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1
Zimmer, J. S., S. D. Ferreira, J. R. Ramella, A. C. P. Rodrigues-Costa, and N. V. Costa. "Application of Sulfentrazone in Stages of Germination of IAC 90 Cassava Cuttings in Clay Soils and Sandy." Planta Daninha 33, no. 2 (June 2015): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-83582015000200016.
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Weeds interfere dramatically in the productive potential of cassava; however, information regarding herbicides that are selective to crops is still scarce. Thus, the aim in this study was to assess the initial growth of IAC 90 cassava plants after the application of sulfentrazone at different stages of germination of cassava in clayey and sandy soils. Three experiments were simultaneously deployed: the first experiment consisted in the application of sulfentrazone in the non-germinated stage of cassava cuttings; the second one in the stage of germinated cassavas cuttings (0.9 cm shoots); and the third one in applications in the stage of cassava cuttings with buds emerging (6.5 cm shoots and emerging from the soil). For each experiment the experimental design in randomized blocks was used in the 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with four replications. The factors were composed of two soils (sandy and clayey) and five doses of sulfentrazone (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 g ha-1). It was found that depending on the herbicide dose, development stage of the buds of cassava cuttings and the type of soil, damage can occur in the initial development of the IAC 90 cassava plants. The greatest potential of sulfentrazone selectivity has occurred in applications in the non-germinated cassava cuttings stage and in doses lower than 500 g ha-1 in the clayey soil.
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Indrastuti, Erning, Teti Estiasih, Elok Zubaidah, and Harijono. "Physicochemical Characteristics and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Spontaneously Combined Submerged and Solid State Fermented Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Flour." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 7 (November 12, 2019): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180515112908.
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Background: High cyanide varieties of cassava must be detoxified before consumption. Several studies showed detoxification of cassava by slicing, submerged fermentation (soaking), solid state fermentation, and drying. One of traditional detoxification is combination of submerged and solid state fermentation and the effect of this processing on cyanide reduction and food properties has not been evaluation yet. Objective: This research studied the effect of solid state fermentation time on physicochemical, starch granule morphology, and in vitro starch digestibility of cassava flour from high cyanide varieties of Malang 4, Malang 6, and Sembung. Methods: Three varieties of high cyanide grated cassavas were soaked for 3 days in ratio of water to cassava 1:1. After draining for 1 hour, grated cassava was placed in a bamboo container and put in a humid place for 3-day solid state fermentation. Fermented grated cassavas were then dried, milled, and analyzed. Results: Solid state fermentation similarly affected cyanide reduction and characteristics of cassava flour for three high cyanide varieties. The detoxification process reduced cyanide to 89.70-93.42% and produced flour with a total cyanide of 8.25-10.89 mg HCN eq/kg dry matters, which is safe to consume. Fermentation decreased cyanide, starch content, titratable acidity, swelling power, and solubility; meanwhile pH, amylose content, water absorption, oil absorption, and in vitro starch digestibility increased in all three varieties studied. Submerged fermentation reduced the pH thus inhibiting the degradation of linamarin and cyanohydrin into free HCN. pH value was increased by solid state fermentation, from 4.43 to 6.90 that optimum for linamarin and cyanohydrin degradation into free HCN. The submerged and solid-state fermentation indeuce spontaneous microbial growth that affected chemical composition of cassava flour. The changes of structure and morphology of starch granules affected pasting properties, and Increased in vitro starch digestibility due to damaged granules. Conclusion: Solid-state fermentation reduced cyanide content of all three cassava varieties into the safe level for consumption, and aiso changed chemical, physical, and functional characteristics and starch digestibility of cassava flour.
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Dewi, Pramesti, Retno Indrati, Ria Millati, and Sardjono Sardjono. "Effect of Lime Pretreatment on Microstructure of Cassava Stalk Fibers and Growth of Aspergillus niger." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 1 (April 2, 2018): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.13802.
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Cassava stalk can be converted into sugar-based product by using microorganism. Unfortunately, lignin act as a barrier of optimal bioconversion. Cassava stalk needs pretreatment process for removing this barrier. The effect of lime pretreatment on microstructure of cassava stalk fibers and the growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were observed in this research. The cassava stalks were reduced into 0.147- 0.297 mm size and pretreated with 1 % Ca(OH)2. Lime pretreated and unpretreated cassava stalk was used as solid medium for Aspegillus niger FNCC 6114. The effect of pretreatment method on fibers microstructure of cassava stalk was evaluated through SEM micrograph. The growth and metabolism activities of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were monitored through SEM micrograph of media after fermentation. The other parameters examined were changes in glucosamine, reducing sugar levels, and spores’ quantity. Lime pretreatment altered microstructure of cassava stalk fibers. However, cassava stalk without lime pretreatment gave better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 based on metabolism activities parameters. Cassava stalks is suitable as media for Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 through solid state fermentation. For better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 fine-sized cassava stalk should not be lime pretreated. The results of this study provide information about the pretreatment of cassava stems which was effective in supporting the growth of Aspergillus niger. Enhancements the utilization of cassava stems by using fungi, for example Aspergillus niger can overcome the accumulation of organic waste that can interfere with environmental sustainability.
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Putra, Andhika, and Wawan Setiawan Sinaga. "Supplementation of Cassava Leaf (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Field Grass in Sheep Growth." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 1, no. 3 (February 19, 2019): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v1i3.493.
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Supplementation of cassava leaves (ManihotesculentaCrantz) in the base grass field ration of male rams in the growth period aims to determine the effect of giving cassava leaves to the performance of sheepparameters measured in this study were consumption level, body weight gain and feed conversion in local sheep in the growth period. This study used randomized complete design (CRD) 4 treatments and 6 replications. Using male local sheep with an average body weight of = 12 ± 1.93. The treatment used T0 = without giving cassava leaves (Control), T1 = 25% cassava leaves, T2 = 50% cassava leaves, T3 = 75% cassava leaves. The results of the study with variance analysis showed no significant effect (p> 0.05)feed consumption level, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio the conclusion of this study is the supplementation of cassava leaves (ManihotesculentaCrantz) on grass-based rations did not provide a different growth increase in weaning local male sheep.
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Suwirya, Ketut, Muhamad Marzuqi, and I. Nyoman Adiasmara Giri. "EFFECT OF DIETARY CASSAVA MEAL ON GROWTH OF MUD CRAB, Scylla paramamosain." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.2.2.2007.121-125.
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<p>It is widely recognized that a major constraint to development of a mud crab aquaculture industry is the availability and formulation nutritionally adequate but relatively low cost diets. Development of artificial diets, which seek to minimize inclusion of expensive feed ingredients such as fish and terrestrial meals, is considered to be a priority for improving the profitability of this emerging industry. Typically, carbohydrates such as starches are relatively cheap and therefore offer opportunity to supply dietary energy at low cost. The study examines the capacity of mud crab, <em>Scylla paramamosain</em> to utilize a range of dietary cassava meal as carbohydrate source. Four levels of cassava meal were used at inclusion levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% in diets. Mud crabs will readily accept the diet containing relatively high levels of cassava meal. This experiment proved that mud crab which fed 10% dietary cassava meal gains weight more than the one fed diet without dietary cassava meal. The increasing level of cassava meal to more than 10% in diet reduced final weight and weight gain. To some extent, mud crab, <em>Scylla paramamosain</em> is capable to use dietary carbohydrate from cassava meal. The finding raises the possibility to include 10% cassava meal in formulation low cost diet for mud crab.</p>
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Ekwaro, Benson, Boniface Wanaku, and Sylvester Katuromunda. "GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF NEWLY RELEASED CASSAVA GENOTYPES AND HYBRID MAIZE TO INTERCROPPING." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i7.2019.676.
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Cassava/maize intercrops have been reported to be highly productive, mainly because of their different growth patterns. However, there is limited information on the influence of maize planting density in the cassava/maize intercrop on the performance of hybrid maize and improved cassava genotypes in Uganda. Thus, this study determined whether recently released cassava genotypes which are selected on the basis of monocrop performance, would perform equally well when intercropped with hybrid maize varieties. Cassava genotypes NAROCASS 1 and NASE 14 intercropped with Longe 6H maize were evaluated using randomized complete block design and three replications. Treatments were: Sole maize (SM), sole cassava (SC), alternate rows of cassava and maize (1C:1M), and one row of cassava alternating with two rows of maize (1C:2M). Intercropping significantly increased the maize plant heights in the 1C:2M system than in sole maize. Cob length and number of rows per cob decreased as the plant population density increased. Maize grain yield under the 1C:1M system was comparable to that of sole cropping. The 1C:2M system gave significantly reduced grain yields when compared with those at 1C:1M. Cassava root yield decreased in the order (SM>1C:1M>1C:2M). Although the yields of both cassava and maize under sole cropping were higher than their intercrop counterparts, intercropping was more productive than sole cropping as evidenced by the land equivalent ratios.
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Wasonga, Daniel O., Jouko Kleemola, Laura Alakukku, and Pirjo S. A. Mäkelä. "Growth Response of Cassava to Deficit Irrigation and Potassium Fertigation during the Early Growth Phase." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030321.
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) experiences intermittent water deficit and suffers from potassium (K) deficiency that seriously constrains its yield in the tropics. Currently, the interaction effect between deficit irrigation and K fertigation on growth and yield of cassava is unknown, especially during the early growth phase. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions using cassava cuttings. Treatments initiated at 30 days after planting included three irrigation doses (30%, 60%, 100% pot capacity) and five K (0.01, 1, 4, 16, and 32 mM) concentrations. The plants were harvested 90 days after planting. Decreasing irrigation dose to 30% together with 16 mM K lowered the leaf water potential by 69%, leaf osmotic potential by 41%, photosynthesis by 35%, stomatal conductance by 41%, water usage by 50%, leaf area by 17%, and whole-plant dry mass by 41%, compared with full-irrigated plants. Lowering the K concentration below 16 mM reduced the values further. Notably, growth and yield were decreased the least compared with optimal, when irrigation dose was decreased to 60% together with 16 mM K. The results demonstrate that deficit irrigation strategies could be utilized to develop management practices to improve cassava productivity by means of K fertigation under low moisture conditions.
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Tewe, O. O., J. H. Maner, and G. Gomez. "INFLUENCE OF CYANOGENIC GLUCOSIDE FRACTION OF CASSAVA ON PERFORMANCE, THIOCYANATE CONCENTRATION AND RHODANESE ACTIVITY OF RATS DURING GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 6 (January 19, 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v6i.2646.
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FEEDING of fresh and dried cassava (CMC 84 variety) containing 172.6 and 90.6mg FICN/Kg fresh material respectively caused a non-significant (P > 0.05) increase in daily feed intake as compared to a corn starch control diet. Growth rate of suckling rats was least on the fresh cassava diet and intermediate on the dried cassava diet. Post weaning feed consumption, growth rate and feed utilization were also considerably reduced by the cassava diets .The fresh cassava diet caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in serum thiocyanate of Weaning Rats. At the end of the post-weaning growth study period, serum thiocyanate was significantly (P < 0.01) higher on both the fresh and dried cassava diets. Rhodanese activity changes did not show any consistent treatment effect.
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Olorunnisomo, O. A. "Utilization of raw, cooked or fermented cassava-urea meal in a total diet for growing ewe-lambs." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 37, no. 2 (January 3, 2021): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v37i2.2042.
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The nutritive value of cassava meal (CM), raw cassava-urea meal (RCU), cooked cassava-urea meal (CCU), and fermented cassava-urea meal (ECU) mixed with other ingredients were evaluated in this study using West African dwarf sheep. Twenty ewe-lambs (6 months old) and twelve ewes (12 months old) were respectively used for growth and metabolic investigations. Dry matter (DM) intake was 2,1 3, 3.25, 3.20 and 3.35 % BW; growth rate 48.3, 67.5, 86.9 and 88.3 g/day; and feed conversion ratio (FC7R) was 8.76, 7.54, 6.49 and 6.52 for CM, RCU, CCU and ECU respectively. DM digestibility was 58.5, 68.4, 73.3 and 72.5 % while nitrogen retention Was 40.5, 30,9, 46.3 and 45.4 % for CM, RCU, CCU and FCU respectively. Nutrient utilization and growth of ewe-lambs fed cassava-based diets improved with addition of urea to cassava meal. Cooking or fermentation further improved nutritive value and feed conversion ratio of cassava-urea meal. Since fermentation requires less labour and energy costs than cooking, it may be the preferred option for processing cassava-urea mixtures for ruminant feeds by resource-poor farmers in Nigeria.
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Araújo, Narcísio C. de, Vera L. A. de Lima, Geovani S. de Lima, Elysson M. G. Andrade, Jailton G. Ramos, and Suenildo J. C. Oliveira. "Nutrient contents and growth of corn fertigated with human urine and cassava wastewater." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 9 (September 2019): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n9p681-686.
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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the contents of macronutrients (NPK and S) and the growth of ‘Potiguar’ corn fertigated with human urine, cassava wastewater and their associations with NPK. The experiment was set up in greenhouse located on Campus I of Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. A completely randomized experimental design was used, consisting of eight treatments, corresponding to fertigation with mineral fertilizer NPK formula; organic, composed of yellow water, cassava wastewater and human urine associated with cassava wastewater; organomineral, composed of human urine associated with phosphorus and potassium, cassava wastewater associated with nitrogen and phosphorus and human urine associated with cassava wastewater and phosphorus, with five repetitions. At 50 days after sowing (DAS), plants were evaluated for the leaf NPK and S concentrations and growth variables: number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry mass of leaves, mass of stem and shoots. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and the growth variables number of leaves, plant height, fresh and dry mass of leaves, mass of stem and of shoot were influenced by fertigation with human urine, cassava wastewater concentrations and their associations with NPK. In the leaves of corn cultivar Potiguar the accumulated concentrations of N, P and K, at 50 DAS, varied in the sequence N > K > P. Human urine has potential as source of N in fertigation of corn and cassava wastewater can be used if associated with other sources of nutrients.
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DANTAS, MARA SUYANE MARQUES, MARIO MONTEIRO ROLIM, ELVIRA MARIA REGIS PEDROSA, MANASSÉS MESQUITA DA SILVA, and DANIEL DA COSTA DANTAS. "GROWTH AND SEED YIELD OF SUNFLOWER ON SOIL FERTILIZED WITH CASSAVA WASTEWATER." Revista Caatinga 30, no. 4 (December 2017): 963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n417rc.
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ABSTRACT Cassava wastewater is the liquid residue of the cassava flour processing and its application to the soil as fertilizer for agricultural crops is a good alternative to sources of nutrients for plants. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and seed yield of sunflower on soil fertilized with cassava wastewater. A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, with six cassava wastewater rates (0, 8.5, 17, 34, 68 and 136 m3 ha-1) and six plant sampling times (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after sowing), using the sunflower cultivar Helio-250. The evaluated variables were total leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, shoot dry mass and sunflower seed yield. The use of cassava wastewater rate of 136 m3 ha-1 increases the seed yield, leaf area, leaf area index and shoot dry mass, and results in lower leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and leaf weight ratio of sunflower (cv. Helio-250) crops.
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Lestari, Tri, Rion Apriyadi, and Fajar Setiawan. "Morphological Performance of Bangka Local Cassava on Acid Soils with The Addition of Mycorrhiza." AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v2i1.20.
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The local cassava plant of Bangka has not been utilized optimally because its production is still low compared to national varieties. There are several ways to create good soil conditions to support plant growth in acid soils, such as the addition of mycorrhiza. The objective of the study was to increase the growth and production of Bangka local cassava in acid soils. The experiment had been conducted on acid soils with pH 4.4 (very acidic) and P-Bray 1 5.8 ppm (very low) in Balunijuk Village, Bangka Regency, from September 2016 - May 2017. This research used the experiment method with factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with two factors. The first factor was Bangka local cassava namely Sutera, Mentega, Batin, 3 Bulan and Malang variety (as the comparison) and second factor was mycorrhiza. The results showed Sutera accession had the highest plant height and production in acid soils. The addition of mycorrhiza as much as 50 g / plant can increase the growth and production of Bangka local cassava. The Bangka local cassava showed better growth quality but still have lower production compared with national varieties. Conservation of local cassava plants Bangka in acid soils can be optimized its growth by using local clones Bangka, but the production of national varieties is higher compared local cassava of Bangka
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Tudor, G. D., K. R. McGuigan, and B. W. Norton. "The effects of three protein sources on the growth and feed utilization of cattle fed cassava." Journal of Agricultural Science 104, no. 1 (February 1985): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600042933.
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SummaryThe nutritive value of diets predominantly of dried cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) tubers supplemented with protein concentrates, and roughage were measured in three experiments using steers.In Expt 1 the digestibility of diets of dried, chipped cassava tubers and tops (80:20) or rolled sorghum grain and cotton seed hulls (80:20), supplemented with 4 or 8% groundnut meal and urea, was determined. The apparent digestibility coefficients of organic matter (OM) of the cassava diets with 4 or 8 % groundnut meal (0·77 and 0·80, respectively) were significantly (P < 0·01) higher than grain diets with 4 or 8% groundnut meal (both 0·74). The digestibility of starch in the cassava diets was significantly (P < 0·01) higher than in the grain diets (1·00, 0·99, 0·94 and 0·93, respectively). There were no significant differences in the digestibility of the N component (0·62 and 0·61 v. 0·58 and 0·59, respectively). The N retained (g/day) was lower (P > 0·05) with cassava (7·8 and 6·8 v. 11·1 and 10·5, respectively) and was utilized (g/100 g apparently absorbed N) less efficiently (P > 0·05) (18 and IS v.28 and 27, respectively).The high apparent digestibility of the cassava diet suggests that cassava could replace cereal grain in intensive finishing diets. The N retention data suggest that groundnut meal is no better than urea as a N source.In Expt 2, 15 steers with a mean initial weight of 173 kg were individually fed pelleted diets of sorghum grain, cassava plus urea or cassava plus meat and bone meal (90 concentrate: 10 roughage). The cattle fed the grain diet ate significantly (P < 0·01) more OM (4·3 v. 3·4 kg/day), grew faster (P < 0·01) (1·21 v. 0·85 kg/day) and slightly more efficiently (P > 0·05) (3·6 v. 3·8 kg/kg) than cattle fed cassava with urea. Cattle fed cassava with meat and bone meal were intermediate between the two treatments for intake and daily gain (3·7 and 1·06 kg/day, respectively) but had the best feed conversion (3·5 kg/kg). The acetic/propionic acid ratio was similar on all three diets (1·2, 1·6 and 1·4:1, respectively), but the ratio of propionic/butyric was significantly (P < 0·01) different (5·8, 2·7 and 2·7:1, respectively).In Expt 3, 15 other steers with mean initial weight of 195 kg were individually fed pelleted cassava diets with 0, 5 or 10% fishmeal (82 cassava: 18 roughage). The intake of OM (4·2, 4·5 and 4·7 kg/day, respectively), daily live-weight gain (0·98, 1·27 and 1·32 kg/day, respectively) and feed conversion (4·3, 3·7 and 3·7 kg/kg, respectively) were all better in cattle fed cassava with fishmeal. The proportions of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid were similar to that recorded in cassava fed cattle in the earlier trial.It is concluded that cattle fed high energy diets based on dried cassava tubers can perform well. Although feed intake and daily gain of cattle fed cassava may be lower than for cattle fed grain diets, the conversion of food to live-weight gain should be similar or better.
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Aride, P. H. R., A. T. Oliveira, A. M. Oliveira, M. S. Ferreira, R. B. Baptista, S. M. Santos, and J. Pantoja-Lima. "Growth and hematological responses of tambaqui fed different amounts of cassava (Manihot esculenta)." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, no. 6 (December 2016): 1697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8704.
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ABSTRACT Tambaqui,Colossoma macropomum is a fish of primary importance in Brazilian aquaculture and in the Amazon region in particular. The aim of this work is to analyze the combined effects of physical training and levels of dietary cassava (Manihot esculenta) on the hematological parameters, food intake, conversion efficiency, growth ratio and swimming performance of this fish. A diet for tambaqui consisting of 30% cassava caused decreases in weight gain and specific growth rate compared with the control group. Diets containing 15% or 45% cassava did not affect these indices and did not cause hematological changes in tambaqui juveniles, indicating that some amount of cassava can be used as an alternative energy source for this important aquaculture species.
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Ba, Rafiatou, Teou Alfa, Fernand Gbaguidi, Kosi Mawuéna Novidzro, Kokouvi Dotse, Koffi Koudouvo, Ursula Houngue, et al. "Maize Fungal Growth Control with Scopoletin of Cassava Roots Produced in Benin." International Journal of Microbiology 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5671942.
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The chemical contamination of food is among the main public health issues in developing countries. With a view to find new natural bioactive products against fungi responsible for chemical contamination of staple food such as maize, the antifungal activity tests of scopoletin extracted from different components of the cassava root produced in Benin were carried out. The dosage of scopoletin from parts of the root (first skin, second skin, whole root, and flesh) was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The scopoletin extract was used to assess the activity of 12 strains (11 strains of maize and a reference strain). The presence of scopoletin was revealed in all components of the cassava root. Scopoletin extracted from the first skin cassava root was the most active both as inhibition of sporulation (52.29 to 87.91%) and the mycelial growth (36.51–80.41%). Scopoletin extract from the cassava root skins showed significant inhibitory activity on the tested strains with fungicide concentration (MFC) between 0.0125 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL. The antifungal scopoletin extracted from the cassava root skins may be well beneficial for the fungal control of the storage of maize.
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Ogbonnaya, Nwokoro. "Linamarase production by some microbial isolates and a comparison of the rate of degradation of cassava cyanide by microbial and cassava linamarases." Chemical Industry 70, no. 2 (2016): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind141028021o.
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Production of linamarase and the effects of media composition on enzyme production were studied. A total of eight linamarase-producing bacteria were isolated from fermenting cassava tubers and soil samples. Selection of the isolates was based on their high growth in media containing 800 mg/L potassium cyanide solution. Eight of the isolates which showed very high growth in the growth medium as demonstrated by increase in their optical density readings to at least 0.6 in the cyanide containing media were selected for further studies. The isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus cellobiosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis. All the isolates were grown in media containing Tween 80 solution and in control media without the surfactant. Best enzyme activity of 6.82 U/mL was obtained in the medium containing Tween 80 solution and Lactobacillus fermentum as the test bacterium. Comparatively, linamarase production by the isolates in media without Tween 80 showed lower enzyme productivity. Cassava endogenous and microbial enzymes were tested for their abilities to hydrolyze cyanide in cassava flour samples pretreated to either remove the endogenous or microbial enzyme. Residual cyanide in cassava flour samples treated with linamarase of Lactobacillus plantarum was undecteded in 30 h, while in contrast, the residual cyanide in cassava flour samples treated with endogenous linamarase was 0.39 mg/10g cassava flour after 80 h. Residual cyanide in the untreated control sample was 1.98 mg HCN /10g cassava flour after 80 h. The results from this finding demonstrated improved cassava cyanide degradation with microbial linamarase as compared to endogenous cassava linamarase. Massive inoculation of fermenting cassava tubers with the isolates reported in this study would enable better control of the cassava fermentation process and may lead to the production of standardized and non-toxic cassava food products.
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Santos, Érica Letícia Leal dos, Anne Karolyne da Silva, Thayla Morandi Ridolfi de Carvalho Curi, Edilson Costa, and Marçal Henrique Amici Jorge. "PRODUCTION OF 'FORMOSA' PAPAYA SEEDLINGS IN DIFFERENT PROTECTED ENVIRONMENTS AND ORGANIC SUBSTRATES." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 3, no. 2 (September 2, 2016): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v3i2.1107.
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It is aimed to evaluate the effect of cattle manure, and ground crushed cassava branches based substrates in the growth of 'Formosa' papaya seedlings under different environmental conditions. Four protected environments were tested: greenhouse in arched, covered with polyethylene film with a thermo reflective screen underneath it; similar greenhouse but without the reflective screen; monofilament nursery with 50% shade screen and thermo reflective nursery with 50% shade screen. In the protected environments, seedlings were accomodated in polyethylene bags (15.0 x 25.0 cm) were filled with cattle manure, and ground cassava branches based substrates in the following proportions: 100% cassava branches; 80% cassava branches and 20% cattle manure; 60% cassava branches and 40% cattle manure; 40% cassava branches and 60% cattle manure; 20% cassava branches and 80% cattle manure and 100% cattle manure. Because there was no repetition of the culture environment, each one was considered as an experiment. The substrates with 80 and 100% cattle manure promoted better growth. The cassava branches alone is a poor substrate. The black screened and the thermo reflective proved to be the best environments.
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EKE-OKORO, O. N., O. U. OKEREKE, and J. E. OKEKE. "Effect of stake sizes on some growth indices and yield of three cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta)." Journal of Agricultural Science 137, no. 4 (December 2001): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859601001320.
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The effects of five stake weights (50, 63, 75, 88 and 100 g) of three cassava cultivars (TMS 30572, TMS 91934 and NR 8083) on the growth and yield of cassava were studied for 2 years (1992/93 and 1993/94) in Nigeria. The leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area duration (LAD), harvest yield and harvest index (HI) were dependent on the weight of stake planted and were greatest at the stake weight of 88 g (875 kg/ha) irrespective of cassava cultivar. Variations in LAI, LAD and HI of stake weights between 75 and 100 g were non-significant. The profusely branching cassava cultivars, TMS 30572 and NR 8083, achieved greater LAI, CGR, NAR and LAD relative to the sparsely branching cultivar, TMS 91934. The significant growth and yield differences among the stake weights with the optimum at a stake weight of 88 g (875 kg/ha) indicates the need to adopt this stake weight for sustainable and improved growth and yield in cassava production.
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Magalhães, João Emílio de Souza, Evander Alves Ferreira, Maxwel Coura de Oliveira, Gustavo Antonio Mendes Pereira, Daniel Valadão Silva, and José Barbosa dos Santos. "Effect of plant-biostimulant on cassava initial growth." Revista Ceres 63, no. 2 (April 2016): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201663020012.
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ABSTRACT Biostimulants are complex substances that promote hormonal balance in plants, favor the genetic potential expression, and enhance growth of shoots and root system. The use of these plant growth promoters in crops can increase quantitatively and qualitatively crop production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial biostimulant on the initial growth of cassava. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial design, corresponding to two cassava cultivars (Cacau-UFV and Coimbra) and five biostimulant concentrations (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 mL L-1). At 90 days after planting, the characteristics leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, total dry matter and dry matter of roots, stems and leaves were evaluated. The biostimulant promoted linear increases in plant height, leaf number, leaf area, total dry matter, dry matter of stems, leaves and roots. The cultivar Cacau-UFV had a higher growth rate than the cultivar Coimbra. The growth promoter stimulated the early growth of the cassava crop.
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Hermann, Yéboué Kouamé, Amoikon Kouakou Ernest, Kouamé Konan Joël, Zoho Bi Foua Guy Alexendre, and Essé Sonia Estelle. "EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS AND DIGESTIVE BALANCE OF THREE CASSAVA-DISHES COMMONLY CONSUMED IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE AT WISTAR RATS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i11.2018.1088.
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Valuing local dishes can help eradicate undernourishment in west Africa. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate in wistar rat nutritional effects and digestive balance of attiéké, attoukpou and placali, three cassava-dishes, commonly consumed in Côte d'Ivoire. For this purpose, 5 diets were composed to conduct growth and digestive balance experiments in wistar rats. Staple foods of the five diets are cassava-based foods (attiéké, attoukpou and placali), potatoes starch and sucrose. Four diets contain 45% of starch from different foods (attiéké, attoukpou, placali and potato). The last diet is starch-free, and contains sucrose as source of carbohydrate. This study showed that, cassava based-diets (attiéké, attoukpou and placali) have resulted in very good growth of rats, the efficiency of these foods is better, starch of cassava dishes has a digestibility greater than 95%. However, because of the difference in culinary treatments, nutritional performance of attiéké is reduced compared to attoukpou and placali. Cassava-based foods, mainly attoukpou and placali, favored protein utilization in rat growth. Diets based on potato starch and sucrose have the lowest feed efficiency and a very low growth performance in rats. Consumption of Cassava dishes may therefore dampen undernourishment.
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Adeyeye, A., W. Akanbi, O. Sobola, W. Lamidi, and K. Olalekan. "The Growth and Tuber Yield of Cassava as Affected by Cassava Peel Compost Application." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 16, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2017/32048.
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Walker, N. "Cassava and tallow in diets for growing pigs." Animal Science 40, no. 2 (April 1985): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100025460.
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ABSTRACTIn two experiments 480 and 360 pigs were housed in groups of 10 and given diets containing different proportions of cassava between 35 and 87 kg live weight. The cassava contained 672, 34, 57 and 39 g/kg air dry matter of starch, crude fibre, total ash and insoluble ash respectively. The diets in the first experiment contained 0, 238, 475 or 713 kg cassava per t. In the second experiment the different levels of dietary cassava (0, 150, 300 or 450 kg cassava per t) were combined in a factorial design with different levels of tallow (0, 50 or 100 kg tallow per t). The pigs were given quantities of food calculated to give isoenergy intakes on the assumption that air-dry cassava contained 14·2 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg. The feeding scale increased with time to give a maximum daily allowance of DE of 31·8 MJ per pig. Relative to each MJ of DE the calculated levels of lysine and of methionine plus cystine in the diets were 0·64 g and 0·39 g respectively.In both experiments, increasing levels of cassava resulted in significant reductions in growth rate but had no effect on the conversion of food to live weight or on carcass weight. In both experiments, the diets with the highest inclusions of cassava produced pigs with the thickest backfat. The effect was not significant in the second experiment but in the first experiment the differences were significant between diets with the highest and intermediate levels of cassava. There was a significant interaction between cassava and tallow on growth rate with the depression due to high levels of cassava being reduced when 100 kg tallow per t was included in the diet.The results of these growth experiments suggested that cassava of the type used here was of similar value to barley on an energy basis when used in diets based on barley and soya bean meals.
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Amarullah, Amarullah, Didik Indradewa, Prapto Yudono, and Bambang Hendro Sunarminto. "Correlation of Growth Parameters with Yield of Two Cassava Varieties." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 1, no. 3 (August 30, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.10706.
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The correlation of major growth parameters with the yield of cassava in different growth phases was investigated in 2013 and 2014. This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of two cassava varieties and the different growth phases to the yield and yield components. In experiment, the varieties as treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Two varieties consisted of superior Adira-4 and local varieties Singgah were used. The growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number) and yield components (number of tuber, weight per tuber and tuber yield) in early growth phase, maximum vegetative growth phase and charging tuber phase, were observed. Based on the correlation results, the growth parameters and the yield highly affected to the final outcome of cassava tubers at different growth phases. In the early growth phase, occurs high demand to assimilate with the expense of storage root. However, from the maximum vegetative phase, growth parameters began to show a significant positive contribution to the tuber weight. Weight of fresh tuber in both varieties increased at the charging of tubers phase and thereafter (enlarged bulb). The early growth phase and maximum vegetative phase might not generate a significant contribution to the final yield of cassava tuber. Making those two periods were not suitable time for optimum harvesting result, and it still depended on the variety and its allocation.
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Ramos, J. G., Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima, Leandro Fabrício Sena, Narcísio Cabral de Araújo, Mariana De Oliveira Pereira, Márcia Cristina De Araújo Pereira, and Vitória Ediclécia Borges. "Initial Growth of Corn Using Human Urine, Cassava Wastewater and Cattle Manure as Source of Nutrients." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 11 (October 16, 2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n11p275.
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The present study aimed to analyze the initial growth of the corn hybrid AG 1051 cultivated in soil fertilized with human urine, cassava wastewater and cattle manure. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates and eight treatments: T1 (Control – without fertilization), T2 (HU – Human urine), T3 (CW – Cassava wastewater), T4 (BM – Cattle manure), T5 (BM + HU – Cattle manure + Human urine), T6 (BM + CW – Cattle manure + Cassava wastewater), T7 (HU + CW – Human urine + Cassava wastewater) and T8 (HU + CW + BM – Human urine + Cassava wastewater + Cattle manure). ESI (emergence speed index) and E% (emergence percentage) were determined by daily counting all seedlings emerged in a period of seven days and, at 15 DAS (days after sowing), plant height was measured. The use of cattle manure led to higher ESI and E% compared with the other treatments, as well as the variable plant height. For production variables, T5 caused highest increment in shoot dry phytomass and there were no significant differences between treatments for shoot dry phytomass. It was concluded that T4, T6 and T5 led to higher performance in the initial growth stage.
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Wulan Pawhestri, Suci, Eva Okta Verina, Sara Gustia Wibowo, and Mulia Safrida Sari. "The Effectiveness of Cassava Leaf Flour (Manihot esculenta C.) and Fish Flour as Artificial Meal on Growth of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)." BIOLOGICA SAMUDRA 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jbs.v2i1.2249.
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Aquaculture is an effort to look for profits through the maintenance and breeding of aquatic organisms in an environment. Agricultural waste that is not utilized by humans can actually be used as a mixture in the manufacture of tilapia fish feed as long as it has sufficient protein content such as old cassava leaves. This study aims to determine whether cassava leaf flour (Manihot esculenta C.) can be used as a mixture of fish meal ingredients in the manufacture of tilapia fish feed (Oreochromis niloticus) and at what concentrations of artificial feed made from a mixture of fish meal and cassava leaf flour is effective as a feed parrot fish. This research was conducted in the village of Sidodadi Asri, Jati Agung, South Lampung using RAL method with four treatments and two repetitions, namely commercial feed, mixed feed 75% Fish meal: 25% cassava leaf flour, 50% fish meal: 50% cassava leaf flour , and 25% fish meal: 75% cassava leaf flour will be tested on tilapia for 30 days. The parameters observed were the growth of tilapia, survival rate, protein content in feed, and pond water quality. From the results of research on the effectiveness of fish meal and cassava leaf flour (Manihot esculenta C.) as tilapia fish feed (Oreochromis niloticus) showed artificial feed with a mixture of 75% fish meal and 25% cassava leaf flour gave the most optimal growth results.
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Wardani, Nila, Aunu Rauf, Wayan Winasa, and Sugeng Santoso. "PARAMETER NERACA HAYATI DAN PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI KUTU PUTIH Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) PADA DUA VARIETAS UBI KAYU." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 14, no. 1 (January 20, 2014): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11464-70.
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ABSTRACTThe life history and population growth parameters of mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on two cassava varieties. The development, reproduction, and population growth parameters of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on two cassava varieties were studied in laboratory. The varieties tested were UJ-5 with high cyanide content (>100 mg per kg) dan Adira-1 with low cyanide content (27.5 mg per kg). Our research revealed that P. manihoti performances were highly affected by cassava varieties. Incubation period of eggs of P. manihoti were 7.93 ± 0.09 and 8.33 ± 0.11 days, nymphal development periode 12.32±0.13 and 15.67 ± 0.13 days, respectively on UJ-5 and Adira-1. Fecundity averaged 386.37 ± 5.83 on UJ-5 and 318.67±2.81 eggs on Adira-1. Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were 0.258 ± 0.001 on UJ-5 and 0.220 ± 0.001 on Adira-1. Mean generation time (T) on UJ-5 and Adira-1 were 22.795 ± 0.050 and 25.532 ± 0.047 days, repectively. Our findings showed that variety UJ-5 was more suitable for development and population growth of the cassava mealybug.
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Kaluba, Peter, Sydney Mwamba, Dany Pascal Moualeu-Ngangue, Martin Chiona, Kalaluka Munyinda, Etti Winter, Hartmut Stützel, and Benson H. Chishala. "Cropping Practices and Effects on Soil Nutrient Adequacy Levels and Cassava Yield of Smallholder Farmers in Northern Zambia." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (August 19, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1325964.
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Cassava is a staple food and a major source of income for many smallholder farmers. However, its yields are less than 6 t ha−1 compared to a potential yield of 20–25 t ha−1 in Zambia. Understanding cropping practices and constraints in cassava production systems is imperative for sustainable intensification. Therefore, a survey of 40 households each with three fields of cassava at 12, 24, and 36 months after planting (MAP) was conducted. Analyzed soil data, leaf area index (LAI), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, and management practices from 120 fields were collected and subjected to descriptive statistics. To explain yield differences within the same cassava growth stage group, the data were grouped into low- and high-yield categories using the median, before applying a nonparametric test for one independent sample. Stepwise regressions were performed on each growth stage and the whole dataset to determine factors affecting tuber yield. Cassava intercropping and monocropping systems were the main cropping systems for the 12 and 24–36 MAP, respectively. Cassava yields declined by 209 and 633 kg ha−1 at 12 and 36 MAP due to soil nutrient depletion for each year of cultivation until field abandonment at 8–9 years. Fresh cassava yields ranged from 3.51–8.51, 13.52–25.84, and 16.92–30.98 t ha−1 at 12, 24, and 36 MAP, respectively. For every one unit increment in exchangeable K (cmol (+)/kg soil), cassava yield increased by 435, 268, and 406 kg ha−1 at 12, 24, and 36 MAP, respectively. One unit increment of magnesium (cmol (+)/kg soil) gave the highest yield increase of 525 kg ha−1 at 24 MAP. The low levels of soil organic carbon explained the deficient nitrogen in cassava fields, which limits the LAI growth and consequently reduced intercepted radiation and low yields. The effect of exchangeable K on growth was limited by the moderate availability of Mg and low N, thus the need for balanced fertilizer regimes.
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Obadimu, A. O., O. O. Oluwatosin, I. O. Sanni, and A. O. Lala. "Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed diets substituted for maize with two varieties of cassava tuber." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i2.23.
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A 56 –day study was conducted to determine the growth performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens fed with two varieties (white and yellow) of cassava grit based diets. A total of 240 one day- old unsexed Arbor acre broiler chicks were assigned to eighty dietary treatments in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement using completely randomized design. Diets were formulated to include two varieties of cassava, TME 419 (white) and TMS 01 1368 (yellow) at four inclusion levels (0, 25, 50 and 75%). Each treatment consisted of 30 birds and three replicates of 10 birds each. Data was collected on growth performance and nutrient digestibility at the end of the starter (4th week) and finisher (8th week) phases. At the starter phase, birds fed 50% white cassava grits diet had the highest (P < 0.05) final weight and weight gain (730.00 and 693.67g/bird). At the finisher phase, birds fed 50% yellow cassava grits diet had the highest (P < 0.05) final weight and weight gain (2235.60 and 1454.00g/bird), respectively while the least final weight and weight gain values (2008.80 and 1267.80g/birds) were obtained in birds fed the control diet. At the starter phase, birds fed 75% white cassava grits diet had the best (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of 2.18, while birds fed 25% yellow cassava grits diet as well as those fed the control diet had the least (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of 2.62 and 2.51 respectively. Birds fed 50% yellow as well as those fed 75% yellow cassava grits diets had the highest dry matter and crude fibre digestibility at the starter and finisher phases, respectively. In conclusion the substitution of maize with white cassava grits up to 50% level improved growth performance at the starter phase. However, either white or yellow cassava can be substituted for maize up to 75 % at the finishing phase.
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Chibueze Izah, Sylvester. "Growth Pattern of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Cassava Mill Effluents." Journal of Plant and Animal Ecology 1, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2637-6075.jpae-18-2349.
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Nigeria is the world leading producer of cassava. During processing of gari from cassava tuber large volume of effluents are discharged in the environment which is toxic to the environment and some of its associated biota. This study evaluated the growth pattern of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in cassava mill effluents. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated from palm wine following standard microbiological procedure. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inoculated into the sterile effluents and incubated for 15 days. At every 3days interval, 1ml of the effluents was obtained from the medium and the population density determined. Results of the growth showed that the population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 0.00 x 106 cfu/ml at day 0 (without inoculum), which rose to 2.88 x 106 cfu/ml at day 3, 272.67 x 106 cfu/ml at day 12 and decline slightly at day 15 (13.57 x 106 cfu/ml). There was significant variations (P<0.05) among the various period of study. The study showed that the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the effluent was optimum at day 12, then after the density began to decline.
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Janket, Anon, Nimitr Vorasoot, Banyong Toomsan, Wanwipa Kaewpradit, Piyada Theerakulpisut, Carl Corley Holbrook, Craig K. Kvien, Sanun Jogloy, and Poramate Banterng. "Accumulation Dynamics of Starch and Its Granule Size Distribution of Cassava Genotypes at Different Growing Seasons." Agriculture 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090380.
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This study aims to evaluate seasonal variation on starch production of different cassava genotypes planted under irrigated condition. Three cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50, Rayong 11 and CMR38-125-77) were evaluated in two different growing seasons, i.e., early rainy seasons (ERS) and post rainy seasons (PRS) for two years. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was employed in each growing season. The starch yield was more strongly associated with growing season (28.3%), whereas starch content, amylose content, amylose-amylopectin ratio were more associated with genotypes (19.9–30.7%). Planting cassava in the ERS had rapid growth rates of starch yield and granule size in early growth stages, whereas planting cassava in the PRS had rapid growth rates of these traits in the middle to late growth stages. Cassava planted in the PRS had higher starch yield than the ERS for most genotypes except for Rayong 11, which had no significant differences between growing seasons. The yield and content of starch and size of starch granule continuously increased from four to twelve months after planting (MAP) for most cassava genotypes. Unlike other genotypes, CMR38-125-77 in the ERS gave the highest starch yield and its granule at 10 MAP; however, at 12 MAP, it was still higher than other genotypes. CMR38-125-77 was a preferable genotype, since it had a faster rate of starch formation and more starch and amylose contents, as well as starch yield in both ERS and PRS.
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Araújo, Narcísio Cabral de, Vera Lucia Antunes Lima, Jailton Garcia Ramos, Elysson Marcks Gonçalves Andrade, Geovani Soares de Lima, and Suenildo Jósemo Costa Oliveira. "Contents of macronutrients and growth of ‘BRS Marataoã’ cowpea fertigated with yellow water and cassava wastewater." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 3 (April 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2309.
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Agricultural utilization of yellow waters associated with cassava wastewater is a sustainable technique, since it allows reduction of costs related to acquisition of industrialized fertilizers and minimizes the environmental pollution caused by the inadequate disposal of these effluents. In this context, this study evaluated the macronutrient macronutrient content and growth of cowpea fertigated with yellow water associated with cassava wastewater and NPK as source of nutrients. The experiment was set up in a greenhouse located at Campus I of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The experimental design was completely randomized, composed of five treatments characterized by: fertigation with mineral fertilizers, in the form of NPK; organic fertigation composed of human urine, cassava wastewater, human urine plus cassava wastewater; and organo-mineral fertigation composed of urine, cassava wastewater and mineral phosphorus, with four replicates. At 36 days after sowing, the following parameters were determined: contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and the variables number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot fresh matter and shoot dry matter. The use of yellow waters promotes significant increases for growth and production variables for nitrogen and potassium contents mainly, as well as for growth and production variables. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were higher than the levels considered as adequate for the cowpea crop. The use of human urine and cassava wastewater have potential to meet the needs for the main macronutrients required by cowpea and the irrigation via fertigation with these biofertilizers positively influences the development of cowpea.
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Kortei, N. K., V. P. Dzogbefia, and M. Obodai. "Assessing the Effect of Composting Cassava Peel Based Substrates on the Yield, Nutritional Quality, and Physical Characteristics of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kummer." Biotechnology Research International 2014 (December 17, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/571520.
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Cassava peel based substrate formulations as an alternative substrate were used to grow mushrooms. The effect of two compost heights, three composting periods on the mycelia growth, physical characteristics, yield, and nutritional qualities of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kummer was studied. Mean mycelia growth of 16.2 cm after a period of seven (7) weeks was the best for 1.5 m compost height. Cap diameter and stipe length differed significantly (P<0.05) with the compost heights (0.8 m and 1.5 m). The yield on compost height of 1.5 m, composted for 5 days, differed significantly (P<0.05) from that of 0.8 m and gave increasing yields as follows: cassava peels and manure, cassava peels only, cassava peels and corn cobs (1 : 1 ratio), and cassava peels and corn cobs (1 : 1 ratio) with chicken manure. Composting periods (3 and 7 days) gave varying yields depending on the compost height. Based on the findings an interaction of 1.5 m compost height and 5 days composting period on cassava peels and corncobs (1 : 1 ratio) with chicken manure produced the best results. The nutritional quality of the mushrooms also differed significantly (P<0.05), indicating that cassava peels could be used as a possible substrate in cultivation of mushroom.
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Fanou, Andre A., and Kerstin Wydra. "Removal of Symptomatic Cassava Leaves as Cultural Practice to Control Cassava Bacterial Blight." International Journal of Phytopathology 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.003.03.0774.
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The cassava landrace BEN 86052, susceptible to cassava bacterial blight (CBB), was chosen for the field experiments conducted in the forest savannah transition zone at Abomey-Calavi, Benin Republic. One month old plants were spray-inoculated with Xanthomona axonopodiss pv. manihotis (Xam) strain GSPB 2506 to achieve a homogenous infection across all plots. Disease development and cassava growth parameters were monitored over 12 months. Diseased leaves were removed four times at an interval of three weeks. A detailed symptom evaluation of percentage of spots, blight, wilt and dieback revealed significant reduction of blight and wilt symptoms in removed leaves plots. Disease severity was reduced by 71% in plots with leaf removal compared to non-removed leaves plots. Growth parameters leaf, stem and root weight at 6 and 12 months after planting were not significantly different between removed leaves and non-removed leaves plots. In fact, removal of infected leaves had no significant effect on root yield and reduced the epidemic potential of cassava bacterial blight in the field in the same season and the transfer of the infection by contaminated cuttings to the next season. Removal of diseased leaves should be highly effective in cassava fields with low disease incidence and specifically recommended for moderately resistant or resistant cultivars as part of an integrated management to control the cassava bacterial blight.
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Amosun, Josephine Olutayo, and Vincent Oluwatomisin Aduramigba-Modupe. "Influence of Groundnut Populations on Weed Suppression in Cassava-Groundnut Systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 5 (April 13, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n5p72.
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<p>Cassava was grown in sole cropping and intercropping with groundnut to determine the performance of associated crops and weed control at three different groundnut populations in southern Guinea ecology of Nigeria. The experiment consisted of three planting arrangements: 1 row of cassava:3 rows of groundnut, 1 row of cassava:2 rows of groundnut, and 1 row of cassava:1 row of groundnut, sole groundnut at the three planting populations and sole cassava. The groundnut treatments suppressed weeds considerably when compared to sole cassava. This resulted from the vegetative production of groundnut which increased up to 8 weeks after planting (WAP) in 2001 and 12 WAP in 2002. More vegetative growth in 2002 led to lower groundnut yield. Intercropping significantly (p < 0.05) reduced leaf area of cassava, groundnut and cassava yields. Cassava/groundnut system reduced cassava yields by 26 to 74% in 2001 and by 15 to 19% in 2002. The LER values were greater than 1.0 but cassava intercropped with groundnut population of 40,000 plants/ha has a value of 1.89, which was highest. This offers a good weed control as well as the best crop yield advantage. Therefore, groundnut population of 40,000 plants/ha was most ideal population for cassava/groundnut intercrop.</p>
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Odubanjo, O. O., A. A. Olufayo, and P. G. Oguntunde. "Water use, growth, and yield of drip irrigated cassava in a humid tropical environment." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 1 (March 1, 2011): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/45/2009-swr.
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Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Experimental Farm of The Federal University of Technology, Akure, during 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons to investigate the response of cassava under drip irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were based on four different water regimes; with T100 receiving 100% available water (AW), T<sub>50</sub> and T<sub>25</sub> receiving 50% and 25% of AW and T<sub>0</sub> with zero irrigation (control treatment). Disease free stems of the cassava cultivar TMS 91934 were planted at a spacing of 1 m by 1 m. The results indicated that T<sub>100</sub> full treatment produced the highest average total dry matter yield of 49.12 and 37.62 t/ha in 2006/07 and 2007/08 cropping seasons, respectively. However, the average total dry matter production in T<sub>50</sub>, T<sub>25</sub>, and T<sub>0</sub> showed significant differences in their values. Low total dry matter yields of 7.12 and 5.92 t/ha, respectively, were associated with T<sub>0</sub> for the two cropping seasons. The total water use of 1491.75 and 1701.13 mm was recorded for T<sub>100</sub>, while total water use of 729.00 and 651.13 mm were obtained for T<sub>0</sub> in the two cropping seasons. The water use efficiency determined for the two cropping seasons ranged between 7.38 kg/ha and 32.93 kg/ha. The percentages of total water applied from total water use for T<sub>100</sub> were 51.11% and 61.72%, while 14.83% and 17.85% were recorded for T<sub>25 </sub>for 2006/07 and 2007/08 cropping seasons, respectively.
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Tewe, O. O., T. A. Job, J. K. Loosli, and V. A. Oyenuga. "Cassava Diets and Performance of Rats over Two Reproductive Cycles." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 3, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v3i2.2513.
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FRESH and dried bitter (high HCN) cassava, dried sweet (low HCN) cassava and a commercial pellet diet were fed to rats during two life-cycles. First litter birth weights of rats on fresh Cassava diets were significantly (P<0.05) lower than on other diets. Performance of rats on sun dried cassava diets were probably more affected by the fungal growth on the sundried chips, rather than influence of its hydrocyanic acid content. Histopathological examination of thyroid tissue revealed that thyroidal epithelial heights were significantly (P<0,05) lower in the second litter offspring of the fresh cassava group than in others. Alopecia was also observed in these rats.
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P.O, Aiyelari, Odede A.N, and Agele S.O. "Growth, Yield and Varietal Responses of Cassava to time of Planting into Plantain Stands in a Plantain/Cassava Intercrop in Akure, South-West Nigeria." Journal of Agronomy Research 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-19-2967.
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A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farms of The Federal University of Technology Akure to evaluate the responses of cassava varieties to time of planting in plantain-based intercropping system in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. The objectives were to identify the more compatible cassava variety for intercrop with plantain examine e the appropriate time to introduce cassava varieties into plantain/cassava intercrop and to identify the more compatible cassava variety for intercrop with plantain. The experiment involved the use of two varieties of cassava (TME 419 non branching and TMS 98/0581 moderately branched) planted at spacing of 1 x 1 m into the alleys of false horn plantain variety space at 3 x 2 m. The treatments were sole plantain, sole cassava varieties (TME 419 poorly branched variety and TMS 0581 branching variety), plantain + he respective cassava varieties (TME 419 and TMS 98/0581) at the same time, and plantain + the respective cassava varieties (TME 419 and TMS 98/0581) at 4 weeks after planting>the treatment plot size was 9 m x 6 m. The plantains and the two cassava varieties were planted sole as the control treatments. The introduction of cassava into plantain as intercrop was carried out at different times which were; at the same time with plantain, and at four (4) weeks after planting plantain. Data on growth parameters such as; plant height, pseudo-stem girth, number of leaves were taken for plantains, while plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, number of branches, height at branching were taken for cassava at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after planting (WAP). Yield parameters such as; bunch weight, number of fingers, number of hands, length of fingers, girth of fingers, weight of hands, weight of fingers were taken for plantains while number of tubers, weight of tubers, girth of tubers, length of tubers, fresh root yield, shoot biomass, were taken for cassava at harvest. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. The results showed a higher growth and yield performance for TME419 (49.2 t/ha) and TMS98/0581 (45.7 t/ha) planted sole, and TME 419 (39.5 t/ha) intercropped at planting compared to TMS 98/0581 (24.4 t/ha) intercropped at planting, TME 419 (21.7 t/ha) and TMS 98/0581 (15.7 t/ha) intercropped at 4 week after planting (WAP), respectively. But there was no significant difference (P<0.05) recorded for the growth of plantain, whereas the yield of sole plantain was higher and differed significantly (P<0.05) from the yields of intercropped plantain. All the treatment combinations had land equivalent ratio (LER) and area time equivalent ratio (ATER) greater than 1. Plantain + TME 419 intercropped at the same time recording the highest LER and ATER (1.48 and 1.5) while plantain + TMS 98/0581 had the least 1.11 and 1.14 respectively. The cost benefit analysis for the treatment combinations showed that TME 419 planted sole had the highest return of ₦3.567 per ₦1 invested, TME 419 intercropped at the same time gave a return of ₦3.416 per ₦1 invested, which was greater than other intercropped treatments. Intercropping cassava with plantain at the same time, as well as the use of TME 419 variety gave the best performance in terms of growth, yield, land equivalent ratio, area time equivalent ratio and returns on investment. This combination are recommended for plantain-based intercropping system involving cassava in the study area.
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Triwiyono, Bambang, Abdurachman Abdurachman, and Aton Yulianto. "VARIOUS FACTORS AFFECT THE QUALITY OF FERMENTED CASSAVA STARCH." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan 20, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v20i2.1607.
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Fermented cassava starch is one of modified cassava starch products and used in many countries in several food products. The fresh extracted cassava starch is modified by a process of fermentation and sun drying by means the traditional methods. Several works have shown that fermentative process alters the starch granule, giving fermented starch its characteristics are different from those of the native cassava starch. The main difference between fermented cassava starch[A1] and native cassava starch reside in the expansion property. Understanding the transformation of physico-chemical properties of cassava starch during fermentation is important for controlling the production processes. This discourse refers to the several works that intend to chemically show the expansion property of fermented cassava starch, considered a chemically and enzymatically modified product, with acidic characteristics, perforated granules and high expansion capacity. Expansion is a natural characteristic of fermented cassava starch, defined as the growth rate of the dough during oven cooking, also referred to as expansion rate. The main aim of this discourse is to get a better understanding how to manage the production processes in order to achieve greater consistency in the quality of sour cassava starch.Â
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Fulton, M. C., and C. J. Asher. "Zinc treatments applied to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) setts changes early growth and zinc status of plants." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 7 (1997): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96093.
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Summary. Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in nutritional trials on a Zn-deficient lateritic red earth that was replaced after bauxite mining at Weipa (12°28"S, 141°53"E). The symptoms developed at 2 weeks after emergence, despite the band application of 0–32 kg Zn/ha and were not related to rates of Zn or other fertilisers applied to the soil. The Zn deficiency in the cassava plants was attributed to low Zn in setts before root access to soil and fertiliser Zn. Two techniques were studied to establish if they could be used to correct Zn deficiency early in the growth of cassava: one was the fertilisation of cassava plants before cutting the stems for planting setts, and the other was soaking cassava setts in Zn solutions for various times at 101 kPa (atmospheric pressure) or 51 kPa (partial pressure). Setts, after treatments, were planted into pots of lateritic soil from Weipa. Plants grown from setts soaked in ZnSO4 solutions varying from 17.4 to 348 mmol Zn/L did not develop Zn-deficiency symptoms, whereas, 62% of plants grown from either unsoaked setts or setts soaked in water developed symptoms. However, the prior fertilisation of cassava plants failed to decrease the incidence of Zn deficiency in plants and did not increase the Zn concentration in setts. Several treatments in Zn solutions were found to significantly increase the Zn concentration in setts, were not detrimental to shoot emergence nor the subsequent growth of plants, and provided an adequate Zn concentration in leaf blades. These treatments were: soaking in 17.4 or 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 5 h and in 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 0.5 h at 51 kPa; and soaking in 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 5 h and in 139 mmol Zn/L for 0.5 and 5 h at 101 kPa. These treatments could be used to overcome early Zn deficiency in cassava plants where the deficiency is a problem despite the soil application of Zn fertilisers.
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Wabali, Victor C., and Obisie Favour. "Performance of Different Substrates on Growth Parameters of (Pleurotus ostreatus) Mushroom." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 2 (April 24, 2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.2.265.
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Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom was cultivated on sawdust supplemented with different substrates, Cassava peel, Yam peel, and dried plantain leaf. Various treatment combinations of control, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, 12.5%, 15.0% and 17.5% carried out. Preparation of spawn, inoculation, incubation, and harvesting were done. Growth parameters of mean height, weight, diameter of fruiting bodies, mean stem girth and number of fruiting bodies were evaluated. Results showed that sawdust supplemented at 10% treatment level with Cassava peel was significantly higher than substrates in weight (229.34 g), height (95.01 cm) and number of fruiting bodies (103.21).
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Orhue, Ehi Robert, Enogiomwan Esther Imasuen, and Daniel Enuenweyoi Okunima. "Effect of Cassava mill effluent on some soil chemical properties and the growth of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.422.
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In the trials, Cassava mill Effluent was used for fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) cultivation in order to verify the influence of the effluent on the growth and some soil chemical properties. In this regard, a completely randomized and randomized complete block designs were used in the greenhouse and field trials respectively with 6 treatments replicated 3 times. In the greenhouse, the following rates of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ml per 5 kg topsoil were used while in the field trial, 0, 40000, 80000, 120000, 160000 and 200000 litres/ha were utilized. The rates used in the field were equivalent to those of greenhouse. In both trials, the cassava mill effluent was applied 2 weeks prior to transplanting the seedlings. Results indicated that the cassava mill effluent significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil pH, organic carbon, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu and Zn whereas the exchangeable acidity decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with corresponding increase in cassava mill effluent treatments. Except N and Na, which declined with corresponding increase in the cassava mill effluent treatments, an improved P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn components was achieved in cassava mill effluent polluted plants compared to control. The plant height, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with increased cassava mill effluent treatment in the greenhouse trial while in the field trial, 120000 litres/ha was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than other treatments. In the greenhouse trial, significantly (P < 0.05) higher number of leaves was attained in 100 ml treatment compared to other treatments whereas in the field trial, the 120000 and 200000 litres/ha were significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to other treatments
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Taslim, Luriana, Amzul Rifin, and Siti Jahroh. "PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN TERHADAP KINERJA USAHA MIKRO DAN KECIL OLAHAN UBI KAYU DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 8, no. 1 (June 8, 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2020.8.1.33-42.
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Cassava is the most processed staple food crops in Indonesia. Processed cassava micro and small enterprises (MSEs) are responsible for most cassava value-adding process. The major obstacle to the growth of MSEs is financing—a problem of the limited source of fund. Despite the presence of government financing support to MSEs, the number of processed cassava MSEs that have involved financing is still low. This study aimed to analyze the financing impact on the performance of processed cassava MSEs and to identify which factors influence the performance of processed cassava MSEs. Cross-sectional data of the MSEs Survey conducted in 2015 by Badan Pusat Statistik and analysis tool Multiple Linear Regression was used to answer the research objectives. Results showed that financing had a positive and significant impact on processed cassava MSEs’ sales revenue, but did not have any impact on their assets. Factors that significantly affected the performance of processed cassava MSEs were working hours per day, input value, training, products marketed in town, and business belongs in chips industry.
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Lopes, Esmeralda Aparecida Porto, Almir Dias Alves da Silva, Adália Cavalcanti do Espírito Santo Mergulhão, Emmanuella Vila Nova da Silva, Antônio Dias Santiago, and Márcia do Vale Barreto Figueiredo. "CO-INOCULATION OF GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA AND Glomus clarum IN MICROPROPAGATED CASSAVA PLANTS." Revista Caatinga 32, no. 1 (March 2019): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n116rc.
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ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and growth promoting bacteria in plants (PGPBs) benefit the survival and development of plantlets; such benefits are attributed to the increased absorption of nutrients, increased photosynthetic rate and tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the co-inoculation PGPBs and the AMF, Glomus clarum, improves the growth of micropropagated Manihot esculenta Crantz. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse. The PGPBs used were Azospirillum amazonense (BR 11140), Herbaspirillum seropedicae (BR 11175), Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (BR 11284) and Streptomyces sp. (S 30) and mixtures with double inoculation (Streptomyces sp + A. amazonense, Streptomyces sp + H. seropedicae, Streptomyces sp + G. diazotrophicus, A. amazonense + H. seropedicae, A. amazonense + G. diazotrophicus, and H. seropedicae + G. diazotrophicus). Strains of PGPBs inoculated in cassava cv. "BRA Pretinha III" influenced mycorrhizal colonization and the number of glomerospores, and synergistic effects occurred between Glomus clarum and PGPBs. The crude protein content revealed the contribution of PGPBs to nitrogen nutrition in cassava where the inoculated plants assimilated N in equal proportion with those that received mineral nitrogen. The combined inoculation of PGPBs in the presence of Glomus clarum was significant in cassava and fostered better performance in plant growth over time, similar to all the variables studied. Co-inoculation of PGPBs and AMF can meet the N need of cassava, with implications for the reduced use of N fertilizer.
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OLASANTAN, F. O., A. W. SALAU, and E. E. ONUH. "INFLUENCE OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA) INTERCROP ON GROWTH AND FRUIT YIELDS OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM SPP.) IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA." Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 1 (January 2007): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706004200.
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In tropical Africa, pepper (Capsicum spp.) is grown as a rainfed crop, and its production is limited by the long, hot growing season. Field experiments were conducted in Nigeria to evaluate the effects of cassava (Manihot esculenta) on the growth and yields of three pepper cultivars and gross returns in 2001–2003. In Experiment 1, pepper (cv. Sombo) was planted between rows of cassava cvs Idileru (PI), Odongbo (PO) and TMS 30572 (PT). In Experiment 2, pepper cvs Sombo, Tatase and Atarodo, were mixed with TMS 30572 (MS, MT or MA). The growth environment for the intercropped pepper differed from sole crops of pepper. Radiant energy reaching the soil surface, maximum diurnal soil and canopy temperatures, and weed growth were lower with intercropping, with the lowest values being observed in the PI and PT intercrops. Similarly, soil moisture content and the number of earthworm casts were greater with intercropping, with the highest values also occurring in the PI and PT intercrops. In both experiments, fresh fruit yields of pepper depended on the duration of harvest, the number of fruits per plant and the weight of fruits. In Experiment 1, although the number of fruits and fruit yield of cv. Sombo were greater in the sole crop (SP) than the PO intercrop, the fruit yields in the PI and PT intercrops were similar to those of the SP plot. In Experiment 2, the number of fruits and yield of intercropped pepper cvs Tatase, Sombo and Atarodo were 25–28 % higher, on average, than in pure stands. Cassava tuber yield was not affected by intercropped pepper in either experiment. Total gross returns were greater than growing either pepper or cassava in monoculture. Increased total gross returns in the intercrops were obtained in the PI and PT treatments and in the MS and MA treatments without a significant reduction in pepper fruit yield. By promoting early fruit set and harvest, and bearing in mind the cumulative gross returns, mixing pepper and cassava enhanced the value of the vegetable, as early fresh pepper fruits command a premium price. It is concluded that pepper can be grown between cassava rows to provide a suitable environment for growth, but that this depends on the cassava cultivar. Using the less tall early cassava cultivar, with a relatively moderate leaf area index in a mixture with pepper is therefore recommended.
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Ali, Alimuddin, Muhammad Juanda, A. Farchan SJahid, and Herlina Rante. "Improving Cassava Productivity by Soil Bioaugmentation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Actinomycetes and Fungi." Jurnal AgroBiogen 16, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v16n2.2020.p89-96.
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<p>Cassava is one of the most important food commodities, but its cultivation technique must be improved, especially the technology in increasing soil fertility. Lack of phosphate (P), one of the major biological nutrients in soil, can reduce<br />agricultural production. Some P-solubilizing microbes can play an important role in increasing the availability of P for plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of P-solubilizing microbes isolated from cassava rhizosphere in improving the growth of cassava after soil bioaugmentation with the formula of selected microbes. A total of 50 isolates were successfully isolated from cassava plant rhizosphere collected from several locations in South Sulawesi. In vitro screening on Pikovskaya agar media resulted in six Actinomycetes and six fungal isolates with the best P hydrolysis capacity. One Actinomycetes isolate<br />(Streptomyces sp. A-SDR01) and one fungal isolate (Penicillium sp. F-SKG17) with nonantagonistic effect to each other based on in vitro test were able to improve the vegetative growth of cassava under in planta test. Combination of both isolates in a gum arabic formulation increased plant height and productivity compared to untreated plants when applied as soil bioaugmentation in limited field trials at four locations in South Sulawesi. Therefore, application of P-solubilizing microbes that possess soil bioaugmentation properties is recommended for increasing the growth of cassava plants and their use as<br />microbial biofertilizers should be extended to wider areas.</p>
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Hossain, MA, JR Amin, and ME Hossain. "Feasibility study of cassava meal in broiler diets by partial replacing energy source (corn) in regard to gross response and carcass traits." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 3, no. 2 (February 2, 2014): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17846.
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Day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were used to investigate the growth responses and meat yield traits by nourishing them under four dietary treatment group in inclusion of cassava meal with partial substitution of valuable energy source (maize or corn). A total of 260 birds were assigned randomly into four dietary treatments [T1 (0%); T2 (10%); T3 (20%), and T4 (30%)]; each replicated 5 times, 13 birds/replicate in a completely randomized design. Birds were reared with ad libitum feeding, similar housing, and environmental management condition from d1-35 days. Growth responses of broilers in terms of feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), livability and meat yield traits were assessed in this study. Except for first week, the feed intake of birds on cassava treated diets up to 21 and 35 days was significantly (p<0.001) higher than the non-cassava or control diet (T1). Feed intake of broilers on cassava treated diet (T4 ) had the highest (2795.8 g/b) while the birds of control (T1) diet group consumed the lowest feed (2771.9 g/b) at 35 day. Live weight decreased (p<0.001) with the inclusion of cassava meal diets up to 21 day only; and live weights up to 7 and 35 days were identical between treatment. FCR up to 21 day was improved (p<0.001) on control diet (T1) and deteriorated on cassava treated diets. FCR values up to 7 and 35 days were unaffected by all the treatment groups. Neither the livability nor the meat yield traits (thigh, breast, drumstick, shank, neck, giblet, wing and dressing yield) of broiler chickens was influenced by the dietary treatments regardless of feeding broiler chickens with cassava or non-cassava diets in this study. It may be deduced based on the present findings that, cassava tuber meal might be a potential ingredient to replace the costly maize up to 300 g kg-1 without affecting growth performance of the broiler chickens. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17846 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (2): 59-65, December, 2013
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Golle, Diego Pascoal, Jana Koefender, Roberta Cattaneo Horn, Natália Piuco, Cristiane Kaiper, and Juliane Nicolodi Camera. "Temporary Immersion Bioreactors: Establishment of Cassava." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p176.
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz-Euphorbiaceae) is one of the most important crops for world agriculture. It is the main source of many family’s calorie intake and contributes toward food security. Its cultivation is necessitated sterile vegetative propagules with essential physiological and genetic quality, which can be obtained by plant tissue culture techniques. However, the maintenance of in vitro propagation processes requires automation, making large-scale production feasible. This work aimed at developing protocols for the establishment of cassava cultivation in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIBs). Two nutrient media (MS medium reduced to half-strength of the salt concentration and the same formulation plus 4,43µM of 6-Benzylaminopurine [BAP]) and different culture cycles were evaluated in Bioreactors (15 minutes of immersion and 4 hours of stationary phase [15M4H]; 15 minutes of immersion and 8 hours of stationary phase [15M8H]). The establishment of culture in bioreactors was promising. Based on our results, the use of MS medium without growth regulators was more effective for shoot formation; there were differences in the 15M4H cycle when growth regulators were used. However, the 15M8H cycle had better performance in both treatments: with or without growth regulators. The use of culture medium without BAP led to better rooting; calli formation increased when BAP was used. The present research investigation indicated the use of MS medium reduced to half- strength the salt concentration without the presence of growth regulator and the use of the culture cycle constituted by 15 minutes immersion and 8-hour intervals in stationary phase was effective for Cassava cultivation in TIBs.
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Avivi, Sholeh, Bella Rhea Lavifa Sanjaya, Shinjiro Ogita, Sri Hartatik, and Sigit Soeparjono. "Morphological, physiological and molecular responses of Indonesian cassava to drought stress." NOVEMBER 2020, no. 14(11):2020 (November 10, 2020): 1723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.11.p1961.
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In Indonesia, investigations of drought-tolerant cassava by characterizing the morphological, physiological, and molecular responses have not been carried out. This research was aimed to characterize the morphological, physiological, and molecular features of 10 Indonesian cassava varieties (Adira 1, Malang 1, Cimanggu, Kaspro, Ketan, Litbang UK-2, Malang 4, Malang 6, UJ-3, and UJ-5) under drought stress. 30 days after planting, drought stress was applied by stopping irrigation of plants for 15 days. The plant height, root system, and wilting were measured as morphological responses of cassava. For physiological responses, the percentage of opening stomata, chlorophyll, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were also investigated. Gene expression of MeGBF3 and MeMSD was evaluated to analyze the response of candidate drought-tolerant genotypes. The studied parameters revealed that drought stress inhibits the growth of cassava. Some genotypes could not survive because the excessive content of H2O2 would be toxic to plant cells and disturb the plant growth. The up-regulated gene expressions of MeGBF3 and MeMSD has correlations with morphological and physiological responses of cassava to drought stress. Adira 1 and Kaspro are thought as drought-tolerant genotypes due to the morphological, physiological, and molecular responses.
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Sofyan, Ahmad, Hendra Herdian, Awistaros Angger Sakti, Gumilang Khairulli, and Anuraga Jayanegara. "PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC MINERAL ADDITIVE FOR RUMINANT THROUGH BIOLOGICALLY INCORPORATED BY SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE IN DIFERENCE SUBSTRATES." Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia 17, no. 2 (December 10, 2015): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jkti.v17i2.30.
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This research was conducted to evaluate physical and chemical properties of organic mineral additive incorporated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae which was cultivated on different growth media consisted of cassava flour and rice bran, respectively. Treatment was arranged on completely randomized design consisted of rice bran without inoculants (RBo), rice bran with inoculants (RBi), cassava flour without inoculants (CFo), cassava flour with inoculants (CFi). Substrates were fortified by microminerals contained of Cu (100 ppm), Mn (100 ppm), Zn (100 ppm), I (10 ppm), Fe (2.5 ppm) and Co (2 ppm). Inoculation of S. cerevisiae could reduce fungal contamination. Physical characteristic of cassava flour was better in flavour and texture than rice bran in which tends to rancidity. Nutrients composition was similar in cassava and rice bran however crude fibre content in rice bran tends to be higher after fermentation. Mineral content (Zn and Fe) relatively decreased and in substrate supplemented by inoculant and rice bran had higher than cassava. In summary, micromineral was incorporated in cassava flour with inoculated S. cerevisiae had better than rice bran.Keywords: Organic mineral, cassava flour meal, S. cerevisiae, rice bran, ruminant.
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Rahman, Nurhamidar, Hani Fitriani, Nurhaidar Rahman, and N. Sri Hartati. "The Influence of Various Growth Regulators on Induction Organogenic Callus from Gajah and Kuning Cassava Genotype (Manihot esculenta Crantz)." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 22, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v22i2.9305.
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Kuning and Gajah genotypes are two collections of cassava in the Biotechnology Research Center for Germplasm, LIPI with the advantages of each genotype are high beta carotene and high production. The multiplication in in vitro culture can be done one of them through organogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using 2,4-D; NAA and Kinetin are used singly for the formation of organogenesis of cassava in the Kuning Cassava and Gajah genotypes. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Modification of Plant Biosynthetic Pathways, Biteknologi Research Center, LIPI, Bogor since January - February 2018. The source of explants were young leaves and petiols from cassava plant culture in vitro genotypes of Gajah and Kuning yam which were three months old. in culture. The basic media used as a planting medium were Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with the addition of growth regulators (ZPT) singly, 2,4-D, NAA and Kinetin with two concentrations of ZPT each, 8 and 10 mg L- 1 This research was arranged based on a completely randomized design factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. All data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and if there is an influence then proceed with the DMRT test with an error rate of 5% using the SPSS program. The highest number of Kuning genotype cassava organogenic callus that developed into shoots on the medium added by ZPT was 2.4 D and kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Formation of the best organogenic callus in petiol explants in the media with the addition of a single 2,4-D and Kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Keywords: Cassava, growth regulators, organogenic.