Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cassava – Growth

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cassava – Growth'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cassava – Growth"

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Zimmer, J. S., S. D. Ferreira, J. R. Ramella, A. C. P. Rodrigues-Costa, and N. V. Costa. "Application of Sulfentrazone in Stages of Germination of IAC 90 Cassava Cuttings in Clay Soils and Sandy." Planta Daninha 33, no. 2 (June 2015): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-83582015000200016.

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Weeds interfere dramatically in the productive potential of cassava; however, information regarding herbicides that are selective to crops is still scarce. Thus, the aim in this study was to assess the initial growth of IAC 90 cassava plants after the application of sulfentrazone at different stages of germination of cassava in clayey and sandy soils. Three experiments were simultaneously deployed: the first experiment consisted in the application of sulfentrazone in the non-germinated stage of cassava cuttings; the second one in the stage of germinated cassavas cuttings (0.9 cm shoots); and the third one in applications in the stage of cassava cuttings with buds emerging (6.5 cm shoots and emerging from the soil). For each experiment the experimental design in randomized blocks was used in the 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with four replications. The factors were composed of two soils (sandy and clayey) and five doses of sulfentrazone (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 g ha-1). It was found that depending on the herbicide dose, development stage of the buds of cassava cuttings and the type of soil, damage can occur in the initial development of the IAC 90 cassava plants. The greatest potential of sulfentrazone selectivity has occurred in applications in the non-germinated cassava cuttings stage and in doses lower than 500 g ha-1 in the clayey soil.
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Indrastuti, Erning, Teti Estiasih, Elok Zubaidah, and Harijono. "Physicochemical Characteristics and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Spontaneously Combined Submerged and Solid State Fermented Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Flour." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 7 (November 12, 2019): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180515112908.

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Background: High cyanide varieties of cassava must be detoxified before consumption. Several studies showed detoxification of cassava by slicing, submerged fermentation (soaking), solid state fermentation, and drying. One of traditional detoxification is combination of submerged and solid state fermentation and the effect of this processing on cyanide reduction and food properties has not been evaluation yet. Objective: This research studied the effect of solid state fermentation time on physicochemical, starch granule morphology, and in vitro starch digestibility of cassava flour from high cyanide varieties of Malang 4, Malang 6, and Sembung. Methods: Three varieties of high cyanide grated cassavas were soaked for 3 days in ratio of water to cassava 1:1. After draining for 1 hour, grated cassava was placed in a bamboo container and put in a humid place for 3-day solid state fermentation. Fermented grated cassavas were then dried, milled, and analyzed. Results: Solid state fermentation similarly affected cyanide reduction and characteristics of cassava flour for three high cyanide varieties. The detoxification process reduced cyanide to 89.70-93.42% and produced flour with a total cyanide of 8.25-10.89 mg HCN eq/kg dry matters, which is safe to consume. Fermentation decreased cyanide, starch content, titratable acidity, swelling power, and solubility; meanwhile pH, amylose content, water absorption, oil absorption, and in vitro starch digestibility increased in all three varieties studied. Submerged fermentation reduced the pH thus inhibiting the degradation of linamarin and cyanohydrin into free HCN. pH value was increased by solid state fermentation, from 4.43 to 6.90 that optimum for linamarin and cyanohydrin degradation into free HCN. The submerged and solid-state fermentation indeuce spontaneous microbial growth that affected chemical composition of cassava flour. The changes of structure and morphology of starch granules affected pasting properties, and Increased in vitro starch digestibility due to damaged granules. Conclusion: Solid-state fermentation reduced cyanide content of all three cassava varieties into the safe level for consumption, and aiso changed chemical, physical, and functional characteristics and starch digestibility of cassava flour.
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Dewi, Pramesti, Retno Indrati, Ria Millati, and Sardjono Sardjono. "Effect of Lime Pretreatment on Microstructure of Cassava Stalk Fibers and Growth of Aspergillus niger." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 1 (April 2, 2018): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.13802.

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Cassava stalk can be converted into sugar-based product by using microorganism. Unfortunately, lignin act as a barrier of optimal bioconversion. Cassava stalk needs pretreatment process for removing this barrier. The effect of lime pretreatment on microstructure of cassava stalk fibers and the growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were observed in this research. The cassava stalks were reduced into 0.147- 0.297 mm size and pretreated with 1 % Ca(OH)2. Lime pretreated and unpretreated cassava stalk was used as solid medium for Aspegillus niger FNCC 6114. The effect of pretreatment method on fibers microstructure of cassava stalk was evaluated through SEM micrograph. The growth and metabolism activities of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were monitored through SEM micrograph of media after fermentation. The other parameters examined were changes in glucosamine, reducing sugar levels, and spores’ quantity. Lime pretreatment altered microstructure of cassava stalk fibers. However, cassava stalk without lime pretreatment gave better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 based on metabolism activities parameters. Cassava stalks is suitable as media for Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 through solid state fermentation. For better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 fine-sized cassava stalk should not be lime pretreated. The results of this study provide information about the pretreatment of cassava stems which was effective in supporting the growth of Aspergillus niger. Enhancements the utilization of cassava stems by using fungi, for example Aspergillus niger can overcome the accumulation of organic waste that can interfere with environmental sustainability.
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Putra, Andhika, and Wawan Setiawan Sinaga. "Supplementation of Cassava Leaf (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Field Grass in Sheep Growth." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 1, no. 3 (February 19, 2019): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v1i3.493.

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Supplementation of cassava leaves (ManihotesculentaCrantz) in the base grass field ration of male rams in the growth period aims to determine the effect of giving cassava leaves to the performance of sheepparameters measured in this study were consumption level, body weight gain and feed conversion in local sheep in the growth period. This study used randomized complete design (CRD) 4 treatments and 6 replications. Using male local sheep with an average body weight of = 12 ± 1.93. The treatment used T0 = without giving cassava leaves (Control), T1 = 25% cassava leaves, T2 = 50% cassava leaves, T3 = 75% cassava leaves. The results of the study with variance analysis showed no significant effect (p> 0.05)feed consumption level, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio the conclusion of this study is the supplementation of cassava leaves (ManihotesculentaCrantz) on grass-based rations did not provide a different growth increase in weaning local male sheep.
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Suwirya, Ketut, Muhamad Marzuqi, and I. Nyoman Adiasmara Giri. "EFFECT OF DIETARY CASSAVA MEAL ON GROWTH OF MUD CRAB, Scylla paramamosain." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.2.2.2007.121-125.

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<p>It is widely recognized that a major constraint to development of a mud crab aquaculture industry is the availability and formulation nutritionally adequate but relatively low cost diets. Development of artificial diets, which seek to minimize inclusion of expensive feed ingredients such as fish and terrestrial meals, is considered to be a priority for improving the profitability of this emerging industry. Typically, carbohydrates such as starches are relatively cheap and therefore offer opportunity to supply dietary energy at low cost. The study examines the capacity of mud crab, <em>Scylla paramamosain</em> to utilize a range of dietary cassava meal as carbohydrate source. Four levels of cassava meal were used at inclusion levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% in diets. Mud crabs will readily accept the diet containing relatively high levels of cassava meal. This experiment proved that mud crab which fed 10% dietary cassava meal gains weight more than the one fed diet without dietary cassava meal. The increasing level of cassava meal to more than 10% in diet reduced final weight and weight gain. To some extent, mud crab, <em>Scylla paramamosain</em> is capable to use dietary carbohydrate from cassava meal. The finding raises the possibility to include 10% cassava meal in formulation low cost diet for mud crab.</p>
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Ekwaro, Benson, Boniface Wanaku, and Sylvester Katuromunda. "GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF NEWLY RELEASED CASSAVA GENOTYPES AND HYBRID MAIZE TO INTERCROPPING." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i7.2019.676.

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Cassava/maize intercrops have been reported to be highly productive, mainly because of their different growth patterns. However, there is limited information on the influence of maize planting density in the cassava/maize intercrop on the performance of hybrid maize and improved cassava genotypes in Uganda. Thus, this study determined whether recently released cassava genotypes which are selected on the basis of monocrop performance, would perform equally well when intercropped with hybrid maize varieties. Cassava genotypes NAROCASS 1 and NASE 14 intercropped with Longe 6H maize were evaluated using randomized complete block design and three replications. Treatments were: Sole maize (SM), sole cassava (SC), alternate rows of cassava and maize (1C:1M), and one row of cassava alternating with two rows of maize (1C:2M). Intercropping significantly increased the maize plant heights in the 1C:2M system than in sole maize. Cob length and number of rows per cob decreased as the plant population density increased. Maize grain yield under the 1C:1M system was comparable to that of sole cropping. The 1C:2M system gave significantly reduced grain yields when compared with those at 1C:1M. Cassava root yield decreased in the order (SM>1C:1M>1C:2M). Although the yields of both cassava and maize under sole cropping were higher than their intercrop counterparts, intercropping was more productive than sole cropping as evidenced by the land equivalent ratios.
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Wasonga, Daniel O., Jouko Kleemola, Laura Alakukku, and Pirjo S. A. Mäkelä. "Growth Response of Cassava to Deficit Irrigation and Potassium Fertigation during the Early Growth Phase." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030321.

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) experiences intermittent water deficit and suffers from potassium (K) deficiency that seriously constrains its yield in the tropics. Currently, the interaction effect between deficit irrigation and K fertigation on growth and yield of cassava is unknown, especially during the early growth phase. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions using cassava cuttings. Treatments initiated at 30 days after planting included three irrigation doses (30%, 60%, 100% pot capacity) and five K (0.01, 1, 4, 16, and 32 mM) concentrations. The plants were harvested 90 days after planting. Decreasing irrigation dose to 30% together with 16 mM K lowered the leaf water potential by 69%, leaf osmotic potential by 41%, photosynthesis by 35%, stomatal conductance by 41%, water usage by 50%, leaf area by 17%, and whole-plant dry mass by 41%, compared with full-irrigated plants. Lowering the K concentration below 16 mM reduced the values further. Notably, growth and yield were decreased the least compared with optimal, when irrigation dose was decreased to 60% together with 16 mM K. The results demonstrate that deficit irrigation strategies could be utilized to develop management practices to improve cassava productivity by means of K fertigation under low moisture conditions.
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Tewe, O. O., J. H. Maner, and G. Gomez. "INFLUENCE OF CYANOGENIC GLUCOSIDE FRACTION OF CASSAVA ON PERFORMANCE, THIOCYANATE CONCENTRATION AND RHODANESE ACTIVITY OF RATS DURING GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 6 (January 19, 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v6i.2646.

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FEEDING of fresh and dried cassava (CMC 84 variety) containing 172.6 and 90.6mg FICN/Kg fresh material respectively caused a non-significant (P > 0.05) increase in daily feed intake as com­pared to a corn starch control diet. Growth rate of suckling rats was least on the fresh cassava diet and intermediate on the dried cassava diet. Post weaning feed consumption, growth rate and feed utilization were also considerably reduced by the cassava diets .The fresh cassava diet caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in serum thiocyanate of Weaning Rats. At the end of the post-weaning growth study period, serum thiocyanate was significantly (P < 0.01) higher on both the fresh and dried cassava diets. Rhodanese activity changes did not show any consistent treatment effect.
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Olorunnisomo, O. A. "Utilization of raw, cooked or fermented cassava-urea meal in a total diet for growing ewe-lambs." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 37, no. 2 (January 3, 2021): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v37i2.2042.

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The nutritive value of cassava meal (CM), raw cassava-urea meal (RCU), cooked cassava-urea meal (CCU), and fermented cassava-urea meal (ECU) mixed with other ingredients were evaluated in this study using West African dwarf sheep. Twenty ewe-lambs (6 months old) and twelve ewes (12 months old) were respectively used for growth and metabolic investigations. Dry matter (DM) intake was 2,1 3, 3.25, 3.20 and 3.35 % BW; growth rate 48.3, 67.5, 86.9 and 88.3 g/day; and feed conversion ratio (FC7R) was 8.76, 7.54, 6.49 and 6.52 for CM, RCU, CCU and ECU respectively. DM digestibility was 58.5, 68.4, 73.3 and 72.5 % while nitrogen retention Was 40.5, 30,9, 46.3 and 45.4 % for CM, RCU, CCU and FCU respectively. Nutrient utilization and growth of ewe-lambs fed cassava-based diets improved with addition of urea to cassava meal. Cooking or fermentation further improved nutritive value and feed conversion ratio of cassava-urea meal. Since fermentation requires less labour and energy costs than cooking, it may be the preferred option for processing cassava-urea mixtures for ruminant feeds by resource-poor farmers in Nigeria.
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Araújo, Narcísio C. de, Vera L. A. de Lima, Geovani S. de Lima, Elysson M. G. Andrade, Jailton G. Ramos, and Suenildo J. C. Oliveira. "Nutrient contents and growth of corn fertigated with human urine and cassava wastewater." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 9 (September 2019): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n9p681-686.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the contents of macronutrients (NPK and S) and the growth of ‘Potiguar’ corn fertigated with human urine, cassava wastewater and their associations with NPK. The experiment was set up in greenhouse located on Campus I of Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. A completely randomized experimental design was used, consisting of eight treatments, corresponding to fertigation with mineral fertilizer NPK formula; organic, composed of yellow water, cassava wastewater and human urine associated with cassava wastewater; organomineral, composed of human urine associated with phosphorus and potassium, cassava wastewater associated with nitrogen and phosphorus and human urine associated with cassava wastewater and phosphorus, with five repetitions. At 50 days after sowing (DAS), plants were evaluated for the leaf NPK and S concentrations and growth variables: number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry mass of leaves, mass of stem and shoots. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and the growth variables number of leaves, plant height, fresh and dry mass of leaves, mass of stem and of shoot were influenced by fertigation with human urine, cassava wastewater concentrations and their associations with NPK. In the leaves of corn cultivar Potiguar the accumulated concentrations of N, P and K, at 50 DAS, varied in the sequence N > K > P. Human urine has potential as source of N in fertigation of corn and cassava wastewater can be used if associated with other sources of nutrients.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cassava – Growth"

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Maria, J. "Root growth and development in cassava." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233490.

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Balyejusa, Kizito Elizabeth. "Genetic and root growth studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) : implications for breeding /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200682.pdf.

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Awerije, Brodrick. "Exploring the potential of cassava for agricultural growth and economic development in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3082.

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The decline in agricultural productivity in Nigeria is linked to a host of factors ranging from unsustainable growth policies, inadequate funding and infrastructures, low levels of value added through processing, low commodity prices, unstable markets, poor extension services and low rates of literacy. It is now well recognised that there is a need to diversify Nigerian agriculture as well as improving production performances. This study investigates the potential of cassava root tuber (CRT), as a means to promote agricultural growth. It assesses cassava production, profitability, efficiency, marketing structures and channels, constraints in production, the potential to add value by processing cassava into gari (a fermented, roasted, and dried granule) and its marketing at the farm level. These were supplemented by a critical review of policies and programmes, including trend analysis of cultivated area, production, yield and prices of major crops including cassava at the national level covering the period 1970–2009. The study surveyed 315 cassava producers (including 278 gari processors), 105 marketers involved in cassava marketing and 30 stakeholders from three regions in the Delta State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics are used to analyse the socio-economic characteristics of the sample. In addition, profitability of CRT and gari and their marketing were assessed by benefit-cost analysis. Furthermore, productivity and efficiency of CRT and gari and their determinants were analysed using non-parametric DEA followed by Tobit regressions. Results indicate that cassava production and processing is profitable in all regions and for all farm size categories. The BCR is estimated at 2.83 and 1.22 for CRT and gari, respectively. However, the yield level of CRT and gari is very low, estimated at 7.7 t/ha and 4.7 t/ha, respectively. Also, efficiency levels are very low and vary by farm size as well as regions, with large scale producers relatively more efficient. Marketing of cassava in any form is profitable and efficient (Marketing Efficiency>1 in all cases) and profitability varies widely across regions. Provision of water was identified as the main constraint in processing, followed by shortage of electricity and poor marketing infrastructure. The review of past policies and trend analysis revealed inconsistent policies and fluctuations in agricultural productivity, but also showed increases in total production mainly driven by expansion of the area cultivated during later years, for cassava in particular. The policy implications include: (a) increased provision of modern technologies, use of improved varieties and modern technology; (b) land reform policies to consolidate farm size; (c) investment in elements of marketing infrastructure; and (d) improvements in extension services. Despite inconsistencies in policies, cassava stood out as a robust and resistant crop which provides confidence that targeted investment in the cassava sector will contribute to development of Nigerian agriculture.
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Oliveira, Emanuela Lima de. "Hay part air cassava and enzymes in pig power stages of growth and termination." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14732.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Three experiments were conducted involving 78 pigs castrated males of commercial line. In the first experiment were used 16 animals with average weight of 23.94 Â 0.63 kg, in order to evaluate the chemical composition and nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and determination of digestible and metabolizable energy HSC for pigs . The animals were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in two treatments: control diet and food testing, the latter being composed of 70% of the control diet and 30% of HSC. Each treatment with 8 replicates. Although the FPAM have adequate Chemical Composition has low-energy 1,142 kcal / ME / kg and based on this result rations of other experiments were calculated. Nitrogen balance was affected by the inclusion of HSC. In the second experiment, we used 30 pigs with average weight of 22.73 Â 1.79 kg, with the objective of evaluating increasing levels of HSC in diets for growing and finishing pigs on performance, digestibility of feed, carcass characteristics , color and pH of the meat and bioeconomic evaluation of rations. 5 treatments were used, considering increasing levels of HSC 0; 3; 6; 9:12% and 6 replicates per treatment. Increasing levels of HSC affected the performance by detecting downward linear effect for feed intake increased as the inclusion of the ingredient, reflecting positively a better conversion in the growth phase II. It reiterated that the inclusion of 12% of HSC improves the ether extract digestibility coefficients, neutral detergent fiber and gross energy of the feed. It was found that the inclusion of HSC did not affect carcass characteristics, color and pH of animal meats. There was a decreasing linear effect for all economic variables of the growth phase II, except for the economic efficiency ratio which found increasing linear effect. In the finishing phase was quadratic effect for economic efficiency ratio and average cost ratio of feed consumed and decreasing linear effect for partial gross revenue. In the third experiment, we used 32 pigs live weight of 22.64 Â 0.63 kg for evaluating the inclusion of HSC in diets with or without addition of an enzyme supplement composed of xylanase, glucanase and mannanase on digestibility of diets, blood concentrations of triglycerides and urea, performance, carcass characteristics and bioeconomic evaluation of rations. 4 treatments were used: control diet, 12% inclusion of HSC, 12% inclusion of HSC with reduced energy matrix in 100 kcal / kg with and without addition of enzyme complex with 8 replicates per treatment. Enzyme supplementation did not improve the digestibility of nutrients and energy. The inclusion of the ingredient reduced the level of serum urea in all evaluated phases. There were no treatment effects for growth performance, carcass characteristics and bioeconomic evaluation of rations. The inclusion of 12% of HSC without enzyme supplementation can be an economically viable food alternative in the production of pigs for slaughter.
Foram conduzidos trÃs experimentos envolvendo 78 suÃnos, machos castrados de linhagem comercial. No primeiro experimento foram utilizados 16 animais com peso vivo mÃdio de 23,94Â0,63 kg, com o objetivo de avaliar a composiÃÃo bromatÃlogica e os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes, balanÃo de nitrogÃnio e determinaÃÃo da energia digestÃvel e metabolizÃvel FPAM para suÃnos. Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas metabÃlicas e distribuÃdos em 2 tratamentos: raÃÃo controle e raÃÃo teste, sendo esta Ãltima composta por 70% da raÃÃo controle e 30% do FPAM. Cada tratamento com 8 repetiÃÃes. Apesar de o FPAM possuir adequada composiÃÃo bromatÃlogica apresenta baixa concentraÃÃo energÃtica 1.142 kcal/EM/kg e com base nesse resultado foram calculadas as raÃÃes dos demais experimentos. O balanÃo de nitrogÃnio foi prejudicado com a inclusÃo do FPAM. No segundo experimento, foram utilizados 30 suÃnos com peso vivo mÃdio de 22,73Â1,79 kg, com o objetivo de avaliar nÃveis crescentes do FPAM em raÃÃes para suÃnos em crescimento e terminaÃÃo sobre o desempenho, digestibilidade das raÃÃes, caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa, cor e pH das carnes e avaliaÃÃo bioeconÃmica das raÃÃes. Foram utilizados 5 tratamentos, considerando nÃveis crescentes do FPAM 0; 3; 6; 9 e 12% e 6 repetiÃÃes por tratamento. Os nÃveis crescentes do FPAM afetaram o desempenho, detectando-se efeito linear decrescente para o consumo de raÃÃo à medida que aumentou a inclusÃo do ingrediente, refletindo positivamente numa melhor conversÃo na fase de crescimento II. Ratificou-se que a inclusÃo de 12% do FPAM melhora os coeficientes de digestibilidade do extrato etÃreo, fibra em detergente neutro e energia bruta das raÃÃes. Verificou-se que a inclusÃo do FPAM nÃo afetou as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa, cor e pH das carnes dos animais. Houve efeito linear decrescente para todas as variÃveis econÃmicas da fase de crescimento II, exceto para o Ãndice de eficiÃncia econÃmica onde foi verificado efeito linear crescente. Na fase de terminaÃÃo houve efeito quadrÃtico para Ãndice de eficiÃncia econÃmica e Ãndice de custo mÃdio de raÃÃo consumida e efeito linear decrescente para receita bruta parcial. No terceiro experimento, foram utilizados 32 suÃnos de peso vivo mÃdio de 22,64Â0,63 kg para avaliar a inclusÃo do FPAM em raÃÃes com ou sem adiÃÃo de um suplemento enzimÃtico composto por xilanase, glucanase e mananase sobre a digestibilidade das dietas, concentraÃÃes sanguÃneas de triglicerÃdeos e ureia, desempenho, caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa e avaliaÃÃo bioeconÃmica das raÃÃes. Foram utilizados 4 tratamentos: raÃÃo controle, 12% de inclusÃo de FPAM, 12% de inclusÃo do FPAM com reduÃÃo da matriz energÃtica em 100 kcal de EM/kg com e sem adiÃÃo de complexo enzimÃtico com 8 repetiÃÃes por tratamento. A suplementaÃÃo enzimÃtica nÃo melhorou a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e da energia. A inclusÃo do ingrediente reduziu o nÃvel de ureia sÃrico em todas as fases avaliadas. NÃo foram observados efeito dos tratamentos para o desempenho zootÃcnico, caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa e avaliaÃÃo bioeconÃmica das raÃÃes. A inclusÃo de 12% do FPAM sem suplementaÃÃo enzimÃtica pode ser uma alternativa alimentar economicamente viÃvel na produÃÃo de suÃnos para o abate.
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Atadja, Franklin Komla. "Sustainability Challenges for Maize and Cassava Farmers in Amankwakrom Subdistrict, Ghana." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10243184.

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Agricultural system in Ghana underperformed because of limited financing, which constrained some small-scale maize and cassava farmers. The purpose of this case study design was to explore the methods that some small-scale maize and cassava farmers in Amankwakrom Subdistrict used in obtaining farm financing. Two themes from the literature review were a lack of collateral for small-scale farm financing and the small-scale farmers cooperative associations? role in farm financing. Regional-scale management sustainability index formed the conceptual framework for this study. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews with 8 fluent English speaking small-scale maize and cassava farmers who have obtained farm financing in the previous years. Using the Microsoft Excel and Non-numerical unstructured data indexing and theorizing software program for data analysis method, 3 major themes emerged: the farmer?s membership benefits of working in cooperative associations; farmer?s ability to provide the collateral requirements for the financial institutions; and farmer?s good loan repayment history. The study findings indicated that some small-scale maize and cassava farmers obtained farm loans because they used the cooperative associations as their collateral assets in order to satisfy for the requirements of the financial institutions. Social implications include the potential to guide the small-scale maize and cassava farmers to access farm credits to use in expanding their farm sizes. Expansion in farm sizes may result in more maize and cassava production that can help eliminate hunger and reduce poverty in the Amankwakrom Subdistrict of Ghana.

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Poku, Emmanuel Adu. "Improving phosphorus uptake by cassava (Manihot esculanata Crantz) using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10855.

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Phosphorus uptake cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz) were tested using on thirty-six plants per plot under dryland conditions at four different sites selected Bioresource group 1 (BRG 1) of northern KwaZulu-Natal of South Africa, which is described as Moist, Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm veld, exhibiting sub-tropical characteristics. Soils in this region are very low in Phosphorus (P) due to high fixation by iron and aluminium oxides. With its high root yields coupled with efficient nutrients miner, cassava removes large quantities of N, P, K and Mg. With the ever-increasing prices of P fertilizer, which impact on the socio-economic livelihood of smallscale farmers, there is the need to look into improving the P uptake by the crop by alternative means apart from using mineral fertilizers. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to improve P uptake by cassava in agricultural soils. Laboratory studies were conducted at Soil Fertility and Analytical Services in Cedara (Pietermaritzburg). A Latin Square design (LSD) was used. Four treatments used were Untreated (Control), P-fertilizer, AMF, and P + AMF. Correlation and path-coefficient (probabilities) were computed. The P + AMF were significantly (p<0.05) taller than those in P-fertilizer treatment plots but were significantly (p<0.05) similar to those in Control and AMF-treated plots. Percent leaf P was statistically similar at the four sites with grand mean of 0.4%. Adding AMF and P+AMF to the soil substantially increased leaf P concentration to 0.5%. Tubers collected from P+AMF-treated plots were significantly (p<0.05) the longest, while those from Control plots were the shortest. P, and AMF-treated plots increased tuber length relative to the Control. All soil treatments significantly (p<0.05) increased tuber yields over the Control-treatment plots. However, AMF and P+AMF treated plots were significantly higher than P and control plots. This study suggests that using AMF or P+AMF can improve cassava yield as compared P alone or control – untreated cassava plants. Cassava producers in northern KwaZulu- Natal should consider using AMF or P+AMF to optimize tuber yield. A further study into the economic implications of the use of AMF is recommended.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2014.
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Makwarela, Murunwa. "Optimisation of regeneration systems for a range of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) cultivars suitable for growth in South Africa and transformation with SACMV N-REP gene." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1640.

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Faculty of Science School of Molecular and Cell Biology 9714718d MMakwarela@arc.agric.za
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a vegetatively propagated root crop used as a staple throughout the tropics and subtropics. It is the fourth most important and cheapest staple food crop after rice, wheat and maize in developing countries, providing food for over 600 million people. However, its production is severely limited by a wide variety of viral and bacterial diseases, especially Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) which is caused by several geminivirus species including, South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV), African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) and the Ugandan recombinant virus (UgV). In South Africa (SA), there has recently been an enormous upsurge of interest in cassava for industrial applications such as the manufacture of starch, animal feeds, and in its potential as a food security crop for marginalised farmers. However, due to serious losses in cassava yields by begomoviruses, such as SACMV, there is an urgent need for the development of appropriate systems that allows for transformation and regeneration of virus-resistant transgenic cassava cultivars suitable for diverse needs and growth requirements in different geographical areas in southern Africa. The potential application of cassava tuber disks as an alternative system to leaf tissue for transformation and regeneration was investigated. Furthermore, the antibiotic, carbenicillin, was tested as a possible shoot inducing factor. Disks from freshly-harvested cassava tubers were cultured on 25 different sets of MS supplemented with zeatin (0.01-5 mgl-1) and indole-3-acetic acid (0.01-5 mgl-1). Carbenicillin at 500 μgl-1 was included in each treatment as a potential viii organogenesis inducing factor. The results observed after 21 days in culture indicated that non-embryogenic friable callus formed readily on MS medium supplemented with MS vitamins, 30 gl-1 sucrose, 0.01 mgl-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0.01 mgl-1 zeatin (ZEA), 500 μgml-1 carbenicillin and 0.8% agar, pH 5.8. Shoots or somatic embryos were never formed and only adventitious roots developed at a frequency of 60% on shoot induction medium supplemented with 2μM copper sulphate (CuSO4), 1 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The current study also investigated infection of cassava and tobacco by the SA begomovirus species SACMV, dimer A and B using the particle inflow gun. Full-length head-to-tail dimers of DNA-A and DNA-B of SACMV were constructed by digestion with SalI or EcoRI, respectively. The DNA-coated particles were used to shoot 3-week-old cassava plantlets (cv. TMS60444) at a pressure of 1500 psi using the Bio-Rad biolistic device. Thirty-day-old N. benthamiana seedlings were also inoculated in the same manner. In both cases young tender uppermost leaves were targeted (five plants inoculated and another 5 as control). Disease symptoms were recorded daily on the first emerging leaves. Cassava plantlets and tobacco seedlings showed infection by visibility of symptoms. On the other hand, control plantlets that were not inoculated were symptomless. Symptoms appeared 7 dpi in tobacco whereas mosaic symptoms became visible 14 dpi in cassava. The pre-requisite for any cassava transformation program that proposes to develop improved plants is the availability of a reliable regeneration system. Presently many laboratories that prioritize cassava research are able to reliably
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Chatakanonda, Pathama. "Water and starch chain mobility in cassava starch as monitored by NMR: Effects of heat-moisture treatments, growth conditions and harvest time." 2003. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3078673.

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This study focuses on applying Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to differentiate heterogeneous domains of starch Mobility and distribution of water and starch chains in cassava starch from crops grown in drought and rainy reasons, harvested at 6 months and 12 months, were investigated by deuterium (2H) solid state NMR and proton (1H) spin-spin relaxation time (T 2) distributions. Changes in water and starch chain mobility with heating, freezing, and acid hydrolysis were also studied. In a very low moisture range (<5% dry basis), all water present was immobile (rigid) in both drought and rainy cassava (A-type crystals), and potato starches (B-type crystal). Thus, the amount of bound water was irrespective of degrees of crystallinity and crystal types. The “Monolayer” value estimated from water sorption isotherms (7–9% dry basis) over-estimated the level of bound water in starch (when compared with NMR data). With increasing water content, T, decreased to a minimum at a moisture range of 14–17% (dry basis) marking its onset of molecular plasticization of the starch chains. Packed beds of starch granules (54% water, dry basis) were subjected to heating and freezing treatments. NMR T2 distributions of water and starch protons were characterized with a continuous model. Intragranular water (T2 ∼ 3 ms, disappeared below 0°C) and extragranular water (T2 ∼ 20 ms) were observed. An extra long T2 (∼100 ms) population (postulated as water associated with leached amylose) was developed upon gelatinization. The swelling and melting of starch from the drought crop were shifted to a higher temperature than those from the rainy crop resulting from a possible closer packing of rigid amylopectin and/or amylose chains. Upon gelatinization, rigid amylopectin (T2 ∼ 10 μs) disappeared, while the mobile amylopectin (in the amorphous region of semicrystalline lamellae, T2 ∼ 1 ms) increased. An additional fraction with very long T 2 (∼50 ms) emerged at 65°C and above indicating an increase in mobile/soluble starch. This study demonstrated a possible use of NMR to monitor changes in starch chains and related water mobility in intact starch granules, which is a unique feature not offered by other methods.
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Volk, John. "The effect of miombo and dambo soil transfers on early seedling growth of Bauhinia petersiana Bolle., Cassia spectabilis D.C., and Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn. on degraded miombo sites /." 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11197.

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Books on the topic "Cassava – Growth"

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Potential photosynthesis of cassava as affected by growth conditions. Crop Science, 1992.

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Potential photosynthesis of cassava as affected by growth conditions. Crop Science, 1992.

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Grass barriers in cassava hillside cultivation:rooting patterns and root growth dynamics. Field Crops Research, 1995.

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Grass barriers in cassava hillside cultivation:rooting patterns and root growth dynamics. Field Crops Research, 1995.

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Grass barriers in cassava hillside cultivation:rooting patterns and root growth dynamics. Field Crops Research, 1995.

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Cassava varietal response to fertilization: growth dynamics and implications for cropping sustanability. Experimental Agriculture, 1997.

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Cassava varietal response to fertilization: growth dynamics and implications for cropping sustanability. Experimental Agriculture, 1997.

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Influence of water stress on growth and formation of VA mycorrhiza of 20 cassava cultivars. In: Mycorrhizae: Physiology and Genetics. INRA, Paris, 1985.

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Influence of water stress on growth and formation of VA mycorrhiza of 20 cassava cultivars. In: Mycorrhizae: Physiology and Genetics. INRA, Paris, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cassava – Growth"

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Kawaye, Floney P., and Michael F. Hutchinson. "Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato Yield on Monthly Climate in Malawi." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 617–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_120.

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AbstractClimate change and climate variability in Malawi have negatively affected the production of maize, a staple food crop. This has adversely affected food security. On the other hand, there have been increases in growing area, production, yield, consumption, and commercialization of both cassava and sweet potato. Factors behind these increases include the adaptive capacity of these crops in relation to climate change and variability, structural adjustment programs, population growth and urbanization, new farming technologies, and economic development. Cassava and sweet potato are seen to have the potential to contribute to food security and alleviate poverty among rural communities.This study used a simple generic growth index model called GROWEST to model observed yields of maize, cassava, and sweet potato across Malawi between 2001 and 2012. The method can be viewed as a hybrid approach between complex process-based crop models and typical statistical models. For each food crop, the GROWEST model was able to provide a robust correlation between observed yields and spatially interpolated monthly climate. The model parameters, which included optimum growing temperatures and growing seasons, were well determined and agreed with known values. This indicated that these models could be used with reasonable confidence to project the impacts of climate change on crop yield. These projections could help assess the future of food security in Malawi under the changing climate and assist in planning for this future.
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Raimbault, M., and C. Ramirez Toro. "Growth of Rhizopus sp. on ungelatinized cassava flour in solid state fermentation for protein enrichment." In Advances in Solid State Fermentation, 169–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0661-2_14.

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Githunguri, C. M., and E. N. Njiru. "Role of Cassava and Sweetpotato in Mitigating Drought in Semi-Arid Makueni County in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 241–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_11.

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AbstractCassava and sweetpotato are major factors in food security across sub-Saharan Africa. Though cassava and sweetpotato varieties that are early maturing and resistant to diseases have been developed, many farmers still grow local varieties. Cassava and sweetpotato cultivars that mature between 6 and 12 and 3 and 4 months after planting, respectively, are available. The objective of the synthesis was to obtain a general overview of cassava and sweetpotato production in Matiliku subcounty of Makueni County in semi-arid eastern Kenya before the establishment of a seed system for them. Participatory rural appraisal and focused group discussions with key stakeholders in Makueni County on the current status of these crops provided very useful information. It was observed that there are a few early cassava and sweetpotato adopters, meaning a lot of effort in communicating the need to commercialize them needs to be made. Even though the farmers had sufficient experience in growing them at subsistence level, they were searching for cultivars that combine both nutritional and food security. There is a need to engage more extension service providers in order to campaign on their adoption. There is a need to carryout training and awareness creation on their role in food security and wealth creation.
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Singh, Sangeeta, Kamal Joshi, Sunil Choudhary, Rakesh Nagar, Bindu Nirwan, Neha Sharma, Kuldeep Sharma, Shiwani Bhatnagar, Diksha Bhola, and Ajit Varma. "Impact of Biofertilizer on Crop Yield of Isabgol (Plantago ovata) and Senna (Cassia alexandrina)." In Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture, 125–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6790-8_9.

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Mahmooduzzafar and M. Iqbal. "Growth Responses of Cassia sophera L. to Thermal Power Plant Emissions with Reference to Distance from the Source." In Environmental Stress: Indication, Mitigation and Eco-conservation, 219–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9532-2_20.

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Mithra, Velayudhan Santhakumari Santosh, A. R. Seena Radhakrishnan, and Divya K. Lekshmanan. "Computer Simulation of Cassava Growth." In Cassava. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71510.

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Carvalho, Luiz JCB, Josefino F. Filho, James V. Anderson, Pricila W. Figueiredo, and Songbi Chen. "Storage Root of Cassava: Morphological Types, Anatomy, Formation, Growth, Development and Harvest Time." In Cassava. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71347.

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"Cassava and Potato." In Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Field Crops, Third Edition, 457–75. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10160-17.

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Uarrota, Virgílio Gavicho, Deivid L. V. Stefen, Clovis Arruda de Souza, Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho, Rodolfo Moresco, Marcelo Maraschin, Fernando David Sánchez-Mora, Eduardo da Costa Nunes, Enilto de Oliveira Neubert, and Luiz Augusto Martins Peruch. "Advances in understanding cassava growth and development." In Achieving sustainable cultivation of cassava Volume 2, 3–36. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2016.0014.03.

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Steven Tumwesigye, Kashub, Jorge C. Oliveira, Sheila Namuwaya, and Maria Jose Sousa-Gallagher. "Cassava Biomaterial Innovations for Industry Applications." In Cassava - Biology, Production, and Use. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97493.

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Breakthrough innovations can spur growth in the modern era industry to realise sustainability and high returns on investments. Nowadays, biobased innovations for application in diverse industry sectors are considered as future pillars to counter resource depletion and ensure positive environmental impacts. Cassava is a strong flagship biomaterial promoting solution for resource-efficient use and green environment. Innovative industrial application of cassava biomaterials enriches literature, presenting cassava as a versatile and unrivalled crop that is cardinal for more sustainable environment and biodegradable industrial products. Work on novel cassava biomaterials, which are low-cost, unexploited and with zero competition for food supply, are included. Using an integrated sustainable process, it shows how to indirectly reduce waste streams, through their effective use, guaranteeing zero carbon footprints and acting as a non-traditional strategy for equilibrium atmosphere and active packaging systems. Applications of Cassava biomaterial in food, as food supplements and in packaging systems are also covered in this chapter.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cassava – Growth"

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Edhirej, Ahmed, S. M. Sapuan, Mohammad Jawaid, Nur Ismarrubie Zahari, and M. L. Sanyang. "Effect of cassava peel and cassava bagasse natural fillers on mechanical properties of thermoplastic cassava starch: Comparative study." In ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND GROWTH: Proceedings of the 3rd Advanced Materials Conference 2016 (3rd AMC 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5010532.

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Kamsen, Ratchaprapa, Saowalak Kalapanulak, and Treenut Saithong. "Modeling metabolic fluxes underlying cassava storage root growth through E-Fmin analysis." In CSBio2020: The 11th International Conference on Computational Systems-Biology and Bioinformatics. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3429210.3429234.

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Wijanarko, Andy, Agustina Asri Rahmianna, and Dian Adi Anggraeni Elisabeth. "The ability of organic matters in reducing nitrogen leaching and their effect on the cassava growth in Typic Hapludult." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115664.

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"Predicting Suitable Areas for Growing Cassava Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Techniques: A Study in Nakhon-Phanom Thailand." In InSITE 2018: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: La Verne California. Informing Science Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4068.

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Aim/Purpose: [This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2018 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 15] Although cassava is one of the crops that can be grown during the dry season in Northeastern Thailand, most farmers in the region do not know whether the crop can grow in their specific areas because the available agriculture planning guideline only provides a generic list of dry-season crops that can be grown in the whole region. The purpose of this research is to develop a predictive model that can be used to predict suitable areas for growing cassava in Northeastern Thailand during the dry season. Background: This paper develops a decision support system that can be used by farmers to assist them in determining if cassava can be successfully grown in their specific areas. Methodology: This study uses satellite imagery and data on land characteristics to develop a machine learning model for predicting the suitable areas for growing cassava in Thailand’s Nakhon-Phanom Province. Contribution: This research contributes to the body of knowledge by developing a novel model for predicting suitable areas for growing cassava. Findings: This study identified elevation and Ferric Acrisols (Af) as the two most important features for predicting the best-suited areas for growing cassava in Nakhon-Phanom province, Thailand. Together with other predictors, soil types contributed to the improvement of the overall model based the F-score. The Boosted Decision Tree was the best algorithm for predicting cassava in the area. Recommendations for Practitioners: Farmers and agricultural extension agents will use the decision support system developed in this study to identify specific areas that are suitable for growing cassava in Nakhon-Phanom province, Thailand. Recommendation for Researchers: To improve the predictive accuracy of the model developed in this study, more land and crop characteristics data should be incorporated during model development. The ground truth data for areas growing cassava should also be collected for a longer period to provide a more accurate sample of the areas that are suitable for cassava growing. Impact on Society: The use of machine learning for the development of new farming systems will enable farmers to produce more food throughout the year to feed the world’s growing population. Future Research: Further studies should be carried out to map other suitable areas for growing dry-season crops and to develop decision support systems for those crops.
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Reports on the topic "Cassava – Growth"

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Lagera, Anjela J., Lloyd O. Balinado, John Rex Baldomero, Hannah Fae I. Rotairo, Nariza L. Tero, Mailyn S. Maghinay, Irma F. Baluyo, et al. Varying Sugars and Sugar Concentrations Influence In Vitro Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of Cassia alata L. Journal of Young Investigators, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.33.1.42-45.

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