Academic literature on the topic 'Cashew'

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Journal articles on the topic "Cashew"

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Griffin, Laura Elizabeth, and Lisa Louise Dean. "Nutrient Composition of Raw, Dry-Roasted, and Skin-On Cashew Nuts." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 6 (September 26, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n6p13.

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Cashew nuts are the second most popular tree nut in the US with sales growing at a rate of 7% per annum. The highest quality cashew nuts are traditionally whole, oil-roasted, and devoid of skins. The development of a technique to remove the caustic cashew nut shell liquid from cashews and leave the skins intact allows for the production of novel cashew products including skin-on or “wrapped” in addition to raw and dry roasted products. This study investigated the nutritional characteristics of these newer cashew products. These products were found to contain bioactive compounds including mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, arginine, magnesium, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds. All the types of cashews exhibited higher levels of phytosterols than the amounts reported for other tree nuts. The skin-on cashews had higher levels of phenolic compounds compared to the other cashew varieties tested, indicating additional health benefits of consuming cashew nuts with skins.
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Kurniawan, Ade Putra, Ferly Eka Kerniati, and Andre Rachmat Scabra. "Peningkatan Nilai Jual Biji Mete Hasil Produksi Masyarakat Desa Gumantar Kabupaten Lombok Utara." Jurnal SIAR ILMUWAN TANI 1, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jsit.v1i1.3.

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Gumantar Village is one of the villages in North Lombok Regency which has quite good potential in the agriculture and plantation sectors. One of the agricultural products in Gumantar Village is Cashew seeds. The community of Gmumantar Village is not yet optimal in terms of cashew nut processing. Cashew seed products harvested through plantations are sold in raw condition to collectors. Penagbdian activities to the community aims to increase the sale value of processed cashew seed products in Gumantar Village, North Lombok Regency. The increase in selling value is done by processing cashew seeds into ready-to-eat food products. The method of activities carried out is by conducting surveys, training, assistance and evaluation. Partners in community service activities are community groups that are part of the "Cashew series" cashew processing group in Guantar Village, North Lomok Regency. The results that have been achieved from this activity are increased public knowledge about how to process cashews into cashews to increase family income. Cashew seeds sold in raw conditions can now be processed into products that have a higher economic value. The name of the product produced in this community service is "Gumantar Cashew Nuts".
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Witjaksono, Julian, Rusdin, Dahya, Entis Sutisna, Rita Indrasti, Siti Sehat Tan, Chandra Indrawanto, et al. "A REVIEW OF THE SMALLHOLDER CASHEW NUT PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA AND ITS SUSTAINABILITY." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 4 (August 29, 2022): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.4.5.

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Cashew nut production in Indonesia is largely limited to the eastern region. The harvesting time varies according to the production region during the dry season, ranging from July to November. Most cashews are sold in the shells to traders who frequent farmers’ villages. However, the price of cashews in the shell is considerably lower than that of fresh or processed cashew nuts, which are mainly processed by smallholder farmers. Cashews are a potential export commodity because of their high economic value in the global market and as an added value for income generation in the smallholder farming system. This study is a systematic review of the economic impact of the cashew nut home industry focused on Southeast Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, and West Nusa Tenggara as the three largest provinces producing cashew kernels in Indonesia. The metadata suggest that processing cashew nuts is a key element in enhancing farmers’ welfare, particularly for those in eastern regions, which are affected by drought. Four measures were identified to improve the home cashew nut industry sustainability: (1) develop local cashew enterprise processing; (2) facilitate linkages to business and financial institutions; (3) increase income via a farmer’s-group-managed processing unit; and (4) strengthen cooperation between farmer’s groups and companies.
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Siswanti, Rina, Supriyadi Supriyadi, and Subagiya Subagiya. "Hubungan Tingkat Serangan Ulat Kipat (Cricula Trifenestrata) terhadap Hasil Mete." Agrotechnology Research Journal 1, no. 1 (June 16, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v1i1.18866.

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<p>Cricula trifenestrata Helfer (Lepidoptera;Saturniidae) are insect pest of avocado, walnuts, and cashews. C. trifenestrata is most destructive insect pest of cashews, but there is no serious control by farmers. The questions about the effect of C. trifenestrata to cashew’s yield. This study aimed to determine the correlation and regression attack degree of C. trifenestrata to the number of flowers and seeds produced by cashew. Research was conducted by a survey of 30 cashew plants with 6 samples unit at each plant. The parameters observed in this study were plant varieties, plant age, time appears caterpillar, caterpillar number, the attack rate, days to flowering, the number of bunches, flower, and seed. The data were analysed by the correlation and regression analysis. The results showed a positive correlation between the degree of caterpillar attacks to number of flowers and seeds. Increasing degree of attacks may increase the number of flowers and seeds.</p>
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Olaitan P., Babatunde,, Adeigbe, Oluwayemisi O., Sobowale, Olalekan I., Muyiwa, Anna A., and Balogun, Shamsudeen T. "Cashew Production and Breeding in 5 West African Countries." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 29, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i51745.

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Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Is an evergreen perennial tree crop that produce hard greyish nut enclosing a white nutritious kernel. The kernel is one of the major edible nuts or snacks with increasing global demand. The world's largest and most active cashew production region is in West Africa; where Cote d’ivoire, Nigeria, Benin, Guinea-bissau and Ghana top the list of countries where it thrives best. Since 2014, cashew has become the second-main crop after cocoa in terms of export value, in these countries. It is one of the essential agricultural commodities that have significantly boosted the continent of Africa's GDP, foreign exchange profits, and overall worth due to the rising demand for raw cashew nuts. Cote d'ivoire has profited from a few research and development programs in nut quality control. Efforts are on to enhance the peel-ability of Nigerian cashews and to produce improved planting material with the help of private sector investment. Cashew cultivars development of Guinea-bissau has not made significant progress, due to few resources available for doing research. In Ghana, there are efforts to increase the genetic diversity of cashews, and in Benin, numerous farmers have reported inadequate output from their cashew fields. Narrow genetic diversity has been reported in west African cashew gene pools. Low productivity, poor nut quality, infestation of pests and diseases, poor funding, and other factors continue to limit cashew production in West Africa. Improvement in nut yield, nut quality, and broadening of cashew genetic base is important to the sustainability of the region’s cashew sector. This paper provides an overview of current status of cashew production and breeding in the top five cashew producing countries of West African; the challenges, and opportunities for future improvement.
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Supriyadi, Supriyadi, Retno Wijayanti, Retna Bandriyati Arniputri, and Fakhriza Nikma Azizin. "Serangga pengunjung bunga tumbuhan liar dan potensinya untuk mendukung penyerbukan jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L)." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 20, no. 3 (January 3, 2024): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.20.3.269.

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Pollination is important in cashew production, thus it is important to understand the factor determining the presence of pollination in cashew habitat. The research was carried out by field surveys in cashew farms to record the insects that exhibited nectar and pollen foraging activities on wild and cashew flowers. This study recorded the similarity between flower-insect visitors on wild plants and cashews, namely families of Apidae, Halictidae, Pieridae, and Andrenidae. Apidae were the most important flower visitors, but the honey bee, Apis sp. as an important pollinator, did not show the highest abundance. Wild flowering plants in cashew fields have the potential to play a role in the conservation of cashew pollinators.
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Zhang, Lin, Qi Zhi Zhang, and Chang Qin Yi. "Research of Classification Technology of Cashew Nuts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.612.

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Cashew classification technology is tested by the method of orthogonal test in this paper, and it found the main factors, the trend and the optimum operating parameters of cashew classification by observing three factors of the sieve length, drum speed and the number of turns which influenced mixed-level rate and classification efficiency. We did regression analysis of test data by using SPSS software, and got the universal formula of cashews samples grading for cashews samples. The paper provided theoretical basis for the structural design and optimization of the operating parameters of the cashew grading machine.
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Lero, Oni Ringgu, Agnes Quartina Pudjiastuti, and Sumarno Sumarno. "Factors Influencing Indonesia’s Cashew Export Volume." AGRIEKONOMIKA 9, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v9i2.8524.

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Cashews contribute significantly to the Indonesian economy because it is one of the exporting countries. However, volume of exports tends to fluctuate, so it is necessary to identify the influencing factors. This study aims to analyze volume of Indonesian cashew exports and its determinants. Time series data for 8 variables during 1985–2016 were analyzed descriptively by multiple regression models. The results again show fluctuations in export volume and value over 1985–2016 period. Lowest export volume occurred in 1989, but its value was in 1985. Highest export volume and value occurred in 2015. National cashew export volume depends on the domestic cashew price, exchange rate and income per capita. Peanuts and coffee have a complementary relationship with cashews, while sugar has a substitution relationship with this commodity. Cashews are an inferior goods.
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Asriningtias, Yuli, and Wahyu Sri Utami. "Minimization Implementation of Fuzzy Logic to Optimize a Cashew Nut Production using Simpleks-Duality Theory." Compiler 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/compiler.v12i2.1836.

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Production control of cashew nuts greatly affects the profits earned by the company. When cashew nut raw materials exceed production needs, it results in storing cashews for an extended period, causing the cashew products to lose freshness, and the quality of processed cashews deteriorates. If the raw materials are damaged, the manufacturer must acquire additional costs to procure raw materials again. Another issue is that cashew nut raw materials are seasonal products and are not always available.To solve these problems, a calculation method is needed to control optimal production inventory to minimize the company's expenditures. The method used is to formulate the problem into a Fuzzy Linear Programming mathematical model using a combination of methods: the Simplex algorithm and Duality Theory. The case implementation focuses on the uncertainty of cashew nut production quantities outside the harvest season. Moreover, the calculation of an optimal production quantity to minimize resulting losses is needed. The output generated is an optimal production prediction using the combination of the Simplex Algorithm and Duality Theory in solving Fuzzy Linear Programming.
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Mang'ana, Kulwa, Revelian Ngaiza, and Michael Paul. "Unlocking the potential of Tanzania's cashew processing industry: A comparative analysis with Côte d’Ivoire and Mozambique." F1000Research 13 (February 16, 2024): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143364.1.

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Cashew processing is a vital contributor to economic growth in Tanzania, renowned for its cashew nut production. However, despite the country’s historical prominence in cashew production, only 5% of raw cashews undergo local processing, resulting in substantial economic losses. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities within Tanzania’s cashew processing industry, focusing on limited local processing capacity, inefficient tools, raw material availability, market access, and government support. Comparative insights from Côte d’Ivoire and Mozambique further enrich our understanding of the cashew sector. It recommends increasing local processing capacity, enhancing technical expertise through training, ensuring a reliable supply of high-quality raw materials, improving market access via information systems, and strengthening government support with tailored policy frameworks. Notably, the paper emphasizes regional collaboration among African cashew-producing nations as a crucial strategy for collective growth and knowledge exchange. By drawing upon their experiences, this study aims to provide guidance for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and investors to revitalize and sustain Tanzania’s cashew processing sector.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cashew"

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Salisbury, Amelia Rose. "Hot cashew on a tin roof." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4743.

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Carvalho, Joelia Marques de. "Virgin cashew nut oil (VCNO) and extra virgin cashew nut oil (EVCNO): processing, characterization, sensory evaluation and bioactivity." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15334.

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A amÃndoa de castanha de caju (ACC) à um dos principais produtos do agronegÃcio cearense, mas tambÃm à fonte de renda para pequenos produtores rurais, principalmente nos perÃodos de estiagem. A amÃndoa de castanha de caju de maior valor para comercializaÃÃo à que aquela se classifica como inteira de primeira qualidade. As amÃndoas de castanha de caju de qualidade inferior, por cor ou quebradas durante o processamento, chegam a perder 80% do seu valor comercial. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um Ãleo a partir da amÃndoa de castanha de caju de classes inferiores, avaliando os mÃtodos de extraÃÃo a frio (extra virgem - OEV) e com aquecimento prÃvio em micro-ondas (virgem - OV), sua composiÃÃo e caracterÃsticas quÃmicas e fÃsicas, sua estabilidade, caracterÃsticas sensoriais e bioatividade. Na seleÃÃo das amÃndoas para extraÃÃo, considerou-se as caracterÃsticas fÃsico-quÃmicas e de qualidade oxidativa, utilizaram-se seis classes inferiores: B1, S1, W4, SP1, SP2, P1 e uma classe de amÃndoa inteira de primeira qualidade (W240) como referÃncia. Considerando os parÃmetros avaliados, optou-se pelo uso das amÃndoas SP2, de menor preÃo de mercado, visto que todas as classes avaliadas apresentaram boa qualidade fÃsico-quÃmica e oxidativa, com potencial para extraÃÃo do Ãleo (lipÃdios totais superiores a 50%). Na avaliaÃÃo dos processos de extraÃÃo, observou-se maior rendimento da amostra com aquecimento prÃvio em micro-ondas. A amostra OV tambÃm apresentou maior estabilidade oxidativa com tempo de induÃÃo mÃdio de 46,25 horas, contra 39,03 horas da amostra OEV. Possivelmente a maior estabilidade se deu pela maior presenÃa de fenÃlicos totais na amostra OV (316,4 mg/100g) do que na amostra OEV (202,17 mg/100g). Ambos os Ãleos apresentaram aÃÃo antioxidante, possivelmente pela presenÃa de compostos como tocoferÃis, Ãcidos graxos mono e poli-insaturados, fitosterÃis e fenÃlicos identificados nas amostras. Na avaliaÃÃo antimicrobiana, o Ãleo OV possivelmente pelo maior teor de fenÃlicos, apresentou aÃÃo mais efetiva contra microrganismos patogÃnicos, em especial Listeria mocytogenes. Os Ãleos de amÃndoa de castanha de caju OV e OEV apresentaram aÃÃo antiproliferativa contra cÃlulas de cÃncer de mama (MCF7), pulmÃo (A549) e fÃgado (HepG2) somente em altas concentraÃÃes, superiores a 200 Âg/mL. Nos testes sensoriais com consumidores (grupos focais) e na AnÃlise Descritiva Quantitativa Otimizada percebeu-se interesse em consumir o produto caso estivesse disponÃvel no mercado, tanto por seus atributos sensoriais como pelo apelo regional do produto. Os principais atributos das amostras foram brilho, cor amarela, odor e sabor de castanha. Dentro dos aspectos avaliados, o aquecimento prÃvio com micro-ondas pode oferecer um maior rendimento de extraÃÃo, sem perdas significativas dos compostos bioativos ou diminuiÃÃo da aceitaÃÃo sensorial.
The cashew nut (CN) is a major agribusiness product of CearÃ, but it is also an income source for small farmers, especially in drought periods. The cashew nut with greater value to market is standardized as whole-grade. The cashew nut inferior grades by color or broken during processing, lose 80% of their market value. This study aimed to develop an oil from the inferior grades cashew nut, evaluating the cold extraction methods (extra virgin - EVCNO) and preheating in microwave (virgin - VCNO), its composition and chemical and physical characteristics, stability, sensory characteristics and bioactivity. In the selection of kernels for extraction, considered the physical and chemical characteristics and oxidative quality, we used lower six grades and qualities: B1, S1, W4, SP1, SP2, P1 and a whole nut-grade grade (W240) as reference. Considering the evaluated parameters, we opted for the use of SP2 kernel, due to the lower market price, since all grades and qualities evaluated showed good physical and chemical quality and oxidative, with potential for oil extraction (total lipids of over 50%). In the assessment of extraction processes, there was a higher yield of the sample with pre-heating in a microwave. The OV sample also showed greater oxidative stability with average induction time of 46.25 hours, 39.03 hours against the OEV sample, possibly given by the greater presence of phenolic compounds in sample VCNO (316.4 mg / 100g) than the sample EVCNO (202.17 mg / 100g). Both oils showed antioxidant activity, possibly due to the presence of compounds such as tocopherols, fatty acids mono and polyunsaturated, phytosterols and phenolic identified in the samples. In antimicrobial evaluation, the VCNO oil possibly due to increased phenolic content, made more effective action against pathogenic microorganisms especially Listeria mocytogenes. VCNO and EVCNO showed antiproliferative action against breast cancer cells (MCF7), lung cancer cells (A549) and liver cancer cells (HepG2) only at high concentrations greater than 200 mg/mL. In sensory tests with consumers (focus groups) and Optimized Descriptive Profile perceived interest in consuming the product if it was available in the market, both for their sensory attributes as the regional appeal of the product. The main attributes of the samples: shining, yellow color, odor and taste of nuts. Considering the evaluated aspects, preheating with microwave can offer a higher yield of extraction, without significant loss of bioactive compounds or decreased sensory acceptance.
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Pell, Susan Katherine. "Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae) /." View online version of this work, 2004. http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04152004-101232/.

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De, Braganza Radek Messias. "Fine chemicals from cashew nut shell liquid." Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409441.

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Flamengo, Bianca Carvalho Voss Wahnon. "Venturing into cashew business in Guinea - Bissau." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10042.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
This project consists of a business plan for a cashew processing factory in Guinea-Bissau. A company will be created to implement the project with the objective to sell whole white cashews to the general cashew market of the Netherland. To do so the company will have to acquire the ISO 22000 certification and fulfill the Dutch importers quality and quantity standards. In the second year the company will either sell the cashews as certified organic products or expand the factory capacity. The financial projections were made and both strategies (enter organic niche market or expand) will result in a positive NPV project with an IRR of 61% and 63% respectively. In terms of long run objectives the company will continue to expand. Besides implementing a sustainable and profitable project this new company will surely have a social-economic impact.
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Neto, Victor. "Yield variability of cashew trees in East Africa." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387772.

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Samamad, Nancy Taera Ibraimo. "Cashew apple quality by near infrared spectroscopy technique." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8350.

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O cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) é uma planta de grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro, pela diversidade de produtos e quantidade de empregos gerados. A crescente demanda por produtos saudáveis associados ao aumento no consumo do caju de mesa incentivou o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para monitorar os critérios de qualidade. Esses critérios são determinados por meio de análises destrutivas, que são normalmente demoradas, com custos altos e não leva em consideração a variabilidade individual do caju. Visando substituir essas análises, a espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo (NIRS) permite a determinação simultânea e não destrutiva de vários atributos de qualidade. NIRS é uma técnica rápida que correlaciona as propriedades de absorção de energia em regiões do espectro electromagnético com a composição e concentração de moléculas através de modelos de regressão desenvolvidos por meio da quimiometria. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver modelos preditivos em NIRS para o dispositivo de bancada e portátil visando estimar propriedades físico-químicas tais como firmeza, pH, sólidos solúveis totais (TSS), açúcares solúveis (SSC), acidez titulável (TA), sabor, ácido ascórbico (vitamina C), carotenóides, flavonóides totais, polifenóis extraíveis totais (TEP) e atividade antioxidante para o monitoramento da qualidade do pedúnculo de caju. Para o dispositivo de bancada, os modelos foram construídos com 34 amostras de 17 genótipos a partir de espectros coletados no modo de refletância. Os modelos preditivos obtidos para firmeza e pH apresentaram valores de coeficiente de determinação para validação cruzada (R2CV) de 0.92 e 0.84, respectivamente, enquanto que para os coeficientes de determinação para a validação externa (R2P) foram de 0.87 para firmeza e 0.78 para pH. A relação do desempenho do desvio para validação cruzada (RPDCV) apresentaram valores de 3.0 e 2.4 e, para a validação externa (RPDP) se obtiveram valores de 2.4 e 2.2 para firmeza e pH, respectivamente, indicando boa capacidade de predição. Para as variáveis do metabolismo primário, os valores obtidos para o R2CV foram de 0.86 para SSC, 0.83 para TSS, 0.90 para TA e de 0.80 para sabor, sendo que os valores de R2P foram de 0.78, 0.75, 0.85 e 0.73, respectivamente. Os valores apresentados para RPDCV foram, respectivamente, de 2.6, 2.4, 3.1 e 2.1 para SSC, TSS, TA e sabor, enquanto que os valores de RPDP foram de 2.0 para SSC e TSS, 3.0 para TA e 1.8 para sabor. No metabolismo secundário, foram obtidos modelos com valores de 0.87 para R2CV e de 0.85 R2P para vitamina C, apresentando boa capacidade de predição tanto para validação cruzada como para validação externa, com valores de RPDCV e de RPDP de 2.6 e 2.8. Para carotenoides, modelos com R2CV e R2P de 0.89 e 0.79 foram obtidos, com RPDCV e de RPDP 2.9 e 2.0, respectivamente, enquanto que para flavonóides totais, foram obtidos valores de 0.86 para ambos R2CV e R2P e, valores de RPDCV de 2.6 e de 2.0 para RPDP. Modelos obtidos para TEP tiveram valores 0.90 para R2CV e de 0.89 para R2P, bem como valores de RPDCV de 3.2 e 2.5 de RPDP, sendo que para atividade antioxidante foram obtidos modelos com valores de R2CV e R2P de 0.87 e de 0.81, respectivamente, com valores de RPDCV de 2.7 e 2.2 para RPDP. Para o dispositivo portátil, foram obtidos modelos preditivos de 75 amostras provenientes de 21 diferentes genótipos sendo que para firmeza, pH, TSS, TA, sabor e vitamina C os valores de R2CV foram de 0.77, 0.75, 0.90, 0.85, 0.80 e 0.89, respectivamente com a média do erro relativo de -1.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, -1.3%, 2.6% e 4.9%. Para essas variáveis, foram obtidos valores de coeficientes de determinação para previsão (R2P) de 0.76, 0.72, 0.88, 0.85, 0.82 e 0.83 com os coeficientes de variabilidade do erro padrão de previsão (SEP) de 18.2%, 3.0%, 5.6%, 19.6%, 15.4% e 12.1%. Além destes, realizou-se um experimento de monitoramento de qualidade do caju de mesa refrigerado por NIRS ao longo de nove dias. Foram utilizados quatro genótipos com três repetições onde se avaliou TSS, vitamina C e pH analisados em parcelas subdividida no tempo.
The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a plant with great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast, due to diversity of products and the amount of jobs generated. Growing demand for healthy products associated an increase in table cashew consumption encouraged the development of technologies to monitor quality criteria. These criteria are determined by destructive analyses, which are usually time-consuming, with high costs and do not take into account the individual cashew variability. Aiming to replace these analyses, the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows simultaneous and nondestructive determination of multiple quality attributes. NIRS is a rapid technique that correlates the energy absorption properties in regions of the electromagnetic spectrum with the composition and concentration of molecules through regression models developed by chemometrics. The aim of this study was to develop predictive models in NIRS for bench top and portable device to estimate physical-chemical properties such as firmness, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), soluble sugars (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), flavor, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotenoids, total flavonoids, total extractable polyphenols (TEP) and antioxidant activity for monitoring cashew apple quality. For the bench device, the models were constructed with 34 genotypes of 17 samples collected from the reflectance spectra mode. The predictive models obtained for firmness and pH showed determination coefficient values for cross-validation (R2CV) of 0.92 and 0.84, respectively, while for external validation or prediction, coefficients of determination (R2P) were 0.87 for firmness and 0.78 for pH. The residual prediction deviation of cross-validation (RPDCV) have presented values of 3.0 e 2.4 and for external validation values of 2.4 and 2.2 were obtained for firmness and pH, respectively, indicating a good predictive ability. For variables of primary metabolism, the obtained values for R2CV were 0.86 for SSC, 0.83 for TSS, 0.90 for TA and 0.80 for flavor and the R2P values were respectively of 0.78, 0.75, 0.85 and 0.73. The presented RPDCV values were 2.6, 2.4, 3.1 and 2.1 for SSC, TSS, TA and flavor, while RPDP obtained values were 2.0 for SSC and TSS, 3.0 for TA and 1.8 for flavor. In secondary metabolism, models with 0.87 values for R2CV were obtained with R2P of 0.85 for vitamin C. These models presented good ability to predict both cross-validation and external validation with RPDCV and RPDP values of 2.6 and 2.8, respectively. Carotenoids models presented R2CV and R2P values of 0.89 and 0.79, with RPDCV and RPDP of 2.9 and 2.0, respectively, while for total flavonóides, models were obtained with values of 0.86 for both R2CV and R2P as well as RPDCV values of 2.6 and 2.0 to RPDP. Models obtained for TEP has presented values of 0.90 for R2CV and 0.89 to R2P and RPDCV values of 3.2 as well as 2.5 for RPDP. Antioxidant activity models were obtained with R2CV and R2P values of 0.87 and 0.81, respectively, and RPDCV values of 2.7 and 2.2 for RPDP. For portable device predictive models, 75 samples from 21 different genotypes were collected and evaluated of which firmness, pH, TSS, TA, flavor and vitamin C presented R2CV values of 0.77, 0.75, 0.90, 0.85, 0.80 and 0.89, respectively, with the average relative error of -1.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, -1.3%, 2.6% and 4.9%. For these variables were obtained coefficients of determination values for prediction (R2P) of 0.76, 0.72, 0.88, 0.85, 0.82 and 0.83 with standard error of prediction (SEP) coefficient of variability of 18.2%, 3.0%, 5.6%, 19.6%, 15.4% and 12.1%. Besides these, a quality monitoring experiment in cold storage was evaluated by NIRS over nine days. Four genotypes were used with tree repetitions for TSS, vitamin C and pH assessment evaluated in split plot in time.
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Magnusson, Sophia, and Anna-Karin Luvö. "Chasing Markets : A Study of the Mozambican Cashew Industry." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5835.

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In the spring of 2009 we spent five weeks in Mozambique performing a field study. Four of the weeks were spent in Nampula province in the northern part of the country, where most of the Mozambican cashew is produced. In the 1970s Mozambique was world leading in cashew kernel export, however, today the industry is a shadow of its former self. Since the end of the 1990s, the government along with other stakeholders, are trying to recuperate the industry. There are a great deal of obstacles to overcome to be able to compete with other large exporting countries such as India, Vietnam and Brazil. The main issue is the conditions of the trees; the majority of the trees are over forty years old and therefore have a low cashew yield. In addition, poor maintenance of the trees further decreases the production. Other problems are the infrastructure, in particular roads in poor condition, difficulties in locating markets and the income gap between the producer and end retailer.

During our research we have thought of a few recommendations which we feel would be worth looking into. We feel cheaper seedling should be available for the producers and nurseries should be put more locally for easier access. We also recommend spraying of the trees to be done more frequently. Furthermore a prerequisite for an expansion of the cashew industry is an investment in the infrastructure, to be able to transport the cashew from producer to processor and exporter. This would also improve life quality of the people in general. In addition, an investment in the poorest is necessary for the development of the country, a tool for achieving this could be better access to micro credits and village banks. To increase the income generated from Mozambican cashew kernels we recommend focusing the export on Fair Trade and possibly the organic market since they provide higher prices. A possibility to locating new markets would be an office, possibly in Europe, in order to be closer to the costumers. Another income generating market could be the market for by-products such as Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, cashew oil and juice and jam from the fruit.

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Kozarev, Kamen A., Alisdair Davey, Alexander Kendrick, Michael Hammer, and Celeste Keith. "The Coronal Analysis of SHocks and Waves (CASHeW) framework." EDP SCIENCES S A, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626293.

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Coronal bright fronts (CBF) are large-scale wavelike disturbances in the solar corona, related to solar eruptions. They are observed (mostly in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light) as transient bright fronts of finite width, propagating away from the eruption source location. Recent studies of individual solar eruptive events have used EUVobservations of CBFs and metric radio type II burst observations to show the intimate connection between waves in the low corona and coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven shocks. EUVimaging with the atmospheric imaging assembly instrument on the solar dynamics observatory has proven particularly useful for detecting large-scale short-lived CBFs, which, combined with radio and in situ observations, holds great promise for early CME-driven shock characterization capability. This characterization can further be automated, and related to models of particle acceleration to produce estimates of particle fluxes in the corona and in the near Earth environment early in events. We present a framework for the coronal analysis of shocks and waves (CASHeW). It combines analysis of NASA Heliophysics System Observatory data products and relevant data-driven models, into an automated system for the characterization of off-limb coronal waves and shocks and the evaluation of their capability to accelerate solar energetic particles (SEPs). The system utilizes EUVobservations and models written in the interactive data language. In addition, it leverages analysis tools from the SolarSoft package of libraries, as well as third party libraries. We have tested the CASHeW framework on a representative list of coronal bright front events. Here we present its features, as well as initial results. With this framework, we hope to contribute to the overall understanding of coronal shock waves, their importance for energetic particle acceleration, as well as to the better ability to forecast SEP events fluxes.
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Holanda-Neto, J. P. "The pollination of Cashew (Anarcardium occidentale) in Northest Brazil." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517347.

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Books on the topic "Cashew"

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Council, Cashew Export Promotion, ed. Cashew statistics. Cochin: Cashew Export Promotion Council of India, 2005.

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Salam, M. Abdul. Cashew, a monograph. New Delhi: Studium Press (India), 2010.

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Salam, M. Abdul. Cashew, a monograph. New Delhi: Studium Press (India), 2010.

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Anilkumar, Parambath, ed. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47455-7.

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Salam, M. Abdul, and E. V. V. Bhaskara Rao. Cashew, varietal wealth of India. Thrissur: Kerala Agricultural University, Madakkathara and Directorate of Cashew & Cocoa Development, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Cochin, 2001.

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Mandal, R. C. Cashew production and processing technology. Bikaner: Agro Botanical Publishers (India), 1992.

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Salam, M. Abdul. High yielding varieties of cashew. Thrissur: Kerala Agricultural University, 1995.

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Wadkar, S. S. Indian cashew: Processing and export. Jaipur: Pointer Publishers, 2007.

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Behrens, Rüdiger. Cashew as an agroforestry crop: Prospects and potentials. Weikersheim, Germany: Margraf Verlag, 1996.

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Corporation, International Finance. Prospects for Cambodia's cashew sub-sector. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: International Finance Corporation, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cashew"

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Ambethgar, V. "Cashew." In Mealybugs and their Management in Agricultural and Horticultural crops, 561–67. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2677-2_60.

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Krist, Sabine. "Cashew Oil." In Vegetable Fats and Oils, 191–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30314-3_29.

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Singh, Barinderjit, Gurwinder Kaur, Reetu, and Shafiya Rafiq. "Cashew Wastes." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 273–88. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-18.

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Balasimha, D. "Cocoa and Cashew." In Abiotic Stress Physiology of Horticultural Crops, 307–19. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2725-0_16.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Cashew Net Shell Oil." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 122. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2006.

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Smitha, H., N. Shashikiran, and L. D'Souza. "iAnacardium occidentale/i cashew." In Biotechnology of fruit and nut crops, 19–26. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780648279.0019.

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Nadgauda, R. S., and Shilpa S. Gogate. "Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)." In Protocol for Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, 157–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2985-3_13.

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Malik, Javid Ahmad, and Monika Bhadauria. "Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale)." In Antioxidants in Vegetables and Nuts - Properties and Health Benefits, 539–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7470-2_28.

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Kouakou, Charles Konan, Jacky Amenan Konan, Dabé Doga, and Ahouly Boris Roméo Kouadio. "Genetic Diversity of Cashew." In Cash Crops, 523–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74926-2_14.

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Mangalassery, S., J. D. Adiga, G. L. Veena, N. K. Binitha, and K. S. Anil Kumar. "Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)." In Soil Health Management for Plantation Crops, 253–79. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0092-9_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cashew"

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Moreira, Edmilson Carneiro, Romeu Freitas, Alexei Morais, and Antonio Sergio B. Sombra. "RFID in cashew nut industry." In 2014 IEEE Brasil RFID. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/brasilrfid.2014.7128959.

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Aran, M. O., Aneesh G. Nath, and A. Shyna. "Automated cashew kernel grading using machine vision." In 2016 International Conference on Next Generation Intelligent Systems (ICNGIS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icngis.2016.7854063.

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Pandit, Deepanjali, Nidhi Prakash, Smrithi Shree M, Sourabh Hemant Dahale, and Shikha Tripathi. "Computer Vision-based Automated Cashew Kernel Grading." In IVSP 2023: 2023 5th International Conference on Image, Video and Signal Processing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3591156.3591169.

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Felipe Mota Martins, Francisco Klayton Marques de Alencar, Francisco Nivaldo Freire, Aline Cosmo de Sena, Paulo Hebert França Maia Júnior, Francisco Marcone Lima, and Hélio Henrique Barbosa Rocha. "Silicon dioxide extraction from cashew nut ashes." In 23rd ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ABCM Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/cob-2015-2003.

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Charukeshi, S., S. Shreya, and S. Samundeswari. "Automatic Cashew Detection System Using Deep Learning." In 2024 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Internet of Things (IC3IoT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3iot60841.2024.10550397.

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Rajagopal, Manoj Kumar, Bala Murugan, Paventhan Arumugam, Chanda Rajurkar, R. Anand, and Sushil Kumar. "Intelligent Drone Design for Precision Cashew Farming." In 2024 9th International Conference on Control and Robotics Engineering (ICCRE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccre61448.2024.10589729.

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Caillol, Sylvain. "From Cashew Nutshell Liquid to Aromatic Biobased Latex." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.75.

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Narendra, V. G., D. K. Shetty, and K. S. Hareesh. "Computer Vision system for cashew kernel area estimation." In 2012 Third International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt.2012.6395942.

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Bayala, Thierry Roger, Sadouanouan Malo, and Zakaria Kinda. "DL4Cashew: Deep Learning Model For Cashew Trees Counting." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Communications (InC4). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inc457730.2023.10262859.

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Sivaranjani, A., S. Senthilrani, B. Ashokumar, and A. Senthil Murugan. "CashNet-15:An Optimized Cashew Nut Grading Using Deep CNN and Data Augmentation." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking (ICSCAN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscan.2019.8878725.

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Reports on the topic "Cashew"

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Cuevas, Eloy E. William Casey Case Study in Intelligence Community Leadership. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada520714.

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Kothari, Jayna, Deekshitha Ganesan, I. R. Jayalakshmi, Krithika Balu, Prabhu C., and Aadhirai S. Tackling Caste Discrimination Through Law: A Policy Brief on Implementation of Caste Discrimination Laws in India. Centre for Law and Policy Research, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54999/gjkp8801.

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CLPR undertook a study to review the implementation of the laws relating to caste discrimination in India – the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 and the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013. The study focuses on the four Southern states – Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala – and analyses data from the Crime in India report of the National Crime Records Bureau, reports of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, and case law from High Courts and the Supreme Court of India.
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Bennett, Andrew. Case Studies and Process Tracing. Instats Inc., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/8zbv00tqs8hq31190.

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Join professor Andrew Bennett in this comprehensive 3-day workshop, designed to provide a deep understanding of how to design and carry our case study research. The course covers all the key tasks of case study research, from identifying an excellent research question to generating alternative explanations for the outcomes of cases, choosing cases to study, gathering qualitative evidence from interviews and archives, and analyzing that evidence to make conclusions on what caused the outcomes for each case.
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McMillan, Margaret, Dani Rodrik, and Karen Horn Welch. When Economic Reform Goes Wrong: Cashews in Mozambique. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9117.

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Saad, Saed, Sonja Read, and Ben Mountfield. Linking Cash and Voucher Assistance with Social Protection: A case study in Gaza. Oxfam, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9387.

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In the Gaza Strip, 80% of the population receives humanitarian assistance. The level of need is overwhelming, and the political and socio-economic context has crippled the traditional social protection system. Efforts to build a stronger social protection system are under way, and cash interventions are on the rise. This report explores the humanitarian cash assistance landscape in the Gaza Strip and how it interacts with social protection. It sets out a vision for a social protection architecture that supports coherence, protection, accountability and the building of resilient systems, and achieves complementarity between actors and programmes. The report also provides recommendations on how the implementation of programmes can be improved.
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Hill, Jr, Kim Randall W., Zbylut Julia M., Gordon Michell R., Ward Andrew S., Vowels Jason N., and Christopher L. Learning the Lessons of Leadership: Case Method Teaching with Interactive Computer-Based Tools and Film-Based Cases. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada479693.

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Mena, Gary, and Werner L. Hernani-Limarino. Intended and Unintended Effects of Unconditional Cash Transfers: The Case of Bolivia's Renta Dignidad. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011709.

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This document presents a quasi-experimental impact evaluation of Bolivia's Renta Dignidad, a universal and non-contributory old age pension. Causal effects on direct, future, and indirect beneficiaries are identified, taking advantage of a reduction in age of eligibility from 65 to 60 years in December 2007. Differencein- difference and changes-in-changes approaches are used to calculate average and quantile treatment effects. For women, non-contributory pensions have, on average, increased their households' non-labor income. This has decreased their labor supply and labor earnings, in turn decreasing households' labor income and thus reducing, ceteris paribus, the program's effect on total per capita household income. Unexpectedly, the program did not have significant effects on men's welfare, investments and labor market outcomes. The results also suggest that additional resources were neither consumed nor invested in health, education, or the purchase of durables. Households most likely held the additional resources and invested in dwelling improvements.
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Barzelay, Michael, Guillermo Cejudo, Francisco Gaetani, and Juan Carlos Cortázar Velarde. Research on Public Management Policy Change in the Latin American Region: Conceptual Framework, Methodological Guide, and Exemplars. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012271.

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This document presents a conceptual framework and methodological guide for researching the process of public management policy change in the Latin American region. This methodological guide is primarily intended to help researchers study the processes of public management policy making so that they a) deliver satisfactory explanations of the outcome of the particular attempts at reform that occurred in their cases and b) enable the IDB to compare cases of public management policymaking in the region for purposes of obtaining plausible generalizations about this type of process. These guidelines outline the formulation of an overall research design and study and methods of gathering case evidence, analyzing case evidence and writing the case report. Examples of public management policy change within governmental agencies of Mexico, Peru, and Brazil are presented.
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Bedford, Juliet. SSHAP Roundtable: 2021 Ebola Outbreak in Guinea. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.019.

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SSHAP convened a virtual roundtable of expert advisors on Friday 12 March 2021 to discuss the outbreak of Ebola in Guinea declared on 14 February 2021. At the time of writing (19 March 2021), there have been 18 cases (14 confirmed, 4 probable), 9 deaths (including 5 in the community; CFR 50%) and 6 recoveries. Six of the 7 first cases identified were from the family of the first case, a 51-year-old nurse from Gouecke who died in N’Zérékoré on 28 January. Vaccination was launched on 23 February, and as of 17 March, 3,492 people had been vaccinated. The last new case was reported on 4 March 2021.
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Pandey, Dr Shailaja, Dr Archana Singh, Dr Deepak Kumar, Dr Raji K, and Dr Shrikant Waikar. TRAUMATIC PSEUDOPHACOCELE (A RARE CASE REPORT). World Wide Journals, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9706534.

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BACKGROUND A rare presentation of pseudophacocele in a case of occult scleral rupture sustained after blunt trauma to the eye. Previously reported cases were managed by extraction of intraocular lens rendering the eye aphakic. Appropriate surgical intervention which includes subconjunctival lens extraction, scleral wound exploration and repair, anterior chamber wash was done under general anaesthesia. This case report aims to evaluate clinical presentation, management and the visual outcome in a case of traumatic pseudophacocele
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