Journal articles: 'Cassava waste water'

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Firdaus, Aneka, and Beni Octavianus. "BIOBRICKETS MADE FROM CASSAVA SKIN WASTE UTILIZING BANANA PLASTIC WASTE GLUE AND WATER HYACINTH." Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science 2, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51630/ijes.v2i2.14.

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Cassava peel waste in large quantities can harm the environment. Cassava peel waste can be used as a renewable energy feedstock since it is environmentally friendly biomass converted into bio briquettes for use as an alternative fuel. The advantage of cassava peel can positively impact the environment while also adding value to the cassava peel. Cassava bio briquettes produced with water hyacinth and banana leaf stem were compared in this study. Temperatures of 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, and 500°C are used to discover the best conditions for briquettes, with a carbonization time of 45 minutes. Bio briquettes can be made from water hyacinth and banana leaf stalks, according to the analysis. The best results were achieved at 400°C carbonization temperature, with a calorific value of 5461 Cal/g for water hyacinth adhesives and 5265 Cal/g for banana leaf stalk adhesives.

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Firdaus, Aneka, and Aditha Verdinan Panae. "THE EFFECT OF ADHESIVE PAPER WASTE WEIGHT PERCENTAGE IN BIOBRIQUET DERIVED FROM CASSAVA SKIN WASTE." Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2020): 021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51630/ijes.v1i1.5.

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Cassava skin waste is waste originating from cassava plants from tapioca flour factories or cassava processed product factories. Indonesia is one of the biggest countries that produces cassava. The number of cassava processing industries in Indonesia is large so that a positive correlation can be drawn that the high amount of cassava processed will produce more cassava skin waste. Based on the results of tests conducted, the higher the composition of the Each cassava can produce 10-15% of cassava skin waste. Cassava skin waste is directly removed, can cause buildup that results in environmental damage. Cassava skin waste is obtained from local farmers, where on average each cassava produces 10-15% of waste. In general, this waste is not used and just thrown away. This research was conducted with the main ingredients of cassava peel waste and adhesive made from used paper. The composition of the mixture of cassava peel and used paper varies, where the percentage by weight of the adhesive starts from 7.0% to 10% with an increase in the composition every 0.5%. Then the biobriquette carbonization process was carried out at a temperature of 400 ° C. The biobriquette characterization was carried out based on ASTM standards to analyze water and ash, volatile matter and heating value. The results of the analysis on the composition of the lowest cassava bark had the highest heating value of 5888 cal / gr with the lowest water, ash and volatile matter content.

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Mabecua, Fastudo, Sebastian Schwede, Carlos Lucas, and Patrik Klintenberg. "Agro-Waste, a Solution for Rural Electrification? Assessing Biomethane Potential of Agro-Waste in Inhambane Province, Southern Mozambique." Water 13, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070939.

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In this study, we investigated the biomethane potential of cassava peels from the four most common varieties of cassava grown in Inhambane Province in Mozambique, Chinhembue, Cussi, Cizangara and Nhassumbi. Agro-wastes from coconut wood and jambolan wood processing were also analyzed to give a complete analysis of the most significant sources of agro-waste in the province. The macromolecular composition (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) was determined and used to calculate the theoretical maximum biochemical methane potential (BMP). The results show that cassava fiber and cassava peel, which are considered to be waste, are viable resources for biomethane production. Further, the results show that cassava fiber and cassava peel have a higher biomethane potential compared with sawdust, and are therefore more suitable for biomethane production. A study to investigate the effect of toxic cyanogenic glycosides and lignin on cassava peels, using pre-treatment techniques to enhance biogas yield, should be carried out. An estimate of how much electricity can be generated based on the availability of agro-waste (cassava residues) and the amount of biomethane produced in our laboratory experiment was carried out. The amount of electricity that can be produced is enough to provide a valuable contribution to the production process in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and in the cassava industry, or some other use in the rural setting.

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Rukmini, Piyantina. "UTILIZATION OF CASSAVA WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PLYWOOD ADHESIVE EKSTENDER WITH DEXTRIN (WITH ACID CATALYST)." Konversi 6, no. 2 (March 28, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/k.v6i2.4756.

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Abstract- Require of manihot Esculinta Crantz in Indonesia rises in every year as growth of Indonesian people, bioethanol industry,and animal food. Raw material that use in this research is cassava wastes. This research aimed to know the utilization of cassava waste, the optimum condition process of dextrin, and to know the variable that influent the utilization of cassava waste in the production of adhesive ekstender ( catalyst concentration and time). The dekstrin process need beaker glass, stirrer, electric stove with oilbatch heater, thermometer, screening 80 mesh. Cassava wastes that keep on several days is burned without water at 800 C for 1 hours. Then drops acid catalyst ion the beaker glass with different concentration. Then the temperature is raised until 1100C for 1 hour. After the drying process, make it cool then screen it in to screener 80 mesh. The results show that on the higher concentration of acid, dextrin will get on the higher concentration. At the certain concentration of acid, dekstrin will not get in the high concentration. Maximum efficiency of the concentration of acid is 0,8 N. Keeping long day for cassava waste can make lower the concentration of dextrin. The best keeping day is the first day until four day. Keywords: Cassava waste, dextrin, ekstender, wood adhesion

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Syervy Tanata, Mimi Richell Gunawan, and Setiaty Pandia. "PENGARUH KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN LIMBAH PADAT DAN CAIR INDUSTRI TAPIOKA TERHADAP PERSENTASE PENYISIHAN TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS) DENGAN STARTER KOTORAN SAPI." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 2, no. 3 (September 14, 2013): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v2i3.1441.

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The waste from tapioca industry is classified as an organic waste that contains many important compounds such as carbohydrate, protein and glucose. The research is aimed to know the quality of biogas from cassava pulp combined with waste water from the cassava starch industry using batch anaerobic digester system. The research began by mixing the solid and liquid wastes from tapioca industry at ratio 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60; and 30:70 (w/w) with starter from solid waste of cattle in a batch anaerobic digester. From this research, the optimum percentage reduction of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) was 76,2289% at ratio of solid and liquid waste was 70:30 (w/w).

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Omilani, Olaoluwa, Adebayo Abass, and Victor Okoruwa. "Smallholder Agroprocessors’ Willingness to Pay for Value-Added Solid-Waste Management Solutions." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 23, 2019): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061759.

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The paper examined the willingness of smallholder cassava processors to pay for value-added solid wastes management solutions in Nigeria. We employed a multistage sampling procedure to obtain primary data from 403 cassava processors from the forest and Guinea savannah zones of Nigeria. Contingent valuation and logistic regression were used to determine the willingness of the processors to pay for improved waste management options and the factors influencing their decision on the type of waste management system adopted and willingness to pay for a value-added solid-waste management system option. Women constituted the largest population of smallholder cassava processors, and the processors generated a lot of solid waste (605–878 kg/processor/season). Waste was usually dumped (59.6%), given to others (58.1%), or sold in wet (27.8%) or dry (35.5%) forms. The factors influencing the processors’ decision on the type of waste management system to adopt included sex of processors, membership of an association, quantity of cassava processed and ownership structure. Whereas the processors were willing to pay for new training on improved waste management technologies, they were not willing to pay more than US$3. However, US$3 may be paid for training in mushroom production. It is expected that public expenditure on training to empower processors to use solid-waste conversion technologies for generating value-added products will lead to such social benefits as lower exposure to environmental toxins from the air, rivers and underground water, among others, and additional income for the smallholder processors. The output of the study can serve as the basis for developing usable and affordable solid-waste management systems for community cassava processing units in African countries involved in cassava production.

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Yaya A. Gimba, Abubakar Idris, Abdullahi Hassan, and Opeyemi N. Hassan. "Isolation and optimization of the fermentation condition of cellulolytic microbial isolates from cassava waste water." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 011–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.1.0421.

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The study was conducted to isolate and identify cellulose producing microorganisms from cassava waste water. Cassava waste water sample was obtained from a cassava processing factory at Lokogoma town in Wushishi Local government area of Niger State. The microorganisms were isolated, identified and counted by standard microbiological methods. The mean bacteria count ranges from 6.8 x 103 cfu/mL-1 to 2.1 x 103 cfu/mL-1 while the fungi count ranges from 3.2 x 103 cfu/mL-1 to 1.2 x 103 cfu/mL-1. A total of eight (8) bacterial; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthrax, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsilla sp, Bacillus megaterus, Staph. Epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and six (6) fungi; Saccharomyce serivicea, Aspergillus niger, Penecillium sp., Muccor sp., Aspergilus flavus and Aspergilus fumigetus isolates were identified in the waste water. Among these organism, the best cellulase activity was recorded for Bacillus subtilis (10.39 x 10-4 mg/ml/sec) and Aspergillus niger (11.21 x 10-4 mg/ml/sec). However, maximum activity was obtained at pH ranges from 3 ~ 9, temperature ranges from 30 oC ~ 80oC and substrate concentrations ranges from 1.5% ~3.0%. In conclusion, cassava processing water regarded as waste water could be an alternative source of microorganisms capable of producing cellulase enzyme for industrial purposes.

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Setyo Aji, Wijayanto, Purwanto P, and Suherman S. "Good Housekeeping Implementation for Improving Efficiency in Cassava Starch Industry (Case Study : Margoyoso District, Pati Regency)." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183105011.

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Cassava starch industry is one of the leading small-medium enterprises (SMEs) in Pati Regency. Cassava starch industry released waste that reduces the quantity of final product and potentially contamined the environment. This study was conducted to observe the feasibility of good housekeeping implementation to reduce waste and at the same time improve efficiency of production process. Good housekeeping opportunities are consideration by three aspect, technical, economy and environmental. Good housekeeping opportunities involved water conservation and waste reduction. These included reuse of water in washing process, improving workers awareness in drying section and packaging section. Implementation of these opportunities can reduce water consumption, reduce wastewater and solid waste generation also increased quantity of final product.

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Syaifudin, Andang. "Alternatif Remediasi Limbah Cair Industri Keripik Singkong (Manihot utilissima) Menggunakan Tanaman Air dan Tawas." Jurnal Litbang Edusaintech 1, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51402/jle.v1i1.12.

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In the processing of chips using cassava (Manihot utilissima), it will produce waste in the form of solid and liquid waste. The liquid waste of processing cassava chips contains organic compounds that are easily decomposed and cause unpleasant odors. If the liquid waste is discharged directly into the environment, it will cause pollution and damage the environment. One of the steps that can be used to overcome this problem is phytoremediation. The purpose of this study was to determine the best treatment in the processing of cassava chips industrial wastewater so that the liquid waste is safe to dispose of into the environment. In this study, using two types of aquatic plants, namely water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and kiambang (Pistia stratiotes) and using alum to remediate liquid waste. This research was conducted experimentally using a jar with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 25 cm with 3 repetitions of each treatment. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively to determine the best treatment that can be used for remediation of cassava chips industry wastewater. The results showed that the use of water hyacinth plants (Eichhornia crassipes) could improve the quality of wastewater so that it is safe to dispose of into the environment.

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Akhadiarto, Sindu. "PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT SINGKONG DALAM PEMBUATAN PELET RANSUM UNGGAS." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v11i1.1230.

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Cassava peels is one of agriculture waste having potency as feed for poultry. Cassava peels represent waste product from cassava industry with amount 1,998 million ton in the year 2006 in Indonesia (10 percentage of corm of yielded cassava). The weakness of cassava peels are low crude protein content, less palatable for ruminant and have voluminous characteristic. One of the effort to increase usefulness of cassava peels is by using cassava peels as fibre source in pellet complete ration for poultry. The aim of this research was to know best level from utilization of cassava peels as physic quality in poultry complete ration. This study used Completely Randomized Design that consistsof three treatments and three replications. The treatments were: 1). Control feeds + 0% cassava peels (R1), 2). Control feeds + 30% dry matter cassava peels (R2), 3). Control feeds + 30% boiling matter cassava peels (R3). Data was analysed with ANOVA and continued with Duncan Test. The result indicated that effect of water content pellet ration with moisture tool is higher than using infrared tool. Pellet rations with dry matter and boiling matter control treatment before saving have physic qualities that still meet the quality standar of poultry ration. Eventhough, on treatment after saving, the physic qualities decrease and relatively less meet the quality standar of poultry rationKey word: waste, cassava peels, poultry ration, pellet complete.

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Photong, Noppawan, and Jaruwan Wongthanate. "Biofuel production from bio-waste by biological and physical conversion processes." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19868513.

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This research is focused on the feasibility of biofuel from water hyacinth mixed with cassava starch sediment by biological and physical conversion processes and the comparison of the gross electricity production in these processes. The biological conversion process produced biomethane by anaerobic digestion. The optimal conditions of biomethane production were a ratio of water hyacinth and cassava starch sediment at 25:75, initial pH of 7.5, thermophilic temperature (55 ± 2°C) and C/N ratio of 30. The maximum biomethane yield measured was 436.82 mL CH4 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)−1 and the maximum COD removal was 87.40%. The physical conversion process was bio-briquette. It was found that the ratios of water hyacinth and cassava starch sediment at 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 were the best ratio of fuel properties and close to the Thai Community Product Standard, with heating values of 15.66, 15.43, 15.10, 14.88 and 14.58 MJ kg−1, respectively. Moreover, results showed that the gross electricity production of the biological conversion process (biomethane) was 3.90 kWh and the gross electricity production of the physical conversion process (bio-briquette) from the ratios of water hyacinth and cassava starch sediment at 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 were 1.52, 1.50, 1.47, 1.45 and 1.42 kWh, respectively.

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ADEBAJO, S. O., A. K. AKINTOKUN, A. E. OJO, and C. A. AKINREMI. "STABILITY OF BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS TAENENSIS." Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology 18, no. 1 (October 6, 2020): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v18i1.2039.

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Biosurfactants are one of the microbial bioproducts that are naturally synthesized and are applicable for many industrial purposes. In this study, antibacterial, stability and antibiotic susceptibility of biosurfactant was evaluated. Biosurfactants produced from different substrates (groundnut cake, cassava flour waste, pome, cooking oil, engine oil, cassava waste water, molasses, cassava peel, potato) by Pseudomonas taenensis were evaluated for antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. Antibiotics susceptibility of Pseudomonas taenensis was carried out using different antibiotics (augmentin, ofloxacin, tetracyclin and ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, pefloxacin, amoxylin, ceftriazone, nitrofuranton and gentamycin). The stability of the biosurfactant was evaluated by adjusting the biosurfactant to: pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12) using 1M NaOH and 1M HCl, temperature (4, 30, 37, 55, 75 and 100 °C) and NaCl (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 %). Results showed that only biosurfactant produced using cassava waste water as substrate was sensitive to Escherichia coli while biosurfactant produced using cassava flour waste, pome and molasses were sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus. Biosurfactant-producing isolate (Pseudomonas taenensis) was sensitive to four antibiotics (augmentin, ofloxacin, tetracyclin and ciprofloxacin) and resistant to six antibiotics (cotrimoxazole, pefloxacin, amoxylin, ceftriazone, nitrofuranton and gentamycin). Biosurfactant was stable over all the wide ranges of pH, temperature and sodium chloride concentrations investigated. This study therefore revealed that biosurfactant have good stability, thus, could survive environmental stress; Not all biosurfactant and biosurfactant producers have antimicrobial and antibiotic property.

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Omotosho, O. A., and A. Y. Sangodoyin. "Production and utilization of cassava peel activated carbon in treatment of effluent from cassava processing industry." Water Practice and Technology 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2013.023.

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Industrial waste disposal is a worldwide problem. It is necessary to manage production facilities and systems properly to prevent environmental degradation. The major aim of this study was to produce Zinc Chloride activated carbon from cassava peels which is a major solid waste from the cassava production process. The wastewater from cassava processing was treated using a peroxide oxidation process before being subjected to adsorption using Cassava Peel Activated Carbon (CPAC) at different activation levels. Results from the study shows that CPAC at activation ratio of 1:1 was the most effective as all parameters after adsorption with the exception of suspended solids fell below FEPA interim standard on discharge. The CPAC at 2:3 activation ratio also met the discharge standards but after 8 hrs of contact time. The result shows that CPAC could be adopted for treatment of cassava industry wastewater. Decontamination efficiency of the CPAC was 100% for Ni, Cd, Cr and CN at all activation levels while BOD5 removal for no activation, 1:3, 2:3, 1:1 ZnCl2 activation levels were 78.8, 85.9, 87.9 and 92.9% respectively. The CPAC exhibited the lowest values for Ca removal efficiency of 8.9, 8.9, 10.1 and 10.1% for no activation, 1:3, 2:3 and 1:1 activation levels respectively. Colour removal efficiency values were 33.3, 41.7, 41.7 and 50.0% respectively after 8 hrs of contact time.

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Omotosho, A. O., and T. A. Ewemoje. "SEQUENTIAL PEROXIDE-OXIDATION AND ADSORPTION TREATMENT OF CASSAVA PROCESSING WASTEWATER: PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS IN AUGMENTATION OF WATER BUDGETING PRACTICES." Open Journal of Environmental Research (ISSN: 2734-2085) 1, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ojer.v1i1.71.

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Cassava processing is an industry common to most West African countries as well as in other tropical countries of the world. The processing of cassava is known for its high consumption of water resources. This study therefore investigates the potential for cassava processing water conservation using combined peroxide-oxidation and adsorption recycling processing technology. A Sequential Peroxide-Oxidation and Adsorption treatment process was established by producing cassava peel carbon and activated carbon from waste cassava peels. This was used in the adsorption of pollutant parameters in oxidized cassava processing wastewater. The study further went on to estimate the volume of water that could be conserved in Nigeria through the employment of the Sequential Peroxide-Oxidation and Adsorption treatment process with the aid of a 3-scenario water-based estimation techniques. The research revealed that the estimated volume of water employed in processing cassava through fermentation process is about 1,525 l/ton while that for non-fermentation process is about 960 l/ton. However, an estimated 104,951.36, 100,195.20 and 95,639.04 million litres of water could be conserved considering each of the three cassava process combination scenarios. The study concluded that if cassava industry could make use of the combined peroxide-oxidation and adsorption recycling processing technology described as in the experimental procedure, substantial volume of water resources could be conserved and recycled for other uses such as irrigation, as well as groundwater recharge thereby improving water budget. Omotosho, O. A. | Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Unit, Institute of Agricultural Research & Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria

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Tsado, Amos Ndarubu, Gana David, Habiba A. Ibrahim, Gboke A. Jiya, Rakiya Zubairu, Rosemary N. Okoli, and Danazumi Nathaniel. "Nutritional evaluation of the peels from Citrullus lanatus and Manihot esculenta, an insight into the conversion of waste to food." AROC in Food and Nutrition 1, no. 1 (August 23, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/arocfn01010107.

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Background: Huge quantity of cassava and watermelon wastes are daily discharged to the environment with unwholesome consequences. Therefore, research into the effective utilization of these agricultural by-products is of global interest. Methods: The present study evaluated the proximate, minerals, and amino acid compositions of cassava and watermelon peels using standard procedures. Results: The results revealed that carbohydrate is the most abundant proximate contents of both the cassava (82.14±0.42%) and watermelon (62.58±0.78%) peel, followed by crude fiber (5.51±0.06% and 18.90±0.04%), moisture (8.31±0.04% and 5.20±0.07%), crude ash (1.25±0.03% and 7.25±0.04%) for cassava and watermelon peels respectively, while crude fat (0.98±0.03% and 3.92±0.06%) is the least abundant proximate in both samples. Magnesium is the most abundant mineral contents of both the cassava (79.50±4.45Mg/100g) and watermelon (75.53±3.70Mg/100g) peel, followed by sodium (62.35±0.79 Mg/100g and 52.24±3.24 Mg/100g), potassium (22.12±1.34 and 32.65±2.01 mg/100g) for cassava and watermelon peels respectively while copper (0.73±0.05 Mg/100g and 0.67±0.64 Mg/100g) was the least abundant minerals in both samples. The total amino acid compositions of 66.31±4.56 g/100g and 41.80±2.68 g/100g were recorded for cassava and watermelon peel. Glutamic acid (9.96±0.06g/100g) and leucine (4.03±0.05 mg/100g) the most abundant amino acid in cassava and watermelon seed respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, the peels of cassava and water melon examined, have appreciable levels of nutrients compositions that can be incorporated into human and animal feed formulation.

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Okunwaye, T., P. O. Uadia, B. O. Okogbenin, E. A. Okogbenin, D. C. Onyia, and J. U. Obibuzor. "Amylase-Producing Fungi and Bacteria Associated with Some Food Processing Wastes." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 38, no. 1 (July 27, 2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v38i1.9.

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Amylases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds present in starch to release simple sugars. They are one of the most important enzymes in numerous commercial processes. In this investigation, fungal and bacterial strains from the following agro-industrial wastes were isolated and screened for amylolytic ability: soil from oil palm plantation, shea seed, date fruit, coconut meat, cassava effluent, cassava peel, cassava tubers, yam and potato tubers, starch medium, parboiled water from noodles and rice. The results revealed the presence of Geotrichum, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus and Fusarium spp. Five major genera of bacterial species namely Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Micrococcus and Bacillus were isolated and screened for amylase activity. Cassava soil had the highest heterotrophic bacterial count of 5.7 x105cfu/g and coconut meat waste had the lowest heterotrophic bacterial count of 1.3 x105cfu/g. All isolated microorganisms had the amylolytic ability. The fungal isolates had higher amylase activity when compared with the bacterial isolates. This investigation reveals organisms with high amylase activity.

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Huang, Lijie, Hanyu Zhao, Hao Xu, Shuxiang An, Chunying Li, Chongxing Huang, Shuangfei Wang, Yang Liu, and Jie Chen. "Study of 4,4‘-Methylene Diisocyanate Phenyl Ester-Modified Cassava Residues/Polybutylene Succinate Biodegradable Composites: Preparation and Performance Research." Processes 7, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090588.

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Biomass materials have become a research focus for humankind, due to the decreasing availability of fossil fuels and the increasing release of greenhouse gas. In this work, we prepared biodegradable composites with waste cassava residues and polybutylene succinate (PBS) by modifying cassava residues using 4,4’-methylene diisocyanate phenyl ester (MDI) and tested their properties. The effects of MDI modification on the structure, mechanical properties, water absorption, microstructure, and thermal stability of the composites were studied via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, mechanical property testing, water absorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results showed that the tensile strength and flexural strength of the material increased by 72% and 20.89%, respectively, when the MDI-modified cassava residue content was 30%. When 10% MDI-modified cassava residues were added, the tensile strength increased by 19.46% from 16.96 MPa to 20.26 MPa, while the bending strength did not change significantly. The water contact angle of the MDI-treated cassava residues exceeded 100°, indicating excellent hydrophobicity. Thus, MDI modification can significantly improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the biocomposite. The composites were immersed in distilled water for 96 h. The water absorption of the cassava residues/PBS composite was 2.19%, while that of the MDI-modified cassava residues/PBS composite was 1.6%; hence, the water absorption of the MDI-modified cassava residues/PBS composite was reduced to 26.94%. This technology has wide application potential in packaging, construction, and allied fields.

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Haq, Nadhia Nurul. "CASSAVA WASTE AS AN ADDITIONAL SOURCE OF ORGANIC COMPOSES." Journal of Science Innovare 2, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jsi.v2i2.1532.

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This research aims to determine the effectiveness of adding powder cassava waste in compost making. Versatile in making compost. This research uses a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 4 settings with 3 replications with different amounts. The parameters chosen were composting temperature, composting fermentation time period, composting humidity, acidity composting and continued with water spinach growth vegetative test. Data analysis using one-way ANOVA test and further tests with Duncan's Multi Range Test at 1% significance level. Research results for 30 days in making compost with cassava powder complement, like fertilizer after growth, Vegetative ground spinach (ipomoea reptans) did not show a significant effect or no effect

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Apriyani, Mery, and Endaruji Sedyadi. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRDABLE PLASTIC FROM CASAVA STARCH AND ALOE VERA EXTRACT WITH GLYCEROL PLASTICIZER." Jurnal Sains Dasar 4, no. 2 (May 20, 2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jsd.v4i2.9090.

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Synthesis and characterizations of Biodegradable Plastic made of Cassava Waste Starch, glycerol, acetic acid and Aloe vera extract has done. The aims of this research are to study the influence of addition of aloe vera extract in plastics mechanics properties, water vapor transmission rate and biodegradation. There are five main steps in this research, extraction of aloe vera, cassava starch preparation from cassava waste, preparations, characterization and biodegradability study of biodegradable plastic. The addition variations of aloe vera extract that used in this research are 0.01; 0.03; 0.05; 0.07 and 0.14 grams. Results showed that the addition of aloe Vera tends to increased biodegrable plastic thickness to 0.01 mm and elongation to 32.07%. However, biodegradable plastic tensile strength tends to decreased to 23.95 Mpa. Optimum tensile strength is 3.90 Mpa and elongation is 34.43%. Optimum water vapor transmission rate is 2.40 g/m2hours. Biodegradation study of biodegradable plastic showed that addition of aloe vera extract doesn’t significantly influence in plastic degradations.

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Oduguwa, B. O., G. O. Sanusi, O. A. Fasae, O. A. Oni, and O, M. Arigbede. "Nutritive value, growth performance and haematological parameters of West African dwarf sheep fed preserved pineapple fruit waste and cassava by- products." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 40, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v40i1.671.

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Twelve West African dwarf sheep, aged between 6 to 8 months and weighing 9 to 10.5 kg were randomly allocated to four treatments consisting of ensiled pineapple fruit waste and cassava root meal (CRM+PFW); sun-dried pineapple fruit waste (PFW); ensiled cassava peels and pineapple fruit waste (CP+PFW); cassava peel and cassava root meal (CP+CRM), to determine the performance, digestibility and haematological parameters in a completely randomised design in a 56 day feeding trial. The results revealed that there were differences (p<0.05) in the daily weight gain of the animals. Animals fed CP+PFW had significantly (p<0.05) higher daily weight gain than other treatments. Daily DM intake also followed the same trend. Daily weight gain observed for CRM+PFW, PFW, CP+PFW, CP+CRM were 23.57g/day, 59.28g/day, 66.43g/day and 40.71g/day, respectively. Sun-dried pineapple fruit waste diet induced (p<0.05) the highest water intake of 1.93litre/day. All the haematological and serum biochemical indices were influenced (p<0.05) by the treatments. Packed cell volume (PCV) ranged from 28% to 37%, while haemoglobin concentration (Hb) ranged from 9.5g/dl to 12.5g/dl. Albumin and total protein values ranged significantly (P<0.05) from 32.7 to 37.8g/dl and 41.7 to 78.2 g/l respectively. It was concluded that animals on CP+PFW had the best growth performance, hence, ensiled pineapple fruit waste +cassava peels can be recommended to sheep farmers for better intake and performance especially during the austere periods.

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Harris, Mark Anglin. "Environmental Contamination from Industrial Bitter Cassava: Implications for Moisture-Pressure Combination Treatments." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 11 (October 11, 2016): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n11p204.

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<p>Commercial processing of cassava produces vast quantities of cyanide-laced waste which can adversely infiltrate water supplies and air breathed by factory workers. This study aimed to determine the comparative concentration of cyanogens in the cassava peel as opposed to that of the pith and the effect of the moisture-pressure combination treatments on cyanide concentration. A semi-quantitiative test using the picrate-spectrophotometer method was applied, where, at room temperature in a closed vial, reactions caused liberation of HCN which reacts with a picrate paper. The results showed a 25% higher level of cyanogen concentration in casssava peels compared to that of blended peels and pith. Treatments released cyanide from samples in the order: 2 h wetting at 50 °C + pressing > 4 h wetting at 25 °C + pressing = 2 h wetting at 40 °C + pressing > 2 h wet at 25 °C + pressing = 4h wet at 25 °C > 12 h pressing. In this manner, wetting for 2 h at 50 °C followed by pressure for 12 h released cyanide by at least 20% more than that of any other treatment. The combination of moisture and pressure enhanced the contact time between linamarin and linamarase to increase the release of HCN. Physiological cyanide overload in organisms from cassava processing occurs in water, land, and air. Therefore the reduction in concentration observed in this study, if applied at an early stage of the cassava processing, should reduce the rate of morbidity in environments at risk.</p>

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Herrera, Carlos A., Miguel E. Rosillo, and Alberto García. "Cassava flour separation using inverse cyclone." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 11, no. 5 (October 2007): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662007000500011.

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In developing countries cassava starch is produced mostly rurally using artisan methods through wet-way processes that consume as much as 37 m³ of water per processed ton. In comparison, the little industrial production consumes 5 m³ of water per processed ton. These waste waters, highly contaminated, are usually discharged in to the rivers without any treatment. With the aim of industrializing the cassava flour production, CIAT and CLAYUCA are developing an alternative dry technology, environmentally sustainable, to produce enriched flour as a starch substitute. The intention is to separate the starch enriched flour (< 44 mum) from the fiber rich coarse flour (> 44 mum). The use of an inversely operated cyclone (related to the conventional operation) showed good potential in terms of efficiency and economy. In this paper we propose pressure drop (deltap), fines (< 44 mum) recovery efficiency (eta), and fines recovery quality (q), as main functional parameters to characterize the apparatus. Results show that deltap, eta, and q only depend on gas velocity (v g) and on the feed solid concentration (c). The h and q magnitudes, approximately 60 and 80% respectively, demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique. Potential improvements merit further exploration.

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Keller, Milena, Elizangela Ambrosio, Vinícius Masiero de Oliveira, Mariana Moraes Góes, Gizilene Maria de Carvalho, Vagner Roberto Batistela, and Juliana Carla Garcia. "Polyurethane foams synthesis with cassava waste for biodiesel removal from water bodies." Bioresource Technology Reports 10 (June 2020): 100396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100396.

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Cahyandari, Dini, and Heru Santoso Budi Rohardjo. "Effects of Surface Treatments on Nata de Cassava on the Tensile Strength and Morphology of Bacterial Cellulose Sheet." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.305.

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Cellulose is natural fiber source that available abundant in the world. Besides lignin, hemi cellulose and wax, cellulose is the most component of plant. Cellulose can be produced from secretion of bacteria. Kind of bacteria that can produce cellulose are pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Alkaligene and Acetobacter, but bacteria strain that usually used to produce cellulose called bacterial cellulose is Acetobacter xylinum. Culture medium of Acetobacter xylinum are medium that contain of carbon and nitrogen. One of the medium that contain carbon and nitrogen is tapioka waste water. The gel that produce from tapioka water called nata de cassava. Cellulose fiber that produce from nata de cassava more pure than that from plant. Mechanical properties of single bacterial cellulose fiber as young’s modulus is 114 GPa and tensile strength is 78 GPa. Nata de cassava is produced with 1% sugar consentration and fermentation time is 14 days. pH of tapioka water medium is adjusting by acetic acid glacial. Nata de cassava gel washed for 2 days on running water than soaked in NaOH and NaOCl solution. Than washed on running water than dried on light pressure (0,2 MPa) and oven for an hour on 80°C. this bacterial cellulose film is ready to used as spesiment of tensile test and SEM observation. The aim of this research is to find the effect of surface treatments (Merserizing and Bleaching) on nata de cassava gel on mechanical properties and morfology of bacterial cellulose sheet. From the research find that NaOH treatment give the highest tensile strength of bacterial cellulose sheet compared to NaOCl treatment of nata de cassava.

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Asmara, S., W. Rahmawati, S. Suharyatun, B. Kurnia, I. Listiana, and R. A. D. Widyastuti. "Producing organic pot from cassava stem waste for water spinach (Ipomea reptans Poir) as waste management strategy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 739, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012039.

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Ibeto, C. "Bio-ethanol Production from Thermally Pre-treated Corn Chaff and Cassava Waste Water." International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2014): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2014/6913.

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., D. J. Arotupin. "Evaluation of Microorganisms from Cassava Waste Water for Production of Amylase and Cellulase." Research Journal of Microbiology 2, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jm.2007.475.480.

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Boncz, M. A., L. Pinheiro Bezerra, C. Nobuyoshi Ide, and P. Loureiro Paulo. "Optimisation of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of agro-industrial waste streams in Brazil." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 8 (October 1, 2008): 1659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.508.

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The important Brazilian agro-industry produces significant amounts of wastewater with high concentrations of biodegradable compounds. A lot can be gained if wastewater treatment would take place using anaerobic reactors instead of the anaerobic lagoons generally used now. Apart from preventing methane emissions to the atmosphere this would permit the use of the biogas as a source of energy. To facilitate implementation of this technology also in small and intermediate sized companies a system requiring only minimal maintenance is needed. The need for maintenance by skilled labour can be reduced using an automated process control system, which is being developed. Cassava (manioc, tapioca) processing wastewater has been treated in a lab scale UASB reactor equipped with an on-line monitoring system, to test a control strategy based mainly on pH control. Good results have been obtained treating not only pre-acidified but also treating raw (diluted) cassava processing wastewater.

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Harahap, Hamidah, Kelvin Hadinatan, Adrian Hartanto, Elmer Surya, Indra Surya, and Hanafi Ismail. "Influence of Modified Cassava Peel Waste (CPW) Loading on Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) Products." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.342.

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Cassava peel is one of agricultural waste that abundantly found in environment. One approach to manage this waste is to apply it as filler in natural rubber latex. In this work, the cassava peel waste (CPW) was powdered and dispersed in alkanolamide-water dispersion system to modify its surface. The amount of fillers used was 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 phr (part per hundred rubber) and loaded in natural rubber latex (NRL) formulation system. The products then were formed by dipping method after the NRL formulation was pre-vulcanized at 70°C. The observed parameter includes crosslink density, tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of tensile fracture in NRL film. The results show that 10 phr loading of modified fillers increases the crosslink density, tensile strength, and tensile modulus but decreases the elongation at break. SEM study also reveals that higher filler loading above 10 phr will create the agglomeration in rubber matrix.

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Situmorang, Asido, and Yosef Manik. "Life Cycle Assessment of Food Processing Systems in Toba Samosir Regency." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 05031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187305031.

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This study assesses the gate-to-gate environmental impacts of food processing systems operating in Toba Samosir Regency using Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The systems in question are processing of tapioca, coffee, and tofu, with the functional units of 50 kg of tapioca starch, 1 kg of coffee powder, and 25 kg of tofu, respectively. The inventory data were collected directly from the producers in the form of both production records and interviews. The linked flows that describe the production process for each of the system are obtained as follow. In producing 50 kg of tapioca starch, 200 kg cassava root and 800 kg of water are required. This system generates 40 kg of cassava peel, 60 kg of pulp and discharges 850 kg of waste water. For starch drying 209 MJ of thermal energy is required in the form of heating fuel. In order to produce 1 kg of fine coffee, 4 kg of coffee cherry and 30 kg of water are required. This system generates 3 kg of cherry peel and pulp mixture as solid co-product and discharges 30 kg of waste water. For roasting and milling the coffee bean, 90 MJ of thermal energy is consumed from firewood and gasoline. In producing 25 kg of tofu, 11 kg of soybean, 0.2 kg of flour and 140 kg of water are required. This system generates 16 kg of wet pulp and discharges 89 kg of waste water. For milling, 250 MJ of thermal energy is consumed from gasoline and rice husk. Water is the most vulnerable environmental compartment since most of the waste water is being discharged into the stream with limited treatment. The environmental hotspots associated with these systems are eutrophication potential, global warming potential (climate change), acidification, and photochemical oxidation potential.

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Luong, Huu Thanh, Thuy Nga Vu, Ngoc Quynh Nguyen, Kieu Bang Tam Nguyen, Thi Hong Van Dao, and Thi Hang Nga Nguyen. "Phosphorus treatment in wastewater by microorganisms isolated from cassava starch production waste." Journal of Vietnamese Environment 9, no. 3 (July 20, 2018): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol9.no3.pp141-144.

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In waste water, phosphorous (P) can exist in inorganic or organic forms. Depending on the concentration, P can cause eutrophication and severe environmental pollution. Microorganisms have the ability to use and accumulate P, so microorganisms are studied to treat P in waste water in general and wastewater from cassava starch processing plants in particular. Research results show that in the 20 samples of waste water and sludge of the plant has selected three strains of bacteria that can accumulate P in the form of granules in the cell. Among them, SHV22 has the highest P accumulation capacity, reaching 3.05x10-11 mg/cell, P removal efficiency in wastewater from cassava starch processing factory is 82.1%. The strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Trong nước thải P có thể tồn tại dưới dạng vô cơ hoặc hữu cơ. Tùy thuộc vào nồng độ, P có thể gây phú dưỡng và ô nhiễm môi trường nghiêm trọng. Vi sinh vật có khả năng sử dụng và tích lũy P, do đó vi sinh vật là đối tượng được nghiên cứu để xử lý P trong nước thải nói chung và nước thải của nhà máy chế biến tinh bột sắn nói riêng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, trong 20 mẫu nước và bùn thải của nhà máy đã chọn lựa được 3 chủng vi khuẩn có khả năng tích lũy P dưới dạng hạt trong tế bào. Trong số đó, chủng SHV22 có khả năng tích lũy P cao nhất, đạt tới 3,05x10-11 mg/tế bào, hiệu quả loại bỏ P trong nước thải của nhà máy chế biến tinh bột sắn đạt 82,1%. Chủng đã được định danh là Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

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Wulan Pawhestri, Suci, Eva Okta Verina, Sara Gustia Wibowo, and Mulia Safrida Sari. "The Effectiveness of Cassava Leaf Flour (Manihot esculenta C.) and Fish Flour as Artificial Meal on Growth of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)." BIOLOGICA SAMUDRA 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jbs.v2i1.2249.

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Aquaculture is an effort to look for profits through the maintenance and breeding of aquatic organisms in an environment. Agricultural waste that is not utilized by humans can actually be used as a mixture in the manufacture of tilapia fish feed as long as it has sufficient protein content such as old cassava leaves. This study aims to determine whether cassava leaf flour (Manihot esculenta C.) can be used as a mixture of fish meal ingredients in the manufacture of tilapia fish feed (Oreochromis niloticus) and at what concentrations of artificial feed made from a mixture of fish meal and cassava leaf flour is effective as a feed parrot fish. This research was conducted in the village of Sidodadi Asri, Jati Agung, South Lampung using RAL method with four treatments and two repetitions, namely commercial feed, mixed feed 75% Fish meal: 25% cassava leaf flour, 50% fish meal: 50% cassava leaf flour , and 25% fish meal: 75% cassava leaf flour will be tested on tilapia for 30 days. The parameters observed were the growth of tilapia, survival rate, protein content in feed, and pond water quality. From the results of research on the effectiveness of fish meal and cassava leaf flour (Manihot esculenta C.) as tilapia fish feed (Oreochromis niloticus) showed artificial feed with a mixture of 75% fish meal and 25% cassava leaf flour gave the most optimal growth results.

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Lia Novenda, Ika, Pujiastuti Pujiastuti, and Setyo Andi Nugroho. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR SINGKONG DAN INDUSTRI TEMPE KEDELAI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR." Pancaran Pendidikan 6, no. 1 (May 18, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25037/pancaran.v6i1.10.

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Cassava and soybean industry has a high level of waste production, and yet have the technology to reduce pollution. Industrial liquid waste is discharged directly into water bodies without any processing will occur blooming (deposition of organic material at disposal), the process of decay and growth of pathogenic microorganisms. These conditions cause the stench and disease organisms. So. The problem can be be solved by the cassava and soybean liquid waste be valuable end products a manner to manage it as an organic liquid fertilizer. This research aims to determine the influence of the environment (pH and temperature), BOD and nutrient content of C and N of the effect of industry concentration EM4 with tapioca waste and industrial waste tempe on the quality of liquid fertilizer. Liquid organic fertilizer conducted 4 weeks with different concentrations of each sample (K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6). Fertilizer conducted facultative anaerobes which provides a 10-liter bucket, the lid is provided with a hole size of 2 mm by 1 piece, and once a week conducted physical observations of fertilizer that is pH and temperature. week 4 BOD test, and test the nutrient content of Organic C and N Total. The results showed pH measurement 3rd week suffered the smallest pH of 4.1. Measurement of the temperature reached the peak temperature also on the 3rd week of 37oC. The BOD contained in the sample K4 at 4.6 mg / l and BOD lowest in K6 sample is 3.1 mg / l. Research shows Organic C content ranged from 4.32% to 4.92%, while the content of N-total ranged from 0.88% to 1.87%. From the research of the most good nutrient used as organic manure is sampled K6 (200 ml EM4 + 300 ml + 2500 ml Cassava Waste waste tempe).

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Akpenpuun, Timothy Denen, and Ridwan Gbadeyanka. "Strength and micro-structural properties of wood chips composite panel." BioResources 15, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 1861–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1861-1876.

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The increase in activities in the wood-based industries has contributed greatly to deforestation, and this has consequently led to the development of new materials to substitute for the felling of trees. In this study, red Ironwood (Lophira alata) chips and cassava starch were used for the production of particleboard. Chip sizes of 0.85 and 1.7 mm and the dosage and types of binders (cassava starch, urea formaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde-modified cassava starch) were the variables. The ratio of wood chips to the binders was 1.0:1.5. The boards were formed in rectangular moulds. Water absorption, thickness swelling, flexural tests, and material characterisation (scanning electron microscopy) were performed. The data were subjected to analysis of variance. The panels produced with modified cassava starch had the best mechanical properties with the modulus of elasticity ranging from 5.9 to 32.3 N/mm2 but had a higher thickness swelling values ranging from 3 to 59.4%. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the boards manufactured using plain starch and modified starch. These results showed that modified cassava starch is a better binding agent than plain cassava starch in terms of panel MOR and MOE. The developed particleboard can be used for indoor paneling, partitioning, and ceilings.

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Saikeaw, Nistha, Vilai Rungsardthong, Peerapong Pornwongthong, Savitri Vatanyoopaisarn, Benjawan Thumthanaruk, Napisa Pattharaprachayakul, Jittimon Wongsa, Solange I. Mussatto, and Dudsadee Uttapap. "Preparation and properties of biodegradable cat litter produced from cassava (Manihot esculenta L. Crantz) trunk." E3S Web of Conferences 302 (2021): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130202017.

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Organic based cat litter becomes more and more popular in many countries including Thailand because of the concern on environmental and health impacts in cats and cat owners. Most of the cat litter sold in Thailand is manufactured and imported from abroad. Cassava trunk pith, the stele of cassava trunk, is the biomass obtained from agricultural waste which presents excellent water absorption. Thus, the purpose of this article was to investigate the preparation of the biodegradable cat litter from cassava trunk pith. The composition of cassava trunk pith was analyzed by standard methods. The preparation of the cat litter was performed by mixing cassava trunk pith with the binder (glycerol, and palm oil) at the ratio 49.7:40.0 by weight. The effects of two clumping agents, guar gum and xanthan gum at 5-15%, on the properties of cat litter were determined. The cassava trunk pith consisted of cellulose (47.12%), lignin (30.18%), hemicellulose (14.07%), extractives (5.69%) and ash (2.94%) by wet weight basic. The litter from all formulations obtained a high rating scale for clump strength with the use of palm oil. The addition of guar gum, and xanthan gum as a clumping agent resulted to the products with desirable physical properties. These results demonstrated that cassava trunk pith has a high potential for product development as biodegradable cat litter.

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Wan Rizki Ansari, Umayi Belladiana, and Setiaty Pandia. "PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP PERSENTASE PENYISIHAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI TOTAL (TSS) CAMPURAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAPIOKA DENGAN AIR." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v3i1.1494.

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The waste water of tapioca is the waste produced from the washing process raw materials, screening cassava porridge (extraction) and starch sediment containing organic compounds which are still important, especially starch and other compounds that can be used as raw material for the manufacture of bio gas. This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation time on the elimination percentage of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) using batch anaerobic digester system. Research was carried out by mixing the liquid waste of tapioca industry with water in the ratio 100:0; 85:15; 65:35; 50:50;35:65, and 15:85 (v/v) with starterin an anaerobic digester system batch in which neutral pH of the mixture was set. Parameter observed was the content of Total Suspended Solid. Percentage of elimination of Total Suspended Solid was reached at the rasio of liquid waste to water 100:0 (v/v) with the optimal value of 89.851% on the 21th day.

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R. B. Witono, Judy, Henrietta Henrietta, and Y. I. P. Arry Miryanti. "The Effect of Crosslinker and Pore Generated on Selective Adsorbent (Cu2+) based on Grafting of Acrylic Acid onto Cassava Starch." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n7p37.

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The technology development in many industries nowadays, such as electronic industry produces heavy metal wastes which may pollute our environment. The use of adsorbent as a heavy metal removal from soil and water is one of the efficient process which can be considered to be used. In addition the release of the adsorbate becomes an important way as well because usually those heavy metals still have a high value. The objective of this research is to develop adsorbent based on cassava starch. So, the release process will become easier and will not produce another waste. The adsorbent was produced through the grafting of acrylic acid onto cassava starch by using Fenton initiator. To construct a stable 3-D network, the crosslinker (CL) N,N’- methylenebisacrylamide was added. The variable observed were the amount of CL added (0.5%; 1.5%; 2.5% and 3.5%) and the treatment of generating more pores on starch copolymer. The treatments on starch copolymer observed were single freezing, second freezing, and citric acid modification and carbonization methods. Analysis performed on the adsorbent was % add-on, water absorption and metal adsorption (especially Cu2+ ion) capacity. The result showed that the used of 2.5% CL produced the highest add-on (47.66 %), the highest water absorption capacity and the highest metal adsorption capacity (0.29g Cu2+/g adsorbent) The citric acid modification also produced the highest pores on the adsorbent.

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Mas’ud, Zainal Alim, Mohammad Khotib, Nurmutia Sari, and Anwar Nur. "Synthesis of Cassava Waste Pulp-Acrylamide Super Absorbent: Effect of Initiator and Cross-Linker Concentration." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 13, no. 1 (May 6, 2013): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21328.

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Cassava waste pulp (CWP) contains high carbohydrates that can be modified into super absorbent polymer (SAP) through grafting and cross-linking copolymerization. Acrylamide (AM) was grafted onto CWP with ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linker under atmospheric nitrogen. The effect of APS and MBA concentrations on water absorption capacity of saponified SAP was studied, while the evaluation of grafting ratio (GR) and grafting efficiency (GRE) was conducted on unsaponified SAP. The grafting success was indicated by the occurrence of IR peaks at wave numbers of 573, 765, 858, and 1667 cm-1. In the saponified SAP, the very intense characteristic band at 1562 cm-1 is due to C=O asymmetric stretching in the carboxylate anion. Saponification increases significantly water absorption capacity compared to that of unsaponified SAP (from 39.79 g/g to 578.23 g/g). The highest water absorption capacity is reached at 0.74% APS and 0.09% MBA. The percentage of GRE and GR tends to increase with increasing APS concentration until reaching the highest value and then decreases. Effect of MBA concentration on water absorption capacity, GR, and on GRE is similar to the effect of initiator concentration on GR and GRE.

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Mama, Cordelia Nnennaya, and Jonah Chukwuemeka Agunwamba. "Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cassava Waste Water and Abdominal Cow Dung under Changing Meteorological Parameters." International Journal of Civil, Mechanical and Energy Science 5, no. 2 (2019): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijcmes.5.2.5.

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Mama, Cordelia Nnennaya, and Jonah Chukwuemeka Agunwamba. "Biogas Production from Blends of Cassava Waste Water and Cow Dung under Changing Meteorological Parameters." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 14, no. 4 (October 16, 2017): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw-170039.

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Adamu, A., DB Adie, and UA Alka. "A Comparative Study of the Use of Cassava Species and Alum in Waste Water Treatment." Nigerian Journal of Technology 33, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v33i2.5.

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Maieves, Helayne Aparecida, Daiana Cardoso De Oliveira, Júlia Rodrigues Frescura, and Edna Regina Amante. "Selection of cultivars for minimization of waste and of water consumption in cassava starch production." Industrial Crops and Products 33, no. 1 (January 2011): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.10.017.

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Ume, Smiles I., U. J. Onwujiariri, and T. C. Nwaneri. "Effect of Cassava Processing to the Environment in South East, Nigeria - Implication on Adoption of Cassava Processing Technology." Sustainable Food Production 9 (November 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/sfp.9.1.

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Effect of adoption of improved cassava processing technology to the environment in South East, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to describe the socio economic characteristics of the processors; identify the effect of cassava processing to the environmental; identify different forms of cassava processing; identify the technologies used by the processors to abate pollution; determine the factors affecting the decision of the processor in adopting of the technologies and identify the constraints to cassava processing in the study area. One hundred and twenty processors were selected from the States. A well structured questionnaire was used to collect information needed for the study. The objectives were addressed using percentages, logistic model analysis and factor analysis. The results show that most cassava processors were aged, fairly educated, well experienced and membership of organization. The different forms of cassava processing in the study area are gari, fufu, tapioca, starch and flour. The effects of cassava processing on the environment were odour, flies, mosquito dust, cyanide, carbon compound and waste water. The technologies adopted by the processor in order to abate pollution were use of collection pit, heap and burn, use of protective devices, source of fuel and dumping in the farm. The determinant factors to adoption of the technologies to abate pollution were education of the processors, credit, and membership of organization, processing experience and extension services. The constraints to cassava root processing were poor access to credit, high price of processing equipment, Poor pricing of products, poor infrastructure, poor pricing of products, irregular suppiy of tubers and Poor market information. There is need to ensure processors’ access to educational programs such as adult program, extension services, credit facilities and regular supply of cassava roots.

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Ellyana, Kharisma Madda, Kharisma Luthfiaratri Rahayu, Ratri Febriastuti, and Abdul Haris. "Cassava Skin Usage (Manihot esculenta L.) as Photocatalyst for Degradation of Methylene Blue in the River of Textile Industrial Zone." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 21, no. 4 (October 21, 2018): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.4.232-236.

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The progress of the textile industry can increase the amount of dyestuff waste, but often waste disposal is overlooked. The purpose of this research is to provide solution in handling river water pollution by textile industry dye waste. The degradation of textile industry dye waste can be done with TiO2 semiconductors with UV light as a source of irradiation, but only 5% of sunlight can be utilized TiO2 to excite its electrons, so degradation process is not effective. It needs a material that can optimize the activity of TiO2 semiconductor, one of them C-dot coming from cassava skin. The results obtained in this research were TiO2/C-dot composite which could degrade methylene blue where its effectiveness was tested using UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument. TiO2/C-dot photocatalyst activity test for methylene blue 0.0001 M showed that the concentration of 20% with the amount of degradation up to 96,99%, best type of rays was sunshine with amount of degradation up to 66,25% and longest radiation in sunshine with the amount of degradation was up to 78.77% and UV with the amount of degradation up to 75.99%.

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Darmawati, Darmawati, Syarifah Maulidar, and Khairun Nisa. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT SINGKONG TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR MANGAN (Mn) DALAM AIR DENGAN BEBERAPA VARIASI KONSENTRASI." BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan 7, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v7i2.5656.

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The study aims to find out about the possibility of utilizing cassava peel waste as raw material for making activated carbon to reduce levels of Manganese in water. This study also wants to see the effect of variations in the concentration of activated carbon from cassava peels on decreasing levels of Manganese in water. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Akademi Analis Kesehatan Pemerintah Aceh and at the UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan Banda Aceh on 3-11 March 2016. Manganese was analysed using the persulfate method while the Manganese was examinated by the spectrophotometric method. The sample used is an artificial sample by adding MnSO4 to water. The variation of activated carbon concentration added is 2 gr, 3 gr, and 4 gr. The results are that with the addition of 2 grams of activated carbon the percentage of Manganese reduction was 70.37%, the addition of 3 grams of activated carbon decreased Manganese concentration by 86.59%, while the addition of 4 grams of activated carbon reduced the percentage of Manganese to 92.33%. It can be concluded that the higher the concentration of activated carbon added, the higher the decrease in levels of Manganese in the water.

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Syuhada, Mahfud, Sintia Ainus Sofa, and Endaruji Sedyadi. "The Effect of Cassava Peel Starch Addition to Bioplastic Biodegradation Based On Chitosan On Soil and River Water Media." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 9, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2020.91.7-13.

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The study of the relationship between starch addition to biodegradation of bioplastics has been carried out. This study aims to understand the biodegradability of chitosan-based bioplastics with additional cassava peel starch on soil and river water media. This research was conducted through four stages, namely making starch from cassava peel waste, making bioplastics using the blending and castingwet processes method with variations of starch 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml. Testing physical mechanical properties including water resistance, thickness, tensile strength, elongation, and modulus young. Testing the characteristics of bioplastics functional groups was carried out using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and biodegradation testing of bioplastics carried out on soil and river water media. The results of bioplastics research with variation 5 ml produce good mechanical physical properties. Bioplastics produced water resistance value of 45.03%, thickness of 0.0190 mm, tensile strength of 49.93 MPa, elongation of 3.068% and Young modulus of 1627.63 MPa. Bioplastics biodegradation test was observed by measuring the decrease in sample mass. The biodegradation test results in soil and river water media respectively showed a decrease in bioplastic mass up to 63% and 54%. The biodegradation rate of the calculation results on soil media is −0,1502 and in river water media is −0,0948.

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Utami Hatmi, Retno, Erni Apriyati, and Nurdeana Cahyaningrum. "Edible coating quality with three types of starch and sorbitol plasticizer." E3S Web of Conferences 142 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014202003.

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Edible coating is one form of packaging technology with environmentally friendly theme. The raw materials of edible coating derived from nature, while the waste is decomposed or even zero waste. The research of edible coating using experimental design RAL (completely randomized design) with two factors, namely the type of raw material used tuber starch (cassava, arrowroot and canna) and the percentage of starch (3%, 4% and 5%) (b/v) with three replications time. The quality analisys of edible coating includes the physical properties (thickness (mm), tensile strength (N) and elongation (mm)) and chemical properties (moisture content (%), solubility (%), the water vapor transmissin rate (g/hour) and peroxide (mek/kg). The research showed that the edible coating with sorbitol plasticizer of arrowroot starch 4% provide best physicochemical properties (thickness 0,09mm; 1,63N tensile strength; elongation 84,38mm; water content of 11.19%; solubility of 31.40%; the transfer of water vapor 0,16g / h and 3,20mek/ kg).

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Munashifah, Zurorotul, Heru Subaris Kasjono, and Bambang Suwerda. "Pemanfaatan Kertas Bekas, Serabut Kelapa (Socos nucifera) dan Kulit Singkong (Manihot utilissima) Untuk Pembuatan Kertas Daur Ulang." Jurnal Teknologi Kesehatan (Journal of Health Technology) 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/jtk.v14i2.372.

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Kalipoh Village, Ayah Discrit Kebumen, Regency is a waste-producing area such as waste paper, coconut fibre and cassava peels that have not been well managed. The impact of this waste can cause environmental health problems. These three types of waste have cellulose content that can be utilized to make recycled paper. This study aims to determine water absorption, tensile strength, and community acceptance with pre-experimental research design posttest only design analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the best water absorption strength and paper tensile strength were a variation of 1: 1: 2 with a yield of 76 mm and 2,683 N / mm. Whereas based on the result of physical test and public acceptance that recycle paper of variation I have a slightly coarse texture, the fibre is slightly visible and the pale; variation II has a coarse texture, visible fibre and pale colour, while variation III has a rather coarse texture, rather visible fibre and vibrant colour. The community also deeply appreciates the innovation of recycled paper making.

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Sam, S. M., G. J. Esenowo, and I. R. Udosen. "Biochemical Characterization of Cassava Processing Waste Water and its Effect on the Growth of Maize Seedlings." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 25, no. 2 (July 16, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v25i2.3.

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Daniel, Schwantes, Celso Gon ccedil alves Jr Affonso, Casarin Juliana, Pinheiro Ad iacute lson, Gohr Pinheiro Ivone, and Ferreira Coelho Gustavo. "Removal of Cr (III) from contaminated water using industrial waste of the cassava as natural adsorbents." African Journal of Agricultural Research 10, no. 46 (November 12, 2015): 4241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2015.9835.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cassava waste water'

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