Academic literature on the topic 'Cashew juice'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cashew juice"
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Bolarinwa, I. F., T. E. Aruna, A. O. Abioye, and O. E. Adelakun. "Influence of cashew steaming on the quality attributes of cashew-pawpaw mixed fruit juice." Agrosearch 20, no. 1 (August 18, 2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v20i1.4s.
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Cashew is a tree crop that is valued for its nuts, with the fleshy fruits (cashew apple) receiving little attention due to its high acidity. In this study, ascorbic acid, total solid, total soluble solid, pH, titratable acidity and microbial stability of cashew-pawpaw juice prepared by mixing varying proportions (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50) of raw or steamed cashew and pawpaw puree were evaluated. Increased in ascorbic acid (10.20-23.96 mg/100 g), total solid (8.03-12.37%), total soluble solid (1.37-3.5%) and pH (3.68-4.65) were recorded for the cashew-pawpaw juice samples. The titratable acidity (TTA) of the juice samples decreases (0.39-0.19%) with increasing amount of pawpaw puree in the juice blends. Total yeast and total coliform were not detected in the juice samples, however, the juice had low (1 × 105 - 1.5 × 105 log10 cfu/ml) total viable count. Cashew-pawpaw juice blend prepared from 50% raw cashew juice and pawpaw puree was highly rated in terms of taste, colour, flavor and overall acceptance. In conclusion, acceptable low acid juice that is also rich in ascorbic acid can be produced from blend of raw cashew and pawpaw puree.
Keywords: Cashew juice; Pawpaw puree; Physicochemical properties; Steamed cashew; Vitamin C.
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Ugwuoke, Cajethan U., Felicitas G. Ugwuoke, Benedicta A. Omeje, Godwin E. Eze, Nnennaya S. Monwuba, Florence O. Ifeanyieze, and Juliana A. Ukonze. "Effect of Moringa oleifera Seed Powder on the Clarity, Colloidal Particles, and Nutritional Contents of Cashew Apple Juice." Scientifica 2020 (May 18, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4380407.
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Cashew apple juice is a good source of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Cashew apples are being wasted due to lack of processing and are not much cherished because of its astringency. Some of the available clarifying agents are costly and are mainly imported. The study was, therefore, aimed at finding out the effect of M. oleifera seed powder on the clarity and phytochemical and nutritional contents of cashew apple juice. The study adopted an experimental design where 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, and 20 g of M. oleifera seed powder were used to clarify 250 cm3 of cashew apple juice. The setups were filtered using a filter paper after standing for an hour to get the clarified juice. The clarity of each filtrate was determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Similarly, the tannin, lignin, pectin, protein, starch, calcium, zinc, copper, magnesium, and vitamin C were determined following the procedure of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Results showed that cashew apple juice clarified with 10 g/250 cm3 gave the best clarity. The colloidal particle contents of cashew apple juice were significantly reduced by the use of M. oleifera seed powder. It was equally found out that the clarified cashew apple juice contained an appreciable amount of nutrients. The flavour, colour, and general acceptability of the clarified cashew apple juice were very much liked by the panellist while the aroma was moderately liked. The study recommended that M. oleifera seed powder should be used for clarifying cashew apple juice and be included at the rate of 10 g/250 cm3.
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Anwar, Yunita Arian Sari. "EFFECT OF TANNASE ON CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CASHEW APPLE JUICE (Anacardium occidentale Linn)." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.11.1.103.29-37.
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<p>We previously produced tannase from <em>Aspergillus niger</em> using solid state medium. In the present study the enzyme used cashew apple juice. The aim this research was to know effect of tannase on chemical parameters of cashew apple juice. The concentration of tannase used was 0%; 0.02%; 0.04%; 0.06%; 0.08% and 0.1% (v/v). The chemical properties of the juice produced by enzymatic method were compared with the juiced produced through high temperature treatment (100<sup>o</sup>C). This research showed that the addition of 0.1% of tannase enzyme provide the best product according to the lower content of tannins than the content of tannins in the juice produced with high temperature treatment. The tannase treatment did not change the vitamin C content, content of protein and pH. Meanwhile, high temperature treatment decreased the content of vitamin C and protein.</p>
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Anwar, Yunita Arian Sari. "EFFECT OF TANNASE ON CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CASHEW APPLE JUICE (Anacardium occidentale Linn)." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.v11i1.103.
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<p>We previously produced tannase from <em>Aspergillus niger</em> using solid state medium. In the present study the enzyme used cashew apple juice. The aim this research was to know effect of tannase on chemical parameters of cashew apple juice. The concentration of tannase used was 0%; 0.02%; 0.04%; 0.06%; 0.08% and 0.1% (v/v). The chemical properties of the juice produced by enzymatic method were compared with the juiced produced through high temperature treatment (100<sup>o</sup>C). This research showed that the addition of 0.1% of tannase enzyme provide the best product according to the lower content of tannins than the content of tannins in the juice produced with high temperature treatment. The tannase treatment did not change the vitamin C content, content of protein and pH. Meanwhile, high temperature treatment decreased the content of vitamin C and protein.</p>
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da Silva, Isabel Moreira, Maria Cristiane Rabelo, and Sueli Rodrigues. "Cashew juice containing prebiotic oligosaccharides." Journal of Food Science and Technology 51, no. 9 (April 5, 2012): 2078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0689-9.
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Deenanath, Evanie Devi, Karl Rumbold, Michael Daramola, Rosemary Falcon, and Sunny Iyuke. "Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of South African Cashew Apple Juice as a Biofuel Feedstock." Scientifica 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/764196.
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Cashew apple juice (CAJ) is one of the feedstocks used for biofuel production and ethanol yield depends on the physical and chemical properties of the extracted juice. As far as can be ascertained, information on physical and chemical properties of South African cashew apple juice is limited in open literature. Therefore, this study provides information on the physical and chemical properties of the South African cashew apple juice. Physicochemical characteristics of the juice, such as specific gravity, pH, sugars, condensed tannins, Vitamin C, minerals, and total protein, were measured from a mixed variety of cashew apples. Analytical results showed the CAJ possesses specific gravity and pH of 1.050 and 4.52, respectively. The highest sugars were glucose (40.56 gL−1) and fructose (57.06 gL−1). Other chemical compositions of the juice were condensed tannin (55.34 mgL−1), Vitamin C (112 mg/100 mL), and total protein (1.78 gL−1). The minerals content was as follows: zinc (1.39 ppm), copper (2.18 ppm), magnesium (4.32 ppm), iron (1.32 ppm), sodium (5.44 ppm), and manganese (1.24 ppm). With these findings, South African CAJ is a suitable biomass feedstock for ethanol production.
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Salome Ojone Aniama. "The use of artificial intelligence in improving the preservation and quality of cashew apple juice drinks for national development." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 1, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijbpsa.2021.1.2.0010.
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The aim of this paper is to highlight on the use of artificial intelligence in improving the preservation and quality of cashew apple juice with an objective to reduce the astringency as well as microbial count, so that shelf life of the juice will be prolonged. Cashew apples are highly nutritious consisting of vitamins, organic acids, polyphenols, sugars, amino acids and minerals. Although cashew fruits are in abundance, their utilization is limited due to astringency and rapid microbial deterioration. The effects of clarification, sterile filtration and chemical preservation were investigated. The juice from the cashew apple was extracted using mechanical juice extractor with stainless metal. The extractor had an average efficiency of 80%. Three samples of the juice (fresh juice, juice stored under ambient conditions for 24 hrs and refrigerated juice at 5 0C) were tested for sensory evaluation. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the colour, taste and general acceptability of juice under ambient storage when compared with fresh juice; but there was no significant difference in the mouth feel. There was no significant difference between the colour, taste and mouth feel of the refrigerated juice and fresh juice. The physico-chemical characteristics show that appearance, specific gravity, pH and total soluble solids of the juice are affected significantly (p<0.05) by storage under ambient conditions but only the specific gravity changed significantly (p<0.05) during refrigeration. The vitamin C content of the refrigerated juice was higher than juice stored under ambient conditions and the juice can be preserved safely under refrigeration up to three months. Mechanical juice extractor should be used in extracting juice as this will reduce wastage and contamination of the products.
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Santos, Daiane Costa dos, Andriely Lucas Lima, Tainara Leal De Sousa, Nathalia Horrana Santos, Julián Zapata Ochoa, Fabiano Guimarães Silva, and Mariana Buranelo Egea. "Quality Parameters and Health Impact of Clarified “Cerrado” Cashew Juice (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.)." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_018.
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Abstract Objectives Brazil is known for rich biological diversity and Anacardium othonianum Rizz., a Cerrado biome native species, is edible fruit and poorly reported in the literature. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality parameters and health impact of clarified “Cerrado” cashew juice (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.), that was consumed during 30 days for healthy women. Methods Cashew juice was produced using clarification enzymatic process after maceration of A. othanianum pseudofruit. After this process the juice was pasteurized and its quality parameters (chemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, and active aroma composition) and the health impact (anthropometric and dietary assessment, biochemical tests including lipid profile and fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure measurement) were evaluated. The pilot study was realized with a daily intake of 400 mL of “Cerrado” cashew juice during 30 days for 9 health women. Results The juice showed low pH, high sugar and vitamin C contents. Esters (mainly methyl butanoate and isobutyl acetate) were found as important chemical class for the active aroma of “Cerrado” cashew juice. The consume of “Cerrado” cashew juice increased the recommended daily intake of manganese (56%), zinc (22%), iron (14%), and copper (13%) and improved the time to reach the maximum glucose value in the glycemic curve, the hematological indices (leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets), and the inflammatory marker (white blood cells), as well as reduced the cholesterol (triglycerides, total, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels and systolic blood pressure in healthy women. Conclusions Anacardium othonianum Rizz. pseudofruit, a species still virtually unknown and economically undervalued, it can be can be used for juice production and included in the diet and in addition to providing nutrients it can promote health benefits. Funding Sources Capes, CNPq and IF Goiano (Brazil).
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Gyedu-Akoto, Esther, Eric Kumi Asare, Stephen Yaw Opoku, Abu Mustapha Dadzie, and Emmanuel Ofosu-Agyei. "Effects of roasted coffee on the chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities of fermented cocoa and cashew juices." Nutrition & Food Science 51, no. 6 (January 27, 2021): 989–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-09-2020-0355.
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Purpose Roasted coffee provides a complex blend of different flavours which produce a range of sensory qualities. With the development of protocols for the production of fresh juices, jams and marmalades from cocoa and cashew pulp juices at Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, this paper aims to study the effects of roasted coffee powder on fermented cocoa and cashew juices to diversify the uses of these two juices. Design/methodology/approach Cocoa and cashew juices were fermented with the incorporation of 2% roasted coffee powder using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast starter. The fermenting juices were monitored by measuring pH, temperature, specific gravity and titratable acidity. At the end of the fermentation, the juices were poured into clean, sterilized containers to mature. They were then analysed for their physicochemical, microbiological and sensory qualities. These were repeated with cocoa and cashew juices without coffee powder to determine the effects of the roasted coffee on the fermented juices. Findings The addition of roasted coffee powder to cocoa and cashew juices did not have any significant effect on the fermentation performance of the juices. Three out of the four juices took a total of 13 days to complete fermentation with an average final specific gravity of 0.99. The quality of the fermented juices was not compromised by microbial activities. However, the addition of roasted coffee powder reduced the alcohol content of fermented cocoa juice from 9.0 to 5.0% and that of cashew from 11.0% to 7.5%. Sensory analysis using untrained panellists, who were ordinary consumers, showed significant differences among the four fermented juices in terms of appearance, taste and aroma. Their mean scores for coffee aroma ranged from 0.3 to 2.0 with coffee incorporated fermented juices having higher rankings. Originality/value These findings have shown the possibility of processing cocoa and cashew juices, which under normal circumstances would have been discarded along their value chains, into coffee-flavoured wines. They are also important to cocoa, cashew and coffee farmers, processors, as well as wine enthusiasts.
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Ismawati, Ismawati, and Ratih Yuniastri. "PENGGUNAAN JENIS LARO TERHADAP PERBEDAAN ORGANOLEPTIK DAN pH NIRA SIWALAN." Journal of Food Technology and Agroindustry 1, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/jfta.v1i1.685.
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Laro is one of the natural preservatives of siwalan juice made from tree bark which is mixed after being roughly ground. This research used laro bark of cashew trees and tree bark. The aim of the study was to determine the quality of siwalan juice using different types of laro. The treatment in the study was the use of laro types including siwalan juice without the use of laro, siwalan nira using laro tree bark and siwalan nira using laro from the skin of cashew trees. Of the three treatments, different pairs of tests were carried out on taste, color, aroma and turbidity and pH test. The results showed that there were differences in taste, color, aroma, turbidity and pH of siwalan juice from each treatment. The best treatment for the quality of siwalan sap is by using cashew laro.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cashew juice"
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Pinheiro, Ãlvaro Daniel Teles. "Technical and economic feasibility of ethanol production in cashew apple juice from Saccharomyces cerevisiae flocculant." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15056.
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nÃo hÃGiven the current situation in which it is the global energy sector, biofuels have been gaining more space, earning special attention the ethanol, which has shown growing demands. From this scenario, the objective of this work was to develop a bioprocess technically and economically practicable for ethanol production from cashew apple juice, using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CCA008) genetically modified containing a flocculent gene (FLO5α). The work was divided in 4 four stages that are linked throughout the study. In the first stage was evaluated the temperature influence (26, 30, 34, 38 and 42ÂC), the inoculum concentration (3, 5, 8 and 10 g.L-1) and the stirring speed (80, 150, 300, 490, 650 and 800 rpm), so it could be determined the best conditions to maximize ethanol production. It was observed that the temperature operating parameter, the initial cellular concentration, substrate concentration and stirring exerted influence on the alcoholic fermentation of the cashew apple juice. The best performance to the fermentative process (98,8 %) happened when the process was conducted at 34 ÂC, under 150 rpm stirring and 5 g.L-1 of initially cell concentration. The second stage was intended to describe the process efficiency in face of the operation parameters evaluated in fermentation. To this end, it was successfully used statistic models to describe the interaction between the initial substrate concentration, temperature, initial cell concentration, stirring and their possible effects on the yield. The model that best fit the experimental data was used to obtain the optimum conditions from the operating variables, indicating the following conditions as great: substrate concentration (S0) of 102 g.L-1, temperature (T) at 34ÂC, inoculum concentration (X0) of 5 g.L-1 and stirring (Agit) of 140 rpm, predicting a 98,80 % of efficiency. In the third stage was studied ethanol production in optimum conditions, being used to implement the scale up process, in which the data obtained in a 1L bioreactor batch were used to predict the fermentation behavior in a 14L bioreactor batch, using the volumetric power consumption as a parameter to scale-up. Using this factor as being of 10,67 kW/m3, it was possible to calculate the fermenter stirring power in a 14 times bigger volume, as well as foresee which stirring would be necessary so the fermentation can occur, similarly as in the lower volume fermenter. Results showed that yield from the 14L bioreactor were satisfactory, having a small difference (96,56 % Â 0,3 %) between yield from the 1L bioreactor (98,80 % Â 1,6 %). The fourth and last stage was rated the technical and economic viability of the process. Analyzing results, it is possible to say the industrial process here proponed has shown technical viability, since the value obtained for the process yield (68 L/ton), was close to sugar cane fermentation (61 â 72 L/ton). However, it did not show economic viability since the industrial unity provides negative cash flow (- R$ 93.840.874) in the end of 10 years that was analyzed. So, new studies must be conducted in order to make this process economically viable, this possibility being observed in various scenarios generated in analyzing the sensibility of process, which presents possible economically viable settings.
Diante da conjuntura atual em que se encontra o setor energÃtico mundial, os biocombustÃveis vÃm ganhando cada vez mais espaÃo, merecendo atenÃÃo especial o etanol, o qual apresenta demanda crescente. A partir desse cenÃrio, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um bioprocesso tecnicamente e economicamente viÃvel para produÃÃo de etanol a partir do suco de caju, utilizando levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CCA008) geneticamente modificada contendo gene floculante (FLO5α). O trabalho foi dividido em 4 quatro etapas que se interligam durante todo o estudo. Na primeira etapa foi avaliada a influÃncia da temperatura (26, 30, 34, 38 e 42ÂC), da concentraÃÃo de inÃculo (3, 5, 8 e 10 g.L-1) e da velocidade de agitaÃÃo (80, 150, 300, 490, 650 e 800 rpm) para que as condiÃÃes Ãtimas que maximizam a produÃÃo de etanol, fossem determinadas. Observou-se que os parÃmetros operacionais de temperatura, concentraÃÃo celular inicial, concentraÃÃo de substrato e agitaÃÃo exerceram influÃncia na fermentaÃÃo alcoÃlica do suco de caju. O melhor rendimento para o processo fermentativo (98,8 %) ocorreu quando o processo foi conduzido a 34 ÂC, sob agitaÃÃo de 150 rpm e contendo incialmente 5 g.L-1 de cÃlulas. Na segunda etapa, pretendeu-se descrever o rendimento do processo em funÃÃo dos parÃmetros operacionais avaliados na fermentaÃÃo. Para tanto, utilizaram-se, com sucesso, modelos estatÃsticos para descrever a interaÃÃo entre a concentraÃÃo inicial de substrato, temperatura, concentraÃÃo celular inicial, agitaÃÃo e seus possÃveis efeitos no rendimento. O modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais foi utilizado na obtenÃÃo das condiÃÃes Ãtimas das variÃveis operacionais, indicando as seguintes condiÃÃes como Ãtimas: concentraÃÃo de substrato (S0) de 100 g.L-1, temperatura (T) igual a 34 ÂC, concentraÃÃo de inÃculo (X0) igual a 5 g.L-1 e agitaÃÃo (Agit) de 140 rpm, predizendo um rendimento de 98,80 %. Na terceira etapa, realizou-se o estudo da produÃÃo de etanol nas condiÃÃes Ãtimas, sendo as mesmas utilizadas para implementar a ampliaÃÃo de escala do processo, na qual os dados obtidos em biorreator batelada de 1L foram utilizados para predizer o comportamento da fermentaÃÃo em biorreator batelada de 14L, utilizando a potÃncia por unidade de volume como parÃmetro de scale-up. Utilizando tal fator como sendo de 10,67 kW/m3, foi possÃvel calcular a potÃncia de agitaÃÃo do fermentador de volume 14 vezes maior, assim como prever qual agitaÃÃo seria necessÃria para que a fermentaÃÃo ocorresse de forma semelhante à ocorrida no fermentador de menor volume. Os resultados mostraram que o rendimento obtido no biorreator de 14L foi satisfatÃrio, apresentando uma pequena diferenÃa (96,56 %  0,3 %) para o biorreator de 14L em relaÃÃo ao rendimento obtido para o de 1L (98,80 %  1,6 %). Como quarta e ultima etapa, avaliou-se a viabilidade tÃcnica e econÃmica do processo. Analisando os resultados obtidos, à possÃvel afirmar que o processo industrial proposto apresentou viabilidade tÃcnica, uma vez que o valor obtido para o rendimento do processo (68 L/ton), foi prÃximo ao da fermentaÃÃo da cana-de-aÃÃcar (61 â 72 L/ton). Contudo, o mesmo nÃo apresentou viabilidade econÃmica, uma vez que a unidade industrial proporciona um fluxo de caixa negativo (- R$ 93.840.874) ao final dos 10 anos em que foi analisado. Assim, novos estudos devem ser realizados com o intuito de tornar tal processo economicamente viÃvel, sendo esta possibilidade observada nos vÃrios cenÃrios gerados na anÃlise de sensibilidade do processo, o qual apresenta possÃveis configuraÃÃes economicamente viÃveis.
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Pereira, Ana Lucia Fernandes. "Production and spray drying of probiotic beverage made from the fermentation of cashew apple juice." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9268.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThe objective of this study was to develop a probiotic cashew apple juice ready to drink and in the dehydrated form through spray drying. The first stage of the study was the optimization of Lactobacillus casei NRRL B-442 cultivation in cashew apple juice, to optimize the proper inoculum amount and the fermentation time. The optimum conditions for probiotic cashew apple juice production were: initial pH 6.4, fermentation temperature of 30ÂC, inoculation level of 7.48 log CFU/mL (L. casei) and 16 h of fermentation process. Cashew apple juice showed to be as efficient as dairy products for L. casei growth. In a second stage, the stability of probiotic cashew apple juice stored for 42 days at 4ÂC was evaluated. Analyses were conducted in the non fermented cashew apple juice (control), and in the fermented juices with L. casei NRRL B-442, with 8% (w/v) of sucrose (sugar table), after fermentation, and without the addition of sugar. The viability of the probiotic bacteria, sugars and organic acids content, color, antioxidant and enzymatic activity, and sensory characteristics were evaluated during the storage. Viable cell counts increased in the probiotic cashew apple containing sucrose along the storage period. Moreover, the fermentation lead to the preservation of the ascorbic acid content, which had a less intense reduction in the fermented cashew apple juices compared to the non fermented sample. The antioxidant activity and total polyphenolic compounds of cashew apple juice had a similar trend. Browning reactions and nutritional breakdown caused by enzymes were minimized in the fermented samples during storage. In these samples, a higher reduction of the enzymatic activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activity was observed. During the storage, the increase in the chroma values indicated that yellowness was reinforced, being well accepted by consumers. The sensory attributes (aroma, flavor, acidity and color) of probiotic cashew apple juice were positively influenced by storage under refrigeration for 42 days. In the third stage of the research, the effects of dehydration by spray drying in cashew apple juice containing L. casei NRRL B-442 was assessed and the influence of storage temperature on the viability of L. casei NRRL B-442 and physical properties of the powder were evaluated during 35 days of storage. The drying agents used were: 20% (w/v) maltodextrin or 10% (w/v) maltodextrin + 10% (w/v) arabic gum. The powder of probiotic cashew apple juice showed satisfactory levels of L. casei survival, during drying. During storage, the addition of 10% (w/v) maltodextrin + 10% (w/v) arabic gum kept microbial viability within satisfactory levels when the powder was subjected to cooling at 4ÂC. However, greater differences in the reconstituted powder color and higher rehydration time were obtained in this condition. On the other hand, the addition of 20% (w/v) maltodextrin provided better yield. In conclusion, cashew apple juice is a good substrate for the probiotic beverage production, and the condition of drying agents 10% maltodextrin + 10% arabic gum is adequate to maintain satisfactory levels of L. casei NRRL B-442 survival for 35 days, in the powder of probiotic cashew juice stored at 4ÂC.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi elaborar um produto probiÃtico à base de suco de caju pronto para beber, como tambÃm, na forma desidratada obtida pela secagem por aspersÃo (spray drying). A primeira etapa da pesquisa consistiu em otimizar as condiÃÃes de crescimento do Lactobacillus casei NRRL B-442 em suco de caju, a quantidade adequada de inÃculo e o tempo de fermentaÃÃo. As condiÃÃes Ãtimas para produÃÃo do suco de caju probiÃtico foram: pH inicial de 6,4, temperatura de fermentaÃÃo de 30ÂC, quantidade de inÃculo de 7,48 log UFC/mL (L. casei) e 16 h de fermentaÃÃo. O suco de caju mostrou ser tÃo eficiente quanto os produtos lÃcteos para o crescimento de L. casei. Em uma segunda etapa, foi avaliada a estabilidade da bebida probiÃtica de caju estocada por 42 dias a 4ÂC. Foram realizadas anÃlises no suco de caju nÃo fermentado (controle) e nos sucos fermentados com L. casei NRRL B-442, adicionado ou nÃo de 8% (p/v) de sacarose depois da fermentaÃÃo. Durante a estocagem, foram realizadas as determinaÃÃes de viabilidade de L. casei NRRL B-442, conteÃdo de aÃÃcares e Ãcidos orgÃnicos, cor, atividade antioxidante e enzimÃtica e aceitaÃÃo sensorial. Foi observado que o nÃmero de cÃlulas viÃveis aumentou no suco de caju contendo sacarose ao longo da estocagem. AlÃm disso, a fermentaÃÃo proporcionou um efeito conservante no conteÃdo de Ãcido ascÃrbico que teve uma reduÃÃo menos intensa, com a estocagem, nos sucos fermentados, quando comparados com o controle. A atividade antioxidante e o conteÃdo de polifenÃis apresentaram similar tendÃncia. ReaÃÃes que reduzem o valor nutricional causadas por enzimas foram minimizadas nas amostras fermentadas durante a estocagem. Nessas amostras foi observada maior reduÃÃo da atividade enzimÃtica da polifenoloxidase e peroxidase. Durante a estocagem, o aumento do croma indicou que a cor amarela foi intensificada, sendo bem aceita pelos consumidores. Os atributos sensoriais (aroma, sabor, acidez e cor) do suco de caju probiÃtico foram positivamente influenciados pela estocagem sob refrigeraÃÃo por 42 dias. Na terceira etapa da pesquisa, foi avaliado o efeito da desidrataÃÃo por spray drying no suco de caju contendo L. casei NRRL B-442, alÃm de avaliar a influÃncia da temperatura de estocagem sobre a viabilidade de L. casei e nas propriedades fÃsicas do pÃ, durante 35 dias de estocagem. Os agentes de secagem usados foram: 20% (p/v) de maltodextrina ou 10% (p/v) de maltodextrina + 10% (p/v) de goma arÃbica. O suco de caju probiÃtico desidratado por spray drying apresentou nÃveis satisfatÃrios de sobrevivÃncia de L. casei NRRL B-442, durante a secagem. Durante a estocagem, a adiÃÃo de 10% (p/v) de maltodextrina + 10% (p/v) de goma arÃbica manteve a viabilidade microbiana dentro de nÃveis satisfatÃrios quando o pà foi submetido à refrigeraÃÃo a 4ÂC. Entretanto, maiores diferenÃas na coloraÃÃo do pà reconstituÃdo e maior tempo de reidrataÃÃo foram obtidos nesta condiÃÃo. Jà a adiÃÃo de 20% (p/v) de maltodextrina proporcionou melhor rendimento. Em conclusÃo, o suco de caju pode ser utilizado como substrato para o desenvolvimento de bebida probiÃtica, e a condiÃÃo dos agentes de secagem de 10% de maltodextrina + 10% de goma arÃbica mostra-se adequada para manter os nÃveis satisfatÃrios de L. casei NRRL B-442 por atà 35 dias, no suco de caju probiÃtico desidratado estocado a 4ÂC.
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Lima, Helder Levi Silva. "AvaliaÃÃo do potencial do lÃquido de sisal e do suco de caju para a produÃÃo de celulose bacteriana." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11783.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorFundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
A celulose bacteriana (CB) desperta grande interesse por parte dos pesquisadores por apresentar estrutura nanomÃtrica, alto Ãndice de cristalinidade, alta porosidade, biocompatibilidade e elevado potencial tecnolÃgico. Diversas fontes de carbono alternativas tÃm sido estudadas para a produÃÃo de CB obtendo-se resultados satisfatÃrios quando compara-se com mÃtodos tradicionais que utilizam meio sintÃticos. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em avaliar a produÃÃo de CB utilizando fontes agroindustriais (lÃquido de sisal e suco de caju) como substrato, no cultivo de Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769 sob condiÃÃes estÃticas. Para tal, avaliou-se o efeito da concentraÃÃo de aÃÃcares, pH e suplementaÃÃo do meio com fontes de nitrogÃnio na produÃÃo de CB. Avaliou-se tambÃm a eficiÃncia da purificaÃÃo e o grau de cristalinidade da CB obtida. A maior produÃÃo de CB foi obtida apÃs cultivo da bactÃria por 10 dias utilizando meio obtido atravÃs da diluiÃÃo do lÃquido de sisal para 15 g/L de aÃÃcares, com ajuste de pH em 5 e suplementaÃÃo do meio com 7,5 g/L de extrato de levedura. Para o suco de caju a maior produÃÃo obtida foi de 0,34 g/L, apÃs 5 dias de cultivo e com meio ajustado para 50 g/L de aÃÃcares. Quanto Ãs caracterizaÃÃes tÃrmicas (TGA e DSC), Raio X e FTIR, a CB obtida a partir do lÃquido do sisal apresenta perfis semelhantes à CB obtida em meio padrÃo. Conclui-se que o lÃquido do sisal à o substrato mais promissor para a produÃÃo de CB.
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an interesting biomaterial for researchers because it presents structure in nanoscale dimensions, high crystallinity degree, high porosity, biocompatibility, and high technological potential. Alternative carbon sources have been studied to replace traditional synthetic medium as a substrate for BC production, achieving satisfactory results. The aim of this work was to evaluate BC production using agro-industrial sources (sisal juice and cashew apple juice) as substrates in Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769 cultivation under static conditions. The effects of sugars concentration, pH, and nitrogen sources supplementation were evaluated on the BC yield production. The efficiency of the BC purification process and the crystallinity degree of BC were also evaluated. The higher yield of BC was obtained after 10 days of cultivation in the medium based on sisal juice with the following parameters: 15 g/L of sugars, pH 5, and nitrogen supplementation with 7.5 g/L of yeast extract. When use cashew apple juice, the higher yield of BC was obtained after 5 days of cultivation in the medium with 50 g/L of sugars. The BC from the sisal juice medium presented similar TG, DSC, XRD, and FTIR characteristics to the BC from the standard medium. Thus, the sisal juice is a suitable substrate for BC production.
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Barato, Nara Cardoso. "Clarificação de suco de caju atraves de separação por membranas." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322496.
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Orientador: Luiz Antonio ViottoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
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Felix, Anne Kamilly Nogueira. "CaracterizaÃÃo e estudo da aplicabilidade do biossurfactante produzido por Bacillus subtilis LAMI005 a partir do suco de caju." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8922.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorOs surfactantes sÃo molÃculas anfipÃticas, que possuem em sua estrutura quÃmica segmentos hidrofÃbicos e hidrofÃlicos, espacialmente separados que auxiliam na formaÃÃo de emulsÃes e disponibilizam compostos à cÃlula microbiana. Em funÃÃo dessas caracterÃsticas, os emulsificantes reduzem a tensÃo superficial na interface das fases imiscÃveis, permitindo, portanto, que elas se misturem, formando a emulsÃo. Muitos tipos de surfactantes quimicamente sintetizados sÃo hoje utilizados, embora o desenvolvimento de produtos alternativos, biodegradÃveis e menos tÃxicos, como os chamados biossurfactantes, agentes obtidos por via microbiolÃgica, seja uma estratÃgia importante na obtenÃÃo de componentes mais compatÃveis com o meio ambiente e na ampliaÃÃo das propriedades especÃficas e aplicaÃÃes desses compostos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo, caracterizar o biossurfactante produzido por Bacillus subtilis LAMI005 utilizando suco de caju como fonte de carbono, ao realizar estudos de conformaÃÃo e estrutura dos compostos, determinando assim os grupos funcionais pertencentes à molÃcula; estudar os efeitos toxicolÃgicos da surfactina produzida, visando um maior entendimento sobre a toxicidade do biossurfactante em organismos vegetais e animais; avaliar a manutenÃÃo das caracterÃsticas tensoativas da surfactina ao ser submetida a diferentes condiÃÃes ambientais, alÃm de estudar a estabilidade das emulsÃes formadas com o biossurfactante que foi produzido em suco de caju clarificado, agregando-se valor ao processo, uma vez que a fonte utilizada à disponÃvel e de baixo custo. Os espectros obtidos indicaram a similaridade entre a surfactina produzida neste trabalho e a surfactina padrÃo (Sigma). O lipopeptÃdeo produzido apresentou atividade superficial altamente estÃvel, com uma CMC igual a 12,5 mg.L-1 e sendo capaz de reduzir a tensÃo superficial da Ãgua para 31,8 mN.m-1 e a tensÃo interfacial do n-hexadecano para 2 mN.m-1. A habilidade de emulsificaÃÃo a altas temperaturas, pHs Ãcidos e bÃsicos e diferentes concentraÃÃes de NaCl tambÃm foi demonstrada. Os diagramas de fase mostraram a possibilidade de aplicaÃÃo do biossurfactante na biorremediaÃÃo, no tratamento de resÃduos e em fluidos de corte. O biossurfactante tambÃm apresentou atÃxico quando analisado frente à Artemia salina com CL50 igual 612,27 μg.mL-1 e frente Lactuca sativa, no qual apresentou Ãndice de germinaÃÃo superior a 80% em concentraÃÃes elevadas, evidenciando seu potencial para aplicaÃÃes na indÃstria de cosmÃticos, alimentos e fÃrmacos. O biossurfactante produzido tambÃm se mostrou eficiente ao remover, aproximadamente, 82% do diesel e 77% do petrÃleo adsorvidos em areia.
The surfactants are amphipathic molecules which have in their chemical structure hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments, spatially separated to assist in the formation of emulsions available compounds and the microbial cell. Due to these characteristics, the emulsifiers decrease the surface tension at the interface of immiscible phases, allowing thus that they mix to form the emulsion. Many types of chemically synthesized surfactants are used used today, although the development of alternative products, less toxic and biodegradable, as so-called biosurfactants obtained by microbiological agents, is an important strategy in obtaining components more compatible with the environment and expanding specific properties and applications of these compounds. In this context, this study aims to characterize the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis LAMI005 using cashew apple juice as carbon source, to conduct studies of the structure and conformation of the compounds, thereby determining the functional groups belonging to the molecule, to study the toxicological effects of surfactin produced, designed to further understanding of the toxicity of the biosurfactant in vegetable and animal organisms; evaluate the maintenance of the characteristics of surfactants surfactin to be subjected to different environmental conditions, in addition to studying the stability of emulsions formed with biosurfactant which was produced in clarified cashew juice, adding value to the process, since the source used is available and inexpensive. The spectra obtained indicated the similarity between this work produced surfactin and surfactin standard (Sigma). The lipopeptide surface produced had a highly stable activity, with a CMC 12.5 mg.l-1 and capable of reducing the surface tension of water to 31.8 mN.m-1 and interfacial tension of n-hexadecane to 2 mN.m-1. The ability of emulsifying at high temperatures, acidic and basic pH and different concentrations of NaCl was also demonstrated. The phase diagrams shown the possibility of application of the biosurfactant in the bioremediation of waste treatment and cutting fluids. The biosurfactant also showed non-toxic when analyzed in the brine shrimp with LC50 equal to 612.27 Âg.mL-1 forward and Lactuca sativa, presented at which germination index higher than 80% high concentrations, demostrating its potential for applications in the cosmetics industry , food and drugs. The biosurfactant produced also efficient in removing, approximately, 82% diesel and 77% petroleum adsorbed on sand.
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Oliveira, Darlane Wellen Freitas de. "ProduÃÃo de biossurfactantes por Bacillus subtilis LAMI005 utilizando suco de caju clarificado." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6846.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial do microrganismo Bacillus subtilis LAMI005 em produzir biossufactantes utilizando suco de caju clarificado como fonte de carbono. A capacidade de produÃÃo do microrganismo foi avaliada com um ensaio preliminar utilizando meio mineral como meio e cultivo, tendo glicose e frutose padrÃo analÃtico como fonte de carbono. Posteriormente avaliou-se a influÃncia da variaÃÃo nas concentraÃÃes da fonte de carbono, utilizando suco de caju clarificado como substrato, mantendo a concentraÃÃo da suplementaÃÃo da fonte de nitrogÃnio constante com 1,0 g.L-1 de (NH4)2SO4. Realizou-se estudo cinÃtico para avaliaÃÃo da viabilidade de bioconversÃo do substrato utilizado em um produto de valor agregado, a surfactina bem como o tipo de metabÃlito formado. O ensaio com meio mineral, com concentraÃÃes iniciais de ART de 40,87 g.L-1 a maior concentraÃÃo de biomassa e surfactina obtidas foram de 2,5 g.L-1 137 mg.L-1 respectivamente,com 72 horas de ensaio. A menor reduÃÃo da tensÃo superficial do meio rico em surfactina foi em torno de 27,0 dina.cm-1, representando 55% de reduÃÃo. O pH permaneceu numa faixa de 6,0 - 7,0. Variando a fonte de carbono tendo concentraÃÃes iniciais de ART de 12,71 g.L-1, 22,92 g.L-1, 48,96 g.L-1, 65,04 g.L-1, 96,10 g.L-1 e 40,65 g.L-1 + 0,1% de soluÃÃo de micronutrientes, a maior produÃÃo de surfatina obtida foi no ensaio com concentraÃÃo de ART de 22,92 g.L-1 atingindo o valor de 372,56 g.L1 em 48 horas. A maior concentraÃÃo de biomassa alcanÃada para os ensaios com variaÃÃo nas concentraÃÃes iniciais de ART foram de 2,05 g.L-1, 5,3 g.L-1, 7,49 g.L-1, 8,6 g.L-1, 8,4 g.L-1 e 7,14 g.L-1 respectivamente, para as concentraÃÃes de ART supracitadas. Todos os ensaios apresentaram carbono residual ao final do processo, pH chegando a valores muito Ãcidos de atà 4,0, mostrando-se estÃvel na faixa entre 6,0 e 7,0 apenas no ensaio com concentraÃÃo de ART 96,10 g.L-1. O surfactante produzido apresentou boa capacidade emulsificante, em torno de 50%, em hidrocarbonetos como querosene e Ãleo de soja e formaram emulsÃes estÃveis, atingindo valores em torno de 2,0 U. Os ensaios fermentativos variando a concentraÃÃo da fonte carbono apresentaram velocidade especÃfica mÃxima de crescimento (μxmÃx) semelhantes. As velocidades especÃficas de crescimento (μx), de consumo de substrato (μs) e de produÃÃo de biossurfactante (μp) correlacionaram-se muito bem, podendo entÃo afirmar que a formaÃÃo do produto à um metabÃlito primÃrio e està associada ao crescimento. O modelo matemÃtico aplicado aos ensaios fermentativos ajustou-se bem aos dados experimentais, comprovando a viabilidade da bioconversÃo do substrato em um produto de valor agregado, a surfactina.
The purpose of this study was evaluate the biosurfactants potential production of the microorganism Bacillus subtilis LAMI005 using clarified cashew apple juice as carbon source. The microorganism production capacity was evaluated with preliminary test using mineral medium as inoculum and cultivation, and glucose and fructose standard analytical as carbon source. Subsequently, the influence of carbon source variation was evaluated keeping the supplementation of nitrogen source constant at 1.0 g.L-1 (NH4)2SO4. Kinetic study was conducted to assess the feasibility of substrate bioconversion used in a value-added product, surfactin, and the type of formed metabolite. The test with mineral medium with initial concentrations of 40.87 g.L-1 TRS were obtained the higher biomass concentration and surfactin of 2.5 g.L-1 and 137 mg.L-1 respectively in 72 hours of testing. The lower surface tension reduction of the medium rich in surfactin was around 27.0 dyne.cm-1, representing 55% reduction. The pH remained in a range from 6.0 to 7.0. By varying the carbon source and initial concentrations of TRS 12.71 g.L-1, 22.92 g.L-1, 48.96 g.L-1, 65.04 g.L-1, 96.10 g.L-1 and 40.65 g.L-1 + 0.1% solution of micronutrients, the highest yield was obtained in surfatin test concentration of TRS of 22.92 g.L-1 reaching a value of 372.56 g.L-1 in 48 hours. The highest concentration of biomass obtained for assays with variation in initial concentrations of TRS were 2.05 g.L-1, 5.3 g.L-1, 7.49 g.L-1, 8.6 g.L-1, 8.4 g.L-1 and 7.14 g.L-1 respectively, for concentrations above TRS. All tests showed residual carbon at the end of the process, reaching pH values much acid to 4.0, being stable in the range between 6.0 and 7.0 only at test concentrations of 96.10 g.L-1 TRS. Surfactant produced showed good emulsifying capacity, around 50% in hydrocarbons such as kerosene and soybean oil and formed stable emulsions, reaching values around 2.0 U. Fermentations varying the concentration of carbon source showed maximum specific growth (μxmÃx) similar. The specific growth rates (μx), substrate consumption (μs) and biosurfactant production (μp) fitted quite well, we conclude that the product formation is a primary metabolite and is associated with growth. The mathematical model used for testing fermentative fitted well to the experimental data, proving the feasibility of bioconversion of the substrate in surfactin.
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Oliveira, Mirela AraÃjo de. "AvaliaÃÃo da influÃncia de adjuvantes de secagem sobre as propriedades de suco de caju atomizado." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1531.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoAs indÃstrias de frutas tÃm sofrido pressÃes para se adaptar aos crescentes requerimentos dos consumidores, relacionados a conveniÃncia, seguranÃa alimentar, e benefÃcios à saÃde. Uma evidÃncia de tais mudanÃas à o aumento da produÃÃo de sucos de frutas e produtos similares. Embora os nÃctares, prontos para beber, sejam produtos de conveniÃncia, eles tÃm alto peso e volume, jà que tÃm a Ãgua como principal componente. Esse à um aspecto inconveniente, e aumenta os custos de transporte. Os sucos em pà tÃm algumas vantagens sobre os sucos integrais, como o transporte mais fÃcil e barato e sua maior estabilidade microbiolÃgica. No entanto, o consumidor parece ainda confundir sucos em pà com refrescos artificiais em pÃ, mais comumente encontrados, o que prejudica a consolidaÃÃo dos primeiros no mercado. O caju (Anacardium occidentale) à uma fruta originÃria do Nordeste brasileiro, para o qual apresenta grande importÃncia socioeconÃmica. à formado por castanha (verdadeiro fruto) e pedÃnculo (pseudofruto). A alta perecibilidade do pedÃnculo in natura tem motivado o desenvolvimento de processos que gerem produtos estÃveis, disponÃveis ao longo do ano, ao mesmo tempo facilitando seu transporte para longe da regiÃo produtora. A atomizaÃÃo à a tÃcnica mais utilizada para secagem de alimentos lÃquidos. Entretanto, produtos ricos em aÃÃcares, como sucos de frutas, sÃo difÃceis de atomizar, pois produzem pÃs muito higroscÃpicos, suscetÃveis a aglomeraÃÃo. Isso pode ser minimizado pela adiÃÃo dos chamados adjuvantes de secagem, como as maltodextrinas, que reduzem sua higroscopicidade. O presente estudo envolveu uma tentativa de substituiÃÃo (total ou parcial) de maltodextrinas (MD) por goma de cajueiro (GC), um polissacarÃdeo semelhante à goma arÃbica, muito abundante no Nordeste brasileiro, mas ainda pouco utilizada. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o impacto de duas variÃveis do processo de atomizaÃÃo - proporÃÃo adjuvante de secagem/ sÃlidos de caju (2:1-5:1) e grau de substituiÃÃo de MD por GC (0-100%), segundo um delineamento composto central - sobre a retenÃÃo de Ãcido ascÃrbico e as propriedades fÃsicas (higroscopicidade e fluidez) e solubilidade de suco de caju atomizado. A retenÃÃo de Ãcido ascÃrbico durante a atomizaÃÃo foi favorecida por maiores proporÃÃes adjuvante de secagem/sÃlidos de caju (AS/SC) e maior grau de substituiÃÃo de MD por GC. A goma de cajueiro mostrou-se um material bastante promissor a ser utilizado como adjuvante de secagem. As condiÃÃes de processo consideradas como as mais adequadas foram as seguintes: proporÃÃo AS/SC, 5:1, com substituiÃÃo de MD por GC em pelo menos 50%.
The fruit industries have been compelled to adapt to the increasing consumer requeriments related to convenience, food safety and health benefits. An evidence of such changes is the increasing production of fruit juices and related products. Although the ready-to-drink fruit nectars are convenience products, they have high weight and volume, since they have water as their main component. This is an inconvenient aspect, and increases transportation costs. The powder juices have some advantages over whole juices, such as easier and cheaper transportation and higher microbial stability. However, the consumers seem to confuse powder juices with the more commonly found fruit-flavored powder drinks, impairing the consolidation of the former in the market. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is a fruit from Brazilian Northeast, having great socio-economic importance for that region. It contains the cashew nut (the real fruit) and the cashew apple (pseudofruit). The low stability of the fresh cashew apple has motivated the development of processes to obtain more shelf-stable products which could be available all year long, and at the same time easy to transport to distant markets. Spray drying is the most used technique to dry liquid foods. However, sugar-rich foods such as fruit juices are difficult to dry, since they produce too hygroscopic powders, which are prone to caking and flowing problems. This can be minimized by addition of drying-aids, such as maltodextrins, which reduce their hygroscopicity. The present study involved an attempt to totally or partially replace maltodextrins (MD) by cashew tree gum (CTG), a polysaccharide similar to gum arabic, very abundant in Brazilian Northeast but under-utilized. The objective of the work was to evaluate the impact of two variables â drying aid/cashew apple solids (DA/CA) ratio (2:1-5:1) and degree of replacement of MD with CTG (0-100%), according to a central composite design â on ascorbic acid retention, physical properties (hygroscopicity and flowability) and solubility of spray dried cashew apple juice. The ascorbic acid retention was favored by higher DA/CA ratios and higher replacements of MD. Cashew tree gum was shown as a promising drying aid material. The most adequate drying conditions were considered as being the following: DA/CA ratio, 5:1, with CTG replacing MD in at least 50%.
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Oliveira, Mirela Araújo de. "Avaliação da influência de adjuvantes de secagem sobre as propriedades de suco de caju atomizado." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17832.
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OLIVEIRA, Mirela Araújo de. Avaliação da influência de adjuvantes de secagem sobre as propriedades de suco de caju atomizado. 2008. 63 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2008Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-21T15:44:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_maoliveira.pdf: 344638 bytes, checksum: c7be23bd0664083768d19e6b751a3c6d (MD5)
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The fruit industries have been compelled to adapt to the increasing consumer requeriments related to convenience, food safety and health benefits. An evidence of such changes is the increasing production of fruit juices and related products. Although the ready-to-drink fruit nectars are convenience products, they have high weight and volume, since they have water as their main component. This is an inconvenient aspect, and increases transportation costs. The powder juices have some advantages over whole juices, such as easier and cheaper transportation and higher microbial stability. However, the consumers seem to confuse powder juices with the more commonly found fruit-flavored powder drinks, impairing the consolidation of the former in the market. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is a fruit from Brazilian Northeast, having great socio-economic importance for that region. It contains the cashew nut (the real fruit) and the cashew apple (pseudofruit). The low stability of the fresh cashew apple has motivated the development of processes to obtain more shelf-stable products which could be available all year long, and at the same time easy to transport to distant markets. Spray drying is the most used technique to dry liquid foods. However, sugar-rich foods such as fruit juices are difficult to dry, since they produce too hygroscopic powders, which are prone to caking and flowing problems. This can be minimized by addition of drying-aids, such as maltodextrins, which reduce their hygroscopicity. The present study involved an attempt to totally or partially replace maltodextrins (MD) by cashew tree gum (CTG), a polysaccharide similar to gum arabic, very abundant in Brazilian Northeast but under-utilized. The objective of the work was to evaluate the impact of two variables – drying aid/cashew apple solids (DA/CA) ratio (2:1-5:1) and degree of replacement of MD with CTG (0-100%), according to a central composite design – on ascorbic acid retention, physical properties (hygroscopicity and flowability) and solubility of spray dried cashew apple juice. The ascorbic acid retention was favored by higher DA/CA ratios and higher replacements of MD. Cashew tree gum was shown as a promising drying aid material. The most adequate drying conditions were considered as being the following: DA/CA ratio, 5:1, with CTG replacing MD in at least 50%.
As indústrias de frutas têm sofrido pressões para se adaptar aos crescentes requerimentos dos consumidores, relacionados a conveniência, segurança alimentar, e benefícios à saúde. Uma evidência de tais mudanças é o aumento da produção de sucos de frutas e produtos similares. Embora os néctares, prontos para beber, sejam produtos de conveniência, eles têm alto peso e volume, já que têm a água como principal componente. Esse é um aspecto inconveniente, e aumenta os custos de transporte. Os sucos em pó têm algumas vantagens sobre os sucos integrais, como o transporte mais fácil e barato e sua maior estabilidade microbiológica. No entanto, o consumidor parece ainda confundir sucos em pó com refrescos artificiais em pó, mais comumente encontrados, o que prejudica a consolidação dos primeiros no mercado. O caju (Anacardium occidentale) é uma fruta originária do Nordeste brasileiro, para o qual apresenta grande importância socioeconômica. É formado por castanha (verdadeiro fruto) e pedúnculo (pseudofruto). A alta perecibilidade do pedúnculo in natura tem motivado o desenvolvimento de processos que gerem produtos estáveis, disponíveis ao longo do ano, ao mesmo tempo facilitando seu transporte para longe da região produtora. A atomização é a técnica mais utilizada para secagem de alimentos líquidos. Entretanto, produtos ricos em açúcares, como sucos de frutas, são difíceis de atomizar, pois produzem pós muito higroscópicos, suscetíveis a aglomeração. Isso pode ser minimizado pela adição dos chamados adjuvantes de secagem, como as maltodextrinas, que reduzem sua higroscopicidade. O presente estudo envolveu uma tentativa de substituição (total ou parcial) de maltodextrinas (MD) por goma de cajueiro (GC), um polissacarídeo semelhante à goma arábica, muito abundante no Nordeste brasileiro, mas ainda pouco utilizada. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o impacto de duas variáveis do processo de atomização - proporção adjuvante de secagem/ sólidos de caju (2:1-5:1) e grau de substituição de MD por GC (0-100%), segundo um delineamento composto central - sobre a retenção de ácido ascórbico e as propriedades físicas (higroscopicidade e fluidez) e solubilidade de suco de caju atomizado. A retenção de ácido ascórbico durante a atomização foi favorecida por maiores proporções adjuvante de secagem/sólidos de caju (AS/SC) e maior grau de substituição de MD por GC. A goma de cajueiro mostrou-se um material bastante promissor a ser utilizado como adjuvante de secagem. As condições de processo consideradas como as mais adequadas foram as seguintes: proporção AS/SC, 5:1, com substituição de MD por GC em pelo menos 50%.
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Pinheiro, Ãlvaro Daniel Teles. "FermentaÃÃo ÃlcÃolica de Suco de Caju (Anacardium occidentale L): InfluÃncias de condiÃÃes operacionais." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8038.
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Devido à sua vasta biodiversidade, o Brasil dispÃe de uma grande variedade de resÃduos agrÃcolas e agroindustriais, cujo bioprocessamento à de grande interesse econÃmico e social. Entre os biocombustÃveis produzidos em todo o mundo, o etanol produzido no Brasil a partir da cana de aÃÃcar possui lugar de destaque, apresentando notÃvel evoluÃÃo durante as ultimas dÃcadas, alcanÃando assim maturidade e consistÃncia. Contudo, estima-se que a produÃÃo de etanol atravÃs dessa matÃria-prima nÃo seja suficiente para atender a demanda mundial. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produÃÃo de etanol a partir do suco de caju. Para tal fim, inicialmente, avaliou-se a necessidade de suplementaÃÃo do suco de caju para a sua posterior fermentaÃÃo. Nesta etapa, foi observado que nÃo se faz necessÃria a suplementaÃÃo do suco de caju com nutrientes, pois o mesmo in natura jà apresenta todos os nutrientes necessÃrios para o crescimento do microrganismo. Posteriormente, estudou-se o efeito da temperatura na produÃÃo de etanol, avaliando a fermentaÃÃo na faixa de 26 a 42ÂC. Os melhores resultados de rendimento (0,5 g.g-1), produtividade (4,9 g.L-1.h-1), eficiÃncia (92,8%) e produÃÃo mÃxima de etanol (49,3 g.L-1), foram obtidos quando se conduziu a fermentaÃÃo na faixa de 30 a 38ÂC. Os modelos de Monod e Arrhenius foram utilizados para descrever a dependÃncia dos parÃmetros cinÃticos com a temperatura, sendo os resultados obtidos satisfatÃrios. O potencial do suco de caju como fonte de aÃÃcares para a produÃÃo de etanol foi avaliado por diferentes cepas de leveduras dos gÃneros Saccharomyces e Kluyveromyces. Os resultados mostraram que as cepas de Saccharomyces foram bastante superiores quando comparadas Ãs Kluyveromyces quanto à produÃÃo mÃxima de etanol. A levedura que apresentou melhores resultados para os parÃmetros cinÃticos avaliados foi a Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCA008. Por ultimo, para determinar o efeito da concentraÃÃo inicial de substrato na produÃÃo de etanol, estudou-se a faixa de 70, 90, 110, 130 e 150 g.L-1 de substrato inicial. A concentraÃÃo que apresentou melhores resultados para os parÃmetros estudados foi 90 g.L-1. O modelo cinÃtico que conseguiu chegar mais prÃximos dos dados experimentais e assim descrever o processo mais fielmente foi o modelo proposto por Ghose & Thyagi. Com estes resultados, conclui-se que o uso do suco de caju como substrato para a produÃÃo de etanol trarà benefÃcios econÃmicos, pois estaremos utilizando um substrato de baixo custo, e ambientais, jà que o mesmo à um resÃduo agroindustrial proveniente da produÃÃo de castanha de caju.Despite its big biodiversity, Brazil has a great variety of agriculturists and agroindustrials which its bioprocess has a lot of economic and social interest. Among all the ethanol produced all over the world, the ethanol produced in Brazil made of cane of sugar has great distinction. Its evolution on the last decade is remarkable reaching its maturity and consistency. Within all it is estimated that the ethanol produced with that material is not enough to be spread and supply worldwide. The object of this article is to evaluate the production of the ethanol made with cashew apple juice. In this stage, it was observed that it is not necessary to supplement the cashew apple juice to posterior fermentation because the juice already shows all the nutrients necessary for the growth of the microorganism. Later there was a study showing that the temperature in the production of ethanol evaluating its fermentation between 26 and 42ÂC. The best results of revenue (0,5 g.g-1), productivity (4,9 g.L-1.h-1), efficiency (92,8%) and the maximum production of ethanol (49,3 g.L-1), It was gained when the fermentation was conducted between 30 to 38ÂC. The models of Monod and Arrhenius were used to describe the dependence of the kinetic parameter with the temperature, showing the results to be satisfactory. The potential of the cashew apple juice being a source of sugar for the production of ethanol was evaluated by different sources of the genders Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces. The results showed that the strains of Saccharomyces were higher when compared to the Kluyveromyces to the maximum production of ethanol. The strain that showed the best results for the kinetic parameter that was evaluated was Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCA008. At last, to determine the effect of the initial concentrate substratum in the production of ethanol, it was studied the range of 70, 90, 110, 130 and 170 g.L-1 of initial substratum. The one that showed the best results for the parameters studied was 90 g.L-1. The kinetic model that came closer to the ones experimented and could explain the process best was the model proposed by Ghose & Thyagi. In conclusion, with those results shows that the cashew apple juice used in the production of ethanol will bring great economic benefits because it is a product of low cost and economic as well as to the environment being a agroindustial product deriving from the production of the cashew nut.
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Rabelo, Marcela Cristina. "Termoestabilidade de enzimas dos sucos de graviola e caju." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18571.
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RABELO, Marcela Cristina. Termoestabilidade de enzimas dos sucos de graviola e caju. 2012. 55 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2012.Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-06-06T13:36:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_mcrabelo.pdf: 879949 bytes, checksum: 07273017644edc43fb0362c7a1ec8c7e (MD5)
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The industrialization of fruit into juices aims to maintain its sensorial and nutritional characteristics as similar as possible to in natura produce, besides ensuring the microbiological safety. However, processing and storage of fruit juice triggers a range of complex biochemical reactions that may lead to losses of desirable or development of unpleasant flavors. Enzymes such as peroxidases and pectinases may compromise the quality and shelf-life of juices and therefore should be inactivated. This work´s objective was to evaluate the thermostability of enzymes from cashew apple and soursop juices. Juices were prepared as ripe soursop pulp was homogenized with a domestic blender and diluted in water distilled (1:1) meanwhile, ripe cashew apples were expeller-pressed. The juices were submitted to different thermal treatments (55, 65, 75, 85 and 95 °C) for different periods of times (1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min) and then, evaluated for activity of enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate (APX) and guaiacol (G-POD) peroxidases, pectinamethylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG). For the cashew juice, SOD activity was highly resistant to thermal treatments as the exposure to 95 °C initially decreased its activity followed by a recovery and maintenance of 74% of residual activity, after 30 min. APX residual activity initially declined under all temperatures tested, but then increased, especially at 55 °C. PME from cashew juice was thermoresistant as the 55 °C treatment increased its activity 10-fold and the greater temperatures did not differ from control. PG and PME presented similar thermostability patterns as the lower tested temperatures stimulated their activities and the higher temperatures did not alter them. For the soursop juice, the 85 and 95 °C treatments totally inactivated SOD, after 3 min. The G-POD was inactivated after 1 min, at 65 °C. The PME was thermolabile and treatment at 95 °C caused the greatest reduction in activity, 39%, after 30 min. Treatments at 95 and 85 °C led to the greatest inactivation of PG to 26 and 18%, respectively, after 30min. The enzymes from cashew apple juice were more resistant to heating than those from soursop juice, indicating that characteristics particular to each fruit species and the different preparation methods influenced their thermostability. As a conclusion, the treatment at 75 °C for 30 min was considered optimum for cashew juice enzyme inactivation, whereas 55 °C for 30 min was efficient for the soursop juice in reducing significant amounts of the residual activity of enzymes that would lead to quality loss without compromising the activity of desirable enzymes.
A industrialização de produtos alimentícios visa à obtenção de produtos com características sensoriais e nutricionais próximas ao produto in natura e que sejam seguros sob o ponto de vista microbiológico. Nas operações de processamento e durante o armazenamento de suco de frutas ocorrem transformações que podem resultar em perdas ou aparecimento de sabor e aroma desagradáveis devido a várias reações bioquímicas complexas entre seus constituintes. Enzimas, como as peroxidases e as pectinases podem comprometer a qualidade e tempo de vida útil dos sucos, devendo, portanto, ser inativadas durante as etapas do processamento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tratamento térmico sobre a atividade de enzimas nos sucos de caju e graviola. Polpas de graviola madura foram homogeneizadas em aparelho liquidificador doméstico e diluídas em água destilada na proporção de 1:1, para a obtenção do suco. Já o suco de caju foi preparado a partir da prensagem de pedúnculos maduros. Os sucos foram tratados com diferentes temperaturas (55, 65, 75, 85 e 95 °C) por diferentes tempos (1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 30 minutos) e então avaliados quanto à atividade das enzimas dismutase do superóxido (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidases do ascorbato (APX) e guaiacol (G-POD), pectinametilesterase (PME) e poligalacturonase (PG). Para o suco de caju, observou-se que a SOD apresenta uma elevada resistência a altas temperaturas, de modo que a exposição a 95 °C resultou em decréscimo em sua atividade residual no primeiro minuto e depois, em uma recuperação e manutenção da atividade até os 30 min, quando houve então um declínio para 74%. A atividade residual da APX sofreu um declínio no primeiro minuto de todos os tratamentos aplicados, seguido de um aumento principalmente a 55 °C. A PME de suco de caju mostrou-se termorresistente como pode ser observado pelo tratamento a 55 °C que aumentou sua atividade em até 10 vezes e os demais tratamentos não provocaram grandes alterações na atividade da PME em relação ao controle. Os resultados encontrados para a PG se assemelham aos encontrados para a PME, quando as temperaturas mais baixas estimularam a atividade e de modo geral, o aquecimento nas condições empregadas não reduziu sua atividade. Para o suco de graviola, o tratamento a 85 e 95 °C resultou em total inativação da SOD, após 3 min. A G-POD foi inativada em a partir de 1 min a 65 °C. A PME do suco de graviola se apresentou susceptível ao aquecimento e o tratamento a 95 °C apresentou a maior redução em sua atividade caindo para 39%, após 30 min. As temperaturas de 85 e 95 °C resultaram na maior inativação da PG que apresentou atividade residual de 26 e 18% após 30 min, respectivamente. De um modo geral, as enzimas provenientes do suco de caju mostraram-se mais termorresistentes do que aquelas provenientes do suco de graviola, o que indica que a origem e as características da solução onde tais enzimas estão inseridas influenciam em sua termoestabilidade. Como conclusão para o suco de caju, o tratamento a 75 °C por 30 min foi considerado o melhor, enquanto que para o suco de graviola, o tratamento a 55 °C por 30 min mostrou-se já eficiente em reduzir a atividade residual de enzimas que levariam a uma depreciação do suco sem comprometer a atividade de enzimas desejáveis.
Books on the topic "Cashew juice"
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Attia, Muriel. La cuisine casher française, ou, La nouvelle cuisine de la mère juive. Paris: J. Grancher, 1985.
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Toubiana, Line. Destins croisés: Elles sont profs, l'une juive, l'autre catholique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1996.
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Teitelbaum, Benjamin R. Rap, Reggae, and White Minoritization. Edited by Fabian Holt and Antti-Ville Kärjä. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190603908.013.19.
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This chapter examines the significance of music in radical white nationalist activism in the Nordic countries. The focus of the chapter is a change in how nationalists look at the relation between their ideological dogmas and music. For decades, the consensus was that the music had to be white, but in the 2000s young activists started to challenge this norm, introducing genres such as hip hop and reggae. The analysis looks beyond the literature’s conventional focus on how the music supports activism to instead examine racial constructions through music, arguing that the introduction of black genres involved a new conception of whiteness. The case studies include the rappers Zyklon Boom and Juice from Sweden, as well as a song by Nordic Youth.
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Toubiana, Line. Destins croisés: elles sont profs, l'une juive, l'autre catholique. L'Harmattan, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cashew juice"
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Khandetod, Y. P., A. G. Mohod, and H. Y. Shrirame. "Bioethanol Production from Fermented Cashew Apple Juice by Solar Concentrator." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 63–79. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2773-1_5.
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Rocha, Maria V. P., Maria C. M. Souza, Sofia C. L. Benedicto, Márcio S. Bezerra, Gorete R. Macedo, Gustavo A. Saavedra Pinto, and Luciana R. B. Gonçalves. "Production of Biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Grown on Cashew Apple Juice." In Applied Biochemistry and Biotecnology, 185–94. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-181-3_17.
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Pinheiro, Álvaro Daniel Teles, Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha, Gorete R. Macedo, and Luciana R. B. Gonçalves. "Evaluation of Cashew Apple Juice for the Production of Fuel Ethanol." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 745–52. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-526-2_68.
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Szende, Peter, Suzanne Markham Bagnera, and Danielle Clark Cole. "The juice squeezer." In Human Resource Management in Hospitality Cases, 47–48. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351233316-17.
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Hall Burton, Denise M., Miya Asato, and Charles Boucek. "High Fat Diet (I): No Juice For The Ketotic Kid." In A Case Approach to Perioperative Drug-Drug Interactions, 833–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7495-1_186.
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Pereira, Ana, and Sueli Rodrigues. "Fermentation and Cashew Apple Juice." In Handbook of Plant-Based Fermented Food and Beverage Technology, Second Edition, 237–48. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12055-17.
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Fernandes, Maria Thereza Carlos, Fernanda Silva Farinazzo, Carolina Saori Ishii Mauro, Juliana Morilha Basso, Leticia Juliani Valente, Adriana Aparecida Bosso Tomal, Alessandra Bosso, Camilla de Andrade Pacheco, and Sandra Garcia. "STUDY OF CELL VIABILITY AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBIOTIC JUICE FROM CASHEW AND TANGERINE." In Inovação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 263–72. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.00019091028.
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Kempkes, M. A. "Pulsed electric field (PEF) systems for commercial food and juice processing." In Case Studies in Novel Food Processing Technologies, 73–102. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857090713.1.73.
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Ho, K. L. G. "Validation and commercialization of dense phase carbon dioxide processing for orange juice." In Case Studies in Novel Food Processing Technologies, 209–25. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857090713.2.209.
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Rusnedy, Rahmayati. "Potential Natural Product from Tropical Fruits: A Mixture Young Coconut Fruit and Kaffir Lime Fruit as Immunonutrition for the Treatment of Sepsis by Lipopolysaccaride Escherichia coli (Infectious Disease)." In Infectious Diseases and Sepsis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99005.
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The high number of cases reported of antibiotic resistance use and mortality due to gram-negative sepsis, triggered the development of natural agents to be used in the prevention and treatment of sepsis. Studies continue to be developed on the use of tropical fruits such as coconut fruit and kaffir lime fruit which contain high antioxidants and many potential compounds. Recent experimental data has proven that the high antioxidant activity found in the coconut fruit mixture, namely processed fruit flesh and coconut water and added kaffir lime juice, can be used as an immunonutrition agent that can improve body physiology and can increase the survival rate of test animals from endotoxemia lipopolysaccharide induced by Eschercia coli intraperitoneally. This chapter provides an overview of the potential of natural products that can be used as immunonutrition preparations. Finally, this provides information showing the importance of the intake of immunonutrition in conditions of sepsis infection.
Conference papers on the topic "Cashew juice"
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"Corrosion Effects of ASTM A513 Steel in Cashew and Pineapple Juice Using RSM." In Sept. 20-22, 2018 Lisbon (Portugal). Universal Researchers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/uruae3.ul0918104.
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Andarini, Fitria, Dudung Angkasa, Anugrah Noviati, Vitria Melani, and Putri Ronitawati. "Development of High Antioxidant Yoghurt Made from a Mixture of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Extract and Red Roses (Rosa damascena) Juice." In 1st International Conference on Health. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009562600340039.
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Kramer, Thomas, K. Höschler, B. Kaltschmidt, Hans-Dieter Grimmecke, K. Thürasch, and Jörg Gabert. "Detection of Campylobacter antibodies in swine meat juice - a first case study." In Fourth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella and Other Food Borne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-1179.
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Wicaksono, Adityo, Firman Tri Ajie, and Tommy Hendrix. "Mitigation on Product Launch Failure: Case Study: Brand X Nutmeg Juice Product." In 2016 Global Conference on Business, Management and Entrepreneurship. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/gcbme-16.2016.146.
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Ruangngam, Issara, and Thananya Wasusri. "Aggregate Planning Using Mixed Integer Programing: A Fruit Juice Concentrated Factory Case Study." In 33rd International ECMS Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2019-0249.
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Ralph, Wayne, and Carlos A. Smith. "Flow and Tank Inventory Measurement." In ASME 1987 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1987-3304.
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The need to track inventory and material transfers in processing plants is almost universal. That is part of the reason we were asked to participate in this conference. Because, most of our experience is in industries other than citrus processing. We agreed to write this paper expecting that the experience of other processing industries could be useful. Someone called this a cross pollination experiment. A common denominator in industry, indeed life, is money. We may confuse each other with terms such as Brix, degrees API, yield, etc., but dollars we understand. The need to know how many pounds of juice produced and stored is analogous to measuring the gallons of gasoline produced and stored. In both cases we ultimately need to know the value of product produced per dollar of raw materials consumed and the value of the current product inventory. We will review the need for flow and inventory measurements, the current citrus industry practices and potential opportunities for improved measurements by using currently available proven technology. Paper published with permission.
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Cárcel, Juan A., Matheus P. Martins, Edgar J. Cortés, Carmen Rosselló, and Ramón Peña. "Influence of the temperature and ultrasound application in drying kinetics of apple skin." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7889.
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The great amount of waste produced by food industry contains interesting bioactive compounds. The extraction of these compounds requires the by-products previous stabilization being the convective drying one of most used techniques to this end. Drying conditions can affect both drying kinetics and final quality of products. The apple skin, byproduct of apple juice or cider industries, is rich in functional compounds such as polyphenols or vitamin C. The main goal of this contribution was to quantify the influence of temperature and ultrasound application in drying kinetics of apple skin. For this purpose, drying experiments at different temperatures (-10, 30, 50 and 70 ºC) and with (20.5 kW/m3) and without application of ultrasound were carried out. Drying kinetics were modelled by using a diffusion based model. As can be expected, the higher the temperature the faster the drying. Ultrasound application accelerated the process at every temperature tested being the influence slightly lower than found from the literature for other products. This can be attributed at the physical structure of the apple skin, less porous than the pulp. In any case, the application of ultrasound significantly reduced the drying time. Keywords: by-products; dehydration;diffusivity; mass transfer
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Dawson, Gaynor, and Tom McKeon. "Green Remediation: Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination Using Recycled Rinsewater as Bioremediation Substrate." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7090.
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Enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) has rapidly become a remedy of choice for use on chlorinated solvent contamination when site conditions allow. With this approach, solutions of an organic substrate are injected into the affected aquifer to stimulate biological growth and the resultant production of reducing conditions in the target zone. Under the reducing conditions, hydrogen is produced and ultimately replaces chlorine atoms on the contaminant molecule causing sequential dechlorination. Under suitable conditions the process continues until the parent hydrocarbon precursor is produced, such as the complete dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) to ethene. The process is optimized by use of a substrate that maximizes hydrogen production per unit cost. When natural biota are not present to promote the desired degradation, inoculates can be added with the substrate. The in-situ method both reduces cost and accelerates cleanup. Successful applications have been extended from the most common chlorinated compounds perchloroethylene (PCE) and TCE and related products of degradation, to perchlorate, and even explosives such as RDX and trinitrotoluene on which nitrates are attacked in lieu of chloride. In recent work, the process has been further improved through use of beverage industry wastewaters that are available at little or no cost. With material cost removed from the equation, applications can maximize the substrate loading without significantly increasing total cost. The extra substrate loading both accelerates reaction rates and extends the period of time over which reducing conditions are maintained. In some cases, the presence of other organic matter in addition to simple sugars provides for longer performance times of individual injections, thereby working in a fashion similar to emulsified vegetable oil. The paper discusses results of applications at three different sites contaminated with chlorinated ethylenes. The applications have included wastewaters of both natural fruit juices and corn syrup solutions from carbonated beverages. Cost implications include both the reduced cost of substrate and the cost avoidance of needing to pay for treatment of the wastewater.
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Baker, John, and Marshall Ralph. "The Convergence of Squeeze: With Respectable Speed, a New Gas Turbine Power Plant Rises at an Arizona Mine." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54902.
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When muscular market forces and juicy resource opportunities fall into alignment, the usual pace of power plant capital development can give way to a literal sprint. The 2010 development by Mercator Minerals of a new 45 MW gas turbine power plant at the Mineral Park Mine in Arizona is an example of the respectable speed at which an LM6000 PF Sprint plant can be bought, fueled, built and fired up. In this case, a grand market opportunity dropped into the in-basket of a mine CEO prepared to pounce: Mercator Minerals got the opportunity to sell, in a short delivery window, a great amount of copper/molybdenum ore concentrate. The opportunity was blocked by a shortage of electricity needed to mine it and concentrate the ore. A long-planned 220kV transmission line could not be permitted and built in time. Mercator recognized that a gas pipeline could be built, however, and was within the capabilities of Mercator’s construction resources. Solution: a gas-fired mine-site power plant. On Christmas Eve, 2009, Mercator summoned its power supply consultant to the mine. Power plant engineers earn part of their keep by inserting a moderating element into these spirited discussions. But when the engineers met with Mercator’s CEO on Christmas Eve, they found themselves pressed “vigorously” on the spot for a review of plant and equipment options, and an AFE-level cost of electricity estimate. The mad pace continued: the final consultant report, and Mercator’s command to proceed, came before New Year’s Day. After a multi-month scramble to find financing and an investigation into used, gray-market and new turbine availability, the engineers located a new LM6000 high in GE’s queue and temporarily homeless due to a schedule change. All parties agreed that EPC would be too slow. Mercator undertook to procure and build the entire project, employing the consultant as the design engineer. The plant’s completion and entry into service in 2010 was no surprise to Mercator. For others involved, the project seemed to finish before it had a chance to start. The project, now running productively, is a vivid testimony to Mercator’s ability to move decisively to develop a power plant crucial to the Mineral Park Mine’s production commitments.