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1
Griffin, Laura Elizabeth, and Lisa Louise Dean. "Nutrient Composition of Raw, Dry-Roasted, and Skin-On Cashew Nuts." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 6 (September 26, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n6p13.
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Cashew nuts are the second most popular tree nut in the US with sales growing at a rate of 7% per annum. The highest quality cashew nuts are traditionally whole, oil-roasted, and devoid of skins. The development of a technique to remove the caustic cashew nut shell liquid from cashews and leave the skins intact allows for the production of novel cashew products including skin-on or “wrapped” in addition to raw and dry roasted products. This study investigated the nutritional characteristics of these newer cashew products. These products were found to contain bioactive compounds including mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, arginine, magnesium, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds. All the types of cashews exhibited higher levels of phytosterols than the amounts reported for other tree nuts. The skin-on cashews had higher levels of phenolic compounds compared to the other cashew varieties tested, indicating additional health benefits of consuming cashew nuts with skins.
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Kurniawan, Ade Putra, Ferly Eka Kerniati, and Andre Rachmat Scabra. "Peningkatan Nilai Jual Biji Mete Hasil Produksi Masyarakat Desa Gumantar Kabupaten Lombok Utara." Jurnal SIAR ILMUWAN TANI 1, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jsit.v1i1.3.
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Gumantar Village is one of the villages in North Lombok Regency which has quite good potential in the agriculture and plantation sectors. One of the agricultural products in Gumantar Village is Cashew seeds. The community of Gmumantar Village is not yet optimal in terms of cashew nut processing. Cashew seed products harvested through plantations are sold in raw condition to collectors. Penagbdian activities to the community aims to increase the sale value of processed cashew seed products in Gumantar Village, North Lombok Regency. The increase in selling value is done by processing cashew seeds into ready-to-eat food products. The method of activities carried out is by conducting surveys, training, assistance and evaluation. Partners in community service activities are community groups that are part of the "Cashew series" cashew processing group in Guantar Village, North Lomok Regency. The results that have been achieved from this activity are increased public knowledge about how to process cashews into cashews to increase family income. Cashew seeds sold in raw conditions can now be processed into products that have a higher economic value. The name of the product produced in this community service is "Gumantar Cashew Nuts".
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Witjaksono, Julian, Rusdin, Dahya, Entis Sutisna, Rita Indrasti, Siti Sehat Tan, Chandra Indrawanto, et al. "A REVIEW OF THE SMALLHOLDER CASHEW NUT PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA AND ITS SUSTAINABILITY." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 4 (August 29, 2022): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.4.5.
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Cashew nut production in Indonesia is largely limited to the eastern region. The harvesting time varies according to the production region during the dry season, ranging from July to November. Most cashews are sold in the shells to traders who frequent farmers’ villages. However, the price of cashews in the shell is considerably lower than that of fresh or processed cashew nuts, which are mainly processed by smallholder farmers. Cashews are a potential export commodity because of their high economic value in the global market and as an added value for income generation in the smallholder farming system. This study is a systematic review of the economic impact of the cashew nut home industry focused on Southeast Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, and West Nusa Tenggara as the three largest provinces producing cashew kernels in Indonesia. The metadata suggest that processing cashew nuts is a key element in enhancing farmers’ welfare, particularly for those in eastern regions, which are affected by drought. Four measures were identified to improve the home cashew nut industry sustainability: (1) develop local cashew enterprise processing; (2) facilitate linkages to business and financial institutions; (3) increase income via a farmer’s-group-managed processing unit; and (4) strengthen cooperation between farmer’s groups and companies.
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Siswanti, Rina, Supriyadi Supriyadi, and Subagiya Subagiya. "Hubungan Tingkat Serangan Ulat Kipat (Cricula Trifenestrata) terhadap Hasil Mete." Agrotechnology Research Journal 1, no. 1 (June 16, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v1i1.18866.
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<p>Cricula trifenestrata Helfer (Lepidoptera;Saturniidae) are insect pest of avocado, walnuts, and cashews. C. trifenestrata is most destructive insect pest of cashews, but there is no serious control by farmers. The questions about the effect of C. trifenestrata to cashew’s yield. This study aimed to determine the correlation and regression attack degree of C. trifenestrata to the number of flowers and seeds produced by cashew. Research was conducted by a survey of 30 cashew plants with 6 samples unit at each plant. The parameters observed in this study were plant varieties, plant age, time appears caterpillar, caterpillar number, the attack rate, days to flowering, the number of bunches, flower, and seed. The data were analysed by the correlation and regression analysis. The results showed a positive correlation between the degree of caterpillar attacks to number of flowers and seeds. Increasing degree of attacks may increase the number of flowers and seeds.</p>
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Olaitan P., Babatunde,, Adeigbe, Oluwayemisi O., Sobowale, Olalekan I., Muyiwa, Anna A., and Balogun, Shamsudeen T. "Cashew Production and Breeding in 5 West African Countries." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 29, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i51745.
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Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Is an evergreen perennial tree crop that produce hard greyish nut enclosing a white nutritious kernel. The kernel is one of the major edible nuts or snacks with increasing global demand. The world's largest and most active cashew production region is in West Africa; where Cote d’ivoire, Nigeria, Benin, Guinea-bissau and Ghana top the list of countries where it thrives best. Since 2014, cashew has become the second-main crop after cocoa in terms of export value, in these countries. It is one of the essential agricultural commodities that have significantly boosted the continent of Africa's GDP, foreign exchange profits, and overall worth due to the rising demand for raw cashew nuts. Cote d'ivoire has profited from a few research and development programs in nut quality control. Efforts are on to enhance the peel-ability of Nigerian cashews and to produce improved planting material with the help of private sector investment. Cashew cultivars development of Guinea-bissau has not made significant progress, due to few resources available for doing research. In Ghana, there are efforts to increase the genetic diversity of cashews, and in Benin, numerous farmers have reported inadequate output from their cashew fields. Narrow genetic diversity has been reported in west African cashew gene pools. Low productivity, poor nut quality, infestation of pests and diseases, poor funding, and other factors continue to limit cashew production in West Africa. Improvement in nut yield, nut quality, and broadening of cashew genetic base is important to the sustainability of the region’s cashew sector. This paper provides an overview of current status of cashew production and breeding in the top five cashew producing countries of West African; the challenges, and opportunities for future improvement.
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Supriyadi, Supriyadi, Retno Wijayanti, Retna Bandriyati Arniputri, and Fakhriza Nikma Azizin. "Serangga pengunjung bunga tumbuhan liar dan potensinya untuk mendukung penyerbukan jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L)." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 20, no. 3 (January 3, 2024): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.20.3.269.
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Pollination is important in cashew production, thus it is important to understand the factor determining the presence of pollination in cashew habitat. The research was carried out by field surveys in cashew farms to record the insects that exhibited nectar and pollen foraging activities on wild and cashew flowers. This study recorded the similarity between flower-insect visitors on wild plants and cashews, namely families of Apidae, Halictidae, Pieridae, and Andrenidae. Apidae were the most important flower visitors, but the honey bee, Apis sp. as an important pollinator, did not show the highest abundance. Wild flowering plants in cashew fields have the potential to play a role in the conservation of cashew pollinators.
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Zhang, Lin, Qi Zhi Zhang, and Chang Qin Yi. "Research of Classification Technology of Cashew Nuts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.612.
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Cashew classification technology is tested by the method of orthogonal test in this paper, and it found the main factors, the trend and the optimum operating parameters of cashew classification by observing three factors of the sieve length, drum speed and the number of turns which influenced mixed-level rate and classification efficiency. We did regression analysis of test data by using SPSS software, and got the universal formula of cashews samples grading for cashews samples. The paper provided theoretical basis for the structural design and optimization of the operating parameters of the cashew grading machine.
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Lero, Oni Ringgu, Agnes Quartina Pudjiastuti, and Sumarno Sumarno. "Factors Influencing Indonesia’s Cashew Export Volume." AGRIEKONOMIKA 9, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v9i2.8524.
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Cashews contribute significantly to the Indonesian economy because it is one of the exporting countries. However, volume of exports tends to fluctuate, so it is necessary to identify the influencing factors. This study aims to analyze volume of Indonesian cashew exports and its determinants. Time series data for 8 variables during 1985–2016 were analyzed descriptively by multiple regression models. The results again show fluctuations in export volume and value over 1985–2016 period. Lowest export volume occurred in 1989, but its value was in 1985. Highest export volume and value occurred in 2015. National cashew export volume depends on the domestic cashew price, exchange rate and income per capita. Peanuts and coffee have a complementary relationship with cashews, while sugar has a substitution relationship with this commodity. Cashews are an inferior goods.
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Asriningtias, Yuli, and Wahyu Sri Utami. "Minimization Implementation of Fuzzy Logic to Optimize a Cashew Nut Production using Simpleks-Duality Theory." Compiler 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/compiler.v12i2.1836.
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Production control of cashew nuts greatly affects the profits earned by the company. When cashew nut raw materials exceed production needs, it results in storing cashews for an extended period, causing the cashew products to lose freshness, and the quality of processed cashews deteriorates. If the raw materials are damaged, the manufacturer must acquire additional costs to procure raw materials again. Another issue is that cashew nut raw materials are seasonal products and are not always available.To solve these problems, a calculation method is needed to control optimal production inventory to minimize the company's expenditures. The method used is to formulate the problem into a Fuzzy Linear Programming mathematical model using a combination of methods: the Simplex algorithm and Duality Theory. The case implementation focuses on the uncertainty of cashew nut production quantities outside the harvest season. Moreover, the calculation of an optimal production quantity to minimize resulting losses is needed. The output generated is an optimal production prediction using the combination of the Simplex Algorithm and Duality Theory in solving Fuzzy Linear Programming.
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Mang'ana, Kulwa, Revelian Ngaiza, and Michael Paul. "Unlocking the potential of Tanzania's cashew processing industry: A comparative analysis with Côte d’Ivoire and Mozambique." F1000Research 13 (February 16, 2024): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143364.1.
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Cashew processing is a vital contributor to economic growth in Tanzania, renowned for its cashew nut production. However, despite the country’s historical prominence in cashew production, only 5% of raw cashews undergo local processing, resulting in substantial economic losses. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities within Tanzania’s cashew processing industry, focusing on limited local processing capacity, inefficient tools, raw material availability, market access, and government support. Comparative insights from Côte d’Ivoire and Mozambique further enrich our understanding of the cashew sector. It recommends increasing local processing capacity, enhancing technical expertise through training, ensuring a reliable supply of high-quality raw materials, improving market access via information systems, and strengthening government support with tailored policy frameworks. Notably, the paper emphasizes regional collaboration among African cashew-producing nations as a crucial strategy for collective growth and knowledge exchange. By drawing upon their experiences, this study aims to provide guidance for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and investors to revitalize and sustain Tanzania’s cashew processing sector.
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Mutiat oluwaseyi Agboola-Adedoja, Adejoke Adebusola Adelusi, Qudus Adebayo Ogunwolu, Chinweike Abednego Ugwu, Modinat Adewunmi Alli, Kehinde Ademola Adesanya, and Ayodele Oladipo Akinpelu. "Cashew production, consumption and utilization: Implication on health of end users." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.1.0297.
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This study examined the implication of cashew production, consumption and utilization on the health of end-users. Desk research was carried out using past published literatures. The study outlined the effects of production, consumption and utilization of cashew on human health. The benefits of cashew production, consumption and utilization outweighed the negative effects. Cashew production and use should be promoted because it is beneficial in the treatment of a variety of diseases and ailments. More study on reducing chemical components (allergens) found in unroasted cashews should be encouraged by the government and other stakeholders in the cashew value chain to reduce their sensitivity to people. This will improve the contributions of the crop to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country.
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Nurerk, Piyaluk, and Sirisopa Junden. "Product Development Based Sensory Evaluation and Physicochemical Characterization of Cashew Apple Bagasse Jam and Technology Transfer to Community." Trends in Sciences 18, no. 22 (October 31, 2021): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2021.454.
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Jam type product was successfully developed using cashew apple bagasse from cashew apple juice manufacturing. Proximate analysis of cashew apple bagasse was carried out including soluble and insoluble fiber content. Cashew apple juice was added to 3 different ratios to produce jam type products and their sensory quality was evaluated; 5 percentage cashew apple juice content in Jam product was favored in all sensory parameters. Physicochemical properties of the jam product were analyzed including proximate composition, dietary fiber content, color, viscosity, pH and water activity. The optimum condition to produce cashew apple bagasse prototype was transferred to staffs of local company of Cashewy Phuket Cooperation Limited, Thailand through hands-on training for description and demonstration jam production. The assessment of before and after training was statistically significant at the 0.05 level of significance. The overall evaluation score of technology transfer has obtained the level of most satisfied with the mean score of 4.59.
HIGHLIGHTS
Residue cashew crude was developed as cashew crude jam
The addition of cashew juice was evaluated satisfaction based on sensory test
The developed cashew crude jam was investigated physicochemical properties
This product was applied to community for technology transfer
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Arifan, Fahmi, Mifta Nur Hidayah, Siti Susanti, Rita Dwi Ratnani, Palupi Diah Utami, and Alif Nur Fauzi Prasetyo. "Optimization of Oven Temperature on the Chemical Quality of Cookies Made from Cashew Nut Waste Flour." E3S Web of Conferences 503 (2024): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450305004.
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Cashew nuts are the seeds at the very end of the fruit of the cashew plant (Anacardium occidentale Linn). The cashew plant produces fruit consisting of two parts, namely pseudo-fruit and true fruit. Pseudo-fruit is a fruit stalk (penduculus) that is fleshy and contains elements of protein, sugar, fat, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins (A, B and C). The part of the fruit that produces cashews is a true fruit shaped like a kidney embedded at the end of a pseudo-fruit, green to brown, consisting of three layers, namely the hard skin layer (pericarp) consisting of epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp, epidermis layer (teste), and cashew seed layer (kernel). Cookies are a form of food that is easy to carry and is generally preferred by all circles of society. Cashew nut pulp has not been processed properly even though it can be used as a processed food ingredient that has many benefits. This research method uses factorial design 32 with data analysis using ANOVA. The novelty of this study is the use of cashew pulp flour with bleach modification as an ingredient in making cookies. This study aims to test the chemical quality of cookies from cashew nut pulp flour with oven temperature optimization. The chemical quality analyzed is in the form of protein content. It was found that the addition of cashew pulp flour had a significant effect on the protein content of cashew pulp cookies.
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Baer, David, and Janet Novotny. "Metabolizable Energy from Cashew Nuts is Less than that Predicted by Atwater Factors." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010033.
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Recent studies have demonstrated that the energy provided by several tree nuts is less than that predicted by the Atwater factors, though energy available from cashews has never been assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolizable energy in cashew nuts. Eighteen healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, crossover study with two treatment periods. Subjects were fed a fully controlled base diet for 4 weeks with either no additions or with the addition of 42 g/day (1.5 servings) of cashew nuts, with the final treatment diets being isocaloric. Complete diet collections were analyzed for nitrogen (for protein), fat, energy, and carbohydrate by difference. During the final week of each intervention phase, subjects collected all feces and urine produced, and these were also analyzed for nitrogen (feces and urine), energy (feces and urine), and fat (feces). The resulting data were used to calculate the metabolizable energy of cashews and the digestibility of macronutrients. The average available energy (calorie) content of a 28 g serving of cashew nuts was 137 kcal (±3.4 kcal SEM) and ranged from 105 to 151 kcal. The mean value of 137 kcal/serving is 16% lower (p < 0.0001) than what is typically found on food labels. Digestibility of energy, fat, protein, and carbohydrate was lower for the cashew-containing diet compared to the control diet (92.9% vs. 94.9%, p < 0.0001 for energy; 96.1% vs. 97.8%, p = 0.0009 for fat; 90.1% vs. 91.2%, p = 0.0012 for protein; 92.9% vs. 94.9%, p < 0.0001 for carbohydrate; for the cashew-containing diet vs. the control diet, respectively). In conclusion, cashews provide fewer calories than the values predicted by the Atwater factors, as found on current food labels.
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Baer, David J., and Janet A. Novotny. "Consumption of cashew nuts does not influence blood lipids or other markers of cardiovascular disease in humans: a randomized controlled trial." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 109, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy242.
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ABSTRACT Background The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a qualified health claim for tree nuts and reduction of cardiovascular disease. However, cashews are excluded from that claim due to their content of saturated fats, which is predominantly stearic acid. Because stearic acid is neutral with respect to blood lipids, several studies have been conducted to test the effect of cashew nuts on blood lipids, and these studies have produced conflicting results. Objectives The aim of this study was to conduct a highly controlled intervention to determine the effect of cashews fed at the amount specified in the health claim on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Methods A total of 42 adults participated in a controlled-feeding study conducted as a randomized crossover trial with 2 treatment phases. The volunteers were provided the same base diet in both treatment phases, with no additions during the control phase and with the addition of 1.5 servings (42 g) of cashews/d for the cashew nut phase. During the cashew nut phase, the amount of all foods was decreased proportionally to achieve isocaloric overall diets in the 2 phases. After 4 wk of intervention, assessments included blood lipids, blood pressure, central (aortic) pressure, augmentation index, blood glucose, endothelin, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), adhesion molecules, and clotting and inflammatory factors. Results There were no significant differences in blood lipids, blood pressure, augmentation index, blood glucose, endothelin, adhesion molecules, or clotting factors in this weight-stable cohort. PCSK9 was significantly decreased after cashew consumption, although there was no change in LDL cholesterol. Conclusions Consumption of 1.5 servings of cashew nuts/d, the amount associated with the FDA qualified health claim for tree nuts and cardiovascular disease, did not positively or adversely affect any of the primary risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02628171.
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Eleojo Grace, Adejo, Adejo Patrick Emmanuel, and Odimayo Kehinde Micah. "PERCEIVED EFFECT OF SEASONAL BUSH BURNING ON CASHEW PRODUCTION IN DEKINA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE." International Journal of Social Sciences & Economic Environment 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53882/ijssee.2023.0802002.
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Aim of the study: This study aims to evaluate the effects of periodic bush burning on cashew production in Dekina Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. Design/Methodology: A total sample size of 120 respondents for the study was chosen using a multi-step, random selection method. A structural questionnaire was used to compile the information. The data was evaluated utilizing the frequency count, percentage, and mean. Findings: The result showed that the most perceived effect of bush burning on cashew nut production was a reduction in the flowering of cashew trees (Mean=2.75), and destruction of the vegetative part thus reducing future yield (Mean=2.71). The study also revealed a 50% reduction in the expected average yield (tons) per hectare when affected by bush burning. Practical Implications: This research shows that bush burning is an incessant activity people engage in seasonally in the study area without recourse to its negative effect on cashew production. It affects the yield and overall productivity of cashew farming. Originality/value: The hallmark of this research is to bring to the fore the urgent need to re-enforce existing policies on bush burning to regulate or control incessant bush burning to reduce its effect on cashew production and the entire biodiversity. It also immeasurably contributes to the existing literature on the factors limiting the production of cashews with optimum yield and productivity. It exposes the fact that curbing bush burning and its resultant effects will improve cashew production and its commercial value. Keywords: Cashew production, Bush burning, Cashew farmers Paper Type: Research Paper
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Ouattara, N’Banan, Clékaman Maïmouna Koné, and Xueping Xiong. "Impact of COVID-19 on Cashew Price and Cashew Producers’ Income in Côte d’Ivoire: A Case Study in Five Departments." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 8 (July 15, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n8p117.
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In Côte d’Ivoire, cashew has become an important cash crop. Nevertheless, Côte d’Ivoire’s cashew relies on the international market, with more than 90% of the production exported as raw nuts. The 2020 commercialization campaign started a few days after the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, which spread worldwide. This work assesses the impact of this pandemic on the cashew price and cashew producers’ income in Côte d’Ivoire. We used the cashew price database over ten weeks in five cashew production areas and an interview-guided to collect the data. We used the Producer Price Index (PPI), descriptive statistic, and theoretical analysis of the income forecasting for data analysis. Results reveal that the lack of funds resulting from the fear of investors has caused a gradual drop in prices since February. This decrease has been more severe when restriction measures have been enforced. The purchase of cashews even stopped in some localities of the study areas. Compared to the first week of the campaign, the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced cashew producer income hugely to 50% in the sixth week and to 37.5% in the ninth and tenth weeks of our observation. Nonetheless, institutional factors such as the lack of control have also contributed to prices decrease. As recommendations, in the short-run, some resilience strategies such as subsidizing the local cashew market should be set up by the authorities. In the mid-term, the country should strengthen the cashew commercialization chain. In long-run, the local cashew transformation should be prioritized instead of raw nuts commercialization.
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Andriani, Siti, Betty Rofatin, and Riantin Hikmah Widi. "ANALISIS DAYA SAING JAMBU METE (Anacardium Occidentale L.) PADA ERA PERDAGANGAN BEBAS." Mimbar Agribisnis : Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ma.v9i2.10274.
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Cashew is one of the plantation commodities which is quite important as a contributor to the foreign exchange. Cashew is originally developed as a conservation plant to improve critical land. The paradigm shift in the end make it used as a source of farmers' income. Increased production makes cashew as one of the leading export commodities. This is because Indonesian cashews has the potential and are well received in the international market. The purpose of this research is to determine the competitiveness of Indonesian cashew in terms of either competitive advantage or comparative advantage which focused on two comparison countries they are India and Vietnam. The comparative advantage factor can be found using the analysis of RCA (Revealed Comparative Adventage), RCTA and ISP (Trade Specialization Index), where the theory describes whether Indonesian cashew has a comparative advantage and knowing whether Indonesia's cashew commodity tends to be an exporter or importer country, as well as measuring the position of the stages of development of Indonesian cashew. The competitive advantage factor can be found through the analysis of the Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), where the theory describes whether Indonesian cashew has a competitive advantage. The results of this research indicates that, Indonesia has a comparative advantage with an average RCA value of 2.44 and an RCTA of 20.54 and a declining competitive advantage with an average ECI value of 0.96. Indonesia is classified as an exporter country because the ISP value shows a positive (+) number with an average value of 0.88.
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Hidayah, Seventina Nurul, Adevia Maulidya Chikmah, and Umriaty Umriaty. "Cashew Yogurt sebagai Bahan Pangan Fungsional yang Menunjang Good Life Style pada Anak." Oksitosin : Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/oksitosin.v9i2.1129.
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Adequate toddler nutritional intake is a major contribution to nutritional status and health status. Yogurt is a nutrient-rich intake with more nutritional quality than milk because it is easily digested and has therapeutic. Cashews contain chemical compounds that are useful as antibacterial and antiseptic. From several research results there is a gradual increase in calcium, magnesium, sodium and manganese in cashew milk yogurt which can support Life Style. Descriptive research with a population of 25 children in Karanganyar village who are willing to eat samples of cashew yogurt given to them. The sampling technique was Total Sampling, Research Instruments and the instrument used in this study was a questionnaire to obtain organoleptics from cashew yogurt (taste, color, aroma, appearance, consistency), development and good life style. The Good Life Style studied in this study are Body Mass Index, children's sleep patterns, sports activities, consumption patterns of food/drinks containing 5P, use of gadgets,and health or growth checks of children. The results showed that respondents tended to have a normal body index,because during the pandemic, respondents were only at home.This research has several stages, namely making yogurt work starters, making cashew yogurt, ph test, and organoleptic test. In making yogurt stsrter we use purple cabbage for making cashew yogurt. The cashew yogurt application is used as a salad dressing (thick yogurt).The taste of cashew yogurt is delicious as much as 48%,while the taste of ordinary cow yogurt is 36% which can be used as functional food that supports a child's good life style.
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Livinskiy, A. A., I. A. Timofeeva, A. S. Krasavin, A. S. Pavlovskiy, A. V. Lapin, and E. D. Goryacheva. "Comparison of cashew nuts, pistachios, and hazelnuts according to nutritional, biological, and physiological values when justifying the development of new product types." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 12 (November 20, 2023): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2312-01.
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Empirical studies of the chemical composition of nuts and systematization of the obtained data on cashew nuts, hazelnuts, and pistachios were carried out in order to develop new types of products. It has been shown that the fat fractions of cashew nuts, hazelnuts, and pistachios are comparable to oilseeds used for the extraction of vegetable oil. Cashew kernels have an SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratio of 1:3:1, pistachio kernels — 1:4.3:2.5, and hazelnut kernels — 1:10:1.8. PUFAs are represented by ω-6 fatty acids; there are no ω-3 fatty acids and trans isomers. In terms of protein content, nut kernels (cashews — 18 g, hazelnuts — about 16g, pistachios — 20 g) are not inferior to complete protein sources. The comparison of amino acid scores with the amino acid composition of the reference protein (FAO) has shown that the pistachio nut mass corresponds to a complete protein in amino acid composition, while cashews and hazelnuts have one limiting amino acid — lysine. The carbohydrate part of nuts is represented by dietary fi ber, starch, and sugars. A distinctive feature of pistachio nuts is their higher carbohydrate content (27.5 g), as well as the presence of maltose. Hazelnuts, pistachios, and cashews are high in dietary fiber. Introducing nuts into the diet of healthy people has demonstrated that each nut promotes the development of diff erent phyla of the microbiome.
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Kakou, N., and Tatyana Bezrukova. "ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAW MATERIALS SECTOR: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 9, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2021-9-2-62-75.
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The study reflects the management aspects of innovation and investment development of the commodity sector on the example of the African Republic. The key problems of African countries are problems caused by dependence on world commodity prices. When examining the dynamics of the development of the commodity sector (production of cashew nuts) in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, the need to increase the country's resilience to the volatilization of world prices and global demand has been identified. The authors noted that to achieve this goal it is necessary to increase the competitiveness of cashew products on the world market and to steadily increase processing. The novelty of the study is to consider changing the vector of development of the cashew sector in order to intensify processing in the country and minimize dependence on world prices for raw cashews. The relevance of the research results on the creation of value added in the agro-industrial complex is based on its importance and the need to make innovative and investment decisions for conducting in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, as well as in Russia and other foreign countries. The authors analyzed the dynamics of the development of the cashew sector in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire and noted its stability since the 1990s and during 2000–20019, and conducted a comparative analysis to increase the share of the country's cashew products in world production. Innovation and investment trends in the development of the cashew sector in the African Republic are considered with the help of World Bank investments, public and private investments. For the development of processing enterprises, the government needs to effectively use innovative solutions and investment resources. Proposed measures to ensure the steady growth of cashew nuts processing. The work includes examples from the World Bank, the government, the National Cotton and Cashew Council (CCA), foreign companies in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire on innovative and investment development, industrialization of the cashew sector and the creation of new jobs in this sector to increase employment of the population.
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Blaikie, S. J., P. J. O'Farrell, E. K. Chacko, W. J. Müller, X. Wei, N. Steele Scott, and S. R. Sykes. "Assessment and selection of new hybrids from the Australian cashew breeding program." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 5 (2002): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01120.
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Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an emerging crop suited to tropical regions of Australia. To be viable on world markets, Australian cashews must be more productive and of higher quality than competing products. Since these characteristics are not exhibited consistently by existing varieties, an improvement program was initiated. This paper reports on the evaluation of 2 sets of hybrids produced in 1991 and 1992, which were planted on commercial cashew orchards in the Northern Territory and Queensland and were assessed in terms of yield and quality during 1998 and 1999.
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Gutiérrez-Paz, Carina, María-Constanza Rodríguez-Moreno, María-Soledad Hernández-Gómez, and Juan Pablo Fernández-Trujillo. "The Cashew Pseudofruit (Anacardium occidentale): Composition, Processing Effects on Bioactive Compounds and Potential Benefits for Human Health." Foods 13, no. 15 (July 26, 2024): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13152357.
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The fruit of the cashew, a tree belonging to the family Anacardiaceae, is composed of approximately 10% nut (cashew) and 90% stalk or pseudofruit, usually discarded in situ and fermented in the soil. This review identifies cashew pseudofruit’s physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds and their possible relationship to health benefits. Different processing techniques have been used to preserve the pseudofruit, and the effect of these techniques on its nutrients is also reviewed in this work. Cashew is a highly perishable product with moisture content above 80% w/w and 10% w/w sugars. It also has a high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins and high antioxidant properties that are best preserved by nonthermal processing techniques. The pseudofruit presents the high inhibitory activity of α-amylase and lipase enzymes, has anti-inflammatory and body weight reduction properties and healing activity, and controls glucose levels, insulinemia, and insulin resistance. For all these reasons, cashews have been promoted as a propitious food/ingredient for preventive and therapeutic management of different pathologies such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, fatty liver, and acne. Moreover, it has positive effects on the intestinal microflora, among others. This pseudofruit has a high potential for the development of functional foods.
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Brahima, Ouattara, Soro Sibirina, Koné N’golo Abdoulaye, Silué Nakpalo, and Koné Daouda. "Assessment of Agricultural Practices Impact on the Development of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 45, no. 9 (August 16, 2023): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i92192.
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In natural environments, the development of plants depends on the interactions they maintain with their environment, in particular with soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, especially since the used of inputs is scarce by the majority of farmers in Côte d’Ivoire. The present study was carried out to study the endomycorrhizogenic potential of the soils on which tomato, cashew and banana are grown. Place and Duration of Study: Soil sampling in bananas, cashews and tomatoes fields (July and August 2016), spore trapping in WASCAL (West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use) greenhouse in the city of Bingerville and spore extraction and identification in Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and Development of Biological Resources (September 2016 to March 2017). Material and Methods: Soil samples were taken away from the same depth, 10 to 20 cm, in cashew, tomato or banana fields. They were then used for trap pot culture by sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] and cowpea [Vigna ungugulata (L.) Walp.]. The wet sieving revealed spore density and morphological diversity. Results: Spores were more abundant in the soils sampled under cashew (22 spores / gram of soil) in comparison to banana (9 spores / gram of soil) and tomato (3 spores / gram of soil). There were a real diversity of glomeromycete in the different agrosystems. There is a great richness and diversity of AMF spore form under cashew (18 morphotypes) in Côte d'Ivoire compared to tomato (2 morphotypes) and banana (4 morphotypes). Conclusion: Land use system impact spore richness and diversity. Controlled mycorrhization of cashew, tomato and banana could be considered.
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CARR, M. K. V. "THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.): A REVIEW." Experimental Agriculture 50, no. 1 (June 17, 2013): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479713000392.
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SUMMARYThe centre of origin of cashew is believed to be Brazil, from where it has spread since the 16th century throughout the tropics. In recent years, Vietnam has surpassed India to become the world's largest producer of cashew nut. Most of the research on the water relations of cashew has been done in Brazil, where it is both a large-scale commercial and a smallholder crop, and in Australia, where cashew is a possible emerging new crop. There are two ‘types’ of cashew: ‘talls’ and ‘dwarfs’. Both are evergreen trees in which vegetative growth occurs in a series of flushes. Flowers form annually on the end of branches in the dry season, and flowering continues for two to four months. It then takes about two months from pollination for the nut to mature. Roots can extend to great depths (>5 m), while cashew's wide-spreading rooting habit is critical to its successful adaptation to semi-arid/dry conditions. The optimum temperature for CO2 assimilation is in the range 25–35 °C. Progressive closure of the stomata occurs at saturation deficits of the air >1.5 kPa. In the field, differences in rates of gas exchange between irrigated and unirrigated cashew trees only become apparent three or four months after the end of the rains, the stomata playing an important role in maintaining a favourable leaf water status in dry conditions. Sap flow measurements indicate transpiration rates of 20–28 L d−1 tree−1. Irrigation can be beneficial during the period from flowering to the start of harvest, but reliable estimates of water productivity have yet to be established. The best/only estimate is 0.26 kg (nut in shell) m−3 (irrigation water). There is a continuing need to develop a method to estimate the water requirements of cashew, to identify where and when irrigation of cashew is likely to be justified and to develop a practical irrigation schedule.
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Kumala Dewi, Putu Ratih, and Adi P. Suwecawangsa. "Implementasi Fair Trade dalam Perdagangan Komoditas Kacang Mete dari Bali Timur." Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 12, no. 1 (April 10, 2022): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2022.v12.i01.p15.
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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic fair trade is thought to be a trading plan that can aid economic recovery. Companies that conduct fair trade schemes, on the other hand, face hurdles as a result of the economic crisis brought on by the pandemic. The East Bali Cashews (EBC) company, which offers fair trade for cashew nuts as a major commodity in Ban village, Karangasem, is highlighted in this study. This study seeks to explain the role of corporation as non-state actor in international trade by adopting a pluralist approach and the concept of fair trade. The study compares the implementation of fair trade by EBC during the COVID-19 pandemic with before the pandemic using a comparative qualitative method with primary data obtained through in-depth interviews. This study is significant in examining the critical role of corporation as primary actor in fair trade schemes that directly affect cashew farmers as small producers. In order to advance the welfare of farmers and cashew as a promising commodity for Ban Village's development.
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Lakshmi, K., G. Mohana Rao, and M. C. Suryanarayana. "Cashew." Bee World 81, no. 1 (January 2000): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2000.11099465.
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Olufemi Aremu-Dele, Kehinde Ademola Adesanya, Bunmi Olaoluwa Olorundare, Oluwadamilola Ifedolapo Asunbo, and Elizabeth Feyisayo Odeyemi. "Intercrop practices in cashew production." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.3.0268.
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Cashew is an important economic tree crop cultivated for its wood, apple and most especially the nut. The large plant spacing involved in its cultivation encourages intercropping. Intercropping cashew during the early phase of establishment with arable and sometimes tree crops is usually practiced which serves as food security, cultural weed control and means of additional income to farmers. The aim of this study is to look into some experimented cashew intercrop and gaps in the intercrop patterns. Review of past literatures was used in discovering cashew intercrop patterns in Nigeria and some major cashew producing countries. Intercropping cashew with arable crops is more popular and profitable than with tree crop except in Sri-lanka where intercropping with coconut seems profitable than cashew sole cropping. Intercropping of cashew with arable crops, legumes and vegetables did not affect the growth of young cashew except millet, sorghum and pigeon-pea. Cashew/maize and cashew/cassava/yam had high returns respectively. Intercrop combinations with more than two crops affected the growth of cashew. Cashew/rice and cashew/plantain intercrop suppressed the growth of weeds with no negative effect on cashew growth. More concise and implementable research can be done where information on weed control, growth parameters, nutrient demands, yield and economic returns can be gotten from an experiment on the various cashew intercrop patterns as this will make the findings more adoptable by the farmers. Intercropping cashew with more than 2 crops should be discouraged.
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Galdino, Antonia, Laiza Brito Ribeiro, Carlos Moura, Francisca Frenna Verezza Rodrigues de Amorim, and Renato Innecco. "Physical analysis of peduncles of dwarf cashew clones for consumption, processed or natural." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas 13, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2019v13i2.9808.
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The physical characteristics of cashew-dwarf peduncles were evaluated to later indicate the best clones for natural consumption and/or processing, considering that consumers appreciate products for their visual attractiveness. The objective of this study was to analyze peduncles of dwarf cashew clones obtained from the Genetic Improvement Program of Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Cruz-CE experimental area, in order to make inferences about the physical characteristics and indicate the best clones for natural consumption and/or processing. The analyzed variables were: total mass of the cashew (MT), chestnut mass (MC), peduncle mass (MP), apical diameter (DA), basal diameter (DB), length and firmness. The experiment design was a randomized complete block design with 25 treatments (clones) with 3 replications and up to 12 cashews per plot (four plants in total). The analysis of variance and the comparison of the means by the Scott and Knott test was realized. When analyzing the MT values, it was found that 100% of the clones were classified as types 4 (approximately 150 g), 5 (approximately 100 g) and 6 (approximately 150 g) cashews/tray. As for MC, there was a variation from 8.18 to 15.08 g. General averages of 95.16, 50.07 and 41.38 mm were found for the variables length, DB and DA of peduncle, respectively. It is concluded that, in general, all clones presented good characteristics; however, clone 108-6 is the preference for most consumers since it has red staining, as did the control (CCP 76). Therefore, all clones presented desirable characteristics for natural consumption and/or processing.
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Fauziyah, Elys, Aniyatussholihah Aniyatussholihah, and Dwi Ratna Hidayati. "Strategy of Export Competitiveness Enhancement on Cashew Nut Commodity." JEJAK 10, no. 2 (September 10, 2017): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v10i2.11295.
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Plantation is one of sub sector in agriculture with strategic role and contribution in the Indonesian economic. One of those commodities is cashew nuts. This research aimed to analyze competitiveness of cashew nuts in the international market, to identify factors affecting cashew nuts competitiveness, and to formulate strategy in enhancing cashew nuts competitiveness. The research method used was RCA, ISP, ECI and SWOT. Research result showed that RCA value showed that Indonesian cashew nuts is comparative disadvantage, but Indonesia is as exporter by seeing ISP value, and market share of Indonesian cashew nuts based on ECI value. However Indonesia tends to be exporter country and have good market share. Strategy of export competitiveness on cashew nuts can be applied by extending trade cooperation by joining and taking active role in the world trade organization, increasing cashew nuts productivity and socialization of information about international market of cashew nuts about international market of cashew nuts, exporting procedures, cashew nuts export, import policies, and other rules related to transaction of cashew nuts export-import to all stakeholders.
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Borah, Swapnali, Ashok Kumar, Darshana Chetia, and Dipak Nath. "Manual Shelling of Preconditioned Cashew Nut Using Handtool and Its Impact on Occupational Health of Workers." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 7 (April 29, 2023): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i71860.
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India is the second-leading country in production of cashew nut. Cashew nut are roasted or steamed before shelling. The study was conducted in cashew nut processing industries situated in Selsella and Mankachar blocks of Meghalaya and Assam. The purpose of this study was to compare the cutting strength of cashew nut shells influenced by roasting and steaming. The impact of manual shelling of cashew nut on occupational health of workers was also assessed by using ergonomic tools. The moisture content, colour, and hardness of cashew nut shell were measured. The processing of cashew nut influenced the cutting strength of cashew nut significantly. Steamed cashew nut shell was stronger than the roasted cashew nut shell. Hence, manually shelling of steamed cashew nut shell required more force compared to with that of roasted cashew nut shell. Four cashew nut processing industries, two each from Selsella and Mankachar block of Meghalaya and Assam, respectively were selected purposively. A group of 10 female workers from each industry were selected randomly as sample for this study. Ergonomic parameters: working Heart Rate, energy expenditure, rated perceived exertion, hand grip measurements, RULA and REBA analysis were used to assess occupational health of workers. The results of the study showed that the workers of cashew nut industries were exposed to high occupational health and safety risk due to poor working environment, awkward working posture, repetitive and tedious job.
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Guterres, Lara, João Barnabé, André Barros, Alberto Bento Charrua, Maria Cristina Duarte, Maria M. Romeiras, and Filipa Monteiro. "East Timor as an important source of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) genetic diversity." PeerJ 11 (April 24, 2023): e14894. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14894.
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Background Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a crop currently grown in several tropical countries because of the economic importance of cashew nuts. Despite its enormous economic worth, limited research has been conducted on the molecular diversity of cashew genetic resources. In this study, a wide comprehensive assessment of the genetic diversity of cashew trees in East Timor was performed using microsatellites (SSRs) to evaluate intraspecific diversity and population structuring. Methods A total of 207 individual cashew trees, including trees from East Timor (11), and outgroup populations from Indonesia (one) and Mozambique (two), were analyzed with 16 cashew-specific SSRs. A comprehensive sampling of cashew trees within East Timor was performed, covering the distribution of cashew orchards in the country. Genetic diversity indices were calculated, and population structuring was determined using three different approaches: genetic distances (UPGMA and NJ), AMOVA, and individual-based clustering methods through Bayesian (STRUCTURE) and multivariate (DAPC) analyses. Results The population structuring analysis revealed that the genetic diversity of cashew populations in East Timor was higher in this study than previously reported for cashew trees. A higher allelic richness was found within cashew populations in East Timor compared with the outgroup populations (Mozambique and Indonesia), reinforced by the presence of private alleles. Moreover, our study showed that cashew populations in East Timor are grouped into two dissimilar genetic groups, which may suggest multiple cashew introductions over time. These new cashew genetic resources could be explored for future crop improvement. Conclusions Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience, and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Therefore, this study provides useful information regarding genetic diversity and population structure that can be harnessed to improve cashew production in East Timor. This data is also important to creating a country-specific genetic cashew signature to increase cashew market value.
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Mohod, Atul, Sudhir Jain, and Ashok Powar. "Cashew Nut Shell Waste: Availability in Small-Scale Cashew Processing Industries and Its Fuel Properties for Gasification." ISRN Renewable Energy 2011 (September 11, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/346191.
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The energy and mass flow of the steam cooking operation of three readily defined small-scale cashew processing industries was studied to estimate the availability of cashew nut shell. The proximate analysis of cashew shell waste was carried out using ASTMD 73–75 method. The calorific value of the cashew shell was carried out using bomb calorimeter (ASTME 711). The thermogravimetric analysis of the cashew shell was carried out using TG-FTIR with 10∘C/minute heating rate. The study revealed that, the small-scale cashew processing industries followed steam-cooking process with average energy consumption accounted to be 2969.7 MJ per 1000 kg of raw cashew seed. The cashew shell waste generated in small-scale cashew processing industries was found to be 67.5% of total weight of cashew seed, which can be utilized as fuel for thermal energy supply. The average higher calorific value of the cashew nut shell was found to be 4890 kcal/kg. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that 85% weight of cashew nut shell has been degraded at 500∘C and in 13 minutes. The availability and fuel analysis of the cashew shell as a fuel revealed its suitability as a supplementary fuel for thermal application through pyrolysis in the industry.
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Pelemo, J. J., U. Mohammed, M. Omaku, S. Opara, and V. C. Nnachukwu. "Analysis of the poverty status of cashew farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria." Agrosearch 19, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v19i2.2.
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The study examined the poverty status of cashew farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria. A sample size of 210 cashew farmers was selected using the Yamane formula. Structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Foster Greer Thobecke model. The findings revealed that 94.3% of the cashew farmers were of the male gender. The mean age of cashew farmers was 54.6 years. The mean years spent in formal education among cashew farmers was seven years while the mean farm size of cashew farmers was 6.1 hectares. The average income of cashew farmers over a period of 12 months was N134,517.14 while the poverty line was N 89,678.09. The FGT poverty measure showed that 24.8% of cashew farmers were living below poverty line. The poverty depth was 23.14% while poverty severity was 8.7%. The major constraints faced by cashew farmers were poor storage facilities and inadequate capital. It is recommended that government should provide storage and processing facilities in order to minimize the loss encountered by cashew farmers. Good and accessible feeder roads should be constructed for farmers and relevant extension sevices on cashew production should be provided to increase cashew output
Keywords: Poverty, Cashew, Farmers, Constraints
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Aliyaman, Aliyaman, and Didik Indradewa. "Growth and Yield Characters of Two Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Cultivars at Different Ages in Baubau City, South-East Sulawesi Province." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 4, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.40216.
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Baubau City is one of the cashew (Anarcadium occidentale L.) producer area in Southeast Sulawesi with area of 820 ha. This large area of cashew cultivation was not compensated with the productivity caused of low production. An effort to overcome this problem is identifying the growth and yield characters of cashew to apply the good agricultural practices for cashew plantation. The objective of this research was to determine the growth and yield of two cashew varieties at different tree ages; and to identify the relationship between the characters and the productivity of cashew trees in Baubau City. This research was arranged by oversite design with 2 varieties (the cashew with red pseudo-fruit and the cashew with yellow pseudo-fruit), 4 ages of cashew plant (5 years old, 17 years old, 26 years old, 37 years old) and 5 replications. The results showed that both varieties had no significantly different on growth and yield characters. At 37 years old, cashew trees still demonstrated the increasing of the productivity due to the increasing of growth and yield component i.e. plant biomass, the number of flower, the number of cashew nut per plant and cashew nut weight per kernel.
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Rege, Anushka, and Janice Ser Huay Lee. "State-led agricultural subsidies drive monoculture cultivar cashew expansion in northern Western Ghats, India." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): e0269092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269092.
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Agricultural commodity production constitutes an important livelihood source for farmers but significantly contributes to tropical deforestation and biodiversity loss. While the socioecological effects of agricultural commodities such as palm oil, cocoa and coffee are well studied, the effects for commodities such as cashew (Anacardium occidentale) have received less attention. Global cultivated area for cashew increased rapidly from 526,250 ha in 1980 to ~5.9 million ha in 2018. India is the world’s second largest cashew producer, with cashew farms often occurring adjacent to remnant forests. To mitigate deforestation for cashew expansion, it is necessary to understand present-day land use policies and management practices that drive this expansion. Through semi-structured interviews (n = 65) and a literature review on agricultural policies in India, we evaluated the role of state-led land use policies in cashew expansion and characterised present-day cashew farming systems in the Sawantwadi-Dodamarg landscape in India. Agricultural subsidies introduced from 1980s to 1990s encouraged cultivar cashew expansion and influenced land use conversion from rice and privately owned forest to cashew. Farmers preferred cultivar cashew as they produced higher yields faster, although they required more agrochemical inputs and were susceptible to pests and wildlife depredation. About 80% of farmers had planted cashew farms by clearing forests in the past 30 years and expressed interest to continue the same. Farmers avoided applying for government-sponsored compensation for crop losses due to wildlife depredation and chose instead to expand cultivar cashew into forested areas. Our study deepens the understanding of how government-led agricultural subsidies drive farmers’ uptake of cashew cultivars, farmers’ cashew management practices, and how these factors drive deforestation in this landscape at the state and farm level. We recommend further research with equitable stakeholder participation in cashew farming systems to devise sound planning for forest conservation and sustainability standards for the cashew industry.
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Hanh, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Thi Trang, Nguyen Thi Minh Anh, Nguyen Thi Huong, Nguyen Van Hung, Vu Thu Trang, Nguyen Viet Long, and Nurul Huda. "Effect of Pretreatment Methods on Juice Extraction Yield and Nutritional Composition of Cashew Apple (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Harvested from Binh Phuoc (Vietnam)." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 12, no. 1 (April 25, 2024): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.12.1.09.
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Nowadays, cashew trees are mainly cultivated to collect cashew nuts, leading to the large amounts of cashew apples (known as the by-product of the cashew industry) being eliminated due to astringent taste caused by tannin. This is the reason why although cashew apples contain many nutritious compounds as vitamin C, polyphenols, sugars, antioxidants are still underutilized in manufacturing beverages. Hence, aiming to evaluate the potential of cashew in terms of effect of pretreatment methods on extraction yield and nutritional values of extracted cashew apple juice, the organic cashew apples collected in Binh Phuoc, Vietnam were examined. The impact of 11 pretreatment methods including blanching cashew apple in different media and incubating in pectinase on extraction yield, tannin and other nutritional values were evaluated. Using enzyme Pectinex Ultra SP-L 0.01% in 2 hours gave extraction yield of 83.89±0.4% which was highest compared to other examined pretreatment methods in the study. Enzymatic pretreatment resulted in 36.5% reduction in tannin content and other nutritious values changed slightly. The obtained results emphasis the potential of cashew apples as a raw material for nutritional beverage production in hope of reducing the quantity of discarded cashew apples. Consequently, this study developed methods in order to add economic value to cashew apple and decrease the negative impacts of the cashew industry to the environment.
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J, Binu B., and Abdul Salim A. "PERFORMANCE OF AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CASHEW IN INDIA AND KERALA IN THE GLOBALISED SCENARIO." Journal of Global Economy 14, no. 4 (January 2, 2019): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v14i4.509.
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Cashew industry is a prominent agro based, export oriented and traditional industry which provides employment and income for the economic development of Kerala. There are lakhs of workers engaged in the cashew processing industry; about ninety four percent are women workers. The performance of cashew in the international scenario reveals the position with which the cashew holds among the agricultural commodities. India is the first country which commercialized cashew as a horticultural crop. India’s raw nut production is not sufficient to sustain the processing capacity established in the country. The low yielding cashew plants of senile and non-descript origin need to be replaced with cashew grafts of high yielding varieties along with adoption of improved production technologies. Higher productivity as well as production is the urgent need for all the major producers of cashew across the globe. The scrutiny of cashew productivity data in India over the last few years indicated stagnation and there was a wide gap existing between the actual and potential yields. It is essential that India should keep pace and meet the requirement of raw cashew nuts for cashew processing industries and achieve self sufficiency. The present paper examines the performance of cashew sector in terms of area, production and productivity in India and Kerala.
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Anayochukwu Victor, EZE, Macharia Ibrahim, and Ngare Lucy. "Factors influencing value addition to cashew products processed in the South-East Zone, Nigeria: A multinomial logistic regression approach." International Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 059–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-815x.000146.
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Nigeria is a leading cashew producer, but this has not been reflected in the development of the downstream cashew value chain industry. The launch of the “Agriculture Promotion Policy (2016 – 2020)” document was designed to encourage value addition to export crops such as cashew as ways of creating jobs and wealth to value chain actors. However, it is still unclear why cashew processors are unable to exploit this opportunity to improve value addition to cashew. This makes it imperative that factors influencing value addition to cashew products in the South-East zone, Nigeria be analyzed. A cross-sectional survey design involving a structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 353 randomly selected respondents from the South-East zone, Nigeria. The study found that income, access to market, product characteristics, and cost of cashew processing technology significantly influence value addition to cashew products in the two models, whereas government policy on cashew processing and market facilities were significant in the second model. The relative risk ratios for age, educational level, income, processing experience, access to market, distance to market, government policy on cashew processing and market facilities were > 1, suggesting the likelihood of processor’s preferring to add value to cashew kernel, and both cashew products as against cashew nut for any unit increase in these variables. This study provided vital insights about how the relative significance of these factors will aid policy analysts and decision-makers to determine which of the factors to focus on while developing specific policies for the cashew value chain industry.
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O., Aremu-Dele, Adesanya K.A., Nduka A.B., Bakare A.A., and Rahman S.B. "Perception of Job-Seeking Graduates in Oyo State Nigeria to Cashew Production." African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 4, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafs-an6doqfl.
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Cashew is an important and commercially grown cash crop in Oyo state and Nigeria generally for its apple and most importantly the nuts. Cashew cultivation in recent years has experienced a yield decline due to few cashew farmers involved and moribund cashew trees. This paper aims to understand the perception of job-seeking graduates in Oyo state to cashew production and proffer recommendations that will help in promoting their participation. Some selected areas were considered in Oyo state and data were collected using a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent, awareness on cashew tree and its importance, opinion of respondents to cashew farming, perception of respondents to money-making opportunities in cashew production and categorization of the respondents based on their level of perception. 270 respondents were considered in the survey. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package. Results showed that 45.5% of the unemployed graduates were between the ages of 30-34 years. The study also showed that 90.7% know the economic importance of cashew while 89.3% know cashew farming as profitable. Farming ventures interest 73.3% of the unemployed graduates while 66.7% would want to venture into cashew farming. 52.2% of the job-seeking graduates had a favourable level of perception about cashew production. The perception of the job-seeking graduates is satisfactory as the favourability of their level of perception to cashew production is a little above average. Feasible loans or grants should be made available and easily accessible to job-seeking graduates to promote their involvement in cashew farming.
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Eze, Anayochukwu Victor, Ibrahim Macharia, and Lucy Ngare. "Factors Influencing Value Addition to Cashew Products Processed in the South-East Zone, Nigeria: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Approach." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 5, 2022): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.1.448.
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Nigeria is a leading cashew producer, but this has not been reflected in the development of the downstream cashew value chain industry. The launch of the “Agriculture Promotion Policy (2016 – 2020)” document was designed to encourage value addition to export crops such as cashew as ways of creating jobs and wealth to value chain actors. However, it is still unclear why cashew processors are unable to exploit this opportunity to improve value addition to cashew. This makes it imperative that factors influencing value addition to cashew products in the South-East zone, Nigeria be analysed. A cross-sectional survey design involving a structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 353 randomly selected respondents from the South-East zone, Nigeria. The findings from the multinomial logistic regression showed that income, access to market, product characteristics, and cost of cashew processing technology significantly influence value addition to cashew products in two models, whereas government policy on cashew processing and market facilities were significant in the second model. The relative risk ratios for age, educational level, income, processing experience, access to market, distance to market, government policy on cashew processing and market facilities were > 1, suggesting the likelihood of processor's preferring to add value to cashew kernel, and both cashew products as against cashew nut for any unit increase in these variables. This study provided vital insights about how the relative significance of these factors will aid policy analysts and decision-makers to determine which of the factors to focus on while developing specific policies for the cashew value chain industry.
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Lengari, Cristiany Gunu, Stevanie Aurelia Lifindra, Martinus Edy Sianto, and Suratno Lourentius. "Optimasi Ekstraksi Minyak Kulit Biji Mete Dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE)." Widya Teknik 5, no. 2 (November 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33508/wt.v21i2.4205.
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In the processing of cashew nuts (Anacardium Occidentale L.) cashew seeds will be produced and the by-product is cashew nut shell. Cashew nut shells contain oil or cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). Cashew nut shell oil is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an anti-cancer agent and also in the industrial sector as a raw material for car brake oil. The purpose of this study was to study the optimum conditions for extracting cashew nut shell oil using microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Optimization is determined by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method to see the relationship between the influential variables, namely temperature (50, 63, 75oC) and time (2, 6, 10 minutes). Anarchic acid contained in cashew seed oil at optimum conditions was analyzed using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC – MS). From the optimization of the yield of cashew seed shell oil extraction, it was found that the optimum conditions were at extraction time of 31.7 minutes and temperature of 68.50C with cashew seed oil yield of 41.27%. Analysis of cashew seed oil at optimum yield using GC-MS found that the anarchic acid content was 30.11%.
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Elpy siti Nurhalimah, Supriyadi Supriyadi, Rani Siti Fitriani, and Raden Willa Permatasari. "ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR OF FOREIGN MARKET BUSINESS FOR COMMODITY OF CASHEWS at PT GDK JAWABARAT." Proceeding of The International Conference on Economics and Business 1, no. 2 (October 18, 2022): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/iceb.v1i2.117.
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The purpose of this research is to examine 1. What factors attract foreign buyers to import cashew nuts from Indonesia?.2. What are the obstacles faced by foreign buyers in the process of importing cashew nuts from Indonesia?.3. What are the stages of the process carried out by buyers to import cashews from Indonesia?.4. What is the solution to these obstacles? This research was made using a qualitative descriptive analysis type of research regarding the marketing process of the cashew nut export sales business. (2) Currency differences. (3) Obstacles in the Form of Regulations. (4) International trade barriers are seen from economic institutions, namely: The influence of economic organizations, Anti-dumping regulations that increase import duty rates, Embargoes related to the prohibition of trade between countries. What is the solution to these obstacles? (1). Solution for difficult payments, by L/C. (2) The solution when the currency, using the USA currency or by agreement, is exchanged to the value of the destination country. (3) The solution to obstacles in the form of regulation, is to instinctively follow market trends. (4) Solutions to barriers to economic institutions, exporters take advantage of facilities from countries that are members of economic organizations, export at competitive prices, and resolve trade embargo issues between countries.
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EGLEZOS, SOFRONI, BIXING HUANG, and ED STUTTARD. "A Survey of the Bacteriological Quality of Preroasted Peanut, Almond, Cashew, Hazelnut, and Brazil Nut Kernels Received into Three Australian Nut-Processing Facilities over a Period of 3 Years." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.402.
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There is little information about bacteriological quality of preroasted kernels available in the public domain. An investigation of the bacteriological quality of preroasted peanut, almond, cashew, hazelnut, and Brazil nut kernels received into three Australian nut-processing facilities was performed over a period of 3 years. A total of 836 samples were analyzed for aerobic plate count, and 921 samples for Salmonella and Escherichia coli. The 921 samples included 653 peanut, 100 cashew, 60 almond, 60 Brazil nut, and 48 hazelnut kernels. There was no E. coli detected in any sample. Salmonella subsp. II (Fremantle) was detected in one raw almond sample. The aerobic plate count percentages of positive samples with counts above the detection level of the plating method used (100 CFU/g) for peanuts, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, and Brazil nuts were 84, 78, 74, 50, and 45%, respectively. Of the samples containing more than this detection limit, the means were 4.5, 4.4, 3.1, 2.5, and 3.8 log CFU/g respectively. Although roasted kernel quality was not within the scope of this survey, raw microbial bioload would be expected to reduce on roasting. The bacteriological quality of preroasted peanut, almond, cashew, hazelnut, and Brazil nut kernels received into nut-processing facilities in Australia does not appear to suggest a public health concern.
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Febriani, Febriani, Sarinah Sarinah, and Muhammad Syukri. "Analysis Of Processed Cash Product Development Using Quality Function Deploment (QFD) Method In UD. Mete Mubaraq Lombe Kendari City." Tekper : Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Industri Pertanian 2, no. 3 (December 25, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/tekper.v2i3.23348.
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This study aims to determine the process of developing cashew products using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method at UD. Cashew Mubaraq Lombe Kendari City. Determination of the research location purposively. Data was collected using observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Theanalytical method used is Quality Function Deployment (QFD). The results showed the development of cashew products at UD. Mubaraq Lombe cashew using the QFD method, it was found that the priorities to be developed in accordance with the wishes and needs of consumers in a row include: (1) the selling price ofcashew products is affordable (8.430%), (2) sales discounts on certain days (7.686%) , (3) discounted cashew product purchases (7.270%), (4) cashew product sales online (6.822%), (5) easy to get cashew products (6.623%), (6) does not contain preservatives (6.567%) , (7) good product quality (6,435%), (8) product taste (6,410%), (9) information on nutritional value on cashew product packaging (6,384%), (10) price match with product quality (8,430%) , (11) there is a certificate of permission from the Ministry of Health (department of health) for cashew products (6.255%), (12) there are halal certificates and labels for cashew products (6.230%), (13) information on expiration (expiration date) (6.229%), (14 ) various types of cashew products (6,227%), and (15) attractive product packaging designs (6,152%).
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Funke, Salami, Julius Bello, Osasona Kikelomo, and Ibrahim Olajumoke. "Analysis of Risks and constraints faced by cashew farmers in Ogbomosho, Oyo state, Nigeria." Western Balkan Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development 6, no. 1 (2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/wbjae2401001s.
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Research has focused on cashew production, profitability, and marketing. However, the risks and constraints faced by cashew farmers have yet to receive sufficient attention. Hence, this study was conducted to examine the risks and constraints faced by cashew farmers and the management techniques adopted to curtail these challenges in Ogbomosho, Oyo state, Nigeria. The data for this study was gathered from 120 cashew farmers who were randomly selected via a two-stage sampling procedure. The study used descriptive statistics to examine the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and to profile the risks and constraints management strategies adopted by the cashew farmers. Index ranking was used to analyze the various risks and challenges faced by cashew farmers. As major risks faced by cashew farmers were price fluctuation, theft, and adverse weather conditions, while the most pressing constraints were poor access to extension services and inadequate access to storage facilities. Enterprise diversification, off-farm income, insurance, and contractual farming arrangements were the major risk management strategies adopted by the cashew farmers. Policies that would aid the stabilization of cashew prices should be put in place. More so, extension services should be made available to cashew farmers alongside the provision of stress-tolerant cashew cultivars.
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Hinnou, Cossi Léonard, Oluwatogni Akpado Alfred Ayédoun, Sabine Tede, and Abréwa Rêmilokoun Esdras Obossou. "Socio-economic determinants of adoption of good cashew production practices in Benin Republic." Journal of Agricultural Extension 26, no. 4 (October 27, 2022): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v26i4.3.
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This study analysed factors that drive producers’ decision to adopt good production practices in cashew production. Data were collected from 395 randomly selected producers from 23 top favourable municipalities (based on criteria such as climate, soil, and disease management) for cashew production in Benin. A multivariate probit regression model was used to estimate the determinants of the adoption of good practices. Findings showed that 70.38% of the cashew producers use firebreaks, 58.23% carried out thinning and 18.48% employed good pest and disease management practices. Overall, the adoption of good agricultural practices in cashew production was negatively influenced by the farm-to-market distance, the sex of the cashew producer and positively correlated with the cashew land size owned; the income from cashew production, membership of a cooperative group, contact with a research agency, participation in agricultural training and perception of good cashew production practices. The pace of adoption of pest and disease management practices is still low yet pests and diseases are one of the major constraints to cashew production. Policies and programs that support cashew production to focus on strengthening the capacities of producers through adequate extension services delivery, and by considering their access to productive resources.
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Olalusi, Ayoola Patrick, and Owalukemi Erinle. "Influence of drying temperature and pretreatment on the drying characteristics and quality of dried cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apple slices." Croatian journal of food science and technology 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2019.11.1.14.
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This study evaluated the mineral content, browning extent, proximate content, the sensory analysis in the yellow variety of cashew apple slices, for both fresh and after being subjected to pretreatment, at three different drying temperatures. Fresh cashews were harvested, sliced into 7 mm thickness, pretreated by dipping the slices into ascorbic acid and dried at the temperature of 45 °C, 55 °C and 65 °C using the hot air convective dryer at a constant air velocity of 0.8 m/s. During the drying the weight loss was measured initially at an interval of every 30 minutes for the first five hours and later at an hour hour interval. The analysis of minerals content (magnesium and calcium) and proximate analysis which included pH, color, vitamin C content, and tannin content was carried out. In addition, sensory evaluation for taste, texture, aroma, appearance and overall acceptability was carried out according to the 9-point hedonic scale using raw cashew apple as a control. For each of the plots for the drying curves from the mechanical drying test, they are mostly in the failing rate period. The results showed that the moisture loss from the cashew slices increased with increase in drying temperature and time of drying. It was observed that drying temperature has an influence on the proximate content, browning extent and mineral content of the cashew slices. An increase in temperature leads to high losses of vitamin C, less browning effect and high losses of tannin. The result of the sensory evaluation revealed that the pretreated sample dried at a temperature of 55 °C was the most acceptable.
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Babamaaji, Rakiya A., Halilu A. Shaba, Jega M. Idris, Momoh J. Yusuf, Shagari S. Musa, Aminu Munsir, Jagila Jantiku, et al. "Mapping and Assessment of Cashew Plantation in Nassarawa State, Nigeria Using Geo Spatial Technology." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 23, 2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.662.
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The world demand for cashew and its by-products leads to increase expansion of the cultivation across West-African countries especially in Nigeria. It has generated wealth for many smallholders and contributed to cashew economy success. This study aimed at mapping existing cashew plantations for better management of rural farmland and assessing the soil suitability to future cashew expansion in the study area. GIS and multi-criteria analysis were used to analyze the natural vegetation and soil suitability for future cashew expansion in Nasarawa state. Data collection was done through structured questionnaire administered to cashew farmers in the study area, GPS coordinates and soil samples were collected for suitability test. Results showed that despite a very suitable soil for plantation cashew, its expansion is slow with implication in conservation and carbon emissions. This implies that there is need for a sustainable management of cashew agriculture practices to ensure optimum production for farmers and stakeholders in cashew value chain should address relevant factors affecting low yield via a holistic government intervention program.
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Maharani, Navita. "Analisis Keuntungan Produk Olahan Kacang Mete Skala Rumah Tangga." JURNAL ILMIAH AGRINECA 23, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36728/afp.v23i1.2365.
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Cashew nuts are one of the agricultural commodities that is primarily consumed as a producer of raw materials for industry (Basuki, 2005). Cashew nut (Anancardium occidentalle L) is a long-lived crop with high economic value. Karangnongko Hamlet is a cashew production center in Sumberagung Plosloklaten Kediri Village. The cashew processing business ready for consumption is currently not widely developed in Sumberagung Village. Farmers only sell cashew logs (untreated and separated from the shell). Cashew can be processed on a small-scale basis at home to increase the product's value and selling price. The purpose of this study is to identify the benefits of processed cashew products on a household level. The methods used include cost analysis, Break Even Point, and R/C Ratio analysis. The results showed that household-scale cashew processed products are profitable and feasible to run with an R/C Ratio value 1.44. Product marketing is also carried out through online media and e-commerce. This effort was made to increase the added value and selling price of cashew products as well as the income of the local community.