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1
KIM, EUN KYUNG. "PATTERN ANALYSIS ON THE WORKS OF BONNIE CASHIN FROM THE 1960S TO THE 1970S." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1021996954.
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Bute, Martha Jane. "Bonnie Cashin connecting the designer to the designed garment through a material culture analysis of five examples of her work, 1962-1975 /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Weng, Yi-Lan. "The Cytoplasmic Adaptor Protein Caskin Participates in LAR-Mediated Motor Axon Guidance." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1301673851.
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Post, Antonie E. [Verfasser]. "Fractionation of bovine casein and enrichment of functional casein peptides / Antonie E. Post." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023435446/34.
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Post, Antonie [Verfasser]. "Fractionation of bovine casein and enrichment of functional casein peptides / Antonie E. Post." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023435446/34.
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Shammet, Khalid M. "Proteolytic Activity of Some Milk-Clotting Enzymes on K-casein and K-casein Macropeptide." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5371.
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This work reviews studies of bovine K-casein and specifically K-casein macropeptide. Properties of K-casein, its structure and heterogeneity, proteolytic activity of some milk clotting enzymes on K-casein, and K-casein sensitive bonds are discussed. Macropeptides of other species are also presented. The carbohydrate moieties of bovine macropeptide together with their biological and physiological functions are reviewed.
Macropeptides were produced by enzymic hydrolysis from whole casein solution using crystalline chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4). Trichloroacetic acid (final concentrations 2, 8 and 12%) was added after 5, 30 and 60 min of incubation to precipitate protein and inactivate the enzyme. The filtrate was then exhaustively dialyzed against distilled water to remove trichloroacetic acid and small molecules. The dialyzate was lyophilized and stored at -20deg;c until required for analysis. These macropeptides were then compared using RP-HPLC with macropeptides obtained from purified K-casein isolates by the same method (15 min incubation).
Proteolytic activity of some milk-clotting enzymes (chymosin, Mucor miehei rennet and Endothia parasitica rennet) and some proteinases (trypsin and chymotrypsin) on K-casein and macropeptide isolated from K-casein was followed by RP-HPLC. The milk-clotting enzymes were standardized to the same clotting activity using a Formagraph.
Each enzyme was incubated with .5 mix-casein and macropeptide solutions (10 mg in 1 ml .05 MpH 6.6 phosphate buffer) at 37°C for various incubation times. Reactions were stopped by addition .5 ml of 8 Murea containing 10-5 Mpepstatin or .025 ml pepstatin (1 mg pepstatin in 1 ml methanol). These reaction mixtures were separated into fractions using RP-HPLC and chromatograms of the different enzymes compared.
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Zhou, Shuting. "Casein-phenolic interactions in food." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103772.
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Protein-phenolic interactions are common in foods with reported effects on nutritional and functional properties of foods. The objectives of this research were to investigate the casein-phenolic acid interactions in a model system and in chocolate as a processed food product. Casein-phenolic acid interactions were induced by heat incubation of casein with protocatechuic acid or p-coumaric acid at 55 ℃ (pH 7, 2 h); caseins were isolated from milk chocolate and white chocolate by precipitating caseins at its isoelectric point (pH 4.6). Casein-phenolic complexes were identified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native- and SDS-PAGE) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Degree of hydrolysis of casein-phenolic complexes was investigated using tryptic hydrolysis; sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were used to identify the hydrolysates of casein-phenolic complexes. Total phenolic contents of original and defatted milk chocolate and casein isolated from milk chocolate (1.905, 1.644 and 1.018 mg/g respectively) were higher than those of original and defatted white chocolate and casein isolated from white chocolate (1.678, 0.723 and 0.000 mg/g respectively) respectively. Native- and SDS-PAGE results revealed that casein-phenolic interactions were induced by heat incubation and occurred during the processing of milk chocolate; minor changes in the migration of casein fractions and aggregation of casein subunits were observed after heat incubation of casein with protocatechuic acid and in casein isolated from milk chocolate; there is no observed change with Native- and SDS-PAGE electropherograms after casein incubated with p-coumaric acid and in casein isolated from white chocolate. In vitro hydrolysis of casein control (C), casein-protocatechuic acid complex (CPA), casein-p-coumaric acid complex (CCA), casein isolated from milk chocolate (CMC) and casein isolated from white chocolate (CWC) by trypsin showed degree of hydrolysis of 19.3 %, 18.6 %, 17.7 %, 10.4 % and 17.8 % respectively; SDS-PAGE revealed that the three major casein fractions α-, β- and κ-caseins in casein control, casein-protocatechuic acid complex, casein-p-coumaric acid complex and casein isolated from milk chocolate and white chocolate were hydrolyzed. Both protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid affected the peptide profiles of casein hydrolysates; the peptide profile of casein isolated from milk chocolate was affected by phenolic compounds.<br>Les interactions protéine-phénols sont courantes dans les aliments. Les études rapportent que ces interactions affectent les propriétés nutritionnelles et fonctionnelles des aliments. Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient d'étudier les interactions caséine-acides phénols dans un système modèle et dans un produit transformé à base de chocolat. Les interactions caséine-acides phénols ont été induites par la chaleur suite à une incubation de la caséine avec de l'acide protocatéchique ou de l'acide p-coumarique à 55 ℃ (pH 7, 2 h); les caséines ont été isolés du chocolat au lait et chocolat blanc en précipitant les caséines à son point isoélectrique (pH 4,6). Les complexes à base de caséine-phénolique ont été identifiés par électrophorèse en gel de polyacrylamide (non dénaturante et SDS-PAGE) et par la chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance en phase inversée (CLHP-PI). Le degré d'hydrolyse des complexes caséine-phénoliques a été étudié par hydrolyse tryptique; l'électrophorèse en gel de polyacrylamide contenant du laurylsulfate de sodium (SDS-PAGE) et la chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance en phase inversée (CLHP-PI) ont servi à identifier les hydrolysats des complexes à base de caséine-phénolique. Le contenu en phénols totaux du chocolat au lait d'origine et sans gras et de la caséine isolée de chocolat au lait (1,905, 1,644 et 1,018 mg / g respectivement) était plus élevé que celui du chocolat blanc original et sans gras et de la caséine isolée de chocolat blanc (1.678, 0.723 et 0,000 mg / g respectivement), respectivement. Les résultats de la chromatographie non dénaturante et SDS-PAGE ont révélé que les interactions caséine-phénols ont été induites par une incubation à la chaleur et sont survenues pendant le procédé du chocolat au lait; des changements mineurs dans la migration des fractions de caséine et de l'agrégation de sous-unités de caséine ont été observés après une incubation à la chaleur de la caséine avec de l'acide protocatéchique et dans la caséine isolée de chocolat au lait; il n'y a pas de changement observé avec les électrophérogrammes non dénaturante et SDS-PAGE après que la caséine ait été incubée avec de l'acide p-coumarique ni avec la caséine isolée à partir de chocolat blanc. L'hydrolyse in vitro de la caséine de contrôle (C), du complexe caséine-acide protocatéchique (CPA), du complexe caséine-acide p-coumarique (CCA), de la caséine isolée du chocolat au lait (CMC) et de la caséine isolée du chocolat blanc (CWC) par la trypsine ont montré un degré d'hydrolyse de 19,3%, 18,6%, 17,7%, 10,4% et 17,8% respectivement; SDS-PAGE a révélé que les trois principales fractions de caséine α-, β- et κ-caséine dans la caséine contrôle, le complexe caséine-acide protocatéchique, le complexe caséine-acide p-coumarique et la caséine isolée du chocolat au lait et du chocolat blanc ont été hydrolysées. L'acide protocatéchique et l'acide p-coumarique ont affecté le profil en peptides de la caséine; le profil en peptides de la caséine isolée de chocolat au lait a été affecté par les composés phénoliques.
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Oommen, Bonney S. "Casein Supramolecules: Structure and Coagulation Properties." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5518.
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The changes in quaternary structure of casein supramolecules with various physical and chemical treatments were studied using transmission electron microscopy, and a model to account for the changes is put forth. The effects of casein structure on coagulation properties were also studied. The sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy involved physical methods of fixation and flash freeing to preserve the structure of caseins in the sample.
The structure of caseins in sodium and calcium caseinate varied with sodium caseinate not exhibiting any spherical structure as opposed to the spherical structure seen in calcium caseinate, non-fat dried milk and native milk. This difference in structure was carried over to rennet coagulum made from those sources of casein. Addition of calcium and phosphate to sodium and calcium caseinate, respectively, improved their coagulation properties. Hydration parameters such as time and shear of hydration affected the extent of hydration. High shear (733 s-1) or approximately 10 hr of hydration was required to disperse and hydrate the dried milk protein powders.
Acidification and treatment with excess EDT A resulted in dissociation of casein supramolecules into various sizes and shapes. Heat treatment of milk in the presence of ethanol also resulted in its dissociation. High heat treatment of milk at various pH levels induced different types of whey protein casein interactions.
All these changes can be explained using an irregular supramolecular structure of caseins based on a node and strand network of proteins and calcium phosphate nanoclusters. Such a filigreed sponge-like appearance is seen in native bovine milk and in milk of other species.
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Naressi, Bruna Cristina Machado. "Análise comparativa de genes das caseínas de búfalo /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123663.
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Orientador: Maria Elisabete Jorge Amaral<br>Coorientador: Nedenia Bonvinos Stafuzza<br>Banca: Rodrigo Pelicioni Savegnago<br>Banca: Paola Jocelan Scarin Provazzi<br>Resumo: Dentre as proteínas do leite, as caseínas (alfa-s1, alfa-s2, beta- e kapa-caseína) assumem papel de destaque devido ao alto valor nutritivo e às características físico-químicas que favorecem a fabricação de derivados do leite. Essas proteínas são codificadas pelos genes CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 e CSN3. A fim de realizar análise comparativa dos genes das caseínas de búfalo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação, caracterização e sequenciamento de clones da biblioteca genômica de búfalo, visando analisar a estrutura molecular de genes das caseínas. Dentre os 33.792 clones avaliados, foram identificados dois clones positivos para genes das caseínas, um para o gene CSN1S1 (clone A/2) e outro para o gene CSN3 (clone L/8). Na sequência de DNA obtida a partir do clone A/2, foram identificados os genes CSN1S1 inteiro e CSN2 parcial, enquanto que nas sequências de DNA do clone L/8 identificou-se o gene CSN3 partial. O gene CSN1S1 apresentou 17.008 bp organizados em 19 éxons com tamanhos variando de 24 bp a 380 bp e 18 íntrons com tamanhos de 90 bp a 1.710 bp. As análises comparativas revelaram que os éxons e íntrons desse gene apresentaram conservação acima de 85% entre búfalo e boi. As porções do gene CSN2 identificadas incluíram o éxon 9 e parte do íntron 8, os quais mostraram conservação acima de 98% com as sequências correspondentes em boi. Já as sequências parciais do gene CSN3 abrangeram parte dos íntrons 2 e 3 e o íntron 4 completo, além dos éxons 3, 4 e 5. Estas sequências apresentaram conservação acima de 94% com as correspondentes em boi. As análises de identificação de sequências repetitivas mostraram que 43,83% e 44,98% das sequências de DNA do clone A/2 e L/8, respectivamente, são representadas por elementos retrotransposons. Nas análises comparativas, tanto o gene CSN1S1 quanto o gene CSN3 parcial apresentaram sequências repetitivas búfalo específicas. A sequência...<br>Abstract: Among milk proteins, the caseins (alpha-s1, alpha-s2, beta- and kappa-casein) play a crucial role considering their high nutritional value and physicochemical characteristics which contribute to the manufacture of dairy products. These proteins are encoded by the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 genes, respectively. In order to analyze the buffalo casein genes and compare the sequences with other species, the goal of the present study was to identify, characterize and sequence clones from a buffalo genomic library. A total of 33,792 clones were evaluated, and two clones were identified as positive, one for the CSN1S1 gene (clone A/2) and other for the CSN3 gene (clone L/8). The DNA sequence from clone A/2 identified the whole CSN1S1 and a partial sequence from the CSN2 genes. The DNA sequence from clone L/8 revealed a partial sequence from the CSN3 gene. The CSN1S1 gene presented a total of 17,008 bp organized in 19 exons ranging from 24 bp to 380 bp and 18 introns ranging from 90 bp to 1,710 bp. Comparative analysis showed sequence conservation higher than 85% on exons and introns of the CSN1S1 gene when compared with the cattle gene sequence. The partial sequence from the CSN2 gene included exon 9 and part of intron 8, with conservation higher than 98% when compared with the cattle sequence. The partial sequences of the CSN3 gene included parts of the introns 2 and 3, the whole sequence of intron 4 and exons 3, 4 and 5. These sequences showed conservation higher than 94% with cattle. The identification of repetitive sequences showed that 43.83% of DNA sequence from clone A/2 and 44,98% from clone L/8 were represented by retrotransposable elements. Further comparative analysis showed buffalo specific repetitive sequences in the CSN1S1 gene and the partial CSN3 gene with when compared with other bovids species. The coding sequence of the buffalo CSN1S1 gene showed 98%, 93%, and 90% of identity with the correspondent sequences in cattle ...<br>Mestre
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Naressi, Bruna Cristina Machado [UNESP]. "Análise comparativa de genes das caseínas de búfalo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123663.
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000834199.pdf: 1278335 bytes, checksum: 9ed66d4ca576eca0681d0113a356d68a (MD5)<br>Dentre as proteínas do leite, as caseínas (alfa-s1, alfa-s2, beta- e kapa-caseína) assumem papel de destaque devido ao alto valor nutritivo e às características físico-químicas que favorecem a fabricação de derivados do leite. Essas proteínas são codificadas pelos genes CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 e CSN3. A fim de realizar análise comparativa dos genes das caseínas de búfalo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação, caracterização e sequenciamento de clones da biblioteca genômica de búfalo, visando analisar a estrutura molecular de genes das caseínas. Dentre os 33.792 clones avaliados, foram identificados dois clones positivos para genes das caseínas, um para o gene CSN1S1 (clone A/2) e outro para o gene CSN3 (clone L/8). Na sequência de DNA obtida a partir do clone A/2, foram identificados os genes CSN1S1 inteiro e CSN2 parcial, enquanto que nas sequências de DNA do clone L/8 identificou-se o gene CSN3 partial. O gene CSN1S1 apresentou 17.008 bp organizados em 19 éxons com tamanhos variando de 24 bp a 380 bp e 18 íntrons com tamanhos de 90 bp a 1.710 bp. As análises comparativas revelaram que os éxons e íntrons desse gene apresentaram conservação acima de 85% entre búfalo e boi. As porções do gene CSN2 identificadas incluíram o éxon 9 e parte do íntron 8, os quais mostraram conservação acima de 98% com as sequências correspondentes em boi. Já as sequências parciais do gene CSN3 abrangeram parte dos íntrons 2 e 3 e o íntron 4 completo, além dos éxons 3, 4 e 5. Estas sequências apresentaram conservação acima de 94% com as correspondentes em boi. As análises de identificação de sequências repetitivas mostraram que 43,83% e 44,98% das sequências de DNA do clone A/2 e L/8, respectivamente, são representadas por elementos retrotransposons. Nas análises comparativas, tanto o gene CSN1S1 quanto o gene CSN3 parcial apresentaram sequências repetitivas búfalo específicas. A sequência ...<br>Among milk proteins, the caseins (alpha-s1, alpha-s2, beta- and kappa-casein) play a crucial role considering their high nutritional value and physicochemical characteristics which contribute to the manufacture of dairy products. These proteins are encoded by the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 genes, respectively. In order to analyze the buffalo casein genes and compare the sequences with other species, the goal of the present study was to identify, characterize and sequence clones from a buffalo genomic library. A total of 33,792 clones were evaluated, and two clones were identified as positive, one for the CSN1S1 gene (clone A/2) and other for the CSN3 gene (clone L/8). The DNA sequence from clone A/2 identified the whole CSN1S1 and a partial sequence from the CSN2 genes. The DNA sequence from clone L/8 revealed a partial sequence from the CSN3 gene. The CSN1S1 gene presented a total of 17,008 bp organized in 19 exons ranging from 24 bp to 380 bp and 18 introns ranging from 90 bp to 1,710 bp. Comparative analysis showed sequence conservation higher than 85% on exons and introns of the CSN1S1 gene when compared with the cattle gene sequence. The partial sequence from the CSN2 gene included exon 9 and part of intron 8, with conservation higher than 98% when compared with the cattle sequence. The partial sequences of the CSN3 gene included parts of the introns 2 and 3, the whole sequence of intron 4 and exons 3, 4 and 5. These sequences showed conservation higher than 94% with cattle. The identification of repetitive sequences showed that 43.83% of DNA sequence from clone A/2 and 44,98% from clone L/8 were represented by retrotransposable elements. Further comparative analysis showed buffalo specific repetitive sequences in the CSN1S1 gene and the partial CSN3 gene with when compared with other bovids species. The coding sequence of the buffalo CSN1S1 gene showed 98%, 93%, and 90% of identity with the correspondent sequences in cattle ...
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Silva, Fernando Evaristo da. "Efeito da adição de caseinato de sódio sobre a viabilidade do sêmen bubalino criopreservado." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190848.
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Orientador: João Carlos Pinheiro Ferreira<br>Resumo: O uso do sêmen refrigerado proporciona maiores taxas de prenhez se comparado ao do sêmen congelado. Essa diferença parece estar relacionada às lesões mais severas das membranas espermáticas desencadeadas pelo processo de congelação. Por sua habilidade de se ligar às proteínas ligadoras de espermatozoides e ao íon cálcio, o caseinato de sódio vem sendo estudado como uma substância capaz de inibir a capacitação espermática precoce, uma importante causa de diminuição da taxa de prenhez quando do uso de sêmen congelado. O primeiro objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a possibilidade de um diluente comercial a base de gema de ovo, destinado à congelação de sêmen bovino, ser empregado para a criopreservação de sêmen bubalino; o segundo objetivo foi investigar o efeito do uso desse diluente, suplementado com caseinato de sódio, na criopreservação de espermatozoides bubalinos, por meio da avaliação dos espermatozoides, por citometria de fluxo, e da cinética espermática, empregando-se o sistema CASA. Na primeira parte do estudo, quando comparados os resultados das avaliações da cinética espermática e integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal, observou-se que o processo de congelação seminal promoveu mais danos celulares que o processo de refrigeração. Na segunda parte do estudo, não foram observados efeitos da adição do caseinato de sódio ao diluente a base de gema de ovo. A partir dos resultados do presente estudo foi possível concluir que o diluente a base de gema de ovo testad... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The use of cooled semen results in higher pregnancy rates compared than the use of frozen semen. This result seems to be related to the more severe damages triggered by the freezing process, when compared to those observed during the refrigeration. Due to its ability to bind to sperm-binding proteins and calcium ions, sodium caseinate has been studied as a ubstance capable to prevent early sperm capacitation, a major cause of decreased pregnancy rate after using frozen semen. The first objective of this study was to evaluate if a commercial egg yolk diluent developed for freezing bovine semen could be used for buffalo semen cryopreservation; the second objective was to investigate the effect of this diluent, added with sodium caseinate, during the procedures of buffalo sperm cryopreservation, using flow cytometry and computer-assisted sperm analysis. In the first part of the study, comparing the results of spermatic kinetics and plasma and acrosomal membranes integrity, it was observed that the freezing process resulted in more cell damage than the cooling process. In the second part of the study, no effects of the addition of sodium caseinate to the egg yolk diluent were observed. From the results of the present study it was possible to conclude that the egg yolk-based diluent was suitable for buffalo semen cryopreservation and that the addition of sodium caseinate did not decrease the deleterious effects related to seminal cryopreservation.<br>Mestre
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Seymour, William Matthew. "Responses to abomasal infusion of casein, hydrolyzed casein or methionine-lysine and dietary protein degradability in lactating cows." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49892.
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Responses to daily abomasal infusions of 400 g sodium caseinate, 400 g hydrolyzed casein or 11.3 g L-methionine-30.1 g L-lysine and rumen degradability of dietary protein were studied in eight Holstein cows during mid-lactation. Basal diets contained com silage, com and either soybean meal or 60:40 soybean meal:corn gluten meal, and had estimated rumen degradabilities of 70 and 60.5%. Duodenal cannulas were installed in four of the cows to allow measurement of digesta composition and flow.
Methionine-lysine infusion increased milk protein percentage on both diets and milk fat percentage and yield on the soybean meal diet. Sodium caseinate increased milk and milk protein production, body weight gain, and decreased milk fat percentage, but not yield. Hydrolyzed casein did not produce the same responses, suggesting differences in amino acid absorption and utilization between the sources. Basal diet affected the responses to abomasal infusions demonstrating that amino acid nutrition of the cow was affected by dietary protein degradability.
Concentration of total essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, and urea cycle amino acids were increased by the infusion of the caseins. There were differences between the caseins in their effects on individual plasma free amino acids. Methionine-lysine infusion increased plasma lysine and taurine, a metabolite of methionine, suggesting that infused methionine was extensively metabolized.
Total duodenal nitrogen flow and non-microbial nitrogen flow tended to be increased by inclusion of corn gluten meal in the diet. Rumen degradation of crude protein was greater for the soybean meal diet. Both diets had lower rumen degradability than predicted from previous experiments.<br>Ph. D.<br>incomplete_metadata
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Gingras, Denis. "René Cassin et les droits de l'homme." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25238.pdf.
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Gallagher, Jacqueline. "Hydrolysis of casein by food grade enzymes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320181.
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Kannanayakal, Theresa Joseph. "Casein kinase 1 isoforms in degenerative disorders." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1094264800.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Document formatted into pages; contains 150 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 Sept. 7.
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George, Sisilamma. "Physical mapping of the murine casein locus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13892.
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The murine casein locus has been characterised by long range restriction mapping and the analysis of long fragment genomic clones. Cloned sequences from five mouse casein genes (α, β, γ, ?, κ) were used to screen a murine (strain 129) genomic library in a bacterial artificial chromosome vector (BAC). Of the nine clones isolated, two contained 3 casein genes α, β, γ and γ, ?, κ respectively. The following combinations were found in other clones - α + β; β + γ; γ + ?. Thus, I deduced that the gene order in the locus is α- β- γ- ?-κ. I have confirmed this order by restriction analysis of the clones. Expression studies of casein genes at various time points during pregnancy and lactation revealed a co-ordinate expression pattern for the three (α, β and γ) calcium sensitive genes from mid pregnancy to parturition. The genetic variation in the casein loci of <I>Mus musculus </I>(eight different strains) and <I>Mus spretus </I>was also examined as restriction fragment length variations (RFLV) using five restriction enzymes, <I>Bam</I>HI, <I>Sfi</I>I, <I>Hind</I>III, <I>Eco</I>RI and <I>Xba</I>I. The information obtained from the present mapping study and the clones isolated (129 strain) can be used to manipulate the casein locus in embryonic stem (ES) cells as most gene targeting experiments are carried out in ES cells isolated from 129 mice. Gene targeting is more effective if the targeting DNA is prepared from isogenic DNA. It is also advantageous to use isogenic DNA derived maps in targeting experiments. Thus, the results of this study could not only contribute to basic studies on genome structure and function but also in the longer term underpin applications in biotechnology and agriculture/industry.
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Rios, Karina Ribeiro. "Efeito da remoção da fonte de zinco da mistura salina da dieta sobre o ganho de peso de ratos wistar e o valor nutritivo da caseina : influencia de adições crescentes de acido fitico." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256230.
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Orientador: Admar Costa de Oliveira<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T16:25:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2003<br>Resumo: O zinco é um mineral que desempenha inúmeras funções biológicas, como catalisador para a atividade de mais de 300 enzimas, constituinte estrutural de muitas proteínas e como regulador na prevenção da formação de radicais livres. Dado a esta multiplicidade funcional, a deficiência de zinco é especialmente crítica em estádios de rápido crescimento e desenvolvimento onde seu requerimento é aumentado, na ingestão alimentar deficiente ou quando ocorre baixa biodisponibilidade do zinco. Com a descoberta da deficiência do mineral em humanos na década de 60 devido ao elevado consumo de ácido fítico por populações do Oriente Médio, os estudiosos acreditavam ser este um fato isolado, até que na década de 90 foi reconhecido como um problema de carência nutricional de ocorrência freqüente em países desenvolvidos. Com vistas a determinar a influência da fonte de zinco da mistura mineral da dieta AIN-93G e de adições de ácido fítico no crescimento e estado nutricional de zinco em ratos Wistar, estudou-se o efeito da suplementação com carbonato de zinco (56 % Zn) e ácido fítico na forma de hexafosfato de mioinositol (IP6), utilizando-se adições crescentes na dieta de caseína. Os resultados mostraram que apesar de o carbonato de zinco (56 % Zn) ter sido removido por 32 dias, não foi observada diferença estatística (p>0,05) para os índices de crescimento (consumo de dieta e ganho de peso) e valor nutritivo da caseína, determinado pelo Quociente de Eficiência da Caseína (PER). A concentração sérica de zinco não diferiu entre os animais do grupo Controle (dieta AIN-93G, 12,2 % de caseína) e os animais do grupo com dieta basal, sem a fonte de zinco da mistura mineral (ZnC03, 56% Zn), sendo a zincemia assegurada pelos 4,2 mg Zn I kg de caseína. Adições crescentes de ZnC03, 56% Zn, até 129,2 mg de zinco I kg de dieta basal durante 8 dias, após a remoção do mineral por 32 dias, resultaram em valores maiores para ganho de peso, porém até o limite de 86,7 mg Zn I kg dieta, correspondendo a um valor máximo de 98,6 gramas de ganho pondera!. A eficiência alimentar apresentou valores maiores a partir de 33,1 mg Zn I kg dieta e a concentração de zinco no soro dos animais, valores maiores para as adições de 65,4 e 129,2 mg Zn/kg dieta. Adições crescentes de ácido fítico à dieta basal, sem o ZnC03, 56 % Zn, da mistura mineral, num período de 32 dias, ocasionaram redução constante nos índices de crescimento (consumo de dieta e ganho de peso), no valor nutritivo da caseína determinado pelo Quociente de Eficiência Líquida da Caseína (NPR) e Quociente de Eficiência da Caseína (PER), no valor nutritivo dietético, determinado pelo Quociente de Conversão Alimentar (QCA) e na concentração sérica de zinco dos ratos. Os valores das digestibilidades (Aparente e Corrigida pela Dieta Aprotéica) não foram comprometidos pelas adições crescentes de fitato. Pelo exposto, pôde ser inferido que o baixo teor de zinco da dieta basal (1,1 mg Zn I kg dieta) praticamente não afetou o crescimento dos ratos, enquanto a influência de adições crescente de ácido fítico teve um efeito de notável redução dos índices determinados, com exceção da digestibilidade da caseína, num período experimental de 32 dias<br>Abstract: Zinc is a mineral with a variety of biological functions such as catalyzing the activity of more than 300 enzymes, being a structural constituent of many proteins and as a regulator in the prevention of free radical formation. Due to this functional multiplicity, a deficiency of zinc becomes especially critical during rapid growth and development stages where the requirement is even greater, in cases of deficient feeding or in cases of low zinc bioavailability. In the sixties, when deficiency of this mineral was first discovered in humans, due to the high ingestion of phytic acid by Middle Eastern populations, researchers believed this to be an isolated case. However, in the nineties it was recognized as a malnutritional problem, occurring mainly in large countries. With the objective of determining the influence of the zinc source in the mineral mixture of the AIN-93G diet, and of additions of phytic acid on the growth and nutritional state of zinc in Wistar rats, the effect of supplementation with zinc carbonate (56% Zn) was studied, and also the addition of phytic acid in the form of myoinositol hexaphosphate (IP6), adding increasing amounts to the casein diet. The results show that despite the zinc carbonate (56% Zn) having been removed from the diet for 32 days, no significant (p>0.05) difference was observed with respect to the growth indexes (diet consumption and weight gain) or nutritive value of the casein, as determined from the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). There was no difference in serum zinc concentration between that of the Control group of animals (AIN-93G diet, 12.2% casein) and that of the animals on the basal diet, without the source of zinc in the mineral mixture (ZnCO3, 56% Zn), zincemia being guaranteed by the 4.2 mg Zn I kg casein. Increasing additions of ZnCO3, 56% Zn, up to 129.2 mg zinc I kg basal diet for 8 days, after removing the mineral for 32 days, resulted in an increased weight gain, although only up to a limit of 86.7 mg Zn I kg diet, corresponding to a maximum pondered weight gain of 98.6 grams. Higher values for food efficiency were shown as from 33.1 mg Zn I kg diet, and higher values for the concentration of zinc in the animal serum were shown with additions of from 65.4 to 129.2 mg Zn I kg diet. Increasing additions of phytic acid to the basal diet containing no ZnCO3, 56% Zn in the mineral mixture, for a period of 32 days, led to constant reductions in the growth indexes (diet consumption and weight gain), in the nutritive value of the casein as determined by the net protein ratio (NPR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), in the dietary nutrition value as determined by the food conversion ratio (FCR) and in the serum zinc concentration of the rats. The values for digestibility (apparent and corrected according to the aproteic diet) were unaffected by the increasing additions of phytate. From the results, it can be inferred that the low level of zinc in the basal diet (1.1 mg Zn I kg diet) showed practically no influence on the growth of the rats, whereas in an experimental period of 32 days, there was a notable effect in the reduction of the indexes determined, with the exception of that of casein digestibility, with increasing additions of phytic acid<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Molina, Urtubia Paula. "Casino Rancagua." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100854.
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Importa mencionar que la Región Metropolitana que opera como “aspiradora” de la masa crítica regional y torna a la región del Libertador en un “corredor”. De este modo, la proximidad geográfica de la Sexta Región tanto a la Capital como a la Región de Valparaíso, la incluye dentro de la denominada Macrorregión Central, no pudiendo independizar su desarrollo de las decisiones del Gobierno Central o de otros Gobiernos Regionales con mayor poder económico. Un ejemplo claro de ello lo constituye el equipamiento de la educación superior, ya que estos no sobrepasan el nivel técnico y privado, concentrándose la mayoría de las universidades tradicionales en Santiago, lo que genera un constante flujo de personas que se traslada diariamente a la capital. De este modo Rancagua se ha transformado en una ciudad dependiente sin un atractivo propio que le permita destacarse e independizarse a través de sus propios recursos. Si bien en la Sexta Región, el turismo es una actividad importante, pero ha sido poco potenciada a pesar de los lugares y cultura que posee. La creación de una nueva ley 19.995 que permitirá la construcción de 17 nuevos casinos en Chile, abre la posibilidad de construir un casino en la ciudad Rancagua. Esto que no sólo traería beneficios económicos, si no que potenciaría sus recursos e impulsaría el turismo en la región gracias a la infraestructura complementaria que se generaría en este lugar. Asimismo, Rancagua es una ciudad de una gran proyección en cuanto a conectividad a corto plazo con el exterior, un ejemplo de ello es el corredor bioceánico y el paso las leñas. Estas cualidades en conjunto con su gran potencial turístico y su cercanía con santiago, permitió plantear a Rancagua como una alternativa para la construcción de un nuevo casino.
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Rychlík, Adam. "Casino Galaxy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265370.
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Diploma thesis deals with a Casino Galaxy´s project documentation. this casino is situated in Brno - Přízřenice. The object is designed as a cubic five-storey building without basement and with a flat roof. Whole construction is composed by Sendwix system.
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Eikås, Inger Kamilla. "Influence of Casing Shoe Depth on Sustained Casing Pressure." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18650.
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In 2006 the Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA) performed a well integrity survey. The survey indicated that about 20 % of wells on the Norwegian Continental shelf (NCS) may suffer from well integrity issues. Most of the problems were related to deficiency in annulus safety valve, tubing, cement and casing. Pressure build-up in annulus, i.e. sustained casing pressure, is one of the main indicators of a significant well integrity problem. Increased understanding on the field may help engineers to design wells with better integrity in the future. This thesis describes SCP and its most common causes with emphasis on the relation between casing shoe setting depth and the occurrence of SCP. Primary and secondary barrier is described together with the common practice of choosing casing shoe depth. Formation strength and its impact on setting depth is explained together with a brief introduction of the different formation integrity tests. Generic cases have been studied to determine the relation between unfavorable casing shoe setting depth and the occurrence of SCP. For each case there is a suggestion as how the well may be redesigned so that the risk of SCP is reduced. Information on the theme has been acquired through studying and comparing different papers, booklets, previous reports and reviews concerning the subject. The Norsok standard D-010 and 117 – OLF recommended guidelines for well integrity have also been very informative during the study. To be able to avoid SCP and at the same time improve well design, it is important to properly understand how SCP arises. Changing the casing shoe setting depth to a more suited depth or formation cannot alone eliminate SCP. To eliminate SCP a good conversion between Top of Cement (TOC) and setting depth of the previous casing shoe is required. The best way of avoiding SCP because of casing shoe setting depth is to make a thorough investigation of the underground and carefully choose the setting depth.
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Koch, Juliane. "Untersuchungen zur Hydrolyse von beta-Casein in Modellsystemen und in ausgewählten Käsesorten." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1104851833062-82870.
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Die Käsereifung ist ein biochemischer Prozess, der sich durch physikalische, mikrobiologische und enzymatische Ursachen und Abläufe vollzieht. Dabei ist die Proteolyse entscheidend für Veränderungen hinsichtlich Textur und Sensorik im Endprodukt Käse. Da die Käsematrix zu komplex ist und verschiedene Einflüsse sich störend bei der Analyse von Proteinen auswirken, sollte ein Käsemodell entwickelt werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher ein geeignetes Modell zu entwickeln, welches die Käsereifung simulieren sollte. Zum Vergleich sollte ein Modell herangezogen werden, welches der Milch nachempfunden war. Als Protein sollte das b-Casein, welches bis zu 30 % an der Caseinfraktion beteiligt ist, durch Chymosin und ein mikrobielles Milchgerinnungsenzym (Suparen) hydrolysiert werden. Anschließend sollten kommerziell erhältliche Käse untersucht werden, um eventuelle Parallelen zum Modell Käse ziehen zu können.
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Tomlinson, Anthony M. "Long range analysis of the mammalian casein locus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14550.
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Current notions of genome organisation hold that chromatin is structurally and functionally partitioned into domains delimited by specialised chromatin elements. In transgenic studies a variety of chromatin domains and functional elements isolated from them have been shown to direct physiological levels of gene expression independent of the integration position of the transgene within the genome. The principal aim of this project was to assay for position independent, copy number dependent and tissue- and developmental stage-specific gene expression from the human and murine casein gene loci in transgenic mice. Two overlapping YACs covering the murine casein gene locus were restriction mapped, generating the first reported physical map of this locus. The order of the five casein genes is α-β-γ-ε-κ; as in other mammals the κ casein gene, though evolutionarily unrelated to the other members of the locus, is closely linked, which may imply that casein gene expression is under locus control. The YACs are collinear within the region of overlap, suggesting that neither is rearranged. One of these YACs was manipulated with the intention of inserting a reporter gene under the control of an ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter downstream of the murine β casein polyadenylation site, so that gene expression from the YAC could be detected against a murine background in cell culture or transgenic mice. In parallel, a YAC bearing the human casein locus was restriction mapped and used to establish transgenic mice. Unexpectedly, none expressed detectable levels of human casein RNA when analysed by northern blot, although four produced human κ casein RNA that was detectable by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, indicating basal levels of transcription of the gene. The reasons for this are unknown, though initial characterisation of genomic DNA from the transgenic animals suggests that the YAC is not intact in any of the eight lines. The human casein YAC was also transfected into HC11 murine mammary epithelial cells with a view to assessing the level of human casein gene expression from the YAC <I>in vitro, </I>but unfortunately no stably transfected cell lines were established. These results and their implications for the use of large DNA constructs in transgenic mammals are discussed.
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Parente, Aragão Ticiana. "CASSIA VIRGÍNICA® (Cassia occidentalis L.): abordagem farmacológica e toxicológica." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3235.
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Cassia occidentalis L., conhecida popularmente como Fedegoso, é amplamente
utilizada como medicamento natural em regiões de florestas e outras áreas tropicais ao
redor do mundo, para o tratamento de cólicas intestinais e uterinas, estados febris,
processos inflamatórios e como diurético, laxante, expectorante e abortivo. O
fitoterápico CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®, comercializado pelo Laboratório Pernambucano
(LAPERLI), preparado a partir de caules e folhas de Cassia occidentalis, tem sido
indicado para o tratamento de gripes, febres, úlceras varicosas e erisipelas. O presente
trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de efeitos antiinflamatório, analgésico,
antipirético e antiulcerogênico, bem como o potencial toxicológico reprodutivo do
fitoterápico CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®. Foram usados ratos Wistar e camundongos, de
ambos os sexos, adultos, tratados oralmente com o extrato seco de CASSIA
VIRGÍNICA® em diferentes doses, 50, 100, 200, 250, 400 e 500mg/kg, na dependência
do ensaio realizado. O estudo farmacológico foi realizado utilizando o modelo de edema
de pata induzido por injeção subplantar de carragenina, dextrana e histamina, para
avaliar a atividade antiinflamatória aguda; o modelo de analgesia utilizando o ácido
acético para indução de contorções abdominais; o modelo de febre induzida por
levedura de cerveja e o modelo de úlcera induzida pela administração de etanol. Para
avaliar a toxicidade reprodutiva, ratas Wistar prenhes foram tratadas oralmente, durante
os períodos de pré-implantação (1º ao 6º dia de gestação) e organogênese (7º ao 14º dia
de gestação), nas doses de 250mg/kg e 500mg/kg. No 20º dia de gestação, as ratas
foram sacrificadas, laparotomizadas e avaliadas quanto a parâmetros reprodutivos
(número de fetos vivos e mortos, relação feto/mãe, massa dos fetos, das placentas e dos
ovários, número de corpos lúteos, relação corpo lúteo/mãe, número de sítios de
implantação, índice de implantação, número de sítios de reabsorção, perda pré e pósimplantação).
Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o extrato seco de CASSIA
VIRGÍNICA® produziu uma redução máxima aproximada de 55% e 41% no edema de
pata induzido pela carragenina e dextrana, respectivamente, porém não, no edema
induzido pela histamina. Houve diminuição significativa das contorções abdominais nos
animais tratados com o fitoterápico de 71, 60 e 62%, respectivamente nas doses de 100,
200 e 400mg/kg. Com relação à atividade antipirética, o fitoterápico na dose de
400mg/kg produziu redução significativa da temperatura, maior do que 1°C (36,58±0,19 para 35,32±0,48), a partir da primeira hora de administração, de maneira semelhante à
produzida pela dipirona (35,23±0,23). O extrato protegeu a mucosa gástrica contra
lesões induzidas por etanol nas doses de 100 e 200mg/kg com percentual de área
ulcerada igual a 8,52±1,34% e 11,62±1,24% correspondendo a uma redução em relação
ao controle (19,73±2,41), de 56 e 41% da área ulcerada. Os resultados mostraram que
não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significantes quanto aos parâmetros
reprodutivos avaliados. Porém, foi constatada a presença de feto morto, tanto na dose de
250 quanto de 500mg/kg do extrato seco de CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®. Os resultados
indicam que o fitoterápico possui atividades antiedematogênica, analgésica e
antipirética, porém, mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer os mecanismos
envolvidos nestas atividades. A vantagem do fitoterápico em relação aos
antiinflamatórios atuais é que esta não apresenta propriedade irritante de mucosa
gástrica, pelo contrário, possui um efeito gastroprotetor. A constatação de feto morto
sugere que os estudos devem ser ampliados para melhor caracterizar os efeitos tóxicos
do fitoterápico e seu uso não deve ser recomendado durante o período de gestação
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Khandka, Rupak Kumar. "Leakage behind casing." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1633.
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<p>Achieving zonal isolation by cementing annulus space between casing and well bore is an important job in many oil wells. Gas leakage in the annulus has been recognised as a major completion problem in the oil well. A successful cement job results in complete zonal isolation on a permanent basis. To achieve these goals, various factors such as well security, casing centralization, effective mud removal, and gas migration must be considered in the design. The design of the cement must be such that it prevents micro-annuli formation, stress cracking, corrosive fluid invasion, fluid migration, and annular gas pressure. However, permanent solutions to gas leakage has not emerged and gas leaks during and after the cement is set.</p><p>In this thesis work attempt has been made to deal the fluid leakage behind casing in two levels, firstly, revealed gas migration mechanism and, secondly, analytical modeling of cement sheath failure by internal and rising temperature. Several theories have been proposed regarding gas migration. In chaper 2 some probable physio-mechanical phenomena responsible for fluid migration in the cemented casing have been described. During cement setting and hardening gas migration is attributed to ineffective hydrostatic head, fluid loss during cementing, and the differential pressure occurrence due to the gelation. Micro annulus is attributed to the cement inability to form a good bond with the casing. Cyclic pressure and temperature variations during production also lead to the debonding or tensile failure or stress crushing of the cement causing gas migration. Gas leakage may occur years after production has ceased and well has been plugged and abandoned (P&A). Explanatory mechanism includes channeling, poor mud removal, shrinkage, and high cement permeability.</p><p>In chapter 3 efforts have been made to describe the case studies regarding zonal isolation. Case 1 describes the specialized cement design and placement procedures to mitigate casing vent flows (type: improve plan to avoid problem). Case 2 depicts a new cementing approach to improve and provide long term zonal isolation. Case 3 is related to the development of a methodology to evaluate the gas migration in cement slurries (type: predicting problem before it arises).</p><p>The stress in the cement is strongly connected with temperature and pressure, as well as lithology and in-situ stress. In chapter 4 an attempt has been made to quantify the cement failure as a function of down hole conditions and geometry and to define optimum mechanical properties to sustain the induced stresses. Analytical modeling has been done on the basis of plane strain in thin wall condition. Expressions for total stresses (hoop stress in casing, hoop stress in cement, and far field stress) are used to analyzed the cement integrity based on the case study well parameters of the Kristin Oil Field of Norway, Well R-3H (chapter 5). As this oil field is HTHP type, conventional cement is found not withstanding the stresses. In most of the situation tensile failure is the mode of failure, in some cases stress crushing and debonding. Improving the elasticity of cement or it’s flexural and tensile strength appeared to be an elegant solution to prevent cement failure (debonding, radial craking, and stress crushing). In addition, improvement can be made using high grade casing pipe (high Young’s modulus, low Poisson’s ratio). In reality a thick wall high grade (Q-125, SM-125) casing program has been selected in the Kristin Oil Field. The results of this study show the relevant dependency of stress principles with differential well temperature, pressure and field stress, Young’s modulus, thickness, and diameter of casing and cement sheath are also important.</p>
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Collins, Matthew C. J. "Casing effusion cooling." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8a7204f5-9436-4c11-b6d6-25aef0bff8f7.
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The design, modelling and testing of a film cooling system intended for the casing of an unshrouded HP turbine rotor is described in this thesis. Due to the dense network of small film cooling holes employed in such a system, this is often referred to as a casing effusion cooling scheme. Though there are patent references to such systems, there is as yet very limited published material on the aero thermal performance of such film cooling schemes. The casing of an unshrouded HP rotor is an incredibly hostile environment, witnessing the periodic passing of the HP rotor tips within close proximity at a frequency of ∼10 kHz. These blade passing events subject the casing to extremely large amplitude fluctuations of pressure and heat load, which may at first seem to preclude the use of a film cooling scheme. This thesis details many theoretical, computational and experimental advancements related to the research topic. Highlights include: The introduction of a new fundamental mechanism to the field of film cooling, the propagation and reflection of pressure waves within film cooling holes and the impact on film cooling performance. The development of new miniature thin film heat flux gauges manufactured using a new process. Sensor resolution is improved by a factor of seven. The first published computational model reporting heat transfer data on a film cooled rotor casing. Improvements to heat transfer data processing techniques and theory. These are applied to experimental work to produce the highest resolution heat transfer data obtained on the casing of a scaled rotating transonic HP rotor for both uncooled and cooled geometries. Computational models are used to demonstrate that coolant injection on the rotor casing reduces the over-tip leakage mass flow, offsetting the spoiling and mixing losses that film cooling schemes introduce. Much of the work in this thesis is based on papers that have been submitted to or are pending submission. To date three papers have been presented at conference with two published in journals and the third recommended and pending journal publication. Two other papers are pending submission. A patent has also been filed with the European and American patent office regarding novel film cooling hole shapes designed to make use of acoustic effects.
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Chakina, Marina. "Trolley for casino." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11798.
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Tezcucano, Molino Aline C. "Effects of enzymatic dephosphorylation on properties of bovine casein." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102736.
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Milk proteins represent an important source of protein ingredients due to their distinctive physico-chemical, nutritional, technological and functional properties. Casein content of milk represents about 80% of milk proteins. The distinguishing property of phosphorylation provides important properties to caseins. The objectives of this research were to investigate enzymatic dephosphorylation of caseins, to characterize products of dephosphorylation and to examine the effects of dephosphorylation on biological properties of caseins.<br>Bovine whole casein, alpha-casein and beta-casein were dephosphorylated with potato acid phosphatase; optimum dephosphorylation conditions were 37°C, pH 5.8 for 6 h. The extents of dephosphorylation accounted for 71.6, 89.2 and 73.7% for whole casein, alpha-casein and beta-casein, respectively. The apparent Vmax and apparent K m for dephosphorylation of whole casein were 0.283 mumol P/mg casein min and 9.951 mg casein/l, respectively. SDS-alphaPAGE, urea-PAGE, RP-HPLC and ESI-MS demonstrated effects of dephosphorylation on the caseins. Urea-PAGE and ESI-MS confirmed the identities of the individual fractions. ESI-MS established (a) the molecular weight for alpha-casein and beta-casein as 23, 612 and 24, 017 Da, respectively; (b) random removal of 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 8 phosphate groups from alpha-casein and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 phosphate groups from beta-casein and (c) effects of incubation conditions. The effects of dephosphorylation of alpha-casein and beta-casein on the action of pepsin and trypsin were evaluated. Peptide mapping by RP-HPLC indicated that both proteases generated a complex mixture of peptides, with dephosphorylated peptides showing an increase in retention time. LC-ESI-MS and MS/MS in conjunction with the use of advanced bioinformatics software resulted in the identification of the peptides generated. Dephosphorylated alpha-casein and beta-casein showed the presence of peptides in which phosphate groups were removed, and were not observed in peptides from the corresponding native protein. Several of the peptides identified contained sequences that have been reported to be biologically active. Residual allergenicity of dephosphorylated whole casein, alpha-casein and beta-casein as well as peptic and tryptic products of these caseins was determined by an ELISA technique. The results demonstrated that removal of phosphate groups from whole casein, alpha-casein and beta-casein reduced allergenicity by 33, 31.2 and 24.4%, respectively. Proteolysis and dephosphorylation resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) higher reduction in the antigen-antibody binding capacity compared to non-hydrolyzed and non-dephosphorylated caseins, particularly in the highly allergenic alpha-casein.
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Büeler, Thomas. "Casein-Polymorphismus und gerinnungsrelevante Eigenschaften von Milch Schweizerischer Ziegenrassen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14876.
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Morris, Andrew Richard. "Characterisation of casein kinase 1 enzymes from Leishmania mexicana." Thesis, Keele University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510728.
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Morris, Gordon Alistair. "Hydrodynamic investigation of polysaccharides and their interactions with casein." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13877/.
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Polysaccharide systems (pectin, carrageenan, guar, locust bean gum, xanthan and xylan) have been characterised using a variety of hydrodynamic techniques including sedimentation velocity, sedimentation equilibrium, size exclusion chromatography - multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS), and viscometry. Results suggest that the polysaccharides selected are, in general, rigid or semi-rigid molecules with a large hydrated volume, this is important in relation to polysaccharide structure - function relationships. In addition the effect of incorporating a UV absorbing substituent group was also investigated for two pectin samples and an arabinoxylan polysaccharide, the reaction conditions result in beta-elimination of the pectin chain in one case, but there was no significant effect on the other pectin or arabinoxylan. The effect of increased temperature was also investigated with respect to high and low methoxy pectins, this resulted in beta-elimination of high methoxy pectin and a mild conformational change in low methoxy pectin. Milk protein systems have also been studied using the above techniques, and it was proven that casein micelles are large, spherical hydrated molecules and sodium caseinate undergoes complex concentration dependant self-association under the conditions studied, which is significant even at low concentrations. Beta- and x-casein also undergo self-association reactions, the former of which was concentration dependent. An investigation into the effect of high temperature on beta lactoglobulin suggested that temperature induced aggregation is a two-step process (denaturation and aggregation), the first of which is thermo-reversible denaturation as indicated by capillary viscometry. The characterisation of the polysaccharide and milk protein substrates then allowed an investigation into the interactions of casein micelles with polysaccharide molecules. It was estimated that only K- and i-carrageenan interacted significantly with casein micelles in the reaction conditions studied (pH ~ 6.8, I ~ O.1M). A more detailed investigation into the k-carrageenan interaction suggests that at low concentration a sterically stabilised complex is formed, which undergoes depletion flocculation upon increasing k-carrageenan concentration.
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Whyman, R. H. "Electrophoretic and stability studies of casein coated colloidal particles." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379647.
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Abbasi, Soleiman. "High pressure induced gelation of micellar casein + polysaccharide mixtures." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275631.
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Agnew, E. C. "The effects of casein on healing and plaque formation." Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1232629X.
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Scheepers, Robyn Clair. "Genetic variation of Kappa-casein in South African goats." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28891.
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Milk protein polymorphisms have a significant influence on milk quantity and composition. Kappa-casein is of special interest due to its known relationship with milk quality. In goats, a number of allelic variants have been identified, primarily classified into two groups. Group BIEF alleles (D, E, K, and M) have been shown to have a positive effect on milk yield and technological properties, while group AIEF, the remaining alleles, have a less positive influence on milk composition. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic variation in the kappa-casein genotype of South African goats. PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing were performed on 68 and 77 samples, respectively. In addition, 84 milk samples were analyzed for milk composition. RFLP analysis revealed that the A and/or B alleles were the most frequent in the populations studied. A frequency of 0.00 was observed for the BIEF variants using DNA sequencing. In all goat types included, the B allele was the most common, with frequencies ranging from 60% in SA Boer goats to 100% in Saanens. The B’ allele had lower frequencies of 0.357 and 0.207 in SA Boer goats and local goat types, respectively. The H allele was present at low frequencies in local goat types (10.3%) and in SA Boer goats (3.6%), but was absent in Saanens. AMOVA results indicated that most of the total variation occurred within populations (80.66%) with the remainder of the variation (FST = 0.1934; p < 0.01) occurring due to genetic differences between populations.<br>Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2009.<br>Animal and Wildlife Sciences<br>unrestricted
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Quinkenstein, Stephan. "Lymphoproliferation und Antigenspezifität von Lymphozyten frisch manifestierter Typ-I-Diabetiker gegen die Proteine bovines Serum-Albumin und [beta]-Casein [Beta-Casein] sowie Insulin." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969257120.
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Light, Christopher D. "Caspian Sea energy oil, politics and development in the Caspian Sea region." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1205.
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Dinc, Havva. "Genotyping Of Beta-casein, Kappa-casein And Beta-lactoglobulin Genes In Turkish Native Cattle Breeds And Efforts To Delineate Bcm-7 On Human Pbmc." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611173/index.pdf.
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The main aim of this study is to determine genetic diversity of milk protein genes associated with milk traits, namely beta-casein, kappa-casein and betalactoglobulin, in native Turkish cattle breeds (Turkish Grey, Eastern Anatolian Red, Anatolian Black, and Southern Anatolian Red) and Turkish Holstein. Only
11% deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and insignificant Fis values for the populations were observed, indicating that samples are free of inbreeding.
B alleles of these genes, which are positively related with cheese yield and quality, seem to be relatively high in native Turkish breeds. Therefore, the results suggest that milk of Turkish native breeds is advantageous for producing high-quality and -yield cheese.
A1 allele of beta-casein, which releases a bioactive peptide called BCM-7 after successive gastrointestinal proteolytic digestions, has been claimed to have adverse health effects on humans. Another aim of this study is to develop a protocol and assess the potential detrimental effects of BCM-7 on human peripheral blood cells. Despite the fact that the results are inconclusive, the optimized experimental protocol will guide further researchers while judging the effect of BCM-7 on human health.
Even though A1 beta-casein, which has a low frequency in native Turkish breeds, and hence BCM-7 have no adverse health effects on humans, this probability should be enough to keep its frequency low in native cattle breeds. Bulls must be screened for A1 allele of beta-casein as well as E allele of kappa-casein, which is absent in native breeds and known to have detrimental effects on cheese quality.
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Hansson, Malin. "Cherry Casino : - en kommunikationsgranskning." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6770.
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<p>Abstract</p><p>Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this paper was to identify the communication process at the company Cherry casino and see what opinions the employees had about it. Moreover, an evaluation of the used strategies was done and an analysis about what perhaps could be done to improve the attitude, communication and in the end the result for the company.</p><p>Material/Method: The empirical material was gathered through qualitative interviews and theory application.</p><p>Main results: The transmission of information regarding the regular work related information works just fine and the channels used are well chosen. But more large-scale information that deals with the company’s plans, strategies and targets is not handled in the right way. Neither is the respond. Many express a lack of dialogue. Therefore my main conclusions is to develop a more friendly touch within the company, create a dialogue and let people at the bottom of the hierarchy know what is happening. The best way to do this is through the Intranet and the increase of positive feedback.</p><p>Keywords: Organizational communication, internal communication, casino, communication audit</p>
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TALEB, EINOLLAHI NASTARAN. "Design project : Caspian Land." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233805.
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The Caspian land project attempts to address some problems such as: SHORTAGE OF HOUSING IN STOCKHOLM Creating a well-structured urban area with mix land use: Apartment, row house, semi-detached house, and villa that can address people´s desire to own their home with an economically acceptable price in comparison with similar properties in the city center. SHORTAGE OF TRAFIC & STREET NETWORK This project would also create a well-functioning street network inside the proposed project. ECONOMICAL PRICING • Providing housing for residents with the various budget , with focus on low and medium income residents. • Establish cheaper private housing in comparison with similar housing in the city center. •Creating a hybrid and multifunctional urban area with a commercial base( like the proposed shopping center) that can encourage financial sponsors to invest in this proposed project. SUSTAINABILITY CONCERNS • Creating a walkable urban area with a high-quality walking path that would encourage people to walk or cycle to commute. •Offering an opportunity to residents for utilizing urban gardening to provide a small part of residents`daily vegetable needs. • Providing an opportunity for people, especially elderly and children, to spend more time in nature.
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Vong, Tze-ngai, and 黃子毅. "Casino boom in Macau: exploring casino liberalization's impact on Macau residents' sense of place and theirsatisfaction and support for casino development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49858798.
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Since casino liberalization, Macau has been undergoing metaphoric changes that are fundamental, rapid, and far-reaching. This poses a challenge to Macau people to cope with life changing circumstances to the extent of rediscovering their hometown which have changed profoundly as evident by the city‘s ever-changing skyline. Having said so, this study aims to explore the effects of large-scale casino development on Macau residents‘ sense of place, and how their changing sense of place determines their support for casino development. To achieve this study purpose, three interrelated research objectives are laid down for the study. They are (1) to assess the impact of casino liberalization on Macau society, (2) to describe Macau residents’ sense of place amid the casino boom, and (3) to delineate the structural relationship between casino impact, sense of place, place satisfaction, and support for casino development. By using a purely quantitative approach based on a comprehensive resident survey, the study identified both positive and negative casino impact factors as affecting Macau people economically, socially, and environmentally. More importantly, these casino impact factors were also found to exhibit significant predictive power in explaining respondents‘ sense of place intensity, therefore empirically validating a posited relationship between the impact of casino development and inhabitants’ sense of place. The study also found that respondents’ sense of place carried obvious connotations of modernity and exquisiteness because respondents were using everyday vocabularies such as ‘rich’, ‘lively’, ‘developed’, and ‘unique’ to express their perceptions of the new Macau. This brief glossary of words, which characterizes successful urban development, was also found to associate strongly with their sense of place assessments. Finally, the study validated an integrated conceptual model within which the sense of place construct assumes a decisive role in affecting place satisfaction and support for casino development. The contribution of this study lies in the fact it has brought to our attention residents’ sense of place as an important determinant for the success of any large-scale tourism project such as casino development. This study has also provided a new breath to the traditional casino impact studies by taking a new look at an old problem through a cross-disciplinary perspective.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Geography<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Ayers, Carolyn. "Effect of k-casein glycosylation on the properties of milk." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26234.
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A study was conducted to determine the relationship between the degree of glycosylation of $ kappa$-casein (CN) and physicochemical properties of milk: heat stability and ethanol stability. Morning milk samples from individual Holstein cows (genotype $ kappa$-CN AA, $ beta$-CN A$ sb1$A$ sb2$, $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-CN BB, $ beta$-lactoglobulin AB) in midlactation were collected and analyzed for protein and somatic cell count. Samples of low somatic cell count ($<$150000 cells/ml) were skimmed and dialyzed overnight at 4$ sp circ$C against bulk tank milk to equilibrate soluble components. Three series of analyses were performed for the determination of thermostability of milk between pH 6.5 and 9. In the first 2 sections (A and B), the heat clotting time vs pH (HCT/pH) profiles of normal milk were measured. The effect of sialic acid (NANA) depletion on the HCT/pH profile was tested in a third series of experiments. And finally, a series of analyses were performed to determine the ethanol stability of milk. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Matia-Meringo, Lara. "Interactions in acid casein gels and emulsion gels containing sugar." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396942.
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Tsioulpas, Alexandros. "Role of minerals on casein micelle stability of bovine milk." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429228.
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Fang, Zih-Hua. "The genetic background of bovine αs1- and αs2-casein phosphorylation". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0020.
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La phosphorylation des caséines (CN) est une modification post-traductionnelle qui permet l’aggrégation des caséines sous formes de micelles. La stabilité de ces structures est essentielle pour transporter les minéraux au nouveau-né et fabriquer des produits laitiers. Il est par conséquent fondamental d'explorer la variation du degré de phosphorylation (PD) des CN, et d'étudier dans quelle mesure les facteurs génétiques contribuent à cette variation. Cette thèse visait à étudier le contexte génétique de la composition des protéines du lait de vache, en mettant l'accent sur la phosphorylation des CN αs1 et αs2. Deux études ont été menées pour analyser leur niveau de phosphorylation : la première en race Montbéliarde française (FM), en utilisant la chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à ionisation par électro-nébulisation et l'autre en race Holstein Friesian néerlandaise (DHF), en utilisant l’électrophorèse capillaire de zone. En race FM, en plus des isoformes connues : αs1-CN-8P et -9P, de αs2-CN-10P à -13P, trois nouvelles isoformes ont été détectées (αs2-CN-9P, αs2-CN-14P et αs2-CN-15P). Les concentrations relatives de ces isoformes variaient considérablement entre vaches. Les corrélations phénotypiques ont montré que les isoformes phosphorylées aux degrés les plus élevés (αs1-CN-9P, de αs2-CN-12P à -14P) étaient corrélées négativement avec les isoformes phosphorylées à des degrés inférieurs (αs1-CN-8P, αs2-CN-10P et -11P). En outre, les profils de phosphorylation des CN αs1 et αs2 changent avec la parité et le stade de lactation, et il est possible d’exploiter en FM la variation génétique du PD de ces caséines (définie comme la proportion d'isoformes ayant les taux de phosphorylation les plus élevés). En DHF, nous avons quantifié 3 isoformes d’αs2-CN, à savoir αs2-CN-10P, -11P, et -12P et les PD des CN αs1 et αs2. Des héritabilités intra-troupeau élevées ont été estimées pour les isoformes de phosphorylation d'αs2-CN et les PD des CN αs1 et αs2 (comprise entre 0,54 et 0,89). Ceci suggère que des facteurs génétiques contribuent substantiellement aux différences observées dans les profils de phosphorylation de ces CN. La correlation entre les degrés de phosphorylation de αs1-CN et d’αs2-CN était de 0,94. Nous avons montré que 10 régions, réparties sur les autosomes BTA1, 2, 6, 9, 11, 14, 15, 18, 24 et 28, sont associées aux isoformes de phosphorylation des CN αs1 et αs2 et leurs PD en DHF. Les régions sur BTA1, 6, 11 et 14 étaient associées à plusieurs caractères étudiés. Deux régions quantitative trait loci (QTL) ont été détectées sur BTA1 : l'une affectant la production d'αs2-CN et l'autre le PD des deux CN. La région QTL localisée sur BTA6 affectait uniquement les isoformes d'αs2-CN. Les régions QTL situées sur BTA11 et BTA14 influencent les concentrations relatives en αs2-CN-10P et -11P, et les PD des CN αs1 et αs2. Ces résultats suggèrent que les effets des régions génomiques identifiées impactant les PD sont probablement dus à des modifications de biosynthèse des constituants du lait et à la sécrétion de phosphore dans le lait. Enfin, les différences observées sur les paramètres génétiques estimés et les corrélations, sont discutées sur la base de l'ensemble des données issues des deux études décrites dans cette thèse. En conclusion, les différences observées sur les estimations d'héritabilité entre FM et DHF semblent principalement dues à des composantes génétiques. Quant au PD de l'αs2-CN, il a été défini différemment en FM et en DHF, en raison des méthodes analytiques. Il a été possible de quantifier avec succès la proportion d'isoformes présentant des degrés de phosphorylation élevés, en raison de la similitude dans les corrélations estimées avec les deux définitions aux données de FM. Finalement, sur la base des résultats présentés dans cette thèse, nous avons émis l'hypothèse qu'un système comportant deux caséines-kinases puisse être impliqué dans la phosphorylation des CN αs1 et αs2<br>Phosphorylation of caseins (CN) is a crucial post-translational modification allowing caseins to aggregate as micelles. The formation and stability of casein micelles are important for transporting abundant minerals to the neonate and manufacturing of dairy products. Therefore, it is of great interest to explore variation in degrees of phosphorylation of caseins and study to what extent genetic and other factors contribute to this variation. This thesis aimed to investigate the genetic background of bovine milk protein composition with a focus on phosphorylation of αs1- and αs2-CN. Thus, two studies were conducted to quantify phosphorylation levels of αs1- and αs2-CN: one in French Montbéliarde (FM) using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and the other in Dutch Holstein Friesian (DHF) using capillary zone electrophoresis. In FM, in addition to the known isoforms αs1-CN-8P and-9P and αs2-CN-10P to -13P, three new phosphorylation isoforms were detected, namely αs2-CN-9P, αs2-CN-14P, and αs2-CN-15P. Relative concentrations of the phosphorylation isoforms varied considerably among cows. Phenotypic correlations showed that isoforms phosphorylated at higher degrees (αs1-CN-9P and αs2-CN-12P to -14P) correlated negatively with isoforms phosphorylated at lower degrees (αs1-CN-8P, αs2-CN-10P, and -11P). Furthermore, it was shown that αs1- and αs2-CN phosphorylation profiles changed across parity and lactation, and exploitable genetic variation for the phosphorylation degrees of αs1- and αs2-CN (defined as the proportion of higher-degree isoforms in αs1- and αs2-CN, respectively) exists in FM. In DHF, three αs2-CN isoforms, namely αs2-CN-10P to -12P, and the phosphorylation degrees of αs1- and αs2-CN were quantified. High intra-herd heritabilities were estimated for individual αs2-CN phosphorylation isoforms and the phosphorylation degrees of αs1- and αs2-CN (ranging from 0.54 to 0.89). This suggests that genetic factors contribute substantially to observed differences in αs1- and αs2-CN phosphorylation profiles. The correlation between the phosphorylation degrees of αs1- and αs2-CN was 0.94. Additionally, a total of 10 regions, distributed across Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) 1, 2, 6, 9, 11, 14, 15, 18, 24 and 28, were detected to be associated with individual αs1- and αs2-CN phosphorylation isoforms and their phosphorylation degrees in DHF. Regions on BTA1, 6, 11 and 14 were associated with multiple traits studied. Two quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions were detected on BTA1: one affecting αs2-CN production, and the other affecting αs1-CN PD and αs2-CN PD. The QTL region on BTA6 affected only individual αs2-CN isoforms. The QTL region on BTA11 and 14 affected relative concentrations of αs2-CN-10P and αs2-CN-11P, αs1-CN PD and αs2-CN PD. Results suggested that effects of identified genomic regions on αs1-CN PD and αs2-CN PD are probably due to changes in milk synthesis and phosphorus secretion in milk. Finally, differences among studies due to factors such as analytical methods, trait definitions, and breed on genetic parameters and correlations are discussed using the two dataset from this thesis. It is concluded that differences in heritability estimates for αs1-CN-8P and -9P, αs2-CN-10P, -11P and -12P, and αs1-CN PD between FM and DHF were mainly due to genetic differences between breeds. As for αs2-CN PD, it was defined differently in FM and DHF due to analytical methods used. It is shown that both trait definitions successfully quantified the proportion of isoforms with higher degrees of phosphorylation because of similar estimated correlations using both definitions on the FM dataset. Additionally, it is hypothesized that a two-casein-kinase system is involved in the phosphorylation of αs1- and αs2-CN based on results in this thesis
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Du, Hongwen. "Microstructural Changes in Casein Micelles during Acidification of Skim Milk." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5408.
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Pasteurized skim milk was acidified using glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) at 10, 20, 30, and 40°C or with 1.2% freeze-dried yogurt starter culture at 40°C. Milk coagulation was followed by measuring turbidity, curd firmness, particle size, and casein micelle microstructural changes using transmission electron microscopy .
The pH of milk was gradually lowered during acidification with GDL or starter culture. Acidification rate showed greater influence on turbidity change at 10°C than at 20, 30, or 40°C.
Average casein micelle size increased with decreasing temperature. The patterns of average micelle size versus pH were not affected by temperature. No great variation of average micelle size was observed above pH 5.2. Below pH 5.0 the size increased exponentially as the milk gelled. Acidification rate did not influence average micelle size at 10°C. Acidification rate, types of acidifying agents, and temperature had no effect on the Formagraph gelation pH and the rate at which curd firmness developed.
Casein micelles became less compact and less distinct with decreasing temperature before acidification. As pH was lowered, protein was dissociated from and then reassociated with casein micelles. Acidification rate had no effect on microstructure change of casein micelles at 10°C.
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Becerril, Diez Azucena. "Influence of chelating agents on proteolysis of micellar casein slurries." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1635.
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ABSTRACT
Influence of chelating agents on proteolysis
of micellar casein slurries
Azucena Becerril Díez
The focus of this research was to analyze the effect of Ca chelators on the proteolytic activity of rennet during ripening of a micellar casein slurry. This research was divided in two phases. During the first phase, preliminary studies were performed to understand the behavior of rennet and the milk system in the presence of chelating agents. A solution of reconstituted skim milk at 10% (w/v) was prepared. Individual samples of this solution were divided in two study groups, samples with chelators and rennet and samples with only chelators. Two different chelators were used, sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP or NaHMP) at concentration levels of 2.5 and 10 mM; and sodium citrate (SC) at concentration levels of 5 and 25 mM. These samples were incubated in a water bath at 32°C to measure coagulation time (CT) and Urea-PAGE electrophoresis was performed to identify presence of caseins and smaller peptides. For the second experiment, micellar casein slurries were prepared with a 25% protein content to simulate protein content in cheese. Samples were classified in two study groups, samples with chelators and rennet and samples with only chelators. Percentage of water soluble nitrogen analysis (%WSN) was performed following Kjeldahl procedures to measure the break down of caseins into free soluble nitrogen and Urea-PAGE electrophoresis was used to measure the appearance of smaller peptides due to protein break down. Bands with a higher density on electrophoretic gels were an indication of a higher concentration of peptides due to possible increased exposure of caseins to proteolysis. For the second phase, samples with the 2 most significant chelator levels were selected to add a protease and measure with the same tests if there was a higher rate of proteolysis. The data showed no particular trend or significant difference between treatments (p>0.05) for the %WSN test while some treatments showed a significant effect in samples treated for Urea-PAGE gels. In the Urea-PAGE analysis a different ANOVA was conducted on the percentage of alpha, beta, and gamma caseins for treatments before and after the incubation period separately and for the difference between both periods. These ANOVAs showed that the percentage difference in each casein before and after incubation was affected by the choice and level of chelator, and that these effects were modified by the presence or absence of rennet (p<0.001).
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Chevalier, Elodie. "Développement et caractérisation de matériaux antimicrobiens extrudés à base de caséines : mise au point d'étiquettes bio-résistantes pour l'optimisation de la traçabilité en fromagerie." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES042/document.
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Une triple attente socio-économique dans les domaines du développement durable (réduction des matières synthétiques non biodégradables), des solutions naturelles de conservation des aliments (tendance du « clean label » par la protection des denrées par des emballages actifs et intelligents évitant des additifs à outrance dans les aliments) et de la sécurité alimentaire (sécurité microbiologique et traçabilité) est à l’origine du développement de nouveaux matériaux à la fois biodégradables, comestibles et fonctionnalisés. Cette recherche commencée quelques décennies plus tôt est freinée par un mode de production difficilement industrialisable (voie solvant). Cependant, depuis quelques années des procédés applicables à l’échelle industrielle sont développées (voie fondue/extrusion). Dans le travail présenté ici, la technologie d’extrusion bivis a été appliquée avec succès sur différentes matières premières protéiques : la caséine acide, la caséine présure et le caséinate de sodium. Extraites toutes trois du lait de vache, ces caséines montrent des caractéristiques différentes qui affectent les propriétés du matériau (mécaniques, sensibilité aux molécules d’eau). La fonctionnalisation de la matrice par l’ajout d’acides organiques offre un potentiel antimicrobien intéressant contre Escherichia coli. Une complexation supplémentaire du matériau par incorporation de molécules hydrophobes telles que des cires (cires d’abeille, de candelilla et de carnauba) permet d’élargir une fois de plus l’éventail des propriétés disponibles pour ces matériaux composites, comme l’amélioration de la propriété barrière à la vapeur d’eau apportée par la cire d’abeille. La sensibilité aux molécules d’eau de ce type de matériau étant un critère à considérer à chaque étape de développement et de compréhension des interactions inter-ingrédients (protéine, plastifiant, cires, composés antimicrobiens). Ce manuscrit expose le potentiel de développement de matériaux à base de caséine, biodégradables, comestibles et antimicrobiens, qu’il s’agit d’appliquer en emballage agroalimentaire tout comme dans bien d’autres secteurs<br>Development of innovative biodegradable, edible and functionalized material comes from a triple socio-economic expectation in the field of sustainable development (decrease in synthetic non-biodegradable polymers), of natural solutions for food preservation (trend of “clean label” by food protection through active and smart packaging to avoid over-use of food additives) and of food safety (microbiological safety and traceability). Development in that field, started few decades ago is slowed down by production process (wet process), which is not an easy scale up process. However, a few years ago industrial process technique as extrusion started developing. In the present work, the twin-screw extrusion process was successfully applied to produce polymer based on protein raw material: acid casein, rennet casein and sodium caseinate. Extracted from caw milk, these three caseins own different characteristics, which affect material properties (mechanical, water sensitive properties). Matrix functionalization through organic acid addition bring an interesting antimicrobial response against Escherichia coli. Blending hydrophobic molecules as waxes (beeswax, candelilla wax and carnauba wax) creates a complex composite material which increases the range of available properties as improved water vapor barrier allowed by beeswax addition. Water sensitive properties are key points to consider at each step of material development and to understand relationships between the different ingredients (protein, plasticizer, waxes, antimicrobial agents). This manuscript shows the feasibility in the development of casein based material as biodegradable, edible and antimicrobial material, to apply and use in the food packaging industry or other industries
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Qian, Xi. "Regulation of β-Casein Gene Expression by Octamer Transcription Factors and Utilization of β-Casein Gene Promoter to Produce Recombinant Human Proinsulin in the Transgenic Milk". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/316.
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β-Casein is a major milk protein, which is synthesized in mammary alveolar secretory epithelial cells (MECs) upon the stimulation of lactogenic hormones, mainly prolactin and glucocorticoids (HP). Previous studies revealed that the proximal promoter (-258 bp to +7 bp) of the β-casein gene is sufficient for induction of the promoter activity by HP. This proximal region contains the binding sites for the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and octamer transcription factors (Oct). STAT5 and GR are essential downstream mediators of prolactin and glucocorticoid signaling, respectively. This study investigated the functions of Oct-1 and Oct-2 in HP induction of β-casein gene expression. By transiently transfection experiment, we showed that individual overexpression of Oct-1 and Oct-2 further enhanced HP-induced β-casein promoter activity, respectively, while Oct-1 and Oct-2 knockdown significantly inhibited the HP-induced β-casein promoter activity, respectively. HP rapidly induced the binding of both Oct-1 and Oct-2 to the β-casein promoter, and this induction was not mediated by either increasing their expression or inducing their translocation to the nucleus. In MECs, Oct-2 was found to physically interact with Oct-1 regardless of HP treatment. However, HP induced physical interactions of Oct-1 or Oct-2 with both STAT5 and GR. Although the interaction between Oct-1 and Oct-2 did not synergistically stimulate HP-induced β-casein gene promoter activity, the synergistic effect was observed for the interactions of Oct-1 or Oct-2 with STAT5 and GR. The interactions of Oct-1 with STAT5 and GR enhanced or stabilized the binding of STAT5 and GR to the promoter. Abolishing the interaction between Oct-1 and STAT5 significantly reduced the hormonal induction of β-casein gene transcription. Thus, our study indicates that HP activate β-casein gene expression by inducing the physical interactions of Oct-1 and Oct-2 with STAT5 and GR in mouse MECs.
There is a high and increasing demand for insulin because of the rapid increase in diabetes incidence worldwide. However, the current manufacturing capacities can barely meet the increasing global demand for insulin, and the cost of insulin production keeps rising. The mammary glands of dairy animals have been regarded as ideal bioreactors for mass production of therapeutically important human proteins. We tested the feasibility of producing human proinsulin in the milk of transgenic mice. In this study, four lines of transgenic mice were generated to harbor the human insulin gene driven by the goat β-casein gene promoter. The recombinant human proinsulin was detected in the milk by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The highest expression level of human proinsulin was as high as 8.1 μg/µl in milk of transgenic mice at mid-lactation. The expression of the transgene was only detected in the mammary gland during lactation. The transgene expression profile throughout lactation resembled the milk yield curve, with higher expression level at middle lactation and lower expression level at early and late lactation. The blood glucose and insulin levels and major milk compositions of transgenic mice were not changed. The mature insulin derived from the milk proinsulin retained biological activity. Thus, our study indicates that it is practical to produce high levels of human proinsulin in the milk of dairy animals, such as dairy cattle and goat.
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Gonçalves, Barbosa da Silva Mirtes. "Avaliação toxicológica pré-clínica do extrato seco de Cassia occidentalis L. (CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3269.
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Cassia occidentalis L. (Leguminosae) popularmente conhecida como fedegoso é geralmente
encontrada em regiões de florestas e em outras áreas tropicais ao redor do mundo. Na
medicina tradicional, raízes, folhas e caules são usados como laxante, antiinflamatório,
analgésico, antipirético, diurético, hepatoprotetor, vermicida e abortivo. Baseado
principalmente no largo uso popular, a Cassia occidentalis é comercializada por alguns
laboratórios farmacêuticos entre eles o Laboratório Pernambucano Ltda. (LAPERLI) com o
nome comercial de CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®. O fitoterápico CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®, preparado
a partir de caules e folhas de Cassia occidentalis (CO), tem sido indicado para o tratamento de
gripes, febres, úlceras varicosas e erisipelas. Apesar do amplo uso desta espécie, poucos são
os trabalhos disponíveis na literatura sobre seu potencial toxicológico. A maioria dos estudos
toxicológicos utilizando Cassia occidentalis, refere-se à toxicidade de suas sementes. Neste
sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a segurança da administração oral do extrato seco
de caules e folhas de Cassia occidentalis (CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®) em ratos Wistar de ambos
os sexos. Para isto, foram realizados testes de toxicidade aguda nas doses de 0.625 a 5.0 g/kg,
de toxicidade subcrônica e de toxicidade reprodutiva nas doses de 0.10, 0.50 e 2.5 g/kg/dia.
Os resultados demonstraram que, nos estudos de toxicidade aguda, CO não produziu morte ou
sinais de toxicidade em doses de até 5.0 g/kg. A administração por 30 dias de CO não alterou
os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos dos animais tratados, que se mantiveram dentro
dos valores de referência para espécie. Entretanto, foi constatada uma discreta diarréia durante
o período de tratamento. Não foram observadas alterações significativas na massa corporal
nem no consumo de água e ração. Também não foram registradas alterações significativas nas
massas, absoluta e relativa, e nem na morfologia macroscópica externa ou microscópica dos
principais órgãos. Nos estudos que avaliaram a capacidade reprodutiva em machos, o
tratamento durante 60 dias com CO não produziu efeitos tóxicos sobre os parâmetros
reprodutivos ou sobre os conceptos. Além disso, não houve alteração significativa nas massas
dos órgãos reprodutivos (epidídimo, vesícula seminal, ducto deferente, testículos, próstata)
nem no número de espermatozóides. Desta forma, conclui-se que extrato seco de caules e
folhas de Cassia occidentalis (CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®) é seguro por via oral, uma vez que
apresentou baixa toxicidade aguda e subcrônica e não interferiu na capacidade reprodutiva
dos ratos Wistar
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Böhm, Anke. "Untersuchungen zur Proteolyse von para-k-Casein: vom Modell zum Käse." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1055498240843-26828.
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Para-k-Casein entsteht durch Hydrolyse des kappa-Caseins nach Zugabe proteolytischer Enzyme zur Milch. Untersuchungen an selbst erstellten Modellen unter Bedingungen, die die Käsereifung simulieren, zeigen, dass die Proteolyse des für die Käsereifung bedeutenden para-k-Caseins stark vom Wassergehalt abhängt. Mit Hilfe geeigneter Methoden (SDS-Elektrophorese, IEF, GPC, RP-HPLC, ESI-MS u.a.) konnte der Abbau des para-k-Caseins durch die industriell relevanten Milchgerinnungsenzyme Chymosin, Fromase und Suparen bei unterschiedlichem Wasserangebot verfolgt werden. Para-k-Casein wird bei einem käseüblichen Wassergehalt von 60 % innerhalb von 15 Wochen über wenig höhermolekulare Spaltprodukte überwiegend zu Peptiden mit Molmassen im Bereich von 400-1400 Da abgebaut. Wie elektrophoretische Untersuchungen zeigen, wird para-k-Casein auch im Sauermilchkäse abgebaut. Allerdings ist die Detektion der in sehr geringer Menge entstandenen Hydrolyseprodukte problematisch<br>K-casein is one of the original casein components in milk. Model-experiments under cheese ripening conditions demonstrate the hydrolysis of para-k-Casein, which is the hydrophobic part of kappa-casein, by rennet and rennet substitutes fromase and suparen. Different water contents influences the dimension of hydrolysis of para-k-Casein. A water content of 60 % usual found in cheese results in a great number of hydrolysis products from para-k-Casein with molecular weights between 400-1400 Da. The hydrolyses was investigated for a time period of 15 weeks by several analytical methods (i.e RP-HPLC, ESI-MS, electrophoretic methods, and others). Investigations by electrophoresis of the ripening process of acid curd cheese demonstrated that para-k-Casein is also hydrolysed in this type of cheese, but the detection is quite difficult