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1
Wulandari, Nita, Sukanto Sukanto, and Endang Widyastuti. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MIKROBA EFEKTIF PRODUKTIF PLUS (MEP+) PADA MEDIUM BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA YANG DIBERI PAKAN FERMENTATIF TERHADAP KEPADATAN BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT." Scripta Biologica 1, no. 1 (2014): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.1.27.
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Microbes Effective Productive Plus (MEP+) in fish culture has role as probiotics and decomposer. Application of MEP+ is done by adding MEP+ on culture medium of Tilapia and fish feed. Fish feed is fermentative feed with addition of different concentration of cassava peel flour. The aim of this research were to find out the influence of MEP+ administration in culture medium and in fermentative feed with addition cassava peel flour on the increasing density of lactic acid bacteria in culture medium and find out the highest density of lactic acid bacteria. The research was done experimentally, used Complete Randomized Design with treatment of MEP+ administration in culture medium with fermentative feed cassava peel flour addition of 25%, 50%, 75% and without MEP+ administration on culture medium with fermentative feed cassava peel flour addition of 25%. The data obtained were analyzed using a variety analysis. The result showed that MEP+ administration on culture medium and in fermentative feed cassava peel flour addition did not influence the increasing density of lactic acid bacteria and total density of lactic acid bacteria in culture medium was not different inter treatment.
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Nwokoro, Ogbonnaya. "Production of L-lactic acid from Cassava peel wastes using single and mixed cultures of Rhizopus oligosporus and Lactobacillus plantarum." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 20, no. 4 (2014): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq130325027n.
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Production of L-lactic acid using cultures of Rhizopus oligosporus and Lactobacillus plantarum was investigated. Cassava peels were hydrolyzed by boiling for 1 h in either NaOH or HCl solutions followed by neutralization to a pH of 6.2. Reducing sugar produced from the hydrolysates increased with increasing concentrations of alkali or acid. Samples hydrolyzed with HCl produced a maximum reducing sugar concentration of 402 mg/g substrate while alkali hydrolyzed samples produced a maximum reducing sugar concentration of 213 mg/g substrate. Hydrolysates were amended with 0.5% ammonium sulphate solution and inoculated with either single or mixed cultures of Rhizopus oligosporus and Lactobacillus plantarum and incubated for 48 h for lactic acid production. The best lactic acid production of 50.2 g/100g substrate was observed in a mixed culture fermentation of acid hydrolyzed peels. Mixed culture fermentation of alkali hydrolyzed peels produced a maximum lactic acid concentration of 36.4 g/100g substrate. Un hydrolyzed cassava peels inoculated with a mixed culture of the microorganisms produced only 4.6 g/100g substrate. This work reports an efficient use of cassava peels for bio-product formation through microbial fermentation.
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Jayus, Jay, Ahmad Nafi', and Anis Shabrina Hanifa. "DEGRADASI KOMPONEN SELULOSA, HEMISELULOSA, DAN PATI TEPUNG KULIT UBI KAYU MENJADI GULA REDUKSI OLEH Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, DAN Acremonium sp. IMI 383068." JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI 13, no. 01 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/j-agt.v13i01.7868.
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As the solid waste produced from cassava processing industry such as tapioca factory or its derivatives, the cassava peel is potential to be use as a source of reducing sugar through hydrolysis process, since the peels contains a high amount of starch and lignocellulose components. The more environmentally friendly enzymatic hydrolysis using several microorganisms will be introduced in this study as an alternative to avoid the unsafe acid hydrolysis. However, the hydrolysis process using a single microorganism is not efficient since the hydrolytic enzyme produced is limited to a single enzyme, while the component in the cassava peels to be hydrolyzed is diverse which include cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and starch. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the hydrolysis process by combining several microorganisms (A. niger, T. viride and Acremonium sp. IMI 383068) which produced different specificity of hydrolytic enzyme depending on the substrate available in the cassava peels. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of single and mixed culture on the amount of reducing sugar released during the simultaneous cultivation. The result showed that the use of simultaneous mixed cultures during hydrolysis process was able to produce higher reducing sugar compare to that of single culture. The hydrolysis of cassava flour using a single strain of A. niger, T. viride and Acremonium sp. IMI 383068 respectively produced 4.86 g/L, 4.02 g/L, and 1.68 g/L of reducing sugar, while the hydrolysis of it using simultaneous mixed cultures of A. niger, T. viride, and Acremonium sp. IMI 383068 produced 7.23 g/L of reducing sugar.
 Keywords: cassava peels, hydrolysis, reducing sugar
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Freire, Ana L., Sonia Zapata, Juan Mosquera, Maria Lorena Mejia, and Gabriel Trueba. "Bacteria associated with human saliva are major microbial components of Ecuadorian indigenous beers (chicha)." PeerJ 4 (April 28, 2016): e1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1962.
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Indigenous beers (chicha) are part of the indigenous culture in Ecuador. The fermentation process of these beers probably relies on microorganisms from fermented substrates, environment and human microbiota. We analyzed the microbiota of artisanal beers (including a type of beer produced after chewing boiled cassava) using bacterial culture and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene-based tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). Surprisingly, we found thatStreptococcus salivariusandStreptococcus mutans(part of the human oral microbiota) were among the most abundant bacteria in chewed cassava and in non-chewed cassava beers. We also demonstrated thatS. salivariusandS. mutans(isolated from these beers) could proliferate in cassava mush.Lactobacillussp. was predominantly present in most types of Ecuadorianchicha.
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Barata, Henrique da Silva, Victória Carolline do Moraes Gatti, Claudete Rosa da Silva, et al. "The importance of agro-economic characteristics for minimal cassava processing: A review." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 7 (2021): e57110716904. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16904.
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a crop of extreme economic and agronomic value because it has several varieties, it is highly nutritious and extremely important in the food industry in the generation of products for human consumption. The objective of the present study was to characterize the culture of cassava by means of its peculiarities, potential of the product called minimally processed cassava, to describe the methods used in the generation of this product to understand the dynamics of consumption of this product. Because it is a relatively easy crop and has low nutritional requirements, cassava is grown in most of the national territory, with a growing increase in production every year. The products generated from cassava are appreciated and sold in the national and international territory, the minimally processed cassava is among the products generated by this culture, of great economic value and of great acceptance in the consumer market. The work was carried out by means of a bibliographic survey that address relevant issues about cassava and generated products, mainly minimally processed table cassava to provide an assembled and relevant knowledge to the scientific community in agri-food technologies.
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Yuwa-Amornpitak, Thalisa, and Pa-Nga Yeunyaw. "Comparative Study of Ethanol Production from Cassava Pulp by a Mixed Culture of Amylomyces Rouxii with Zygosaccharomyces Pseudorouxii and Zymomonas Mobilis." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 12, no. 1 (2019): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1628.
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In order to develop a procedure for production bioethanol from cassava pulp, mixed culture of Amylomyces rouxii TISTR 3667 with Zygosaccharomyces pseudorouxii TISTR 5966 or Zymomonas mobilis TISTR 550 and cellulase were evaluated. The parameters such as pH, cellulase, and cassava pulp concentration that influence on the amount of fermentable sugar were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Ethanol production was observed and compared to the predicted value that was calculated from the models. The models were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation. They were used to predict ethanol concentration from the use of the mixed culture of A. rouxii TISTR 3667 and Z. mobilis TISTR 550 (G2) that was higher than the amount produced using the mixed culture of A. rouxii TISTR 3667 and Zygosaccharomyces pseudorouxii TISTR 5966 (G1). The following optimum parameters were obtained: pH 6, 20% cassava pulp, and 1% cellulase for G2; and pH 4, 20% cassava pulp, and 0.55% cellulase for G1. The effect of cellulase on ethanol production, a comparative study was conducted in the fermenter by using mixed culture of A. rouxii TISTR 3667 and Z. mobilis TISTR 550. It was showed that more 15% ethanol was gained from 10% cassava pulp with 0.5% cellulase (25 g/l ethanol) compared to the system without cellulase (20 g/l). Mathematically model (equation 4) predicted the ethanol in this system near the actual value of 26.87 g/l. This study indicated that RSM is a powerful tool for optimization fermentation process by using mixed culture including cellulase. Besides these cellulase also reduced viscosity of the cassava medium and enhanced ethanol production. However this process should be more continue to study.
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Meilawaty, Zahara, Agustin Wulan Suci Dharmayanti, and Dinar Prafitasari. "The effect of cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf extract on COX-2 expression in the neutrophil cell culture exposed to the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli (in-vitro study)." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 31, no. 1 (2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol31no1.16950.
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Introduction: Neutrophils are cells which played an initial role in the inflammation area and can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Activated neutrophils will secrete the COX-2 enzyme which is involved in arachidonic acid synthesis to produce inflammatory mediators. However, excessive inflammation can cause tissue destruction; thus, the body needs anti-inflammation agents. Cassava leaf contains biochemical component which has an anti-inflammation effect. This study was aimed to determine the expression of COX-2 in neutrophils administered with cassava leaf extract and the LPS of E. coli. Methods: This study was experimental laboratories (in vitro study) using human neutrophil cells culture. The samples of this study were divided into 4 groups, administered with 12.5% cassava leaf extract (T1); 25% cassava leaf extract (T2); control group which contained only neutrophils cells (C1); and control group contained neutrophils and LPS (C2). Human neutrophil cells culture was incubated in the 12.5% and 25% cassava leaf extract before exposed with the LPS of E. coli. COX-2 expression was observed with immunochemistry methods. Results: The COX-2 expression in the 12.5% cassava leaf extract group was significantly higher than the 25% cassava leaf extract group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cassava leaf extract can inhibit the COX-2 expression and can be used as an alternative anti-inflammation agent.Keywords: Anti-inflammation, cassava leaf extract, COX-2 expression, neutrophils.
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Ogbonnaya, Nwokoro, Florence O. Anya, and Ikechukwu C. Eze. "The use of microorganisms in increasing the protein yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peel wastes." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 15, no. 2 (2013): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2013-0032.
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Growth and microbial protein production on hydrolyzed cassava peel waste by Trichoderma viride and Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B-763 were investigated. Trichoderma viride was selected based on its high cellulase activity on filter paper (2.91 mg glucose/mL), cotton wool (3.08 mg glucose/mL) and carboxymethylcellulose (3.46 mg glucose/ mL) while Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B-763 produced 5.84 mg protein/g in cassava peel after 72 h. Samples of cassava peel were hydrolyzed with the solutions of HCl, H2SO4 and NaOH at 0.5% concentration. The hydrolysate was neutralized to pH 6.5 and supplemented with KH2PO4 (5% w/v), urea (2.7% w/v) and (NH4)2SO4 (9% w/v). The hydrolysates produced by the solutions of HCl contained higher reducing sugar and soluble sugar content than H2SO4 and NaOH hydrolysates. The culture of Trichoderma viride was used in single culture fermentation of hydrolyzed cassava peels or in mixed culture fermentation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B-763. Protein yield produced in 0.5% HCl hydrolysates was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher than that in H2SO4. The unhydrolyzed control samples produced the lowest protein. This study demonstrated the potential of cassava peel waste as a substrate for a recycling process and by- product recovery.
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Imelda, Reza Afri, Marry Siti Mariam, and Mieke Hemiawati Satari. "Effect of cassava (Manihot esculenta cranzt), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) water extract to decrease pH phase fermentation of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 31, no. 1 (2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol31no1.21156.
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Introduction: Dental caries is the localised damage of the hard tooth tissue caused by acid production results of carbohydrate fermentation by acid-producing bacteria. Streptococcus mutans are one of the aetiological bacteria which fermented carbohydrate causes a decrease in the oral pH. Carbohydrate is generally consumed, included cassava, rice, and potato. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of the water extract of rice, cassava, and potato in decreasing the pH of Streptococcus mutans culture to know their potential in causing caries and also determined decreasing differences between three water extracts. Methods: The experimental method was used in cultured Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and tested against the treated rice, cassava, and potato water extract. Cultured bacteria were incubated for 48 hours in facultative anaerobes then measured the pH with a digital pH meter. The measurement result was statistically tested with the paired t-test and ANOVA. Results: The paired t-test (α = 0.05) showed that the p-value of rice, cassava, and potato water extract were 0.001, 0.001, and 0.018 respectively. ANOVA test with an α value of 0.05 showed the p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: There was a decrease in pH of cultured Streptococcus mutans after administration of the water extract of cassava, rice, and potato, and there was a difference between the pH decrease of the Streptococcus mutans between administration of water extract of rice, cassava, and potato. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, Manihot esculentacrantz, Oryza sativa L., Solanum tuberosum, pH phase fermentation
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Yao, Yuan, Yi Min, Meng Ting Geng, et al. "The Effects of Calcium on the In Vitro Cassava Storage Root Formation." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4529.
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Calcium can affect in vitro cassava storage roots formation and starch accumulation. Low concentration of calcium stimulates to induce in vitro cassava storage roots formation and the accumulation of starches. With the addition of calcium concentration, the diameter of the in vitro cassava storage roots was increased, but the induction rate and starch content was decreased. The scanning electron microscope observations SC124 in vitro cassava storage roots starch and field cultivation of cassava root starch, starch grains formed by these two different ways is very similar in size and shape. Our findings show that, apply tissue culture techniques to study the cassava starch synthesis mechanism is feasible.
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Golle, Diego Pascoal, Jana Koefender, Roberta Cattaneo Horn, Natália Piuco, Cristiane Kaiper, and Juliane Nicolodi Camera. "Temporary Immersion Bioreactors: Establishment of Cassava." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 4 (2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p176.
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz-Euphorbiaceae) is one of the most important crops for world agriculture. It is the main source of many family&rsquo;s calorie intake and contributes toward food security. Its cultivation is necessitated sterile vegetative propagules with essential physiological and genetic quality, which can be obtained by plant tissue culture techniques. However, the maintenance of in vitro propagation processes requires automation, making large-scale production feasible. This work aimed at developing protocols for the establishment of cassava cultivation in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIBs). Two nutrient media (MS medium reduced to half-strength of the salt concentration and the same formulation plus 4,43&micro;M of 6-Benzylaminopurine [BAP]) and different culture cycles were evaluated in Bioreactors (15 minutes of immersion and 4 hours of stationary phase [15M4H]; 15 minutes of immersion and 8 hours of stationary phase [15M8H]). The establishment of culture in bioreactors was promising. Based on our results, the use of MS medium without growth regulators was more effective for shoot formation; there were differences in the 15M4H cycle when growth regulators were used. However, the 15M8H cycle had better performance in both treatments: with or without growth regulators. The use of culture medium without BAP led to better rooting; calli formation increased when BAP was used. The present research investigation indicated the use of MS medium reduced to half- strength the salt concentration without the presence of growth regulator and the use of the culture cycle constituted by 15 minutes immersion and 8-hour intervals in stationary phase was effective for Cassava cultivation in TIBs.
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ESCOBAR, R. H., C. M. HERN ANDEZ, N. LARRAHONDO, et al. "TISSUE CULTURE FOR FARMERS: PARTICIPATORY ADAPTATION OF LOW-INPUT CASSAVA PROPAGATION IN COLOMBIA." Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 1 (2006): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447970500311x.
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The lack of good quality planting material of farmers' cassava varieties, produced locally and at low cost, is a major constraint limiting the expansion of cassava production in Colombia. This article describes the adaptation of conventional cassava propagation to a low-input scheme for rural tissue-culture multiplication, developed and run by small, resource-poor farmers (referred in this article as an informalfarmers' seed production system). Developed through a two-phase participatory process by a group of women farmers, a non-governmental organization and International Center for Tropical Agriculture scientists in a farmers' community in the hillsides of southern Colombia, the project resulted in alternative, economical and readily available sources of tissue-culture material and equipment. Rates of multiplication achieved with the system were as high as with conventional tissue-culture procedures.
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H.O., Onyemaechi, Obehi V.O., and Felix O. "Screening of Fungal Endophytes for their Biocontrol Potential against Rhizopus sp. Isolated from Diseased Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)." African Journal of Biology and Medical Research 4, no. 2 (2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajbmr/dvesyirz.
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The aim of this study was to screen for the bio-control potential of fungal endophytes isolated from cassava against a test pathogen of cassava. Fungal endophytes and pathogen were isolated and identified from healthy and diseased cassava respectively. The isolated fungal endophytes were screened for their biocontrol potential against a test pathogen using the dual culture and culture filtrate assay. Fusarium sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Colletotrichum sp., yeast isolate 1 and 2 were the isolated fungal endophytes while the pathogen was Rhizopus sp. The effect of endophytes on the mycelia growth of Rhizopus sp. using the dual culture assay indicated that yeast isolate 1 & 2 and Colletotrichum sp. were effective in inhibiting the mycelia growth of the test pathogen while Fusarium sp. and Botryosphaeria sp. were not effective. The co-culture of yeast isolate 2 with the test pathogen gave the lowest mycelia growth (1.66a±0.09) at day 2. The effect of endophytic culture filtrate on the mycelia growth of Rhizopus sp. showed that Fusarium sp. gave the lowest mycelia growth in the three days observed. The findings from this study suggested that the test endophytes have biocontrol potential against Rhizopus sp. The biocontrol abilities of the test endophytes vary using the dual culture and culture filtrate assay.
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Santos, Érica Letícia Leal dos, Anne Karolyne da Silva, Thayla Morandi Ridolfi de Carvalho Curi, Edilson Costa, and Marçal Henrique Amici Jorge. "PRODUCTION OF 'FORMOSA' PAPAYA SEEDLINGS IN DIFFERENT PROTECTED ENVIRONMENTS AND ORGANIC SUBSTRATES." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 3, no. 2 (2016): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v3i2.1107.
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It is aimed to evaluate the effect of cattle manure, and ground crushed cassava branches based substrates in the growth of 'Formosa' papaya seedlings under different environmental conditions. Four protected environments were tested: greenhouse in arched, covered with polyethylene film with a thermo reflective screen underneath it; similar greenhouse but without the reflective screen; monofilament nursery with 50% shade screen and thermo reflective nursery with 50% shade screen. In the protected environments, seedlings were accomodated in polyethylene bags (15.0 x 25.0 cm) were filled with cattle manure, and ground cassava branches based substrates in the following proportions: 100% cassava branches; 80% cassava branches and 20% cattle manure; 60% cassava branches and 40% cattle manure; 40% cassava branches and 60% cattle manure; 20% cassava branches and 80% cattle manure and 100% cattle manure. Because there was no repetition of the culture environment, each one was considered as an experiment. The substrates with 80 and 100% cattle manure promoted better growth. The cassava branches alone is a poor substrate. The black screened and the thermo reflective proved to be the best environments.
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Zapata, Tatiana, Diana Marcela Galindo, Alba Rocío Corrales-Ducuara, and Iván Darío Ocampo-Ibáñez. "The Diversity of Culture-Dependent Gram-Negative Rhizobacteria Associated with Manihot esculenta Crantz Plants Subjected to Water-Deficit Stress." Diversity 13, no. 8 (2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080366.
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There is a lack of studies on the root-associated bacterial microbiome of cassava plants. The identification and characterization of rhizobacteria can contribute to understanding the adaptation of the agriculturally important crop plants to abiotic stress. Rhizobacteria play a significant role in plants, as they can alleviate the drought stress by various mechanisms that enhance the plant growth under these stressor conditions. In this study, Gram-negative bacterial strains from the plant rhizosphere of cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz CIAT MCOL1734 variety subjected to water deprivation were isolated, characterized according to their morphological properties, and then identified by VITEK® 2. An increase in the diversity, abundance, and species richness of Gram-negative rhizobacterial community was found in cassava plants subjected to water-deficit stress. In total, 58 rhizobacterial strains were isolated from cassava plants. The identification process found that the bacteria belonged to 12 genera: Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Buttiauxella, Cronobacter, Klebsiella, Ochrobactrum, Pluralibacter, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia, and Sphingomonas. Interestingly, Pseudomonas luteola and Ocrhobactrum anthropi were rhizobacteria isolated exclusively from plants submitted to drought conditions. The cassava roots constitute a great reservoir of Gram-negative bacteria with a remarkable potential for biotechnological application to improve the drought tolerance of plant crops under water-deficit conditions.
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Kasule, F., P. Wasswa, S. B. Mukasa, A. Okiror, and A. W. Mwang’ombe. "Effective isolation distance for prevention of cassava virus infections in Uganda." African Crop Science Journal 28, s1 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i1.1s.
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Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) are the major viral diseases of cassava in Uganda. Although isolation distance of “50 m” has been recommended by MAAIF in Uganda for prevention of virus infections in crops, the minimum isolation distance has not been verified for effectiveness in cassava. This study assessed the effective isolation distance for management of viral diseases in cassava. Virus-clean cassava cultivars (NASE 03, NASE 14 and NAROCASS 1) from farmers’ fields were used as field sourced (FS) planting materials. Tissue culture (TC) material of the same cultivars were sourced from the National Crops Resources Research Institute and Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute tissue culture laboratories. Both FS and TC materials were tested at isolation distances of 50, 100, 150 and 250 m for virus prevention. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design and was run for 12 months after planting (MAP). Mean CBSD/CMD prevalence significantly varied (P<0.05) among isolation distances in both FS and TC plants, and the 250 m isolation distance was the most effective in reducing disease prevalence. Across cultivars and planting material category at 12 MAP, the 50 m isolation distance had the highest foliar incidence for CBSD (29.2%) and CMD (16.1%); while severity for CBSD was 1.4 and 1.2 for CMD. At 250 m, all FS and TC plants had CBSD/CMD severity of 1.0 and 0% incidence. These results show that 250 m isolation distance can provide an option to disseminate popular, but CBSD/CMD susceptible cassava cultivars thereby manage CBSD/CMD.
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Rahman, Nurhamidar, Hani Fitriani, Nurhaidar Rahman, and N. Sri Hartati. "The Influence of Various Growth Regulators on Induction Organogenic Callus from Gajah and Kuning Cassava Genotype (Manihot esculenta Crantz)." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 22, no. 2 (2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v22i2.9305.
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Kuning and Gajah genotypes are two collections of cassava in the Biotechnology Research Center for Germplasm, LIPI with the advantages of each genotype are high beta carotene and high production. The multiplication in in vitro culture can be done one of them through organogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using 2,4-D; NAA and Kinetin are used singly for the formation of organogenesis of cassava in the Kuning Cassava and Gajah genotypes. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Modification of Plant Biosynthetic Pathways, Biteknologi Research Center, LIPI, Bogor since January - February 2018. The source of explants were young leaves and petiols from cassava plant culture in vitro genotypes of Gajah and Kuning yam which were three months old. in culture. The basic media used as a planting medium were Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with the addition of growth regulators (ZPT) singly, 2,4-D, NAA and Kinetin with two concentrations of ZPT each, 8 and 10 mg L- 1 This research was arranged based on a completely randomized design factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. All data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and if there is an influence then proceed with the DMRT test with an error rate of 5% using the SPSS program. The highest number of Kuning genotype cassava organogenic callus that developed into shoots on the medium added by ZPT was 2.4 D and kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Formation of the best organogenic callus in petiol explants in the media with the addition of a single 2,4-D and Kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Keywords: Cassava, growth regulators, organogenic.
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Aspiazú, I., T. Sediyama, J. I. Ribeiro Jr., et al. "Photosynthetic activity of cassava plants under weed competition." Planta Daninha 28, spe (2010): 963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582010000500004.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate characteristics associated with the photosynthetic activity of cassava plants under weed competition. The trial was carried out under field conditions, and experimental units consisted of 150 dm³ fiberglass boxes containing red yellow Latosol, previously corrected and fertilized. Treatments consisted in the cultivation of cassava plants which were free of weed competition and associated with three weed species: Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis or Brachiaria plantaginea. After manioc sprouting started, 15 days after being planted, weeds that had been sown when manioc was planted were thinned, there were then eight plants left per experimental unit in accordance with specified treatments: cassava free of competition, cassava competing with B. pilosa, cassava competing with C. benghalensis and cassava competing with B. plantaginea. Sixty days after crop emergence leaf internal CO2 concentration (Ci), leaf temperature at the time of evaluation (Tleaf) and photosynthetic rate (A) were evaluated, also the CO2 consumption rate (ΔC) of cassava plants was calculated. A correlation matrix between variables was also obtained. All characteristics associated with photosynthesis in cassava plants were influenced by weed species. Cassava was more affected by B. pilosa and B. plantaginea in which concerns its exposition to solar radiation and water, while C. benghalensis seems to mostly affect the composition of incident light on the culture, allowing cassava to anticipate imposition when competing, even before it reaches harmful levels.
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Benassi, Vivian Machado, Rosymar Coutinho de Lucas, Michele Michelin, João Atílio Jorge, Héctor Francisco Terenzi, and Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli. "Production and action of an Aspergillus phoenicis enzymatic pool using different carbon sources." Brazilian Journal of Food Technology 15, no. 3 (2012): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1981-67232012005000019.
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Aspergillus phoenicis is an interesting heat tolerant fungus that can synthesize enzymes with several applications in the food industry due to its great hydrolytic potential. In this work, the fungus produced high enzymatic levels when cultivated on inexpensive culture media consisting of flakes from different origins such as cassava flour, wheat fibre, crushed soybean, agro-industrial wastes, starch, glucose or maltose. Several enzymatic systems were produced from these carbon sources, but amylase was the most evident, followed by pectinase and xylanase. Traces of CMCases, avicelase, lipase, β-xylosidase, β-glucosidase and α-glucosidase activities were also detected. Amylases were produced on rye flakes, starch, oat flakes, corn flakes, cassava flour and wheat fibre. Significant amylolytic levels were produced in the culture medium with glucose or when this sugar was exhausted, suggesting an enzyme in the constitutive form. Cassava flour, rye, oats, barley and corn flakes were also used as substrates in the hydrolytic reactions, aiming to verify the liberation potential of reducing sugars. Corn flakes induced greater liberation of reducing sugars as compared to the others. Thin layer chromatography of the reaction end products showed that the hydrolysis of cassava flour liberated maltooligosaccharides, but cassava flour and corn, rye, oats and barley flakes were hydrolyzed to glucose. These results suggested the presence of glucoamylase and α-amylase as part of the enzymatic pool of A. phoencis.
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Permatasari, Amaliya Sita, Ima Winaningsih, and Jamal Adi Prasetiyo. "Inovasi Limbah Cair Singkong Menjadi Nata de Cassava Sebagai Bisnis Kuliner." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 5, no. 3 (2019): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.42397.
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Cellulose bacterial is cellulose formed by bacteria sugar content in waste. Cassava-based industrial liquid waste contains sugar (5-7)%, so it has the potential as a substrate because it meets the minimum glucose requirements of (6-7)% to form cellulose bacterial. The waste was obtained from liquid waste from home industry cassava rengginang in Nyamok Village. However, liquid waste smells bad because it is directly streamed into the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this activity is to give solutions for overcome environmental pollution and increase the income of cassava rengginang craftsmen in Nyamok Village. The methods are lectures, demonstrations, production training, assistance, and socialization. Liquid waste made from cassava chips was used as raw material for making nata de cassava. It was fermented with Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) bacteria for 10-14 days. Training activities were successful as 86% people participated in the training. The participants were around 40 years old and elementary school graduates. The characteristics of the participants influence their interest and ability to absorb new information. It is proved by 89% of the participants are able to make Nata de cassava and their understanding of the counseling material was above the target of 80%.Keywords: cassava rengginang; nata de cassava; production training; SCOBY.
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Ampe, Frédéric. "Design and Evaluation of a Lactobacillus manihotivorans Species-Specific rRNA-Targeted Hybridization Probe and Its Application to the Study of Sour Cassava Fermentation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 5 (2000): 2224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.5.2224-2226.2000.
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ABSTRACT Based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison, we have designed a 20-mer oligonucleotide that targets a region specific to the speciesLactobacillus manihotivorans recently isolated from sour cassava fermentation. The probe recognized the rRNA obtained from all the L. manihotivorans strains tested but did not recognize 56 strains of microorganisms from culture collections or directly isolated from sour cassava, including 29 species of lactic acid bacteria. This probe was then successfully used in quantitative RNA blots and demonstrated the importance of L. manihotivoransin the fermentation of sour cassava starch, which could represent up to 20% of total lactic acid bacteria.
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Nugroho, Candra Catur, Nurul Khumaida, and Dan Sintho Wahyuning Ardie. "Pertumbuhan Tunas Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Genotipe Jame-jame secara In Vitro." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 44, no. 1 (2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v44i1.12491.
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ABSTRACT<br /><br />The continuous supply of true-to-type seedling through in vitro technique is very important for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) as the demand for seedlings is increasing. The research consisted of two experiments and they were conducted from February 2013 to February 2014. The first experiment was in vitro shoot multiplication to evaluate the effect of culture medium and single node position on growth and shoot multiplication of cassava Jame-jame genotype. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and four replications. The first factor was culture medium (MS0 and MSB3) and the second factor was single node positions used as explant (basal, middle, and top section of the stem). The result showed that middle section of the stem cultured on MS0 medium had the highest shoot height, number of leaves, and number of nodes. The second experiment was the acclimatization to evaluate the effect of culture period on the success of the acclimatization. This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with culture period prior to acclimatization as treatment. The results showed that seedlings from period of 12 and 24 weeks after culture showed higher survival rates (80%) than seedling from period of 36 and 48 weeks after culture (50 and 40%). Culture period prior to acclimatization had no significant effect on plant height and number of leaves.<br /><br />Keywords: BAP, culture period, single node position, shoot multiplication
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Tokunaga, Hiroki, Nguyen Hai Anh, Nguyen Van Dong, et al. "An efficient method of propagating cassava plants using aeroponic culture." Journal of Crop Improvement 34, no. 1 (2019): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2019.1673271.
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Padmaja, G., Mathew George, and S. N. Moorthy. "Detoxification of cassava during fermentation with a mixed culture inoculum." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 63, no. 4 (1993): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740630415.
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Anthony, P., M. R. Davey, J. B. Power, and K. C. Lowe. "An improved protocol for the culture of cassava leaf protoplasts." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 42, no. 3 (1995): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00030004.
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Muku, Tony Muliele, Philippe Mampasi Mbungu, and Emmanuel Bambala Nkulukuta. "Effets de différents modes de labour sur le rendement et la rentabilité de la culture du manioc (Manihot esculanta Crantz) à M’vuazi, RD Congo." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 6 (2020): 2112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i6.14.
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Les connaissances sur les modes de labour sont nécessaires en vue d’identifier la méthode de labour appropriée pour améliorer le rendement des cultures dans une zone agro écologique spécifique. Cette étude visait à évaluer l’effet des modes de labour sur le rendement et la rentabilité de la culture du manioc (Manihot esculanta Crantz, cultivar “Mayombe”) à M’vuazi. Trois traitements à savoir : labour à plat ou contrôle (T0), labour en billon (T1) et labour en butte (T2) ont été comparés sous un dispositif expérimental en blocs complets randomisés avec 4 répétitions. A la récolte, le nombre des racines tubéreuses commerçables, le rendement en racines tubéreuses, le rendement en pulpe fraîche et le rendement en matière sèche ont été mesurés. L’analyse coût-bénéfice a été appliquée pour évaluer la rentabilité des modes de labour. Le nombre de racines tubéreuses par plante était de 8,7 sous T0, 8,9 sous T1 et 9,6 sous T2. Les traitements T0 et T2 ont donné 40 t ha-1 des racines tubéreuses contre 37,5 t ha-1 sous T1. Le T2 a donné le rendement en pulpe fraîche le plus élevé suivi de T0 et T1 tandis que le rendement en matière sèche était similaire dans tous les traitements. Toutefois, pour tous les paramètres mesurés, l’analyse statistique n’a pas révélé de différences significatives entre les traitements. L’analyse coût-bénéfice a révélé un manque à gagner de 288 pour T1 et 88 $US pour T2 par rapport à T0. Dans les conditions agro écologiques de cette étude, le labour en billon et en butte semblent donc être inopportuns mais nécessitent d’être évalués sur d’autres types de sols et des terrains accidentés.Mots clés : Travail du sol, manioc, rendement, analyse coût-bénéfice, M’vuazi.
 
 English Title: Effects of different tillage modes on yield and profitability of cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz) at M’vuazi in DR Congo
 The data on tillage modes are needed in order to identify appropriate tillage methods to improve crops yield in a specific agro ecological zone. Hence, three tillage modes including flat tillage (T0 or control), mound tillage (T1), and ridge tillage (T2) were compared as to their effects on cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz, “Mayombe” cultivar) yield and related-profitability at M’vuazi in DR Congo. Field layout design was the randomized complete block design with three above-mentioned treatments and four repetitions. Tillage in all treatments was done using a hand hoe. At harvest (11 months after planting), the number of marketable tubers per plant, cassava fresh tubers yield, cassava fresh flesh yield and cassava dry matter tubers yield were measured. Cost-benefit analysis was computed in order to evaluate the profitability of tillage modes types. Tillage modes do not significantly affect cassava yield and profitability. However, the number of marketable tubers per plant was slightly higher under T2 (9.7 roots plant-1 vs 8.7 on T0, and 8.9 on T1). T0 and T2 yielded 40 t ha-1 of cassava fresh tubers yield, and 37.5 t ha-1 on T1 treatment. Cassava fresh flesh yield decreased following this order: T2 (30.3 t ha-1) > T0 (29.1 t ha-1) > T1 (27.3 t ha-1), whereas cassava dry matter tubers yield was similar across treatments. Compared to T0 (control), cost-benefit analysis revealed a shortfall of 288 and 88 USD (US dollars) in T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. We conclude that mound (T1), and ridge (T2) tillages seem to be inappropriate to improve cassava yield in the study area, but need to be evaluated on others soil types and fields on slope.Keywords: Plowing, cassava, yield, cost-benefit analysis, M’vuazi
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Barros, Francisco Fábio Cavalcante, Ana Paula Resende Simiqueli, Cristiano José de Andrade, and Gláucia Maria Pastore. "Production of Enzymes from Agroindustrial Wastes by Biosurfactant-Producing Strains of Bacillus subtilis." Biotechnology Research International 2013 (February 26, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/103960.
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Bacteria in the genus Bacillus are the source of several enzymes of current industrial interest. Hydrolases, such as amylases, proteases, and lipases, are the main enzymes consumed worldwide and have applications in a wide range of products and industrial processes. Fermentation processes by Bacillus subtilis using cassava wastewater as a substrate are reported in the technical literature; however, the same combination of microorganisms and this culture medium is limited or nonexistent. In this paper, the amylase, protease, and lipase production of ten Bacillus subtilis strains previously identified as biosurfactant producers in cassava wastewater was evaluated. The LB1a and LB5a strains were selected for analysis using a synthetic medium and cassava wastewater and were identified as good enzyme producers, especially of amylases and proteases. In addition, the enzymatic activity results indicate that cassava wastewater was better than the synthetic medium for the induction of these enzymes.
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Hawashi, Mohamed, Tika Surya Ningsih, Sekar Bias Tri Cahyani, Kuswandi Tri Widjaja, and Setiyo Gunawan. "Optimization of the fermentation time and bacteria cell concentration in the starter culture for cyanide acid removal from wild cassava (Manihot glaziovii)." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815601004.
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Cassava is one of the most widespread starchy tuberous roots in Indonesia, being one of the typical plants used in the starch market. However, due to the high cyanide content (338.41 ppm), these roots become a poison if they are unsuitably processed. Therefore, a detoxification process is needed to reduce the cyanide level to the safe level for human consumption (10 ppm). This study was focused on (i) the investigation of the detoxification potential of fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on the cyanide level of wild cassava tubers (Manihot glaziovii) and (ii) the optimization of the fermentation time and bacteria cell number in the starter culture. The fermentation was performed for different periods of time (12, 24 and 36 h) and various initial bacteria cell number (7x1010, 7x1011, 1.05x1012, and 3.5x1012 L. plantarum cells). The results showed a significant decrease of the cyanide level, 97 % of cyanide degradation being noticed after 36 h of fermentation for an initial bacterial cell number of 3.5x1012 cells. Hence, the strong point of the study consists of a noteworthy reduction of the cyanide content in wild cassava in short periods, whereas the protein content was increased (from 1.5% to 3.5%) in Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF).
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Arnata, I. Wayan, Dwi Setyaningsih, and Nur Richana. "PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI HIDROLISAT ASAM TEPUNG UBI KAYU DENGAN KULTUR CAMPURAN Trichoderma viride dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ethanol Production From Acid Hydrolysate Cassava Flour with Mixed Culture Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae)." Jurnal Agritech 35, no. 04 (2015): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9323.
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The objective of this research was to produce bioethanol from acid hydrolysate cassava flour with mix cultured Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The hydrolysis of cassava flour to glucose was conducted by 0.4 M sulfuric acid using autoclave at 121°C, pressure at 1 atm for 10 min. The fermentation were performed in batch systemfor 96 hours in 30°C. Mixed culture of T. viride and S. cerevisiae in the fermentation process of acid hydrolysate carried out in two methode that is gradually and simultaneously. The results showed the acid hydrolyzate of cassava flour has a total sugar concentration of 38.93 ± 8.09% (w/v) and reducing sugar concentration of 22.04 ± 4.31% (w/v) . In thebioethanol production process shows that the bioethanol concentration 6.77 ± 1.23% (v/v), yield 27,97% (v/w) and fermentation effciency 59,01% of the theoretical value was achieved using gradually addition of mixed culture, while simultaneously addition of mixed culture was produced ethanol concentration 4.96 ± 0.39%(v/v), yield 19.85% (v/w)and fermentation effciency 62.72% of the theoretical value.Keywords: Bioethanol, cassava flour, acid hidrolysate, Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari hidrolisat asam tepung ubi kayu dengan menggunakan kultur campuran Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hidrolisis tepung ubi kayu untuk menghasilkan glukosa dilakukan dengan menggunakan H2SO4 0.4M, pada suhu 121°C, tekanan 1 atm selama 10 menit. Prosesfermentasi dilaksanakan secara batch selama 96 jam pada suhu 30°C. Pencampuran kultur T. viride dan S. cerevisiae pada proses fermentasi hidrolisat asam dilakukan dalam dua metode yaitu secara bertahap dan secara simultan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hidrolisat asam tepung ubi kayu mempunyai konsentrasi total gula 38,93 ± 8,09% (b/v) dankonsentrasi gula reduksi 22,04 ± 4,31% (b/v). Pada proses produksi bioetanol menunjukan bahwa dengan pencampuran kultur secara bertahap menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol 6,77 ± 1,23% (v/v), rendemen 27,97% (v/w) dan efisiensi fermentasi 59,01% dari perolehan bioetanol secara teoritis, sedangkan dengan pencampuran kultur secara simultan menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol 4,96 ± 0,39%(v/v), rendemen 19,85% (v/w) dan efisiensi fermentasi 62,72% dariperolehan bioetanol secara teoritis.Kata kunci: Bioetanol, tepung ubi kayu, hidrolisat asam, Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Silva, Jaqueline M., Patrícia R. Carnelossi, Taise Bijora, et al. "Immunocapture-RT-PCR detection of Cassava common mosaic virus in cassava obtained from meristem-tip culture in Paraná state." Tropical Plant Pathology 36, no. 5 (2011): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-56762011000500001.
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Dahlia, Mutiara, and Cucu Cahyana. "Developing Cassava Based Frozen Products to Increase Housewife’s Income in Benda Baru Village, South Tangerang." Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Madani (JPMM) 5, no. 1 (2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/10.21009/jpmm.005.1.04.
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Frozen snacks innovation is a food that is currently in trend and has a great opportunity to be developed. Referring to the Jakarta State University community service program 2020-2024 it is directed at 4 (four) focus activities, namely: Education; Public welfare; Art and culture; and Environment. Broadly speaking, the implementation of the PKM program is community empowerment in preparing PKM plans for the community in the form of product innovation originating from cassava tubers, thereby increasing culinary productivity through optimizing cassava tubers and can increase household income generating. The aim is to increase the community's ability to plan and manage the potential of cassava tubers as an effort to form a group of people who are economically independent and prosperous. Another goal is to stimulate the productivity of household culinary businesses that are widely cultivated by housewives in Benda Baru village, South Tangerang, especially in the current state of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this activity is the provision of material, direct practice, and assistance in making frozen snack products, namely french fries and cassava croquettes using cassava tubers as one of the variations of the local ingredients used.
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Chen, Qian Ling, Rui Jie Zhang, Ying Hui Wang, et al. "The Effect of Biofloc Technology on Nursery System of Litopenaeus vannamei." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.358.
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The cassava residue was selected as carbon source to study the effect of biofloc technique (BFT) on water quality control, growth performance and seedling emergence in a 40 L culture water of litopenaeus vannamei nursery culture system. The BFA groups included Graded level of C/N (15/1, 20/1 and 25/1) with three parallel samples, compared to the control groups. At the end of the feeding trial 15 days, 10.7%, 14.4% and 46.8% significantly decreased in NH4+-N concentration of the graded level of C/N (p<0.05); 80.2%, 96.0% and 96.2% distinctly decreased in NO2--N concentration (p<0.05); 81.4%, 57.8%, 151% obviously increased on seedling emergence (p<0.05) and 52.2%, 80.8%, 18.2% obviously increased on body weight (p<0.05). The present study elucidates that in the nursery system adding cassava residue as carbon source the culture water quality was evidently improved and heterotrophic bacterium, phytoplankton and zooplankton was also effectively obviously promoted.
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LEITE, MARIA CAMILA DE BARROS SILVA, ARTHUR PRUDÊNCIO DE ARAUJO PEREIRA, ADIJAILTON JOSÉ DE SOUZA, FERNANDO DINI ANDREOTE, FERNANDO JOSÉ FREIRE, and JÚLIA KUKLINSKY SOBRAL. "Bioprospection and genetic diversity of endophytic bacteria associated with cassava plant." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 2 (2018): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n207rc.
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ABSTRACT Cassava is mostly planted in sandy soils which are usually of low fertility, thereby making it necessary to perform beneficial associations with microorganisms that can promote their growth. In this perspective, the possibility of selecting bacterial isolates efficient in promoting the growth of the culture is evident, which can provide subsidies for future inoculants. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, select and evaluate the genetic diversity of endophytic bacteria in roots and stems of cassava grown in Garanhuns - PE, with features involved in promoting plant growth. The isolation was performed on culture medium semisolid LGI-P. The selected isolates were evaluated for the potential to fix N2, as the ability to produce indole acetic acid, for their ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce exopolysaccharides. Some bacterial isolates had their 16S rRNA gene sequenced by the Sanger method. A total of 52 endophytic bacteria isolates were obtained from cassava. Regarding the potential to fix N2, 15% of the isolates were positive. As for the production of IAA, 78% of the isolates produced this phytohormone in a medium with increased L-tryptophan. Approximately 31% of the isolates were able to solubilize inorganic phosphate and 60% had exopolysaccharide. The identification of 19 isolates allowed the grouping into six bacterial genera, namely: Achromobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Pantoea and Pseudomonas. Cassava plants grown in Garanhuns - PE present interaction with different groups of endophytic bacteria and there are bacterial groups with several characteristics involved in promoting plant growth.
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Sá, Jucieny Ferreira de, Emília dos Santos Sampaio, Maria Inês de Souza Mendes, Karen Cristina Fialho dos Santos, Antônio da Silva Sousa, and Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo. "Culture media for the multiplication of wild Manihot species." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, no. 6 (2018): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018426024718.
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ABSTRACT The cassava propagation system is slow and favors disease transmission through successive generations. Micropropagation is an alternative to overcome the aforementioned limitations, besides allowing the generation of a larger number of pest- and pathogen-free plants. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of culture media on the multiplication in vitro of five wild Manihot species. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, at factorial arrangement 5 (wild Manihot species) x 6 (culture media), with 11 repetitions. Explants consisted in nodal segments (91 cm long and one lateral bud) of species Manihot flabellifolia, M. tristis, M. caerulescens, M. chlorosticta and M. jacobinensis, which were extracted in vitro from the collection of wild cassava species. One segment was placed in each test tube added with 10 mL of MS media 0.01, 17N, 12A3, 4E, 8S and WPM, and kept for 90 days in growth room under 30 μmol m-2 s-1irradiance, temperature 27 ± 1 °C and 16h photoperiod. Variables plant height (cm), number of green leaves, number of senescent leaves, number of shoots, number of microcuttings, fresh and dry shoot mass, fresh and dry root mass (mg) and callus mass (mg) were analyzed. Our results showed that the culture medium 12A3 was not responsive to any of the species; however, if one takes into consideration variables plant height and number of microcuttings, this medium can possibly be used in the micropropagation of other wild species belonging to genus Manihot.
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ERDIANDINI, IRA, TITI CANDRA SUNARTI, and ANJA MERYANDINI. "Seleksi Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Starter Kering Menggunakan Matriks Tapioka Asam." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 1, no. 1 (2015): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.1.1.26-33.
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The development of industrial fermentation food could not separate with the availability of culture starter that suffice to support its production. Dried starter can be an option to use in fermentation industry because it can be stored for longer time without rejuvenation. However, in the process of production of dried starter needs the matrix to maintain cell viability, economically and availability of raw material. This research was conducted to use selected dried starter of indigenous lactic acid bacteria by using sour cassava starch matrix. Eleven local isolates lactic acid bacteria isolates from spontaneous fermentation of carbohydrates commodity were selected based on their acid production capabilities and antibiotics susceptibilities. Isolate of E 1222 showed the best result and was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus. The isolate was encapsulated with sour cassava starch matrix for making dried starter by using freeze dryer and spray dryer. Freeze dried starter culture could maintained the cell viability higher than spray dried starter culture i.e 10.34 log CFU/g and 8.91 log CFU/g, respectively. Finally, freeze dried starter culture could maintain the percentage of cell viability until 89.38% during four-weeks storage at 4 oC.
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Amadi, O. C., C. C. Mbaeke, T. N. Nwagu, et al. "Renewable Plant Waste As Substrates for Enzyme Production, Saccharification and Direct Bioethanol Production by Indigenous Yeast Strain Pichia Exigua." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 2 (2021): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.306.
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Renewable plant wastes constitute environmental nuisance. Their conversion by enzymes into bioethanol can be beneficial. We investigated the use of renewable plant waste as substrate for enzyme production and hydrolysis of the plant waste for ethanol production using an indigenous yeast strain. Five yeast strains; MCC-1, MCC-2, MCC-3, MCC-4 and MCC-5 were evaluated for production of sugars, α-amylase, glucoamylase and bioethanol using soluble starch. Phylogenetic analysis using partial sequence of the ITS gene classified MCC-4 as Pichia exigua. Proximate composition of plant wastes – cassava, wild yam, mango seed, udara seed and breadfruit were determined. Results showed total carbohydrate of (83.9%) for cassava flour. The ability of yeast to utilize these substrates and the effect of culture conditions (inoculum, pH, nitrogen source and substrate concentration) were also determined. Cassava pulp flour was the best substrate producing reducing sugar (1.471 ± 0.056mg/mL), α-amylase (0.573 ± 0.019U/mL), glucoamylase (1.605 ± 0.119U/mL), and ethanol (4.440 ± 0.014g/L). Culture conditions revealed optimum for inoculum concentration as (1mL), pH (4), nitrogen source (soya bean, 3g/L) and substrate concentration of (8%). Pichia exigua (MCC-4) a natural yeast strain isolated from the soil has the potential for both enzyme and ethanol production in a single step process.
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Jayus, Jay, Sony Suwasono, and Ike Wijayanti. "PRODUKSI BIOETANOL SECARA SHF DAN SSF MENGGUNAKAN Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride DAN New Aule Instant Dry Yeast PADA MEDIA KULIT UBI KAYU." JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI 11, no. 1 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/j-agt.v11i1.5448.
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Effort to improve the yield of bioetanol production from cassava peels were be carried out by separated hydrolysis fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) using Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and New Aule Instant Dry Yeast. The purpose of this research is to measure bioetanol production from cassava peels using three different culture methods i.e SHF1 (A. niger 24 hours +New Aule Instant Dry Yeast); SHF2 (T. viride 24 hours+New Aule Instant Dry Yeast); and SSF (A. niger + T. viride + New Aule Instant Dry Yeast). The research results showed SHF1 (2,58 g/l) produced higher ethanol than that of SHF2 (2,15). The methods of SSF eficiency produced ethanol (2,93 g/l) and faster (18 hours) compared the methods of SHF1 and SHF2 which need 48 hours incubation time to reach maximum level.
 Keywords: bioethanol, cassava peels, SHF, SSF, A.niger, T.viride, new aule instant dry yeast
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Cahyandari, Dini, and Heru Santoso Budi Rohardjo. "Effects of Surface Treatments on Nata de Cassava on the Tensile Strength and Morphology of Bacterial Cellulose Sheet." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.305.
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Cellulose is natural fiber source that available abundant in the world. Besides lignin, hemi cellulose and wax, cellulose is the most component of plant. Cellulose can be produced from secretion of bacteria. Kind of bacteria that can produce cellulose are pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Alkaligene and Acetobacter, but bacteria strain that usually used to produce cellulose called bacterial cellulose is Acetobacter xylinum. Culture medium of Acetobacter xylinum are medium that contain of carbon and nitrogen. One of the medium that contain carbon and nitrogen is tapioka waste water. The gel that produce from tapioka water called nata de cassava. Cellulose fiber that produce from nata de cassava more pure than that from plant. Mechanical properties of single bacterial cellulose fiber as young’s modulus is 114 GPa and tensile strength is 78 GPa. Nata de cassava is produced with 1% sugar consentration and fermentation time is 14 days. pH of tapioka water medium is adjusting by acetic acid glacial. Nata de cassava gel washed for 2 days on running water than soaked in NaOH and NaOCl solution. Than washed on running water than dried on light pressure (0,2 MPa) and oven for an hour on 80°C. this bacterial cellulose film is ready to used as spesiment of tensile test and SEM observation. The aim of this research is to find the effect of surface treatments (Merserizing and Bleaching) on nata de cassava gel on mechanical properties and morfology of bacterial cellulose sheet. From the research find that NaOH treatment give the highest tensile strength of bacterial cellulose sheet compared to NaOCl treatment of nata de cassava.
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Ambarwati, Retno, Endang Widyastuti, and Dwi Sunu Widyartini. "KELIMPAHAN CHRYSOPHYTA PADA MEDIA BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA YANG DIBERI PAKAN FERMENTASI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KULIT UBI KAYU DAN PROBIOTIK." Scripta Biologica 1, no. 1 (2014): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.1.28.
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Chrysophyta is also known as golden-yellow algae because of the yellow dominant pigment of carotene and xanthophyll. This study aimed to determine species richness and abundance of Chrysophyta in the Tilapia culture media which was fed with the addition of cassava peel flour and probiotic. The method applied in this study was the experimental method with 4 treatments, i.e.: the use of fermented feed with the addition of cassava peel flour (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) and probiotic in Tilapia culture media. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Sampling was carried out 6 times at intervals of 2 weeks. The observed parameters were the main parameters, i.e.: the number of Chrysophyta species and individuals; and supporting parameters, i.e.: water temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, NO3, NO2, BOD5, DO, and total of phosphate. Species richness and abundance of Chrysophyta data were analyzed using cluster analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity coefficient. The analysis continued with Similarity Percentages (SIMPER) analysis to determine the contribution of species to the similarity index in each group or to dissimilarity index amongst groups. The results showed that the species richness found in the Tilapia media culture which was fed with the addition of cassava peel flour and probiotic consist of 20 species belonging to a class namely Bacillariophyceae. Abundance of Chrysophyta obtained was ranged from 5.160-13.292 individuals/liter. The cluster analysis showed that Chrysophyta amongst treatments have a quite high similarity level (> 50%) was ranged between 65.56% -83.99%. Contributions of species which contribute the highest similarity index were Diatoma vulgare (49.80%), Navicula brachysira (70.50%) and Navicula platystoma (82%).
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Olayide, Priscilla, Annabel Large, Linnea Stridh, et al. "Gene Expression and Metabolite Profiling of Thirteen Nigerian Cassava Landraces to Elucidate Starch and Carotenoid Composition." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (2020): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030424.
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The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa necessitates effective approaches to improve provitamin A content of major staple crops. Cassava holds much promise for food security in sub-Saharan Africa, but a negative correlation between β-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, and dry matter content has been reported, which poses a challenge to cassava biofortification by conventional breeding. To identify suitable material for genetic transformation in tissue culture with the overall aim to increase β-carotene and maintain starch content as well as better understand carotenoid composition, root and leaf tissues from thirteen field-grown cassava landraces were analyzed for agronomic traits, carotenoid, chlorophyll, and starch content. The expression of five genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis were determined in selected landraces. Analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between starch and β-carotene content, whereas there was a strong positive correlation between root yield and many carotenoids including β-carotene. Carotenoid synthesis genes were expressed in both white and yellow cassava roots, but phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2), lycopene-ε-cyclase (LCYε), and β-carotenoid hydroxylase (CHYβ) expression were generally higher in yellow roots. This study identified lines with reasonably high content of starch and β-carotene that could be candidates for biofortification by further breeding or plant biotechnological means.
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Bueno, Paulo Agenor Alves, Edgar Lopes Balestri, Rafael De Almeida Vidal Feres Rosiello, et al. "Use of starch manufacturer residue in the production of inoculating biofertilizer." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 23 (June 27, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117038537.
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In the industrialization of cassava, effluents are generated capable of causing great impacts to the environment. One of these residues is called manipueira and its generation occurs by pressing the grated cassava mass. An alternative to the use of this industrial residue is its use as a culture medium in the multiplication of microorganisms useful in agriculture in the form of biological inoculants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different concentrations of manipueira used as substrate in the development of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the fungus Trichoderma spp as biological control agents and plant growth promoters, aiming at the low cost of the agricultural protection process. The tests were carried out by means of a triple plating technique in culture medium containing manipueira, molasses and distilled water in different concentrations for both biological agents. The efficiency of the method, substract and organisms was measured through the calculation of colony forming units (CFU). The maximum production of CFU of the fungus Trichoderma spp was 1.2x109 CFU.mL -1 in a concentration of 175mL.L -1 of manipueira, while for the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, the maximum production reached 6.49x1011 CFU .mL -1 in culture with concentration of 125mL -1 of the residue. Compared to commercial inoculants with concentration around 1x108 CFU, the tested cultures were compatible with this value and still managed to overcome it, confirming its efficiency. Therefore, this is an excellent possibility to direct the use of environmental liabilities and to encourage the use of the biofertilizer by farmers who can produce it in their properties in an alternative way and with a low cost of production in relation to the commercial value.
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Opabode, Jelili Titilola, Olufemi Victor Ajibola та Oluyemisi Amos Akinyemiju. "Shoot Induction from Axillary Bud of β-Carotene Enriched Manihot esculenta Crantz and Molecular Stability of Regenerants". Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 48, № 3-4 (2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ats-2015-0008.
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Abstract Inadequacy of planting materials is limiting the distribution of three high-β-carotene (pro-vitamin A) cassava varieties released in Nigeria to increase public vitamin A intake. However, studies have established the suitability of in vitro shoot culture for mass propagation of elite crop varieties for quick distribution to farmers. We investigated multiple shoot induction from axillary bud of three β-carotene enriched cassava varieties using BAP and assessed the genetic stability of the regenerated plants to establish mass propagation system. Multiple shoots were induced from BAP-enlarged axillary bud on basal medium supplemented with 10 mg/l BAP. Shootbuds were elongated on basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 10.0 IBA mg/l. Genetic stability of regenerated plants was assessed byeight RAPD markers. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in survival of isolated axillary bud, shootbud formation, survival of shootbud, regenerated shoots, root formation and survived regenerated plants among cassava varieties. The order of shootbud formation among the cassava varieties was UMUCASS 37 > UMUCASS 36 >TMS 30555 > UMUCASS 38. The best (83.4%) shoot regeneration was recorded in TMS 30572 and lowest (47.8%) in UMUCASS 37, however, UMUCASS 36 recorded the best (98.5%) survival of regenerated shoot after hardening. Eight RAPD primers produced 56 bands, ranging from 200 to 3000 bp in size. RAPD analysis showed a uniform profile among regenerants and between mother plant and regenerants. The study concluded that multiple shoot formation could be induced in pro-vitamin A cassava varieties using BAP from axillary bud with no genetic infidelity of the regenerants.
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Sivamani, Selvaraju, and Rajoo Baskar. "Bioconversion of cassava stem to ethanol: oxalic acid pretreatment and co-culture fermentation." Biofuels 9, no. 5 (2018): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2018.1432271.
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González, C., O. Delgado, M. Baigorí, C. Abate, D. A. Callieri, and L. I. C. De Figueroa. "Ethanol production from native cassava starch by a mixed culture ofEndomycopsis fibuligeraandZymomonas mobilis." Acta Biotechnologica 18, no. 2 (1998): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370180211.
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Nishise, Hiroshi, Akira Fuji, Makoto Ueno, Vitchuporn Vongsuvanlert, and Yoshiki Tani. "Production of raw cassava starch-digestive glucoamylase by Rhizopus sp. in liquid culture." Journal of Fermentation Technology 66, no. 4 (1988): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0385-6380(88)90005-2.
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Qi, Gaoxiang, Lian Xiong, Mutan Luo, et al. "Solvents production from cassava by co-culture of Clostridium acetobutylicum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, no. 1 (2018): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.11.067.
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Smith, R. E., Chuanpit Osothsilp, Paul Bicho, and K. F. Gregory. "Improvement in the protein content of cassava bySporotrichum pulverulentum in solid state culture." Biotechnology Letters 8, no. 1 (1986): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01044396.
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Sedjati, Sri, Ambariyanto Ambariyanto, Agus Trianto, et al. "Antimicrobial Activity of Fungal Extract of The Aspergillus flavus from Hiri Island, North Maluku to Pathogenic Bacteria." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 23, no. 1 (2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i1.7049.
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Antibacterial compounds from sponge association fungi are one of the alternatives to search for new antibiotics against resistant bacteria. This study aims to explore the secondary metabolites potential from sponge association fungi as MDR pathogens antibacterial and to cultivate these fungi using a variety of cultivation media. TE-BO-09.1. Isolate can inhibit 3 bacteria, K. pneumoniae, B subtilis, and S. aureus, but is not able to inhibit E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Cultivation using standard media of Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and media modified from fish broth (M1, M2) and cassava infusion (M3, M4) produce secondary metabolites with varying quantities and antimicrobial activity. The inhibition zone of the produced extract with 500 μg/disc concentration ranged from 7.14 to 10.32 mm. The strongest potential was shown by ethyl acetate extract from isolates cultured with M2 (9 days cultivation), of which is able to produce 10.32 mm inhibition zones against S. aureus and methanol extracts from isolates cultured with M4 (6 days cultivation), and able to produce 10.05 mm inhibition zones against K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, the fungus Aspergillus flavus can be culture using fish broth added glucose and cassava infusion water added peptone media to potentially produce antibacterial compounds against MDR pathogens.
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Jean-Paul, Bouatenin Koffi Maïzan, Djéni N’dédé Théodore, Kakou Abodjo Célah, Menan Eby Hervé та Dje Koffi Marcellin. "Optimisation De La Production De L’ α-Amylase Par Les Microorganismes Isolés Des Ferments Traditionnels De Manioc Provenant De Trois Zones De Production De L’attiéké En Côte d’Ivoire". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, № 9 (2016): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n9p259.
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This research work aimed at studying production kinetic of α-amylase by microbial strains isolated from three traditional cassava ferments; with a view of their potential use as starter cultures. The study was carried out on 42 amylolytic strains comprising 15 lactic acid bacteria species, 9 yeast, 9 Bacillus sp. And 9 moulds. Amyloytic activities were assessed in vitro in a broth. Independently of strains and their origin, results showed three α-amylase regulation kinetics. From the 3 species which constitutively secrete α-amylase, only Candida tropicalis LVX8 excretes a large amount of α-amylase (171.33 ± 3 EU/mL) in 24 hours. Among strains, which α-amylase excretion is regulated by a repression, the optimal duration for each one of them varied from 4 to 24 hours. Thus, Lactobacillus casei LABZ4 secretes within 4 hours of culture, 47.3 ± 1.41 EU/mL, whereas yeast (LVX1, LVZ19, LVY16 and LVZ1), moulds (MZ2, MZ1 and MY2) and Bacilli (BX5, BY4 and BZ15) strains excreted each during 12 to 20 hours α-amylase amounts ranging from 60 ± 3.7 and 106 ± 1.3 EU/mL. For strains with amylase production modulated by inactivation, maximal amounts of enzymes were very low and reached after only 4 hours. However, for yeasts LVX14, LVY3 and LVZ18, inactivation was observed from 16 hours, with activities higher than 100 EU/mL. Considering the diversity of production kinetics of α-amylase, the use of these isolates for a controlled fermentation of cassava dough would be optimal in co-culture.
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Mubarak, Ahmad Shofy, Dedi Jusadi, Muhammad Zairin Junior, and Muhammad Agus Suprayudi. "The population growth and the nutritional status of Moina macrocopa feed with rice bran and cassava bran suspensions." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 16, no. 2 (2017): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.16.2.223-233.
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<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><em> </em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><em>Moina macrocopa</em> culture density can be improved by optimizing the fecundity, and somatic growth through the regulation of quality and quantity of feed. The purpose of this study were to determined how to use effectively the rice bran and cassava bran <em>Manihot utilisima</em> suspension on Moina, based on population, neonates production, adult percentage, biomass, metabolisme and nutritional state. In this study, Moina were cultured for eighth days using four concentrations of rice bran suspension and three concentrations of cassava suspension. This research found that <em>M. macrocopa</em> culture with rice bran suspension has higher population, neonates production, adult percentage and biomass than its culture with cassava bran suspension (P&lt;0.05). This study also found that Moina culture with rice bran suspension has higher total value of RNA, total value of DNA, the ratio RNA/ DNA, FCR, and concentration of protein and amino acid than Moina culture with cassava bran suspension. Treatment D with the initial rice bran suspension concentration was 0.3 mL/L and was increased starting the second day and the end concentration on the eighth day was 1.2 mL/L has highest peak population of Moina 17,975 ind/L in seventh day, weight wet biomass 439 mg/L in eighth day and lower FCR 0.94.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: suspension, rice bran, cassava, population, ratio RNA/DNA<em></em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Kepadatan populasi dalam budidaya <em>Moina macrocopa</em> dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengoptimalkan fekunditas dan pertumbuhan somatik melalui pengaturan kualitas dan kuantitas pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas pengunaan pakan suspensi dedak dan tepung ketela pohon <em>Manihot utilisima</em> dalam budidaya <em>M. macrocopa</em> terhadap populasi, produksi anak per induk, persentase dewasa, biomasa, FCR, dan metabolismenya (asam amino, DNA, RNA, dan RNA/DNA). Di dalam penelitian ini, <em>M. macrocopa</em> dibudidayakan selama delapan hari menggunakan empat konsentrasi suspensi dedak dan tiga konsentrasi suspensi tepung ketela pohon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, budidaya <em>M. macrocopa</em> dengan pakan suspensi dedak menghasilkan populasi, produksi anak/induk, persentase dewasa dan biomasa yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan budidaya Moina dengan pakan suspensi ketela pohon (P&lt;0,05). Budidaya <em>M. macrocopa</em> dengan pakan suspensi dedak juga menghasilkan total RNA, total DNA dan nisbah RNA/DNA, konsentrasi protein, dan asam amino yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan Moina dengan pakan suspensi ketela pohon. Perlakuan D dengan pakan suspensi dedak awal 0,2 mL/L dan meningkat mulai hari kedua dengan konsentrasi hari kedelapan 1,2 mL/L menghasilkan puncak populasi tertinggi pada hari ketujuh sebanyak 17.975 ind/L, berat basah biomasa hari kedelapan kultur 439 mg/L, dan FCR yang rendah yaitu 0,94. </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: suspensi, dedak, ketela pohon, populasi, nisbah RNA/DNA</p>