conversion of 64 %. Also, based on the results of the study, a mathematical model was proposed to formally describe the kinetics of hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis of glucose.
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Perkins, Christopher, and Alan W. Weimer. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of a Tubular Aerosol Reactor for Solar Thermal ZnO Decomposition." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36252.
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Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to model solar ZnO dissociation in a tubular aerosol reactor at ultra-high temperatures (1900 K–2300 K). Reactor aspect ratios ranged between 0.15 and 0.45, with the smallest ratio base case corresponding to a reactor diameter of .02286 m. Gas flowrates were set such that the Ar:ZnO ratio was greater than 3:1 and the system residence time was below 2 s. The system was found to exhibit highly laminar flow in all cases (Re ∼ 10), but gas velocity profiles did not seriously affect temperature profiles. Particle heating was nearly instantaneous, a result of the high radiation heat flux from the wall. There was essentially no difference between gas and particle temperatures due to the high surface area for conductive heat exchange between the phases. Calculation of ZnO conversion showed that significant conversions (>90%) could be attained for residence times typical of rapid aerosol processing. Particle sizes larger than 1 μm negatively affected conversion, but sizes of 10 μm still gave acceptable conversion levels. Simulation of reaction of product oxygen with the reactor wall showed that a reactor constructed of an oxidation-sensitive material would not be a viable choice for a high temperature solar reactor.
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Venneri, Francesco, Yonghee Kim, Donald McEachern, Carl-Magnus Persson, and Chang-Keun Jo. "The Analysis of the Thorium-Fueled Modular Helium-Cooled Reactor." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58315.
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The potential of thorium fertile fuel has been evaluated for a graphite-moderated MHR (Modular Helium Reactor) from the perspective of a self-sustainable U233-Th fuel cycle in the MHR. The 3-D core analyses have been performed with the thermal-hydraulic-coupled computer code systems (HELIOS-MASTER). The feasibility of a self-sustainable U233-Th fuel cycle in MHR was evaluated for a simplified equilibrium fuel cycle. A mixed oxide fuel (ThO2-UO2) was used. Whole-core analysis was performed with the MASTER code for various core configurations. In the core analysis, a 3-batch radial fuel shuffling scheme was adopted to find an equilibrium fuel cycle. Three types of fuel blocks were considered: a homogeneous fuel arrangement and two seed-blanket arrangements. It was found that a near self-sustainable U233-Th fuel cycle (conversion ratio = 0.95∼0.97) is feasible for the MHRs with the appropriate U-233 and Th-232 loadings. To achieve a high conversion ratio while maintaining a long cycle length, it is essential to maximize the thorium loading (∼30 tons) and at the same time soften the neutron spectrum to achieve sufficient reactivity. In order to achieve conversion ratios over 0.95 and an 18-month cycle length, the moderator volume needs to be increased with respect to the regular MHR design. Also, removing the inner graphite reflectors increases noticeably the core performance in terms of the conversion ratio and cycle length. A special seed-blanket block configuration (ISB, with seed and blanket fuels in the inner and outer regions of a block, respectively) provides a superior conversion ratio with respect to a homogeneously fueled block, whereas reversing the placement of seed and blanket in the ISB block configuration (with seed fuels in the outer zone) results in a worse performance. In the case of the U233-Th fuel cycle, the fissile (U233+U235) fraction in the discharged fuel is almost 90%. Denaturing of the uranium vector in the self-sustainable U233-Th fuel was investigated by adding 10% LEU in the fuel, to make the initial fissile fraction ∼20.5%. Neutronic analysis of the operation with denatured fuel reveals that the conversion ratio is substantially reduced and the available cycle length is much shorter.
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Berahim, Nor Hafizah, and Akbar Abu Seman. "CO2 Utilization: Converting Waste into Valuable Products." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210729-ms.
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Abstract Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which includes conversion to valuable products, is a complex modern issue with many perspectives. In recent years, the idea of using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstock for synthetic applications in the chemical and fuel sectors via reduction reactions has piqued interest. If the hydrogen is created using a renewable energy source, catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is the most viable and appealing alternative among the existing CO2-recycling solutions. CO2 hydrogenation has many chemical paths depending on the catalyst, and multiple value-added hydrocarbons can be generated. This research looks into a catalyst development for converting high CO2 gas field into methane and alcohols. The study focused on catalytic conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst while in the case of alcohols using Cu based catalyst. Both catalysts were synthesized via impregnation techniques where the aqueous precursors’ solution were impregnated on the oxide supports, stirred, filtered and washed. The samples were then dried, ground and calcined. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques (e.g., TPR, FESEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD) for their physicochemical properties. The catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation was performed using a fixed bed reactor at various factors such as temperature, pressure, feed gas ratio and space velocity. The experimental findings indicate that conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst resulted in &gt;84% CO2 conversion with 99% methane selectivity in the range of temperature 280 – 320 °C and at atmospheric pressure. In the case of hydrogenation of CO2 to alcohols, the catalytic performance of Cu based catalyst exhibited CO2 conversion of &gt;11% and selectivity towards alcohols, C1 and C2, both at 4% with reaction temperature of 250 °C and pressure 30 bar. These findings revealed that methane could easily be formed from CO2 as compared to alcohol. However, both technology conversions are dependent on the catalyst selection and its’ activity. Process parameters need to be optimized to maximize targeted product formation and suppress the side products.
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Abdelrahman, Ahmed S., Khalil S. Algarny, and Mohamed Z. Youssef. "Optimal gear ratios selection for a nissan leaf: A case study of InGear transmission system." In 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2017.8096414.
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SAKAI, Takayuki, and Kiriko KASHIWAKURA. "77 Basic Investigation of Particulate Matters (O-PM)) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emitted by Two-stroke Motorcycles." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-32-1846.
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<div class="htmlview paragraph">Characteristics of mass emission of unburned Oil-Particulate Matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from two-stroke scooter were investigated. The tests were carried out under with and without oxidation catalyst and various air-fuel ratio ranging from 12 to 16 at 50:1 of fuel-oil mixing ratio for easy sampling. Unburned Oil-Particulate Matter and 4- to 7-rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were trapped on filter. These compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Mass emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and unburned Oil-Particulate Matter tends to decrease as air-fuel ratio which increased up to stoichiometric ratio. The highest conversion ratio of unburned Oil-Particulate Matter on the oxidation catalyst was 64%. Conversion ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased as rings are smaller. However, in one case of this test, some of 5-rings aromatic hydrocarbons or higher compounds showed a tendency to increase by the oxidation catalyst.</div>
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Iwaki, Hiroyuki, Gong Jin, Tomohiko Furuhata, and Norio Arai. "Reaction Characteristics of Wastepaper Gasification With CO2 Catalyzed by Molten Carbonate Salts." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26076.
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In this paper, wastepaper gasification with steam and carbon dioxide was tested in the presence of molten carbonate salt catalysts. Reactions with steam or carbon dioxide were first compared. Hydrogen was mainly produced by gasification with steam, but no carbon monoxide was generated. For the case where carbon dioxide was used as a reactant instead of steam, generation of carbon monoxide greatly increased via the Boudouard reaction. Different ratios of mixtures of lithium, sodium and potassium carbonates were examined. Lithium was found to play a critical role in the various catalyst combinations. The reaction rate with respect to carbon conversion was approximately first order for low carbon conversions. The rate constants were investigated at different temperatures (923–1023K) and the activation energies were determined. In addition, the flexibility of this technique was examined with three different types of wastepaper. These results suggest the applicability of this process for the effective use of wastepaper and recovery of carbon dioxide.
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Wilson, David Gordon, P. K. Poole, L. D. Owens, and J. Baglione. "Conversion of Decommissioned Aircraft Gas Turbines to High-Efficiency Marine Units." In ASME 1985 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-gt-169.
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Some helicopter and other engines have been shown in studies to be amenable to conversion to a low-pressure-ratio highly regenerated cycle. Typically the high-pressure compressor and high-pressure turbine would be removed, and shaft and ducting modifications would be made to introduce high-effectiveness rotary ceramic-honeycomb regenerators. In one case examined the low-pressure turbine could be used with slight modification; in others there would have to be reblading of the turbine stages and the manufacture of new shrouds. In another case the existing combustor could be used with little modification; in others new combustors would be required. Despite the extent of the modifications, the resulting high-efficiency performance over a large part of the power range and presumably relatively low capital and development costs could make this an attractive concept.
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Hasegawa, Takeharu, Mikio Sato, and Toshihiko Nakata. "A Study of Combustion Characteristics of Gasified Coal Fuel." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-398.
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The development of integrated, coal-gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems provides cost-effective and environmentally sound options for meeting future coal-utilizing power generation needs in the world. The Japanese government and the Electric Power Industries in Japan promoted research and development of an IGCC system. We have being working on developing a low-NOx combustion technology used in gas turbine combustors for IGCC. Each gaseous fuel produced from some raw materials contained CO and H2 as the main combustible components, and a small amount of CH4. Compositions and calorific values of gasified coal fuels varied widely depending on raw materials and gasifier types. Gaseous fuel, produced in various gasifiers, has a calorific value of 4–13MJ/m 3, which is about one-tenth to one-third that of natural gas. The flame temperatures of fuels increase as the fuel calorific value rises. When the fuel calorific value rises 8MJ/m 3 or higher, the flame temperature is higher than that of natural gas, and so NOx production from nitrogen fixation is expected to increase significantly. Also, some gasified coal fuels contain fuel nitrogen, such as ammonia, if the hot/dry type gas cleaning system is employed. These factors affect the combustion characteristics of the gasified coal fuel. In this paper, we clarified the influence of gasified coal fuel properties on NOx and CO emissions through experiments using a small diffusion burner and through numerical analysis based on reaction kinetics. The main results were as follows: (1) NH3 conversion to NOx increases with increasing CH4 concentration in gaseous fuel. (2) If gaseous fuel contains CH4, there will be some specific equivalence ratio in the primary combustion zone for the minimum NH3 conversion to NOx in the two-staged combustion. (3) Its specific equivalence ratio in the primary combustion zone increases with decreasing CH4 concentration in gaseous fuel. (4) If the fuel contains a small percent of CH4, there is no influence of the CO/H2 molar ratio in the fuel on the conversion rate of NH3 to NOx, while there is an influence in the case where fuel contains no CH4. The conversion rate increases with rises in the CO/H2 molar ratio. (5) As the pressure increases, the conversion rate of NH3 to NOx slightly decreases and the CO emission declines significantly.
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Yang, Ru, and S. Y. Lin. "Numerical Modeling for Flow and Transport in a Micro-Channel Fuel Cell Reformer." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37261.
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The flow and performance for a micro-channel reformer of a fuel cell is studied numerically. Methanol with water flows into a micro-channel with catalyst layer and is reformed to provide hydrogen for the fuel cell. The channel length is varied from 800 to 6000 μm and the channel height varied from 50 to 400 μm. The inlet flow velocity varies from 0.00001 to 0.002 m/s, and the inlet temperature varies from 250 to 350 °C. The density (area fraction on the wall) of catalyst varies from 25 to 100%. A reference case is chosen to have 100 μm channel height, 0.0001 m/s inlet velocity, and 100% catalyst density. The results indicate that the higher the inlet velocity, the lower the methanol conversion mass fraction. The variation of the conversion ratio is almost linear with the flow rate. As expected, the higher the catalyst desity, the higher the conversion effieciency. However, the present results indicate that the reduction of the catalyst density by a half only sacrifices 5% performance. In addition, the conversion efficiency decreases with the increase of the channel height, but increases with the increase of the inlet temperature. The present results can provide design reference for fuel cells with a micro-channel reformer.