Journal articles: 'Cassava - Silage'

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Oduguwa, B. O., A. O. Jolaosho, and M. T. Ayankoso. "EFFECTS OF ENSILING ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MINERALS CONTENTS OF GUINEA GRASS AND CASSAVA TOPS SILAGE." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 34, no. 1 (2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v34i1.2450.

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An experiment to determine the effects of ensiling on the physical properties, chemical composition and mineral contents of guinea grass and cassava tops silage was carried out between January and April, 2004. Cassava (Manihot esculentus var.Texas Cranz) tops and guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq var. Ntchisi) were ensiled alone and in mixture using plastic containers lined with polythene sheets. The experiment was a completely randomized design with three replicates comprising of the three plant mixtures i.e. cassava silage, guinea grass silage and mixture of the two. The result of the experiment showed that the silage from the three plant mixtures was similar physically. Although ensiling reduced the DM and CP contents slightly, the lower pH of between 3. 92 and 4. 38 showed that the silage was well preserved with improved quality due to the drastic reduction in hydrocyanide (HCN) content of cassava tops. Mixing guinea grass and cassava top produced average qualities especially in terms of the structural carbohydrates such as ADF, NDF and lignin with HCN content reduced and increased CP content (25.48%) and minerals. Other properties such as DM, moisture, ash, organic kmatter, cellulose, hemicellulose, gross energy and pH were not significantly different in the silages from the three plant mixtures i.e. guinea grass, cassava tops and mixtures of guinea grass and cassava tops. It was concluded that mixing guinea grass with cassava tops improved the quality of silage produced that ensiling any of them sole.

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Noviadi, R., Zairiful Zairiful, and A. A. Candra. "IMPROVEMENT OF CARBON-TO-NITROGEN (C/N) RATIO BY MAKING CASSAVA LEAF SILAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN DIGESTIBILITY IN GOAT." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 15, no. 2 (2018): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v15i2.35522.

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The study has been conducted in the laboratory and goats pen of the Department of Animal Husbandry, State Polytechnic of Lampung, Indonesia. The study lasted for six months with complete randomized design four treatments and six replications. A total of 24 local goats were used in this study. Treatment applied P1 = Silase with C / N ratio 17.88; P3 = Silage with C / N ratio 19.88; P2 = Silage with C / N ratio 18.88; and P4 = Silage with C / N ratio of 20.88. The observed variables of physical quality, nutrition, and nutrient apparent digestibility of cassava leaves silage. The result was material composition with C / N = 18,88 yielding physical characteristic of cassava leaves silage and the best nutrient apparent digestibility.

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PITIRINI, Juliana Schuch, Rosana Ingrid Ribeiro dos SANTOS, Francy Manoely da Silva LIMA, et al. "Fermentation profile and chemical composition of cassava root silage." Acta Amazonica 51, no. 3 (2021): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202004410.

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ABSTRACT The use of cassava root silage for animal feeding is a suitable option for farmers who grow cassava as an alternative product and for cattle ranchers who have to deal with high prices of corn. Our objective was to determine the effects of cassava genotypes and the correction of soil acidity on the microbial population, fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, aerobic stability and losses of cassava root silage. We used a 2 × 3 factorial design in completely randomized blocks, with four replications. We evaluated two cassava genotypes (Caeté and Manteiguinha) and three methods of soil acidity correction (lime, gypsum, and lime+gypsum). The roots were harvested 11 months after planting, ensiled in PVC silos, and stored for 45 days. No interaction was observed between genotypes and soil acidity correction for any of the evaluated parameters. The silage of Caeté genotype showed the highest concentration of dry matter (421 g kg-1 fresh matter) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (893 g kg-1 dry matter), and the lowest concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (37.1 g kg-1 dry matter) . No significant differences were observed among treatments for lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mold counts in silages. Both genotypes resulted in silages with an adequate fermentation profile and considerably high aerobic stability, but with high effluent loss. The Caeté genotype showed to be potentially better for silage production due to its higher dry matter recovery. Due to the high level of effluent loss, it is recommended to test the effect of a moisture-absorbing additive during the ensiling process of these cassava roots.

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Araújo, Gherman Garcia Leal de, Genilson Amaral Santos, Tadeu Vinhas Voltolini, et al. "Chemical composition and fermentative characteristics of old man saltbush silage supplemented with energy concentrates." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 3 (2018): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n3p1155.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation profile and chemical composition of old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) silage supplemented with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) scraps or grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in the proportion of 10% based on natural matter. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 7 factorial arrangement (3 treatments and 7 opening days), with three replications. The treatments consisted of three silages: old man saltbush silage, old man saltbush silage + cassava scrap, and old man saltbush silage + grain sorghum. The experiment was conducted at the EMBRAPA Semiarid Animal Nutrition Laboratory, located in the city of Petrolina-PE. Twenty-one experimental silos were used for each treatment; these silos were opened after 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days in ensiling. The pH, ammoniacal nitrogen and total nitrogen ratio, dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, mineral matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrate, and dry matter in vitro digestibility. The additives grain sorghum and cassava scrap increased the dry matter content and reduced pH values. N-NH3 NT-1 values increased as the fermentation processes progressed, and after 56 fermentation days were close to 11%. Silages were classified as excellent in the fermentation process. The addition of cassava scrap and grain sorghum favors the ensiling process of the old man saltbush, providing improvements in the silage nutritive value. During the storage period, the use of these additives promoted a reduction of total losses, inhibition of alcoholic fermentation, and greater carbohydrates recovery, resulting in silage with a nutritive value similar to that of fresh forage, representing an alternative source of additives.

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OLIVEIRA, Aline Cardoso, Rasmo GARCIA, Aureliano José Vieira PIRES, et al. "Elephant grass silages with or without wilting, with cassava meal in silage production." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 18, no. 3 (2017): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402017000300002.

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SUMMARY The experiment was developed to evaluate the effects of wilting and inclusion of cassava meal level on nutritive value, fermentative characteristics and losses of elephant grass silage. The 4 x 2 factorial scheme was adopted, with four repetitions, in a completely randomized design. The factors evaluated were wilting (without and with) and cassava meal level (0; 7.5; 15 and 22.5% of natural matter, DN). PVC silos with 50 cm height and 10 cm diameter were used for silages production, which were opened after 60 days. The wilting and cassava meal addition had increasing linear effect on DM content. Silages with cassava meal showed reduction of total nitrogen, ether extract, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber ash and protein free, acid detergent fiber, celluloses, hemicelluloses and lignin contents and increase of organic matter content, DM in vitro digestibility and total digestible nutrients. Relative to variables inherent to silages’ fermentative characteristics, pH presented quadratic behavior. Concerning to ammonia nitrogen, it was observed quadratic and decreasing linear behavior for silages without and with wilting, respectively. Wilting and cassava meal inclusion provided smaller effluent losses.

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Abegunde, T. O., S. O. Babalola, B. T. Adeoye, A. O. Usman, and O. M. Akinfemi. "Nutritive Value and Preference of Guinea-Grass Ensiled with or without Additive by West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats." Tropical Animal Science Journal 44, no. 2 (2021): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.2.173.

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A study was designed to investigate silage additives’ effect on preference and nutritive value of five weeks re-growth guinea grass by West African dwarf (WAD) goats. The silages of five weeks re-growth guinea grass were made without additive (T1), with cassava peels additive (T2), and with fermented epiphytic juice of lactic acid bacteria in Panicum maximum (FEJPM) additive (T3). The effects of silage additives on preference, voluntary feed intake, growth, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization were assessed using 18 growing WAD goats (BW: 5.88±0.26 kg) in a completely randomized design. Dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 silage (40.70 g/100g) than in T1 silage (39.00) and T3 silage (34.60). Crude protein values were similar (p>0.05) in T1 and T3 silages (10.63 and 10.72 g/100g DM) that were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in T2 silage (12.54 g/100g DM). The silages of guinea grass had acceptable physical attributes in terms of color, odor, and texture, with pH values ranging from 3.87- 4.97. T1 and T3 silages were rejected, whereas T2 silage was accepted well by the experimental WAD goats. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly (p<0.05) the highest in the WAD goats fed T2 silage (303.30 g/day), and the lowest (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (271.60 g/day). Similar to the ADFI, the highest average daily gain (ADG) was found in WAD goats fed T2 silage (37.25 g/day), and the lowest ADG (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (24.50 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of WAD goats fed T2 silage (8.15) was superior to those of WAD goats fed T1 silage (13.63) and T3 silage (9.66). Crude protein and dry matter digestibility values were higher (p<0.05) in WAD goat fed T2 silage (68.24 and 63.87%, respectively) than in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen intake and balance were significantly (p<0.05) the highest in WAD goats fed T2 silage (12.41 and 8.68 g/day, respectively), and these variables were similar in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the silage additives. It was concluded that cassava peels were better than FEJPM as a silage additive since it improved fermentative quality, acceptability, feed intake, and digestibility of guinea grass silage by WAD goats.

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Ologhobo, A. D., and A. M. Balogun. "The Value of Dried Fish Silage for Pullet and The layer Hen." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 14 (January 16, 2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v14i.2610.

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Two experiments were conducted with golden Hubbard pullet chicks to investigate the replacement effects of locally prepared fish silage for imported fish meal in pullet and layers' rations. Acidic and neutral fish silage preparations concentrated with either maize or cassava plus groundnut meal and wheat offals, were fed as a substitute for fish meal. Results with pullets showed good feed consumption for all dietary treatments but feed efficiency was decreased (P<0.05) for neutral cassava, acidic maize and acidic cassava fish silage treatments. Pullet mortality was between 0.18 and 4.17%, being significantly (P<0.05) highest in the acidic fish silage diets. Lipid retention, metabolizable energy (ME) and efficiency of energy utilization (ME%) were similar across all treatments except for neutral maize fish silage, in which ME was slightly high and lipid retention low. Egg production and egg size significantly (P<0.05) decreased among groups of birds fed acidic maize acidic cassava and neutral cassava fish silage diets. Similarly, the efficiency of feed conversion to eggs decreased (P<0.05) in all fish silage substituted diets.

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Khandari, Sabila Mumtaz, and Siti Jahroh. "KELAYAKAN USAHA TERNAK DOMBA DENGAN INTRODUKSI PAKAN SILASE DAUN SINGKONG (Kasus di Desa Petir, Kecamatan Dramaga Kabupaten Bogor)." Forum Agribisnis 5, no. 2 (2017): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.5.2.213-224.

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The majority of sheep farmers in Indonesia are small-scale ones who use grass which depends on weather as the feed. Petir Village is one of the villages in Bogor Sub-district where the sheep farmers raise their sheep traditionaly. Cassava leaf silage can be an alternative of good quality feed. Introduction of cassava leaf silage can affect the feasibility of livestock business. This study aimed to analyze the feasibility of sheep farming in terms of financial and nonfinancial aspects of introducing cassava leaf silage. Feasibility of non-financial aspects were analyzed using the legal, markets and marketing, management, technical, social, and environmental impact aspects. Whereas feasibility of financial aspects were analyzed using the feasibility criterias Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Gross Benefit-Cost Ratio (Gross B/C), and Payback Period. By introducing cassava leaf silage, the results of market and marketing, social, and environmental aspects showed that the business was feasible. Meanwhile, the result of financial analysis on the condition of introducing cassava leaf silage feed was not feasible for any business scale. Cassava leaf silage was not feasible when done individually so the formation of farmer groups can be a solution. In addition, farmers need information and training related to the implementation of cassava leaf silage to sheep.

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Hidayat, Nur. "Karakteristik dan Kualitas Silase Rumput Raja Menggunakan Berbagai Sumber dan Tingkat Penambahan Karbohidrat Fermentable." Jurnal Agripet 14, no. 1 (2014): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v14i1.1204.

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(Characteristics and quality of king grass silages treated with various sources and level of carbohydrate fermentable)ABSTRACT . An experiment was carried out from April 1st up to August 18 th 2013. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of source and level fermentable carbohydrate as an additive on the characteristic of ensilage and the contents of crude protein and crude fibre of king grass silage. The methods of this study was experimental, by using Completely Randomized Design. There were 9 treatments, each of which consisted of three replications. The treatments were : A = 1 % of mollases; B = 2 % of mollases; C = 3 % mollases; D = 5 % of rice bran E = 10 % of rice bran; F = 15 % of rice bran; G = 5 % of of cassava cake; H = 10 % of of cassava cake; I = 15 % of cassava cake. Note: all percentages were on the basis of king grass fresh weight. The observed variable were physical characteristics (color, aroma, texture, fungi), pH, temperature, and nutrient contents (crude protein and crude fibre). The result of this study showed that the color change of the silage was as follow: at the 14th and 28th day. The treatment had highly significant effect (P 0.01) on the color, texture, and fungi of the silage and the content of crude protein, and had no significant effect (P0,05) on the aroma (smell), temperature, pH and crude fibre. The contrast orthogonal test to the color, aroma, infestation of fungy, crude protein, the treatment of ABC was different relative to those of DEFGHI treatments. This study could be conclude that by wilting of king grass (water content of 60 %), the 1–3 of 3 % of mollases snd 5-15 % usage of rice bran an additive the results are better compared to the usage with additive of cassava cake, viewed from silage’s physical quality as well as its nutrient contents.

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Koten, Bernadete Barek. "Perubahan Anti Nutrisi pada Silase Buah Semu Jambu Mete sebagai Pakan dengan menggunakan Berbagai Aras Tepung Gaplek dan Lama Pemeraman (Change of Antinutritive Value of Chestnut Fruit (Anacardium occidentale) Silage in Combination with Various Level of." Buletin Peternakan 34, no. 2 (2012): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v34i2.93.

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate antinutritive value of chestnut fruit silage in combination with various level of cassava meal addition and time of fermentation. The study was conducted for 8 month at Ratulodong countryside, district of Tanjung Bunga and at Nutrition and Fodder Laboratory. This experiment was conducted in 2 treatment factors with 3 replication. The first factor was various level of cassava meal e.i. 0, 3, 6, and 9%, and the second factor was time of fermentation e.i. 20, 40, and 60 days. The result showed that silage technonogy with various cassava meal level and fermentation time significantly (P&lt;0.01) decreased antinutritive value of chestnut fruit. Tannin content decreased in line with increasing level of cassava meal and time of fermentation. Higher tannin at 0% cassava meal with fermentation time of 20 days (0.35%), and lower at 3% cassava meal with fermentation time of 40 days (0.06%). The highest phytic acid content at 9% cassava meal with fermentation time of 40 days (5.48%), and the lowest at 6% cassava meal with fermentation time of 20 days (2.38%). Tannin and phytic acid content were decreased during fermentation process and lower than fresh fruit chestnut. It could be concluded that silage technonogy could be applied at chestnut fruit. This technology increased the benefit of chestnut fruit as feed ingredient because it decreased antinutritive value. The lowest antinutritive value at 0% cassava meal with fermentation time of 60 days.(Key words: Silage, Chestnut fruit, Cassava meal, Fermentation time, Tannin, Phytic acid)

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Artanti, Okni Winda, Muhammad Ridla, and Lilis Khotijah. "PENGGUNAAN DAUN UBI KAYU (Manihot esculenta) DENGAN PENGOLAHAN BERBEDA TERHADAP PERFORMA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA JANTAN." JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU 7, no. 2 (2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jipt.v7i2.p223-229.

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of fresh, dried or silage cassava leaf to the performances of male Etawa Crossbreed (EC) goats. Fourteen male EC goats (grouping based on body weight with a weight range K1: 19-20 kg; K2: 20-21 kg; K3: 21-22 kg; K4: 22 kg) were allocated in housed individually throughout 90-day trial duration (14 days for animal's adaptation to the experimental diets and 7 days of faeces collection). Experimental design was randomized complete block design consisted of 3 treatments and 4 replications: concentrate + fresh cassava leaf (T0); concentrate + dried cassava leaf (T1); and concentrate + silage cassava leaf (T2). Concentrat was given at level of 50% (3% BW) and forage was given ad libitum respectively for each treatments. Variables observed were feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there were significant effect of treatments were continued using Duncan multiple range test. The results of this experiment showed that the processing of cassava leaf increased on dry matter intake, crude protein, total digestible nutrient (TDN), digestibility, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. The conclusions were processing of cassava leaves improved the consumption and digestibility of male EC goats and the treatment of cassava leaf silage had the best feed efficiency. Keywords: Cassava Leaf, Performance, Digestibility, Male Etawa Crossbreed Goat.

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Olorunnisomo, Olusola Adeyanju, and Gladys Abiemwense Ibhaze. "Original Research Article Milk Yield and Feed Conversion of Sokoto Gudali Cows Fed Elephant Grass Ensiled with Cassava Peel." Agricultura tropica et subtropica 46, no. 4 (2013): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2013-0023.

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Abstract Year-round availability of feed is a major concern for dairy farmers in many parts of the tropics. Silage making is a reliable means of providing feed for dairy cattle during periods of forage scarcity. In this study, Elephant grass (EG) (Pennisetum purpureum) was ensiled with cassava peel (CSP) at 0, 10, 30 and 50% levels of inclusion on a wet basis. At 21, 42 and 63 days of ensiling, silage samples were taken for chemical analysis and the remaining materials were fed to four lactating Sokoto Gudali cows for a period of 84 days using a Latin square design. Dry matter (DM) content of silage mixtures increased from 18.22 to 28.70% as level of CSP in the silage mixture increased while crude protein (7.33 to 6.08%) and crude fibre (32.80 to 23.95%) decreased. Dry matter intake of cows, milk yield and feed conversion ratio (FCR) varied (P < 0.05) with inclusion of cassava peel in the silage mixtures. Dry matter intake of cows increased from 2.56 to 3.84% of body weight (BW) and milk yield from 2.90 to 6.70 kg/d as proportion of CSP in the grass silage increased. Feed conversion ratio of cows ranged from 2.08 to 3.23 and improved with inclusion of CSP in the silage. These results show that addition of cassava peel to Elephant grass silage improved intake and milk production in Sokoto Gudali cows fed Elephant grass silage.

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Banu, Marselinus, Hery Supratman, and Yuli Astuti Hidayati. "The Effect of Various Additive Materials on Physical Quality and Silase Chemical Rice Chemistry (Zea mays.L)." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran 19, no. 2 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jit.v19i2.22840.

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Purpose of this study was to determine the extent from the influence of various additives on the physical and chemical quality of silage of corn straw (Zea mays. L). This study was carried out using the experimental method and Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments consisting of P0: corn straw silage without additives, P1: corn straw silage + 0.5% Heryaki powder, P2: corn straw silage + 5% cassava flour and P3: corn straw silage + 5% sago flour and 5 replications. Data on physical quality (odor, color and texture) were analyzed descriptively while chemical quality data (pH and ammonia were analyzed using ANOVA variance, followed by Duncan's Multiple Distance Test. Giving additives of Heryaki powder, cassava flour and sago flour showed good results on the physical quality of corn straw silage (sour smell, brownish green and texture does not clot) and has a significant effect on honey and ammonia.

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Zanine, Anderson de Moura, Edson Mauro Santos, João Ricardo Rebouças Dórea, Paulo Alfredo de Santana Dantas, Thiago Carvalho da Silva, and Odilon Gomes Pereira. "Evaluation of elephant grass silage with the addition of cassava scrapings." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 12 (2010): 2611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010001200008.

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of adding cassava scrapings on gas and effluent losses, dry matter recovery, pH, contents of N-NH3, organic acids and volatile fatty acids and the bromatological composition of elephant grass silages. It was used a randomized complete design, with four levels of cassava scrapings (0, 7, 15 or 30% natural matter) each one with four replications per level. The grass was cut at 50 days of regrowth and ensiled in 15-L silos, equipped with a Bunsen valve to allow gas outflow. The gas losses decreased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings, whereas effluent losses decreased linearly. Dry matter recovery increased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings. Dry matter (DM) concentration increased but crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose (HEM) decreased linearly with the addition of cassava scrapings. The pH value and lactic acid concentration increased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings. Contents of N-NH3 and butyric acid decreased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings, whereas acetic acid content decreased linearly. Addition of cassava scrapings reduced gas and effluent losses and improved the fermentation profile of elephant grass silages and the level of 7% already ensures this improvement.

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Pinho, Eduardo Zambello de, Ciniro Costa, Mario De Beni Arrigoni, Antonio Carlos Silveira, Carlos Roberto Padovani, and Sheila Zambello de Pinho. "Fermentation and nutritive value of silage and hay made from the aerial part of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 4 (2004): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000400003.

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), although native to Brazil, is still underutilized, especially when it comes to using its aerial part. In order to study the potential of the cassava plant for use as animal feed, the present work evaluated the characteristics of the aerial part of cassava when submitted to the processes of ensiling and haymaking. Treatments consisted of: aerial part of the plant ensiled without wilting (PAS); aerial part ensiled after wilting (PAE), and aerial part made into hay (PAF). Chemical analyses were run in order to evaluate the traits that determine the nutritional value of silage and hay. Wilting increased dry matter concentration from 25% to 27.7%, without changing the concentration of soluble carbohydrates (33.3 and 35.5% in the PAS and PAE, respectively), as well as buffer capacity (204 mmol kg-1 DM in PAS and 195 mmol kg-1 DM in PAE). Neither pH (3.57 in fresh silage and 3.60 in PAE) nor the ADIN concentration (11.32% of total nitrogen in PAS and 9.99% of total nitrogen in PAE) differed between the silages, but ADIN concentration was higher in hay (15.39%). Wilting caused an increase in the concentration of ammonia (from 6.5% of total nitrogen in PAS to 13.0 of total nitrogen in PAE). The levels of volatile fatty acids did not change with wilting. The ensiling process reduced the concentrations of free hydrocyanide (HCN), without, however, affecting cyanohydrin.

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Jasin, Ismail. "Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Gaplek dan Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Cairan Rumen Sapi PO Terhadap Kualitas Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum)." Jurnal Agripet 15, no. 1 (2015): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v15i1.2300.

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(The effect of cassava meal and Lactic Acid Bacteria isolated from rumen liquid of PO cattle on napier grass silage quality) ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cassava meal as carbohydrate source and inoculums of lactic acid bacteria incubated from PO cattle’s rumen liquid on the quality of Napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) silages. The research was conducted at Ujung-ujung village Pabelan District Semarang Regency. Feed analysis was carried out in of Biochemical Nutrition, Animal Feed Science, Animal Science Faculty, Gadjah Mada University. This study was assigned into Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 3 replicated. The treatments were addition of cassava meal and inoculums of lactic acid bacteria level into the Napier grass; 0, 1, 3 and 5% (w/w) and incubated for 30 days. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significant effect was tested by Duncans Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the addition of 1 – 5% cassava meal significantly affected (P0,05) lactic acid content, pH, and NH3 concentration. Should be revised However, among the treatment groups of 1, 3 and 5 % of cassava meal was not significantly (P0,05) different on the lactic acid content, pH and NH3 concentration.

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Winda Artanti, Okni, and Silvia Andriani. "Penggunaan Daun Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta) dengan Pengolahan Berbeda terhadap Blood Urea Nitrogen Kambing Peranakan Etawa Jantan." wahana peternakan 4, no. 2 (2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jwp.v4i2.213.

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of fresh, dried or silage cassava leaf to the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of male Etawa Crossbreed (EC) goats. Twelve EC goats (grouping based on body weight with a weight range K1: 19-20 kg; K2: 20-21 kg; K3: 21-22 kg; K4: 22 kg) were allocated in housed individually throughout 90-day trial duration (14 days for animal's adaptation to the experimental diets and 7 days of faeces collection). Experimental design was randomized complete block design consisted of 3 treatments and 4 replications: concentrate + fresh cassava leaf (P0); concentrate + dried cassava leaf (P1); and concentrate + silage cassava leaf (P2). Concentrat was given at level of 50% (3% BW) and forage was given ad libitum respectively for each treatments. Variables observed were crude fiber intake, crude fiber digestibility, crude protein digestibility and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there were significant effect of treatments were continued using duncan multiple range test. The results of this experiment showed that the processing of cassava leaves increased on crude fiber intake, crude fiber and crude protein digestibibility, but did not effect on blood urea nitrogen (BUN). In conclusion, processing of cassava leaves improved the consumption, digestibility but did not effect on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of EC goats. Keywords: Blood Urea Nitrogen, Cassava Leaf, Male Etawa Crossbreed Goat

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Lounglawan, Pipat, Mek Khungaew, and Wisitiporn Suksombat. "Silage Production from Cassava Peel and Cassava Pulp as Energy Source in Cattle Diets." Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 10, no. 8 (2011): 1007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2011.1007.1011.

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Del Valle, Tiago A., Gabriela Do Nascimento, Luana S. Fernandez, et al. "Whole corn grain addition in sugarcane silage avoids fermentative losses and improves in situ degradation of silage." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 5 (2019): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)493-501.

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Sugarcane silage (SS) is generally susceptible to yeast action, resulting in dry matter losses due to high soluble carbohydrate concentration. We evaluated the effects of adding corn grain and microbial inoculant at ensiling on fermentative profile, losses, chemical composition and degradation of silages. Forty experimental silos (PVC tubing) were assigned at random to a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with: (1) 5 corn additions at ensiling: CONT - straight sugarcane silage; GC2 - sugarcane with ground corn (processed through a 2 mm sieve) added at ensiling; GC8 - sugarcane with ground corn (processed through an 8 mm sieve) added at ensiling; WC - sugarcane with whole corn grain added at ensiling; and RCS - rehydrated corn ensiled without sugarcane; and (2) 2 microbial inoculant additions at ensiling: 0 and 8 mg of commercial inoculant per kg of feed. Corn grain was added at the rate of 100 g per kg of fresh sugarcane. Adding corn grain to sugarcane at ensiling improved SS fermentation and silage chemical composition. There was no benefit from grinding the grain before adding it to sugarcane. Microbial inoculant had little effect on SS fermentation. Studies comparing corn grain with other energy sources, e.g. molasses or cassava, for addition at ensiling sugarcane seem warranted along with feeding studies with livestock to assess intake and subsequent performance. The overall benefits of adding the energy sources at ensiling versus feeding them directly to animals with untreated sugarcane silage should be determined.

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Odeyinka, S. M., T. O. Abegunde, M. O. Ofoegbu, and O. J. Apanisile. "Silage quality, growth performance and haematology of West African dwarf goats fed Moringa oleifera leaves ensiled with cassava peels." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 2 (2021): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i2.2940.

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Forage scarcity in the dry season is challenging for ruminant production in the tropics. The utilization of browse species, particularly as silage can bridge this gap. In this study, the potentials of Moringa oleifera leaves ensiled with varying levels of cassava peels as dry season feed for West African dwarf (WAD) goats were assessed. Different mixtures of Moringa oleifera leaves and cassava peels were ensiled and designated as follows: T1= 100% Moringa, T2= 60% Moringa + 40% Cassava peels, T3= 40% Moringa + 60% Cassava peels, T4= 50% Moringa + 50% Cassava peels, T5= 100% Cassava peels. Chemical composition and silage characteristics were investigated. Twenty five WAD goats with average body weights of 6.02±0.71 kg were used in the growth study that lasted 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected from the goats through the jugular vein for haematological status at the beginning and end of the experiment. Chemical composition of the silage diets showed that it contained 27.79 – 36.26 % dry matter (DM), 7.45 – 22.25 % crude protein (CP), 8.92 – 16.45 % crude fibre (CF), 2.55 – 7.01 % ether extract (EE), 6.10 – 10.08 % ash content, 42.40 - 68.14 % Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE). Appearance, odour and texture of the silage had acceptable physical attributes with pH values ranging from 3.53 – 5.80. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly (P<0.05) affected by diets while Average daily weight gain (ADWG) was significantly improved in T3 (40% M. oleifera + 60% cassava peels) than in others. White blood cells (WBC) ranged from 5.88 x109/L in T2 to 13.77 x109/L in T4. Red blood Cells (RBC) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV %) were not significantly (P<0.05) affected by diets. It was concluded that Moringa oleifera leaves and cassava peels silage with 40% Moringa oleifera as additive elicited the best performance indices in WAD goats fed diets consisting of mixtures of Moringa oleifera leaves and cassava peels ensiled together in graded levels or alone and did not affect animals negatively in terms of their haematological components. Moringa, T2= 60% Moringa + 40% Pelures de manioc, T3= 40% Moringa + 60% Pelures de manioc, T4= 50% Moringa + 50% Pelures de manioc, T5= 100% Pelures de manioc. Des caractéristiques chimiques de composition et d'ensilage ont été étudiées. Vingt-cinq chèvres 'WAD' avec un poids corporel moyen de 6,02±0,71 kg ont été utilisées dans l'étude de croissance qui a duré 12 semaines. Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés sur les chèvres par la veine jugulaire pour le statut hématologique au début et à la fin de l'expérience. La composition chimique des régimes d'ensilage a montré qu'elle contenait 27.79 – 36,26 % de matière sèche (DM), 7.45 à 22.25 % de protéines brutes (CP), 8.45 à 22.25 % de protéines brutes (le 'CP'), 8.45 92 – 16.45 % de fibres brutes (le 'CF'), 2.55 à 7.01 % d'extrait d'éther (le 'EE'), 6.10 à 10.08 % de cendres, 42.40 - 68.14 % Extrait sans azote (le 'NFE'). L'apparence, l'odeur et la texture de l'ensilage avaient des attributs physiques acceptables avec des valeurs de pH allant de 3.53 à 5.80. L'apport quotidien moyen en aliments (le 'ADFI') et le ratio de conversion des aliments pour animaux (le 'FCR') n'ont pas été significativement (P<0.05) affectés par les régimes alimentaires, tandis que le gain quotidien moyen de poids (le 'ADWG') a été sensiblement amélioré en T3 (40 % M. oleifera + 60 % de pelures de manioc) que dans d'autres. Les globules blancs (le 'WBC') allaient de 5,88 x109/L en T2 à 13.77 x109/L en T4. Les globules rouges (le 'RBC') et volume de cellules emballées (le 'PCV' %) n'ont pas été significativement (P<0.05) affectés par les régimes. On a conclu que les feuilles de Moringaoleifera et l'ensilage des pelures de manioc avec 40 % de Moringaoleifera comme additif ont obtenu les meilleurs indices de performance chez les chèvres WAD nourries à des régimes composés de mélanges de feuilles de Moringaoleifera et de pelures de manioc ensilées ensemble ou seuls et n'affectaient pas négativement les animaux en termes de composantes hématologiques.

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Kaewpila, Chatchai, Suwit Thip-uten, Anusorn Cherdthong, and Waroon Khota. "Impact of Cellulase and Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculant to Modify Ensiling Characteristics and In Vitro Digestibility of Sweet Corn Stover and Cassava Pulp Silage." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010066.

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Improving the productive performance of agricultural residue silage has practical relevance to sustaining livestock production. Sweet corn stover (SCS) and cassava pulp (CSVP) are widespread in the tropics as low-cost feed resources. To efficiently prepare SCS and CSVP silage, the impact of adding Acremonium cellulase (AC), Lactobacillus casei strain TH14 inoculant (TH14), and their combination (AC+TH14) on ensiling characteristics, microbial population, chemical compositions, and in vitro digestibility were tested in comparison to control (no additive). After 60 d of ensiling, the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content of silage were lower (p < 0.05) when AC was used as the additive. Compared with other treatments, TH14 provided abundant lactic acid fermentation in silage. All tested additives increased the crude protein (CP) content and decreased the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of SCS silage. In CSVP silage, only AC and AC+TH14 altered the CP and NDF content. In addition, AC and AC+TH14 provided greater in vitro dry matter digestibility and a lower in vitro fiber digestibility. Overall, optimized either AC or TH14 can be recommended as an attractive additive to improve the ensiling characteristics of SCS and CSVP silage. AC significantly modifies the in vitro digestibility of silage.

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Macdearmid, A., P. E. V. Williams, and A. C. Brewer. "Cereal straw in diets for beef cattle: effects of pattern of growth and diet formulation on growth rate and food conversion efficiency." Animal Science 45, no. 1 (1987): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100036588.

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AbstractFive groups of Hereford × Friesian steers (initial weight 340 kg) were given either a diet of rolled barley and ammonia-treated barley straw (AS) in the ratio 60: 40 ad libitum (ASB) to support continuous growth, or were offered over a 143-day period diets of either (i) AS alone (diet AS) (ii) untreated straw (US) plus cassava (diet USC) (iii) US plus grass silage (diet USS) or US plus fish meal (0·27 kg fish meal per day) (diet USF). Both the AS and US were offered ad libitum and allowances of cassava and silage adjusted to allow the USC and USS steers to match the growth of AS steers. Steers i n the restricted groups (AS, USC, USS and USF) were then given freshly cut grass ad libitum until they reached slaughter weight; some steers required additional hay and barley to reach slaughter weight. Steers in group ASB consumed 7·4 kg dry matter (DM), gained 1·16 kg live weight per day taking 112 days to achieve the 455 kg slaughter weight. AS, USC and USS animals maintained body weight over the restricted period, whereas the USF group tended to lose weight and daily DM intakes were 4·63 kg AS (AS steers); 3·81 kg US plus 0·95 kg cassava (USC steers); 0·86 kg US plus 3·31 kg silage (USS steers); 3·5 kg US plus 0·27 kg fish meal (USF steers). When grass or grass followed by barley plus hay was given the live-weight gains of the previously restricted cattle did not differ (mean 1·0 (s.e. 0·10) kg/day). AS provided proportionately 0·30 of the metabolizable energy used to produce growth rates in excess of 10 kg/day or if given as the sole food maintained cattle without supplementation.

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Nascimento, T. V. C., L. R. Bezerra, D. R. Menezes, et al. "Condensed tannin-amended cassava silage: fermentation characteristics, degradation kinetics andin-vitrogas production with rumen liquor." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 1 (2017): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859617000867.

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AbstractThe objective of the current research was to evaluate the fermentative characteristics of silage made with the upper third section of cassava (Manihot esculenta) plants with added condensed tannin levels of 0, 25, 50 and 75 g/kg dry matter (DM). The experimental design was a complete randomized design, with treatments arranged in a 4 × 7 factorial (tannin addition levels × days of ensiling). The loss of gas and the presence of moulds observed in the opening days had increased linearly. Fermentative characteristics were decreased by the addition of tannin. Acetic acid content showed a linear increase. Tannin levels had a quadratic effect on gas production at 28 days of ensiling. After 56 days, however, tannin levels had no significant effect on silage gas production. After 28 days of ensiling, the degradability of potentially degradable fraction ‘b’ demonstrated quadratic effect. The same occurred with the fractions ‘a’, ‘b’ which were undegradable after 56 days of ensiling. The addition of condensed tannin lengthened the fermentative stage and caused the silage to stabilize after 56 days of ensiling.

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Olivo, Paula Martins, Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo, Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior, Eduardo Souza Leal, and Rodolpho Martin do Prado. "Assessing the nutritional value of agroindustrial co-products and feed through chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and gas production technique." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 39, no. 3 (2017): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i3.34024.

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Agroindustrial co-products are a viable alternative for use in animal nutrition. Tests were conducted using eight different types of co-products and feed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and gas production by them. The co-products tested were: coffee hulls; pelleted citrus pulp; grape residue; soybean hulls; cottonseed; cassava foliage; and foods usually supplied to ruminants: corn silage and ground corn concentrate. Data of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were tested by analysis of variance using the least square method; the results of gas production were interpreted by a non-linear regression by the Gauss-Newton method; and the effects of treatments were evaluated by the Tukey’s test. The coefficients of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of co-products were different. Gas production was also different between co-products and feeds evaluated for the volume of gas produced from the fast and slow degradation fractions, degradation rate, bacterial colonization time, and the total volume of gas produced. The evaluated co-products exhibited greater in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to corn silage, except for cottonseed, grape residue, and cassava foliage. Co-products showed higher values of in vitro crude protein digestibility compared to corn silage, and a reduced in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, except for pelleted citrus pulp and soybean hulls. Corn silage produced larger volume of gas from the fast degradation fraction compared to the co-products and corn concentrate. Co-products analyzed had appropriate nutritional characteristics according to the techniques applied and can be included in ruminant diets.

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Man, Ngo Van, and Hans Wiktorsson. "Effect of Molasses on Nutritional Quality of Cassava and Gliricidia Tops Silage." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 15, no. 9 (2002): 1294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.1294.

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Kang, S., M. Wanapat, and A. Nunoi. "Effect of urea and molasses supplementation on quality of cassava top silage." Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 27, no. 1 (2018): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/jafs/85544/2018.

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Souza, C. M., R. L. Oliveira, T. V. Voltolini, et al. "Lambs fed cassava silage with added tamarind residue: Silage quality, intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, growth performance and carcass quality." Animal Feed Science and Technology 235 (January 2018): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.007.

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Santos, Geraldo Tadeu dos, Elisa Cristina Modesto, Nilson Evelázio de Souza, et al. "Replacement of corn silage with cassava foliage silage in the diet of lactating dairy cows: milk composition and economic evaluation." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, spe (2009): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000700033.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of corn silage (CS) replacement by cassava's foliage silage (CFS) on the production and quality of milk. Twelve lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block experimental design with four treatments and three repetitions per block. CS was replaced by CFS at the levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60%. The replacement of CS by different levels of CFS had very low effect on the variables studied. Milk density decreased when the replacement level was increased. Fatty acids 4:0 and 6:0 presented a quadratic behavior, while fat acids 8:0, 10:0, and 15:0 presented a linear behavior as their concentrations fell when CFS diet content was increased. The CS replacement by 20% until 60% CFS resulted a significant decrease in the feeding costs. The results suggested that CFS was a good replacement of CS for dairy cows.

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dos Santos, N. J. A., A. M. Barbosa, T. V. Voltolini, et al. "Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the meat of lambs fed cassava silage and dry tamarind (Tamarindus indica)." Animal Production Science 59, no. 7 (2019): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17855.

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The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of the addition of dry tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) residue to cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) silage on the carcass traits, quality and fatty acid profile of lamb meat. Forty 6-month-old (±2 days) castrated lambs (crossbred Santa Ines × mixed breed) with initial bodyweights of 22.1 ± 3.0 kg were used in a completely randomised design with four treatments (0, 100, 200 or 300 g/kg of DM of dry tamarind residue) and 10 replicates (animals). There was a significant increase in hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.001) and loin weight (P = 0.04); however, there were no effects on final bodyweight, average daily weight gain, slaughter weight, weights of other commercial cuts, shear force, lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma (C*), lipid profile, ash content, initial and final pH value and cooking weight loss. There was a significant (P &lt; 0.001) quadratic reduction in water-holding capacity with an increasing tamarind residue content. The addition of tamarind residue to cassava silage linearly decreased the lauric (C12:0; P = 0.01) and stearic (C18:0; P = 0.01) fatty acid concentrations (total saturated fatty acids, ΣSFA) (P = 0.03) and the ratio of ΣSFA to unsaturated fatty acids (ΣSFA:ΣUFA; P = 0.04). However, there were linear increases in the C18:2 cis9, cis12 concentration (P = 0.04), polyunsaturated fatty acid n-6 concentration (P = 0.05), ΣUFA (P = 0.03) and the Σn-6:Σn-3 ratio (P = 0.01) in the lamb meat. Dry tamarind can be added to cassava up to a level of 300 g/kg of DM without any negative effects on the performance or meat quality, and it increases the yield of the loin cut, polyunsaturated fatty acid n–6 and ΣUFA, which makes the lamb meat healthier.

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Aslamyah, Siti, and Yushinta Fujaya. "Effectiveness of artificial diet enriched by spinach extract on molting stimulation to produce soft shell crab." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 10, no. 1 (2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.10.8-15.

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Artificial feed is an alternative media applications spinach extract (EB) that is known to contain molting stimulant. However, utilization of the artificial feed is related to its expensive cost, with a very high protein concentration since it's mainly produced from fish based materials, so need to be studied artificial feed formulation with substitution of vegetable material in stimulating molting and growth of mud crabs. Four formula artificial feed enriched EB (700 ng/g crab) used in this study were feed A (fish, crab shells, and cassava), feed B (fish, silage, shell crab, and cassava), feed C (fish, silage, shell crab, soy flour, and cassava), and feed D (fish, silage, shell crab, soy flour, corn starch, and pollard), trash fish and feed A without EB as control. During the test, mud crab intermolt phase was culture individually in crab box placed in pond. The results showed that the percentage of molting and weight growth in their respective in the feed A (44% and 41.96%); feed B (56% and 31.57%); feed C (74% and 23.20%); feed D (50% and 39.15%); trash feed control (24% and 50.66%); and feed A without EB (28% and 35.11%). An opposite phenomenon, where the feed C with the highest percentage of molting but with the lowest growth rate, the opposite occurs in the control of trash feed. This is apparently the effect of spinach extract as a stimulant molting, where performance can be optimized with a complete and balance nutrient composition. This prediction is supported by the analysis of protein content of crabs tested at the highest feed C treatment compared with the control feed. Key words: spinach extract, soft shell crab, molting, artificial feed, growth ABSTRAK Pakan buatan merupakan alternatif media aplikasi ekstrak bayam (EB) yang diketahui mengandung stimulan molting. Namun demikian, pakan buatan yang digunakan masih mahal dengan kandungan protein yang tinggi, karena berbahan dasar ikan, sehingga perlu dikaji formulasi pakan buatan dengan subtitusi berbagai bahan nabati dalam menstimulasi molting dan pertumbuhan kepiting bakau. Empat formula pakan buatan yang diperkaya EB (700 ng/g kepiting) digunakan pada penelitan ini, yaitu Pakan A (ikan, cangkang kepiting, dan ubi), Pakan B (ikan, silase, cangkang kepiting, dan ubi), Pakan C (ikan, silase, cangkang kepiting, tepung kedelai, dan ubi), dan Pakan D (ikan, silase, cangkang kepiting, tepung kedelai, tepung jagung, dan pollard). Pakan rucah dan pakan A tanpa EB digunakan sebagai kontrol. Selama penelitian, kepiting bakau fase intermolt dipelihara secara individu dalam crab box yang diletakkan di tambak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase molting dan pertumbuhan bobot masing-masing pada Pakan A (44% dan 41,96%); Pakan B (56% dan 31,57%); Pakan C (74% dan 23,20%); Pakan D (50% dan 39,15%); kontrol pakan rucah (24% dan 50,66%); dan pakan A tanpa EB (28% dan 35,11%). Terjadi anomali, yaitu Pakan C dengan persentase molting tertinggi, tetapi dengan tingkat pertumbuhan terendah, namun terjadi sebaliknya pada kontrol pakan rucah. Hal ini diduga efek dari ekstrak bayam sebagai stimulan molting, dimana kinerjanya dapat dioptimumkan dengan komposisi nutrien lengkap dan seimbang. Pendugaan ini didukung hasil analisis kadar protein kepiting uji pada perlakuan Pakan C tertinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Kata kunci: Ekstrak bayam, kepiting cangkang lunak, molting, pakan buatan, pertumbuhan

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Ajayi, M. O., and E. Joseph. "Characteristics of ensiled cassava leaves and maize stover as dry season feed for ruminants." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 4 (2020): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i4.276.

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Insufficient quantity and quality of feed for ruminants during the dry season is a major limiting factor for effective production and management. Smallholder farmers generate large crop residues in the wet season, which are rich in nutrients in which ruminants can feed on in the dry season by proper ensiling. Cassava Leaves (CL) and Maize Stover (MS) residues were thus ensiled to evaluate their nutritional qualities as feed for ruminants. Fresh cassava leaves and maize stover were collected, chopped and wilted. Silages were prepared as: T1 (100%CL), T2 (100%MS), T3 (50%CL+50%MS), T4 (25%CL+ 75%MS) and T5 (75%CL+25%MS). Ensiling lasted for 21 days after which they were opened to determine the quality using physical assessment of colour, smell, texture, pH and temperature. Chemical composition of the silages comprising Crude Protein-CP, Crude Fibre-CF, Ether Extract-EE, ash content, Acid Detergent Fibre-ADF, Neutral Detergent Fibre-NDF and Acid Detergent Lignin-ADL were assessed. Nutritive values of the diets were evaluated using in vitro fermentation technique to determine Total Gas Production (TGP), methane, Metabolizable Energy (ME), Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) and Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD). Coefficient of Preference (COP) was determined using a cafeteria feeding technique. Olive-green colour, alcoholic smell and firm texture were observed in the silages. The pH ranged from 4.13 to 4.73 while higher pH was observed in 100%CL. The temperature was between 31°C and 32ºC. The values obtained for the DM ranged from 64.37 to 67.9%. The CP values varied between 8.64 and 19.68%. The lowest CP of 8.64% was observed in T2 (100%MS) while 19.68% was obtained in T1 (100%CL). The ash content ranged from 8.65 to 13.00% and the CF value varied from 33.70 to 40.39%. It was observed that 100%MS had significantly (P<0.05) higher CF (40.39%) compared to other treatments. The EE values varied between 4.45 and 5.22%. The EE value in 100%CL (5.22%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other silage treatments. The NDF, ADF and ADL values varied from 62.70-69.80%, 43.95-47.90% and 22.95-25.80%, respectively and significant differences were observed. The total gas volume ranged from 8.33 to 13.8mL, methane 5.3 to 7.6, OMD (32.72-42.5%), ME (4.06-5.28kCal) and SCFA (0.15-0.27). The CoPof the silages was ≥to the unity of one with the exception of T2. It can be concluded that, combinations of 50% cassava leaves and 50% maize stover could be used as feed for ruminants.

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Kurniawan, W., A. Bain, Syamsuddin, M. Abadi, and Y. N. Sandy. "Quality and fermentation characteristic of corn stover - rubber cassava (Manihot glaziovii M.A) combination silage." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 287 (August 7, 2019): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/287/1/012022.

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Saucedo, Gerardo C., Pedro B. González, Sergio M. Revah, Gustavo G. Viniegra, and Maurice Raimbault. "Effect of lactobacilli inoculation on cassava (Manihot esculenta) silage: Fermentation pattern and kinetic analysis." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 50, no. 4 (1990): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740500405.

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Sudarman, A., M. Hayashida, I. R. Puspitaning, A. Jayanegara, and H. Shiwachi. "The use of cassava leaf silage as a substitute for concentrate feed in sheep." Tropical Animal Health and Production 48, no. 7 (2016): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1107-5.

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Zambom, Maximiliane Alavarse, Tatiane Fernandes, Emerson Luis Schmidt, et al. "Silage of residue from the extraction of cassava starch in diets from lactating holstein cows." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, no. 3 (2015): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n3p1701.

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Li, Mao, Xuejuan Zi, Jun Tang, Hanlin Zhou, and Yimin Cai. "Silage fermentation, chemical composition and ruminal degradation of king grass, cassava foliage and their mixture." Grassland Science 65, no. 4 (2019): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/grs.12235.

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Zakariah, Muhammad Askari, Ristianto Utomo, and Zaenal Bachruddin. "Pengaruh Inokulasi Lactobacillus plantarum dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae terhadap Fermentasi dan Kecernaan In Vitro Silase Kulit Buah Kakao." Buletin Peternakan 40, no. 2 (2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v40i2.9294.

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The objective of this study was to identify the effect of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixed culture inoculation into cocoa pods silage on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The four treatments were: 1 kg freshly harvested cocoa pods without inoculants as control (K); K + L. plantarum (KLp); K + S. cerevisiae (KSc); and K + L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixture (KLp+Sc) 0.1% dry matter, Cassava meal were added in all treatments. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, and then fermented for 21 days. Parameters observed in current study were gas test production, ruminal fermentation parameter, and in vitro digestibility. The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test for data with significant differences. Result showed that the mixed culture Lp+Sc inoculation increased (P<0.05) chemical quality of cocoa pods by reducing fibre fraction and increase NFE contents, increased degradation rate, degradation theory, reduced rumen pH, and propionate acid production, without affecting acetate to propionate ratio, microbial protein synthesis, and digestibility of cocoa pod silage.

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Dang, Hoang Lam, Renlong Lv, Taketo Obitsu, and Toshihisa Sugino. "Effect of replacing alfalfa hay with a mixture of cassava foliage silage and sweet potato vine silage on ruminal and intestinal digestion in sheep." Animal Science Journal 89, no. 2 (2017): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asj.12925.

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Oni, A. O., O. S. Sowande, O. O. Oni, et al. "Effect of additives on fermentation of cassava leaf silage and ruminal fluid of west african dwarf goats." Archivos de Zootecnia 63, no. 243 (2014): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/s0004-05922014000300006.

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dos Santos, N. J. A., A. M. Barbosa, T. V. Voltolini, et al. "Corrigendum to: Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the meat of lambs fed cassava silage and dry tamarind (Tamarindus indica)." Animal Production Science 59, no. 7 (2019): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17855_co.

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The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of the addition of dry tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) residue to cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) silage on the carcass traits, quality and fatty acid profile of lamb meat. Forty 6-month-old (±2 days) castrated lambs (crossbred Santa Ines × mixed breed) with initial bodyweights of 22.1 ± 3.0 kg were used in a completely randomised design with four treatments (0, 100, 200 or 300 g/kg of DM of dry tamarind residue) and 10 replicates (animals). There was a significant increase in hot carcass weight (P P = 0.04); however, there were no effects on final bodyweight, average daily weight gain, slaughter weight, weights of other commercial cuts, shear force, lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma (C*), lipid profile, ash content, initial and final pH value and cooking weight loss. There was a significant (P P = 0.01) and stearic (C18:0; P = 0.01) fatty acid concentrations (total saturated fatty acids, ΣSFA) (P = 0.03) and the ratio of ΣSFA to unsaturated fatty acids (ΣSFA:ΣUFA; P = 0.04). However, there were linear increases in the C18:2 cis9, cis12 concentration (P = 0.04), polyunsaturated fatty acid n-6 concentration (P = 0.05), ΣUFA (P = 0.03) and the Σn-6:Σn-3 ratio (P = 0.01) in the lamb meat. Dry tamarind can be added to cassava up to a level of 300 g/kg of DM without any negative effects on the performance or meat quality, and it increases the yield of the loin cut, polyunsaturated fatty acid n–6 and ΣUFA, which makes the lamb meat healthier.

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Sandi, Sofia, Asep Sudarman, Erika B. Lakoni, Komang G. Wiryawan, and Djumali Mangunwijaya. "Evaluation of the Use of Cassava Based Complete Ration Silage on Nitrogen Retention and Metabolizable Energy Male Duck." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry 3, no. 2 (2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v3.i2.29.

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Pholsen, Suradej, Chutchawal Yoottasanong, and David E. B. Higgs. "Effect of cassava chips on quality of silage from fresh forage sorghum plus Cavalcade forage legume hay mixtures." Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales 2, no. 3 (2014): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(2)262-270.

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T., O. Ososanya, K. Adewumi M., O. Oyeyemi M., and O. Adeosun A. "Semen characteristics of pubertal West Africa dwarf rams fed pineapple waste silage as replacement for dried cassava peel." African Journal of Agricultural Research 9, no. 4 (2014): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2013.7990.

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Viennasay, Bounnaxay, Metha Wanapat, Khampanat Phesatcha, Burarat Phesatcha, and Thiwakorn Ampapon. "Replacement of rice straw with cassava-top silage on rumen ecology, fermentation and nutrient digestibilities in dairy steers." Animal Production Science 59, no. 5 (2019): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17477.

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Conserving good source of roughage for dry-season feeding of ruminants is of the utmost importance. Therefore, cassava-top silage (CTS) was prepared and was studied for its feeding level and nutritive value in dairy steers. Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers (75% Holstein Friesian × 25% Thai Native), ~3 years old with 209 ± 50 kg liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study the effect of CTS on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency. The treatments were four different feeding ratios of CTS to rice straw, as follows: 0:100, 30:70, 60:40 and 100:0 respectively. Increasing the ratio of CTS to rice straw in the feed remarkably reduced the rumen protozoal population (P &lt; 0.01), thus subsequently decreasing rumen methane production (P &lt; 0.01), whereas other rumen microorganisms remained similar among treatments. Correspondingly, rumen propionate production was enhanced (P &lt; 0.01) by increasing the CTS to rice ratio in the feed, and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, rumen ammonia nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen increased (P &lt; 0.01) with an increasing proportion of CTS in the feed, whereas nitrogen retention was highest when the proportion of CTS in the feed was 100%. Although the feed DM intakes were similar, apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein as well as neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were significantly improved by the increase in the percentage of CTS in the feed. It could be concluded that including CTS in the feed at a level of 60–100% improved the rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibilities, and is highly recommended for use in the ruminant production in the tropics, as it is a practically simple-to-prepare on-farm feeding intervention.

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Borin, Khieu, J. E. Lindberg, and R. B. Ogle. "Effect of variety and preservation method of cassava leaves on diet digestibility by indigenous and improved pigs." Animal Science 80, no. 3 (2005): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc41560319.

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AbstractDigestibility and nitrogen (N) balance studies were carried out on the leaves of short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) varieties of cassava, preserved by sun-drying and grinding into a meal or by ensiling. The cassava leaf meal and ensiled leaves (471 and 373 g/kg total diet dry matter, respectively) were mixed with palm syrup and palm oil, to give the experimental diets CLM and CLS, respectively. Four Mong Cai (MC) (17·2 (s.e. 2·61) kg) and four Landrace × Yorkshire (L×Y) (41·5 (s.e. 2·12) kg) male castrate pigs were used. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial, with breed, cassava variety and processing method as factors.The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) levels of the fresh cassava leaves of ST (545 mg/kg dry matter (DM)) and LT (408 mg/kg DM) varieties were reduced by proportionately 0·63 and 0·33, respectively, after sun-drying and by 0·78 and 0·77, respectively, after ensiling. Intake was higher for DM, crude protein (CP) and organic matter (OM) (P < 0·001) and neutral- and aciddetergent fibre (NDF and ADF) and crude fibre (CF) (P <0·01) in CLM than in CLS. There was a breed by processing method interaction for CF intake (P < 0·05). The coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) was higher in CLS than in CLM for DM, CP, OM and CF (P < 0·001) and NDF and ADF (P < 0·01). The MC pigs digested ADF (P < 0·01) and CF (P < 0·001) more effectively than L×Y pigs but there was no difference (P > 0·05) in the digestibility of other nutrients or DM. There was a breed by cassava variety interaction for ADF digestibility and breed by processing method for CF digestibility (P < 0·01). Daily N intake and faecal N were higher (P < 0·001) in CLM than in CLS. Urinary N was lower in CLS than in CLM (P < 0·05) and in L×Y than in MC pigs (P < 0·001). N utilization (N retained per unit intake) was higher for CLS than CLM (P < 0·001) and in L×Y than in MC pigs (P < 0·001). It is concluded that ensiling is a more effective method than sun-drying for reducing HCN in cassava leaves after 60 days re-growth, and also results in higher digestibility of DM and dietary components than sun-drying. However, the bulkiness of the silage limits intake. The MC pigs digested dietary fibre more efficiently than the L×Y pigs, whereas the L×Y pigs utilized N more efficiently than the MC pigs.

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Oliveira, A. P. D., A. R. Bagaldo, D. R. S. Loures, et al. "Effect of ensiling gliricidia with cassava on silage quality, growth performance, digestibility, ingestive behavior and carcass traits in lambs." Animal Feed Science and Technology 241 (July 2018): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.05.004.

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de Albuquerque Saraiva, Tibério, Carolina Corrêa de Figueiredo Monteiro, Erickson Marcos Santos Feitosa, et al. "Effect of association of fresh cassava root with corn silage in replacement for cactus cladodes on dairy cow performance." Tropical Animal Health and Production 52, no. 3 (2019): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02087-7.

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Assad, M. A., P. Rowlinson, and S. Marsden. "The influence of source of starch in concentrates on the performance of dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027732.

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The study was conducted to examine the response of dairy cows to changes in sources of dietary starch and to investigate whether ‘root’ starch sources are comparable to cereal starch sources in terms of the performance of lactating dairy cows.Thirty multiparous British Friesian/Holstein lactating diary cows, in a randomised block experiment, were allocated to one of five dietary treatments containing different proportions (1.00:0.00, 0.75:0.25, 0.50:0.50, 0.25:0.75 and 0.00:1.00), respectively, of two dairy concentrates (C or R) which were formulated to the same crude protein (180 g/Kg), ME (11.5 MJ/Kg FM) and starch (300 g/Kg) levels but differing only in the principal sources of starch. Barley and wheat were the principal sources of starch in the ‘cereal’ starch source concentrate (concentrate ‘C’) whilst cassava was the main ingredient in the ‘ root ’ starch source concentrate (concentrate ‘ R ’). All cows were offered the concentrate diet on a flat rate (10 Kg FM/day) with grass silage fed to appetite.

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Wanapat, Metha, Kampanat Phesatcha, Bounnaxay Viennasay, Burarat Phesatcha, Thiwakorn Ampapon, and Sungchhang Kang. "Strategic supplementation of cassava top silage to enhance rumen fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows in the tropics." Tropical Animal Health and Production 50, no. 7 (2018): 1539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1593-8.

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Falola, O. O., M. C. Alasa, and O. J. Babayemi. "Assessment of Silage Quality and Forage Acceptability of Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty) Ensiled with Cassava Peels by Wad Goat." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 12, no. 6 (2013): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2013.529.533.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cassava - Silage'

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