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Johnson, Michael G. "Liquid Jet Impingement Experiments on Micro Rib and Cavity Patterned Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Both Cassie and Wenzel States." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3758.
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Experiments were performed to characterize hydraulic jumps that form due to liquid jet impingement on superhydrophobic surfaces with alternating micro-ribs and cavities. If the surface is unimmersed, a surface tension based transition into droplets occurs, so a known depth of water was imposed downstream from the hydraulic jump to ensure the existence of a hydraulic jump. The surfaces are characterized by the cavity fraction, which is defined as the width of a cavity divided by the combined width of a cavity and an adjoining rib. Four different surface designs were studied, with respective cavity fractions of 0 (smooth surface), 0.5, 0.8, and 0.93. Each surface was tested in its naturally hydrophilic state where water was allowed to flood the cavities, as well as with a hydrophobic coating which prevented water from entering the cavities and created a liquid-gas interface over much of the surface. The experimental data spans a Weber number range (based on the jet velocity and radius) of 3x102 to 1.05x103 and a corresponding Reynolds number range of 1.15x104 to 2.14x104. While smooth surfaces always result in circular transitions, for any rib and cavity patterned surface the flow exhibits a nearly elliptical transition from the thin film, where the major axis of the ellipse is parallel to the ribs, concomitant with greater slip in that direction. When the downstream depth is small and a superhydrophobic surface is used, the water is completely expelled from the surface, and the thin film breaks up into droplets due to surface tension interactions. When the downstream depth is large or the surface is hydrophilic a hydraulic jump exists. When the water depth downstream of the jump increases, the major and minor axis of the jump decreases due to an increase in hydrostatic force, following classical hydraulic jump behavior. The experimental results indicate that for a given cavity fraction and downstream depth, the radius of the jump increases with increasing Reynolds number. The jump radius perpendicular to the ribs is notably less than that for a smooth surface, and this radius decreases with increasing cavity fraction. When comparing flow over superhydrophobic (coated) surfaces to patterned, hydrophilic (uncoated) surfaces, a general increase is seen in the radial location of the hydraulic jump in the direction of the ribs, while no statistically significant change is seen in the direction perpendicular to the ribs.
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Seyed, Yazdi Jamileh. "WETTING TRANSITIONS AT NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/298.
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Shape of a droplet atop a surface heterogeneity at a nanoscale. Small aqueous droplets on homogeneous surfaces, surrounded by a reservoir of vapor are inherently unstable. In contact with supersaturated vapor, the drops will keep growing until they coalesce and form a contiguous aqueous phase. Alternatively, if vapor pressure is below that of the droplets, the droplets gradually evaporate. Departing from this common picture, when nanoscale droplets sit above hydrophilic patches on a heterogeneous surface, at certain conditions they can maintain a stable volume, determined by the pertinent contact angle and the size of the patches. Only the region under the droplet perimeter controls the contact angle, which in turn determines the drops curvature for given volume and the vapor pressure of the liquid in the drop. The drop size may therefore stop changing when its base just covers the hydrophilic patch. The finite range of water-substrate interactions, however, blurs the patch boundaries hence the nanodrop geometry varies with the patch size in a gradual manner. We use molecular simulations to examine this dependence on graphene-like surfaces with topological heterogeneity as complementing studies of chemical heterogeneity (John Ritchie, Master Thesis, VCU, 2010). We measure the microscopic analogue of the contact angle of aqueous nanodrops above circular hydrophilic or hydrophobic patches of varied size. For both the chemically and topographically heterogeneous surfaces, the results confirm the contact angle of a nanodroplet can be predicted by the local Cassie-Baxter mixing relation applied to the area within the interaction range from the drop’s perimeter, which, in turn, enables predictions of condensation and saturated vapor pressure above nanopatterned hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces. Switchable nanowetting dynamics. Understanding the dynamic response of contact angle on switchable hydrophobic-hydrophilic surfaces is key to the design of nanofluidic and optical devices. We use molecular dynamics simulation for water droplets with different number of molecules on a molecularly smooth and corrugated substrate. We monitored the relaxation of the droplet geometry in response to a change in surface hydrophobicity. From the time correlation function for the height of the drop’s center of mass we estimate the rates of relaxation for wetting/dewetting processes following the change between hydrophobic and hydrophilic character of the surface. On molecularly smooth surfaces, we find similar forward/backward rates revealing insignificant hysteresis. Calculations on corrugated surfaces, however, reveal quite different relaxation times for forward (Cassie state to Wenzel state) and reverse processes. The observed hysteresis is associated with different friction forces between the droplet and the surface during advancing and receding processes. We calculate the friction coefficient of the corrugated surface for the forward process following the increase in surface hydrophilicity. We compare continuum hydrodynamic (HD) and molecular kinetic theories (MKT) for calculation of the friction coefficient. Although the small size of our system suggests the use of molecular description of the surface, incorporated in MKT, we obtain essentially equal friction coefficients from both theories. This information indicates an overlap between continuum hydrodynamics and molecular dynamics regimes, with both the HD and MKT theories being applicable at the nanoscopic lengthscales we consider. Water dynamics inside nanospheres. Chemical nature of a spherical confinement has significant effect on dynamics of water molecules outside the cage. In a separate study we examined the effect of chemical nature of the cage on the dynamics of water molecules inside the cage. Calculations have been made for variety of time correlation functions of water in four different sizes of spherical hydrophobic/hydrophilic confinements, Cx x=320, 500, 720, 1500 based “hollow buckyballs”, with different spherical pore diameters. Calculated water hydrogen bond lifetimes, diffusion coefficients and rotational relaxation times in these systems reveal a distinctly different water dynamics compared to interfacial water dynamics outside the cage: interestingly we find insignificant changes in time scales for water dynamics in hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon cages. Even adding partial charges to hydrophilic confinement did not make a big effect on results compared to hydrophobic case. These findings are suggesting that in highly symmetric confinement water molecules do not care about the type of interaction with the wall because of cancellation of forces in different directions.
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Werner, Oskar. "Computer Modelling of the Influence of Surface Topography on Water Repellency and a Study on Hydrophobic Paper Surfaces with Partly Controlled Roughness." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2614.
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A computer model based on minimization of the free energy, capable to predict contact angles and spreading transitions between Wenzel and Cassie mode for drops placed on surfaces with different topography were implemented in matlab. Simulations were compared with experiments documented in the literature. These showed that reported transitions between Cassie and Wenzel mode can be explained by minimization of the free energy. In this report, a study on the possibility of constructing water repellent paper surfaces with a combination of treatment with octadecyltrichlorosilane and topography changes, is included.
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Balster, Lori Maria Tarkany. "Cassie Dates Melvin: Or, How Two People Struggle to Save Their Town Despite a Few Small Obstacles Such as Killer Philodendrons (an Excerpt from Book Two in a Series)." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1280259112.
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Annavarapu, Rama Kishore. "Elastocapillary Behavior and Wettability Control in Nanoporous Microstructures." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1544705326035201.
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Qi, Lin. "Bioinspired Smart Surfaces with Switchable Wetting Properties for Droplet Manipulation and Controlled Drug Release." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555584165880048.
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Parente, Aragão Ticiana. "CASSIA VIRGÍNICA® (Cassia occidentalis L.): abordagem farmacológica e toxicológica." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3235.
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Previous issue date: 2008Cassia occidentalis L., conhecida popularmente como Fedegoso, é amplamente utilizada como medicamento natural em regiões de florestas e outras áreas tropicais ao redor do mundo, para o tratamento de cólicas intestinais e uterinas, estados febris, processos inflamatórios e como diurético, laxante, expectorante e abortivo. O fitoterápico CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®, comercializado pelo Laboratório Pernambucano (LAPERLI), preparado a partir de caules e folhas de Cassia occidentalis, tem sido indicado para o tratamento de gripes, febres, úlceras varicosas e erisipelas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de efeitos antiinflamatório, analgésico, antipirético e antiulcerogênico, bem como o potencial toxicológico reprodutivo do fitoterápico CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®. Foram usados ratos Wistar e camundongos, de ambos os sexos, adultos, tratados oralmente com o extrato seco de CASSIA VIRGÍNICA® em diferentes doses, 50, 100, 200, 250, 400 e 500mg/kg, na dependência do ensaio realizado. O estudo farmacológico foi realizado utilizando o modelo de edema de pata induzido por injeção subplantar de carragenina, dextrana e histamina, para avaliar a atividade antiinflamatória aguda; o modelo de analgesia utilizando o ácido acético para indução de contorções abdominais; o modelo de febre induzida por levedura de cerveja e o modelo de úlcera induzida pela administração de etanol. Para avaliar a toxicidade reprodutiva, ratas Wistar prenhes foram tratadas oralmente, durante os períodos de pré-implantação (1º ao 6º dia de gestação) e organogênese (7º ao 14º dia de gestação), nas doses de 250mg/kg e 500mg/kg. No 20º dia de gestação, as ratas foram sacrificadas, laparotomizadas e avaliadas quanto a parâmetros reprodutivos (número de fetos vivos e mortos, relação feto/mãe, massa dos fetos, das placentas e dos ovários, número de corpos lúteos, relação corpo lúteo/mãe, número de sítios de implantação, índice de implantação, número de sítios de reabsorção, perda pré e pósimplantação). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o extrato seco de CASSIA VIRGÍNICA® produziu uma redução máxima aproximada de 55% e 41% no edema de pata induzido pela carragenina e dextrana, respectivamente, porém não, no edema induzido pela histamina. Houve diminuição significativa das contorções abdominais nos animais tratados com o fitoterápico de 71, 60 e 62%, respectivamente nas doses de 100, 200 e 400mg/kg. Com relação à atividade antipirética, o fitoterápico na dose de 400mg/kg produziu redução significativa da temperatura, maior do que 1°C (36,58±0,19 para 35,32±0,48), a partir da primeira hora de administração, de maneira semelhante à produzida pela dipirona (35,23±0,23). O extrato protegeu a mucosa gástrica contra lesões induzidas por etanol nas doses de 100 e 200mg/kg com percentual de área ulcerada igual a 8,52±1,34% e 11,62±1,24% correspondendo a uma redução em relação ao controle (19,73±2,41), de 56 e 41% da área ulcerada. Os resultados mostraram que não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significantes quanto aos parâmetros reprodutivos avaliados. Porém, foi constatada a presença de feto morto, tanto na dose de 250 quanto de 500mg/kg do extrato seco de CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®. Os resultados indicam que o fitoterápico possui atividades antiedematogênica, analgésica e antipirética, porém, mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer os mecanismos envolvidos nestas atividades. A vantagem do fitoterápico em relação aos antiinflamatórios atuais é que esta não apresenta propriedade irritante de mucosa gástrica, pelo contrário, possui um efeito gastroprotetor. A constatação de feto morto sugere que os estudos devem ser ampliados para melhor caracterizar os efeitos tóxicos do fitoterápico e seu uso não deve ser recomendado durante o período de gestação
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Koch, Juliane. "Untersuchungen zur Hydrolyse von beta-Casein in Modellsystemen und in ausgewählten Käsesorten." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1104851833062-82870.
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Die Käsereifung ist ein biochemischer Prozess, der sich durch physikalische, mikrobiologische und enzymatische Ursachen und Abläufe vollzieht. Dabei ist die Proteolyse entscheidend für Veränderungen hinsichtlich Textur und Sensorik im Endprodukt Käse. Da die Käsematrix zu komplex ist und verschiedene Einflüsse sich störend bei der Analyse von Proteinen auswirken, sollte ein Käsemodell entwickelt werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher ein geeignetes Modell zu entwickeln, welches die Käsereifung simulieren sollte. Zum Vergleich sollte ein Modell herangezogen werden, welches der Milch nachempfunden war. Als Protein sollte das b-Casein, welches bis zu 30 % an der Caseinfraktion beteiligt ist, durch Chymosin und ein mikrobielles Milchgerinnungsenzym (Suparen) hydrolysiert werden. Anschließend sollten kommerziell erhältliche Käse untersucht werden, um eventuelle Parallelen zum Modell Käse ziehen zu können.
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Gonçalves, Barbosa da Silva Mirtes. "Avaliação toxicológica pré-clínica do extrato seco de Cassia occidentalis L. (CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3269.
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Previous issue date: 2009Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Cassia occidentalis L. (Leguminosae) popularmente conhecida como fedegoso é geralmente encontrada em regiões de florestas e em outras áreas tropicais ao redor do mundo. Na medicina tradicional, raízes, folhas e caules são usados como laxante, antiinflamatório, analgésico, antipirético, diurético, hepatoprotetor, vermicida e abortivo. Baseado principalmente no largo uso popular, a Cassia occidentalis é comercializada por alguns laboratórios farmacêuticos entre eles o Laboratório Pernambucano Ltda. (LAPERLI) com o nome comercial de CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®. O fitoterápico CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®, preparado a partir de caules e folhas de Cassia occidentalis (CO), tem sido indicado para o tratamento de gripes, febres, úlceras varicosas e erisipelas. Apesar do amplo uso desta espécie, poucos são os trabalhos disponíveis na literatura sobre seu potencial toxicológico. A maioria dos estudos toxicológicos utilizando Cassia occidentalis, refere-se à toxicidade de suas sementes. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a segurança da administração oral do extrato seco de caules e folhas de Cassia occidentalis (CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®) em ratos Wistar de ambos os sexos. Para isto, foram realizados testes de toxicidade aguda nas doses de 0.625 a 5.0 g/kg, de toxicidade subcrônica e de toxicidade reprodutiva nas doses de 0.10, 0.50 e 2.5 g/kg/dia. Os resultados demonstraram que, nos estudos de toxicidade aguda, CO não produziu morte ou sinais de toxicidade em doses de até 5.0 g/kg. A administração por 30 dias de CO não alterou os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos dos animais tratados, que se mantiveram dentro dos valores de referência para espécie. Entretanto, foi constatada uma discreta diarréia durante o período de tratamento. Não foram observadas alterações significativas na massa corporal nem no consumo de água e ração. Também não foram registradas alterações significativas nas massas, absoluta e relativa, e nem na morfologia macroscópica externa ou microscópica dos principais órgãos. Nos estudos que avaliaram a capacidade reprodutiva em machos, o tratamento durante 60 dias com CO não produziu efeitos tóxicos sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos ou sobre os conceptos. Além disso, não houve alteração significativa nas massas dos órgãos reprodutivos (epidídimo, vesícula seminal, ducto deferente, testículos, próstata) nem no número de espermatozóides. Desta forma, conclui-se que extrato seco de caules e folhas de Cassia occidentalis (CASSIA VIRGÍNICA®) é seguro por via oral, uma vez que apresentou baixa toxicidade aguda e subcrônica e não interferiu na capacidade reprodutiva dos ratos Wistar
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Danton, Ombeline. "Extraction de substances naturelles antalgiques à partir de plantes utilisées dans la pharmacopée traditionnelle au Mali." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC001/document.
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Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit porte sur l’isolation de métabolites secondaires de plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Mali. Après avoir réalisé une enquête ethnopharmacologique, mis en parallèle avec la littérature, trois plantes ont été sélectionnées pour être étudiées : Cassia sieberiana DC., Vitex madiensis Oliv. et Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Meeuwen. L’activité analgésique des extraits aqueux et méthanoliques de ces plantes ont été évaluées. Les résultats nous ont mené à conduire un fractionnement bio-guidé des extraits méthanoliques de Cassia sieberiana DC. et de Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Meeuwen. Huit composés ont été isolés à partir de fractions de l’extrait méthanolique de Cassia sieberiana DC., parmi lesquels quatre nouvelles molécules et trois nouveaux stéréoisomères ont été identifiés. Onze composés ont été isolés à partir de fractions de l’extrait méthanolique de Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Meeuwen. Ce travail de recherche a permis d’approfondir nos connaissances sur la composition chimique de Cassia sieberiana DC. et de Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Meeuwen et leur potentielle activité antalgiqueThe present work deals with the isolation of analgesic secondary metabolites from plants used in traditional medicine in Mali. After conducting an ethnopharmacological study and comparing it with the literature, three plants were selected to be studied: Cassia sieberiana DC., Vitex madiensis Oliv. And Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Meeuwen. The analgesic activity of their aqueous and methanolic extracts were screened. Results lead us to realise a bioguided partitionning on the methanolic extracts of Cassia sieberiana DC. and Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Meeuwen. Eight coumpounds were isolated from analgesic fractions of methanolic extract of Cassia sieberiana DC., among which four new compounds and three new stereoisomers were identified. Eleven coumpounds were isolated from analgesic fractions of methanolic extract of Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Meeuwen. This research work allowed us to deepen our knowledge about the chemical composition of Cassia sieberiana DC. and Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Meeuwen and their potential analgesic activity
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Ruchikachorn, Nutthaporn. "Endophytic fungi of Cassia fistula L." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2005. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5773/.
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Endophytic fungi from Cassia fistula or golden shower, a well known medicinal plant in Thailand and Asia, were isolated from trees growing in three geographical separate sites. These locations were Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Ratchasima and Bangkok and were selected to allow comparisons between their endophytic assemblages and to evaluate these data in relation to differences in plant diversity and density and local environment. Kanchanaburi which was the site closest to a natural forest situation provided the highest number of isolates with Bangkok, where the trees were isolated individuals, having the least. Members of the Xylariaceae proved to be common and frequent isolates especially species of Xylaria and Daldinia but Nemania and Hypoxylon were also obtained. Phomopsis was also well represented and clearly was dominant at the Kanchanaburi site. Species of Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Penicillium, Nigrospora, Coprinus and Psathyrella were also identified but were occasional isolates. Differences in endophytic assemblages between samples obtained early in the rainy season (July, 2001) with those sampled towards the end of the rainy season (December, 2001) were found to occur in the Nakhon Ratchasima samples with over twice as many isolates obtained from the December samples. This is likely to be a reflection on the longer exposure period to the potential inoculum of these leaves. A total of 956 endophytic isolates were obtained from the three sites with samples from Kanchanaburi (December 2000) and Bangkok and Nakhon Ratchasima in July 2001 with a further samples from Nakhon Ratchasima in December, 2001. Isolations were also made from different anatomical regions of the leaf, leaf lamina, midrib and veins. There were no appreciable differences in either the number of isolates obtained or an association between leaf area and specific fungal species. Identification of many xylariaceous endophytic isolates is well known to be problematic since Xylaria species rarely produce their anamorphic form in culture and virtually no members of the Xylariaceae develop their teleomorph in culture. Therefore molecular techniques were used to compare DNA sequences of the ITS region from a selection of endophyes with sequences obtained from teleomorphic material, or cultures derived from teleomorphs of identified and authenticated Xylariaceae. Comparisons were also made with data held in GenBank. This enabled the identity of a number of taxa to be made although more sequences from Xylaria species are required for future investigations. A number of non-xylariaceous taxa were also named as a result of DNA sequence comparisons. Secondary metabolites from the xylariaceae were also investigated and their metabolite profiles used to support identifications. The metabolite profiles proved to be a useful tool to confirm doubtful endophytic isolates when their DNA sequences could not place them with certainty in a right group. Together with extracts from other endophytic species, their inhibitory effects on bacteria and fungi were tested. Cassia endophytes were found to show low antimicrobial activity. However, they may later be shown to have other activities when when tested e. g. anti-malarial, anti-cancer and anti-HIV.
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Gingras, Denis. "René Cassin et les droits de l'homme." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25238.pdf.
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Bianchini, Massoni Lorenzo <1981>. "Il linguaggio di Cassio Dione: eventi, istituzioni, discorsi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1619/.
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Jeller, Helma. "Pré-condicionamento em sementes de Cassia excelsa Schrad." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1893.
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Previous issue date: 2002-06-05Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Cassia excelsa is a woody species commun in cerrado and srubland of brazilian northeast, known by cassia-do-nordeste . It could be used in landscape place and due to small size is used in street arborization, and could be recommended to recomposition of degradated areas. The aim of this work was to extend the knowlege about the ecophysiological behaviour, with the the study of priming in seed germination. For this purpuse, it was evaluated the effects of water and PEG solutions (-0,2; -0,4 and -0,6 MPa) in uptake process at 20ºC. The effects of the drying and storage after priming; the answer under water, thermic and salt stress after priming was also verified. Besides it, the priming effects in seed viability and vigor under optimal conditions (27ºC) were observed by eletrical conductivity, accelerated aging and submersion tests. In all the tests was used 4 replicates of 25 seeds, with daily evaluation, and considered germinated when radicle was > 2 mm long. According to the results of uptake curve of Cassia excelsa seeds was observed that with the decreased in the osmotic potential increase the time necessary to priming. At optimal temperature (27ºC) the answer of primed seeds was efficient if water or PEG solution at -0,2 MPa was used, and this answer is maintened after 15 days of storage at 5ºC, but the drying of the seeds overcome the positive effects of the pré-treatment. The priming in water or in PEG solutions increased germination percentage under water, salt and thermal stress, however, with restriction to germination rate. The electrical conductivity of the primed seeds in water or in PEG was reduced, constrated to the non-primed seeds, and increased in the dried seeds after the priming. The priming in water or PEG was efficiente to overcome the deteriorative process occurring in aging, in dehidrated and in moist seeds, after priming. The seed vigor of primed seeds was no affected by submersion in distilled water during diferents time periods.
Cassia excelsa Schrad. é uma espécie de porte arbóreo encontrada no cerrado e nas caatingas do nordeste brasileiro, conhecida também como cassia-do-nordeste. Pode ser empregada em paisagismo em geral e devido ao seu pequeno porte é utilizada na arborização urbana, podendo ser indicada para plantios associados a outras espécies destinados a recomposição de áreas degradadas (Figura 1). Considerando que o período compreendido entre a semeadura e o estabelecimento da planta é uma fase crucial no ciclo reprodutivo da planta e que o pré-condicionamento pode melhorar o desempenho germinativo das sementes, este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento do comportamento ecofisiológico desta espécie, a partir de estudos dos efeitos do pré-ondicionamento na germinação das sementes de Cassia excelsa. Para tanto, avaliou-se o efeito da água e soluções de PEG 6000 (a -0,2; -0,4 e -0,6 MPa) na curva de embebição a 20ºC; verificou-se o efeito da secagem e armazenamento após o condicionamento; avaliou-se a resposta sob condições de estresse hídrico, térmico e salino após o condicionamento; e por último, investigou-se o efeito do condicionamento osmótico na viabilidade e vigor das sementes, sob condições ótimas (27ºC) a partir do teste de condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento precoce e teste de exaustão. Utilizou-se em cada experimento 4 repetições de 25 sementes escarificadas, com avaliação diária, considerando-se sementes germinadas aquelas que apresentavam radícula > 2 mm. A partir curva de embebição das sementes de Cassia excelsa verificou-se que com a redução do potencial osmótico da solução aumenta o tempo necessário para o condicionamento osmótico. Em condição ótima de temperatura (27ºC) as sementes respondem positivamente ao condicionamento, se forem utilizadas água destilada ou soluções de PEG a -0,2 MPa, sendo mantida esta resposta durante o armazenamento por 15 dias a 5ºC, contudo, a secagem das sementes reverte os efeitos positivos obtidos pelo tratamento. Sob condições de déficit hídrico, sob temperaturas sub ou supra ótima e salinidade elevada houve um aumento na germinabilidade das sementes pré-condicionadas, tanto com água como em PEG, porém com restrição à velocidade de germinação. A partir do teste de condutividade verifica-se que as sementes condicionadas em água ou em PEG apresentaram redução na lixiviação de eletrólitos, comparado às sementes não condicionadas (controle), e as sementes que foram secas após o condicionamento apresentam maior lixiviação do que as úmidas. O précondicionamento com PEG ou água destilada foi eficiente em reverter o processo de deterioração que ocorre durante o envelhecimento precoce, tanto para as sementes que foram secas ou mantidas úmidas, após o condicionamento. O vigor das sementes não foi afetado pela submersão das sementes por 24, 48 e 72 horas após o pré-condicionamento em água ou em PEG.
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Ajaiyeoba, E. O., J. S. Ashidi, Larry Commander Okpako, P. J. Houghton, and Colin W. Wright. "Antiplasmodial compounds from Cassia siamea stem bark extract." Wiley, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4529.
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noCassia siamea L. (Fabaceae) was identified from the southwest Nigerian ethnobotany as a remedy for febrile illness. This led to the bioassay-guided fractionation of stem bark of the plant extract, using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay and multi-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (K1) for assessing the in vitro antimalarial activity. Emodin and lupeol were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by a combination of chromatographic techniques. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopy, co-spotting with authentic samples and comparison with literature data. Both compounds were found to be the active principles responsible for the antiplasmodial property with IC50 values of 5 µg/mL, respectively.
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Duarte, Marciel Lelis. "Tubetes e substratos na produção de mudas de cássia-rosa (Cassia grandis L.f) e canafístula (Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrader ex DC)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8367.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Diante da exploração, muitas vezes desordenada, dos recursos naturais, culminando na degradação das áreas e perda da biodiversidade, a recuperação ambiental por meio do plantio de espécies nativas é importante para reestabelecer o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas e para preservar as espécies. Mudas de qualidade são fundamentais para garantir o sucesso dos plantios florestais, pois possibilitam o maior crescimento e sobrevivência pós-plantio no campo. Para a produção de mudas de boa qualidade, entre vários fatores, a escolha adequada do recipiente e do substrato no qual as espécies serão cultivadas é de vital importância. Entretanto, para muitas espécies arbóreas nativas esse conhecimento ainda é escasso. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento de mudas de cássia- rosa (Cassia grandis L.f) e canafístula (Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrader ex DC.), produzidas em tubetes de diferentes capacidades e substratos. Foi utilizado um fatorial 4 x 5, constituído de quatro substratos e cinco tubetes (35; 50; 120; 180 e 288 cm3 de capacidade) disposto em delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados, com três repetições e 25 plantas por parcela. Os substratos testados foram: 100% substrato comercial (tropstrato florestal); 50% substrato comercial + 50% de casca de arroz carbonizada; 50% substrato comercial + 50% fibra da casca de coco; e 25% substrato comercial + 25% casca de arroz carbonizada + 25% fibra da casca de coco + 25% terra de subsolo). Ao fim do experimento foram determinadas a altura, o diâmetro, a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA), a massa de matéria seca de raízes (MSR) e a massa de matéria seca total (MST), além das relações altura/diâmetro (RHDC), massa de matéria seca da parte aérea/massa de matéria seca de raízes (RMSPAMSR), altura/massa de matéria seca da parte aérea (RHMSPA) e índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). A capacidade dos tubetes e os substratos tiveram influência significativa no crescimento das mudas. O melhor crescimento das mudas de cássia-rosa ocorreu nos tubetes de 288 e 180 cm3 de capacidade, usando substrato composto por 50% de fibra da casca de coco + 50% substrato comercial. Já para as mudas de canafístula o melhor crescimento ocorreu nos tubetes de 288, 180 e 120 cm3 de capacidade, usando substrato composto por 50% de fibra da casca de coco + 50% substrato comercial e o substrato composto por 25% substrato comercial + 25% casca de arroz carbonizada + 25% fibra da casca de coco + 25% terra de subsolo.
Given to the exploration of natural resources, many times disordered, culminating in degradation of areas and loss of biodiversity, the environmental recovery through native species is important to reestablish the equilibrium of ecosystems and to preserve the species. Seedlings quality are fundamental to ensure the success of forest plantations, since they allow a better growth and survival once planted. For the production of quality seedlings it is necessary to know the proper choice of the container and the substrate in which species are cultivated. However, for many native woody species this knowledge is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of size of tubes and types of substrates on the quality of seedlings of Cassia grandis L.f e Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrader ex DC, produced in tubes of different size and types of substrates. A factorial 4 x 5 consisting of four types of substrate and five volumes of tubes (35, 50, 120, 180 and 288 cm3 capacity) arranged in a randomized block design, with three replicates and 25 plants per repetition was used. Substrates tested were: 100% commercial substrate (forest tropstrato); 50% commercial substrate + 50% carbonized rice husk; 50% commercial substrate + 50% coconut fiber; and 25% commercial substrate + 25% carbonized rice hulls + 25% coconut fiber + 25% subsoil). An the end of the experiment data regarding to height, collar diameter, aerial part dry weight and root, and the ration between height and collar diameter (RHDC), height aerial part and dry weight (RHMSPA), aerial part dry weight root and dry weight (RMSPAMSR) and Dickson quality index (IQD) were collected. The best development of seedlings of cássia-rosa occurred in tubes of 288 and 180 cm3 capacity, using substrate composed of 50% coconut fiber + 50% commercial substrate. Regarding to seedlings of canafístula, the best development occurred in tubes of 288, 180 and 120 cm3 capacity, using substrate composed of 50% commercial substrate + 50% coconut fiber and the substrate composed of 25% commercial substrate + 25% carbonized rice hull + 25% coconut fiber + 25% subsoil.
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Manthe, Ulrich [Verfasser]. "Die libri ex Cassio des Iavolenus Priscus. / Ulrich Manthe." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237967589/34.
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Alessandro, Fernando. "Purificação e caracterização estrutural de um inibidor de serinoprotease isolado de sementes de Cassia leptophylla." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-09092008-113823/.
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Inibidores de proteases - moléculas capazes de inibir a atividade catalítica de enzimas proteolíticas - compreendem uma das mais abundantes classes de proteínas em plantas. Nas sementes, as funções destas moléculas estão relacionadas com o controle de proteínas endógenas e com mecanismo de defesa contra insetos fitófagos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo isolar, purificar, caracterizar estruturalmente e testar algumas aplicações biotecnológicas de um inibidor de serinoprotease das sementes de Cassia leptophylla. Após extração salina, a partir de cotilédones de sementes secas, o inibidor foi purificado por meio de cromatografia de filtração molecular sobre coluna Superdex75 e cromatografia de troca iônica em uma coluna Mono-Q. A proteína purificada apresentou PI de aproximadamente 4,5 e massa molecular estimado por eletroforese (SDS-PAGE) de 20kDa, sendo constituída por duas cadeias polipeptídicas de l6kDa e 4kDa. A seqüência N-terminal da cadeia de 4kDA (ATEDEKKDLGISIDDCCNRRLVVK) revelou similaridade com outros inibidores de serinoproteases tipo Kunitz isolados de Adenanthera pavonina, Prosopsis juliflora e Acacia confusa; o inibidor em estudo foi denominado CLTI (Cassia 1eptophyZZa trypsin inhibitor). A investigação da seqüência N-terminal da cadeia de 16 kDa, por meio da degradação de Edman automatizada, não deu sinal positivo, indicando provável bloqueio do primeiro resíduo de aminoácido. O espectro de dicroísmo circular (CD) do inibidor revelou que os componentes de estrutura secundária são constituídos predominantemente de folhas-β, voltas e estruturas não ordenadas. O espectro de emissão de fluorescência deste inibidor apresentou máximo de emissão em 226 nm, típico de proteínas com os resíduos de triptofano protegidos do solvente. CLTI quando submetido a pHs extremos (ácidos e básicos) revelou alterações de estrutura secundária e foi estável até cerca de 55°C (temperatura de transição 59°C), ambos investigados por CD e emissão de fluorescência. Ensaios de atividade biológica in vitro revelaram que CLTI inibiu a coagulação de plasma humano citratado, a ação das enzimas tripsina (KI 1,92μM), quimotripsina (KI 14,5μM), e calicreína plasmática humana (KI 1,5μM), mas não apresentou inibição sobre elastase porcina. CLTI formou um complexo estável com a tripsina demonstrado pela eluição do mesmo em coluna de filtração molecular. Este inibidor também mostrou atividade fungicida sobre as cepas de Fusarium monifome e Fusarium gramineanim e atividade fungistática sobre as cepas de Colletotrichum sp. F37 e Colletotrichum sp. P10.Proteinase inhibitors are molecules able to inhibit the catalytic activity of proteolytic enzymes. They are the most abundant class of plant proteins. The function of these molecules in seeds is related to the control of endogenous proteins and defense mechanisms against phytopathogens. The objectives of this work are the isolation and structural characterization of a serine proteinase inhibitor from seeds of Cassza leptophylla. Besides, some biotechnological properties of this inhibitor were tested. After saline extraction from dry seed cotyledons, the inhibitor was purified by gel filtration chromatography on a Superdex75 column and ion exchange chromatography on a Mono-Q column. The purified protein presents a pI of approximately pH 4,5 and 20 kDa molecular mass estimated by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This protein is constituted by two polypeptide chains, one of l6kDa and other of 4kDa. The N-terminal sequence of 4kDa peptide (ATEDEKKDLGISIDDCCNRRLVVK) reveals homology with other Kunitz type serine proteases inhibitors isolated from Adenanthera pavonina, Prosopsis juliflora and Acacia confisa. The studied inhibitor was named CLTI (Cassza leptophylla trypsin inhibitor). N-terminal sequencing of the l6kDa chain, using Edman degradation, did not show positive signal probably indicating blocked amino acid residues. The circular dichroism spectrum (CD) of this inhibitor reveals that the components of the secondary structure are constituted predominantly by sheets-β and unordered structures. The fluorescence emission spectrum of this inhibitor presents the maximum emission at 226nm typical of proteins with tryptophan residues solvent inaccessible. CLTI secondary structure was revealed to change at extremely acid and alkaline pHs. It remained stable at temperatures up to 55 °C (transition temperature of this protein is 59°C). All these data were investigated by CD and fluorescence emission. Tests of biological activity in vitro revealed that CLTI inhibits blood clotting of citrated human plasm. Tests also showed inhibitory activity against trypsin (Ki 1,92μM), chymotrypsin (Ki 14,5μM) and human plasm kallikrein (Ki 1,5μM), but did not present inhibition against porcine pancreatic elastase. CLTI showed to form a stable complex with trypsin when eluted in gel filtration chromatography. This inhibitor also showed fungicide activity against the strains of Fusarium moniforme and Fusarium graminearum, and fungistatic activity against Colletotrichum sp. F37 and Colletotrichum sp. P10 strains.
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ALBUQUERQUE, Priscilla Barbosa Sales de. "Avaliação reológica da galactomanana extraída das sementes de Cassia grandis." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/13326.
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CNPq
Galactomananas são caracterizadas como o maior grupo de polissacarídeos com capacidade de reserva de energia do endosperma de sementes de plantas, especialmente aquelas pertencentes à família Leguminosae, como a espécie Cassia grandis da subfamília Caesalpinioideae, amplamente encontrada na zona da mata do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. As galactomananas têm grande aplicação industrial como espessantes, emulsionantes, gelificantes, floculantes e formadores de película. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a extração, caracterização e a avaliação das propriedades reológicas da galactomanana contida nas sementes da Cassia grandis. As sementes de C. grandis foram coletadas na cidade de Angelim, agreste do Estado de Pernambuco, e o processo de extração incluiu, primeiramente, remoção das vagens, seguido pela fervura em água destilada a 100ºC para retirada de suas cascas e secagem até peso constante. Posteriormente, as sementes sem casca foram trituradas em solução de NaCl 0,1M [5% (p/v)], filtradas através de tecido vual e tela de serigrafia (tipo 90) e precipitadas com etanol 46% (1:3 v/v). O precipitado foi filtrado em tela de serigrafia (tipo 110), lavado consecutivamente com etanol 100% e acetona pura, filtrado entre cada lavagem e finalmente seco e pulverizado. O rendimento da extração foi calculado pela porcentagem de matéria seca final obtida em relação ao peso inicial das sementes. A caracterização do polissacarídeo extraído foi realizada por espectroscopia de infravermelho transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e por difração de raios X. As propriedades reológicas foram determinadas em soluções aquosas da galactomanana nas concentrações de 0,5, 0,8, 1,0, 1,5 e 2,0% (p/v), em regime rotacional e oscilatório. A viscosidade e os módulos de armazenamento e perda de energia foram determinados e analisados em função da tensão, da frequência, da taxa de cisalhamento e da temperatura. A galactomanana foi eficientemente extraída e apresentou rendimento de 35,77% ± 7,83. Os resultados dos espectros do FTIR e da difração de raios X confirmaram que o polissacarídeo extraído das sementes de Cassia grandis é um polissacarídeo constituído principalmente de galactose e manose, ou seja, trata-se de uma galactomanana. As soluções aquosas deste polissacarídeo apresentaram comportamento pseudoplástico, devido o decaimento da viscosidade com a taxa de cisalhamento, revelando um regime newtoniano para concentrações de até 1%. Os módulos de ganho e perda de energia aumentaram continuamente em função da frequência de oscilação, indicando a ausência de ligações permanentes características de um gel em concentrações mais baixas; a 2%, porém, o polímero transforma-se em um gel fraco. Os estudos de tensão e deformação permitiram uma avaliação mais precisa desta transição e indicaram que o ponto de gelificação ocorre a 1,6% (p/v). Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos sugerem um potencial de aplicação biotecnológica para a galactomanana extraída das sementes de Cassia grandis, principalmente no que se refere à utilização de suas suspensões em revestimentos e géis úteis para indústrias farmacêuticas e alimentícias.
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Teyssier, Laure. "Étude de l'extrait de bourgeons de cassis (Ribes Nigrum l. )." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE4054.
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Étude de l'extrait de bourgeons de cassis, Ribes Nigrum L. (matière première importante de l'industrie des arômes), permettant d'identifier, dans la fraction volatile et grâce au couplage CG/SM, plus de cent composés, dont une vingtaine jamais cités dans le bourgeon. Séparation des substances terpéniques au moyen de la chromatographie liquide et détection des composants fragiles et difficilement identifiables en impact électronique par l'utilisation complémentaire de la technique récente d'ionisation chimique négative. Dans la fraction non volatile, isolement d'un acide diterpénique et détermination de sa stéréochimie grâce aux corrélations de données en résonance magnétique nucléaire du carbone 13 et en dispersion rotatoire optique : identification de l'acide 0090082105(-)hardwickiique
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Küpper, Patrick. "Stereoselektive Totalsynthese verschiedener Cassia- und Microcos-Piperidinderivate Synthese des (-)-Cassins /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979464587.
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Post, Antonie E. [Verfasser]. "Fractionation of bovine casein and enrichment of functional casein peptides / Antonie E. Post." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023435446/34.
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Post, Antonie [Verfasser]. "Fractionation of bovine casein and enrichment of functional casein peptides / Antonie E. Post." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023435446/34.
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Hrodej, Philippe. "L'amiral Du Casse : l'élévation d'un Gascon sous Louis XIV /." Paris (20 rue Descartes, 75005) : Librairie de l'Inde, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371790782.
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Oliveira, José Antonio Diniz de. "Demandas jurídicas por coberturas assistenciais: estudo de caso: CASSI." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-22102010-135054/.
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Introdução - A Lei 9.656/1998 fundamenta o marco legal do setor privado da saúde no Brasil. Igualmente importante, a Lei 9.961/2000 criou a Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) para fiscalizar e regulamentar a relação entre operadoras e beneficiários de planos. A partir de então houve um crescimento expressivo no número das ações judiciais, fenômeno denominado judicialização da saúde. Objetivo - Conhecer e analisar o montante e os motivos das ações judiciais relacionadas às coberturas assistenciais e avaliar o impacto econômico-financeiro em uma entidade de autogestão. Método Análise de banco de dados das ações judiciais do período 1998 a 2009. A base de dados constitui-se de 7.271 ações cíveis ativas e baixadas. Desse total foram selecionadas 3.569 relacionadas a coberturas assistenciais, cujos dados foram organizados em planilha eletrônica. Analisou-se ainda a população total e o impacto econômico-financeiro a partir de informações de balanço anual. Resultados Várias constatações importantes foram reveladas, como a evolução crescente do número de ações; o fato de a Bahia possuir 9,5 por cento da população assistida e responder por 33,4 por cento das ações totais; as gastroplastias aparecerem como o objeto mais importante 427 ações (12 por cento do total); o impacto econômico-financeiro atingindo em média 1 por cento da receita total, mas 32 por cento do resultado (superávit) do exercício de 2009, entre outros achados. Conclusão o marco legal foi determinante para os beneficiários recorrerem ao Judiciário por coberturas assistenciais. O fenômeno da judicialização da saúde impacta de maneira significativa a Autogestão estudada. Boa parte das decisões judiciais parece não observar critérios técnicos relacionados à homologação de novas tecnologias e aos protocolos médicos, o que vem ensejando uma atuação mais ativa do Conselho Nacional de Justiça no encaminhamento de questões relacionadas à saúdeIntroduction - Law 9.656/1998 moved the legal framework of private health sector in Brazil. Equally important, 9.961/2000 Act created the National Agency for Supplementary Health (ANS) to oversee and regulate the relationship between providers and beneficiaries of plans. Since then there has been significant growth in the number of lawsuits, a phenomenon called the legalization of health. Objective - To investigate and analyze the amount and the reasons for lawsuits related to care coverage and to evaluate the economic and financial impact on a self-insured entity. Methods - Analysis of database of lawsuits in the period 1998-2009. The database consists of 7271 civil actions, active or downloaded. Of this total were selected 3569 related to care coverage, and data were organized into a spreadsheet. It was also analyzed the total population and the economic and financial impact from the annual balance sheet information. Results - Several important findings were revealed as a growing trend in the number of shares, the fact that Bahia has 9.5 per cent of the assisted population and account for 33.4 per cent of the total shares, the gastroplasty appears to be the most important object - 427 shares (12 per cent of total), the economic and financial impact means on average 1 per cent of total revenue, but 32 per cent of the result (surplus) for the year 2009, among other findings. Conclusion - the legal framework was crucial for the beneficiaries to avail themselves of judicial assistance coverage. The phenomenon of legalization of health impacts significantly the self study. Much of judicial decisions seem not to notice technical criteria related to approval of new medical technologies and protocols, which have demanded a more active role of the National Council of Justice in addressing health-related issues
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Hroděj, Philippe. "L'amiral Du Casse : l'élévation d'un gascon sous Louis XIV." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040221.
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La carrière de ce grand marin, huguenot et roturier, s'inscrit dans le règne de louis XIV. Ecrivain sur un navire de la Compagnie des Indes Occidentales, il devient capitaine marchand et se livre à la traite négrière aux Antilles. Il est à l'origine du premier empire colonial français au Sénégal. Entré dans la marine du roi (1686), il s'illustre lors de la prise de Saint-Christophe (1689) et libère la Guadeloupe (1691). Gouverneur de Saint-Dominique, il entraîne ses flibustiers contre la Jamaïque (1694) puis contre Carthagène des Indes (1697). Il permet à la partie française de s'attacher au cycle sucrier, à l'origine de sa fortune, tout comme le commerce interlope mené avec les espagnols. En 1700, il regagne la France, négocie l'année suivante l'asiento auprès de Philippe V. Durant la guerre de succession, il assure par trois fois la défense des colonies américaines du roi catholique et ramène à Madrid l'argent indispensable pour soutenir l'effort de guerre. Il commande encore les forces navales franco-espagnoles au siège de Barcelone. Epuisé, il meurt à Bourbon l'Archambault le 25 juillet 1715. Cas unique sous l'ancien régime, à cette extraordinaire élévation : lieutenant général et commandeur de l'ordre de Saint-Louis, capitaine général des armées navales du roi d'Espagne qui lui remet la toison d'or, s'ajoute une remarquable alliance avec les Pontchartrain et les La Rochefoucauld, qui coiffe une magnifique réussite socialeThe career of this great huguenot sailor, born into the common people, is in keeping with the reign of Louis XIV. A book keeper on a ship of the west indies company, he becomes a merchant captain, getting involved in the slave trade in the Antilles. He is the founder of the first colonial French empire in Senegal. In 1686 he joins the king's navy and wins renown during the taking of St Christopher in 1689 and the liberation of Guadeloupe in 1691. As the governor of santo domingo, he leads his buccaneers against Jamaica in 1694, then against Cartagena of Indies in 1697. He allows the french side to have a hand in the sugar cycle which just like the illegal trade with the spaniards, is the origin of his fortune. He gets back to france in 1700 and negotiates the asiento with philippe v the following year. During the succession war in Spain, he defends the catholic king's american colonies three times, bringing back to Madrid the necessary amount of silver for supporting the effort of war. At the siege of Barcelona, he was still to be in command of the franco-spanish naval forces. He died, exhausted, in Bourbon l'Archambault on the 25th of july, 1715. Admiral du casse's case is unique under the old regime: besides his extraordinary elevation to the rank of lieutenant general and commander of Saint-Louis's order as well as captain general of the naval armies of the king of Spain (who awarded him the golden fleece), he gained
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Tinard, Violaine. "Modélisation et optimisation du casque de motocycliste sur critères biomécaniques : application au casque composite." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6266.
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Shammet, Khalid M. "Proteolytic Activity of Some Milk-Clotting Enzymes on K-casein and K-casein Macropeptide." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5371.
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This work reviews studies of bovine K-casein and specifically K-casein macropeptide. Properties of K-casein, its structure and heterogeneity, proteolytic activity of some milk clotting enzymes on K-casein, and K-casein sensitive bonds are discussed. Macropeptides of other species are also presented. The carbohydrate moieties of bovine macropeptide together with their biological and physiological functions are reviewed.
Macropeptides were produced by enzymic hydrolysis from whole casein solution using crystalline chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4). Trichloroacetic acid (final concentrations 2, 8 and 12%) was added after 5, 30 and 60 min of incubation to precipitate protein and inactivate the enzyme. The filtrate was then exhaustively dialyzed against distilled water to remove trichloroacetic acid and small molecules. The dialyzate was lyophilized and stored at -20deg;c until required for analysis. These macropeptides were then compared using RP-HPLC with macropeptides obtained from purified K-casein isolates by the same method (15 min incubation).
Proteolytic activity of some milk-clotting enzymes (chymosin, Mucor miehei rennet and Endothia parasitica rennet) and some proteinases (trypsin and chymotrypsin) on K-casein and macropeptide isolated from K-casein was followed by RP-HPLC. The milk-clotting enzymes were standardized to the same clotting activity using a Formagraph.
Each enzyme was incubated with .5 mix-casein and macropeptide solutions (10 mg in 1 ml .05 MpH 6.6 phosphate buffer) at 37°C for various incubation times. Reactions were stopped by addition .5 ml of 8 Murea containing 10-5 Mpepstatin or .025 ml pepstatin (1 mg pepstatin in 1 ml methanol). These reaction mixtures were separated into fractions using RP-HPLC and chromatograms of the different enzymes compared.
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Agnew, E. C. "The effects of casein on healing and plaque formation." Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1232629X.
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GALDINO, Daniel. "Efeito do extrato hidroalcóolico de Cassia angustifolia na gestação de camundongos." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2012. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/415.
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A Cassia Angustifolia (Sene) é considerada um planta medicinal indicada principalmente para fins purgativos e constipação intestinal, no entanto, destaca-se também pelo seu uso como abortiva e emenogoga. Plantas medicinais tardicionalmente usadas para induzir o aborto são usadas em altas doses, podendo causar efeitos tóxicos e prejudiciais ao feto e ao corpo da mulher. O principal constituinte químico da CAssia angustifolia é a antraquinonas, onde o metabólico secundário chamado de diantrona (Senosídeos A a F) e também outros compostos como glicosideos, naftalênicos e flavonoides. Estudos recentes destacam que esses compostos antraquinônicos aumentam o influxo de sangue para o útero e seus anexos, provocam intoxicação placentária, aumentando assim o risco de perda fetalocasionando principalmente por disfunção do fosforilação oxidativa mitocondrial. Na interface - materno fetal existem células trofoblásticas gigantes (CTGs) que são de grande relevância que são de grande relevância para a manutenção do equilíbrio existente entre o feto e a gestante. Elas . Elas. Elas se localizam entre os tecidos maternos e fetais durante todo o período se localizam entre os tecidos maternos e fetais durante todo o período. Elas se localizam entre os tecidos maternos e fetais durante todo o período gestacional, adquirindo funções de invasidade, hematotrófico e fagocitário. Existem também zx células natural Killer uterinas (uNK) cuja principal função é a liberação de citocinas com IFN-Y que leva à dilatação ds artérias espiraladas deciduais e manutennção de integridade decidual, contribuindo, portanto, para o desenvolvimento normal da decídua e da placenta. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar os possiveis efeitos da administração do extrto hidroalcoolico de Cassi angustifolia (Sene) em diferentes períodos da gestação de camundongos, tanto no organismo materno como cno concepto, bem como os efeitos comportamentaios eos efeitos nas células uNK e CTGs desses animais por meio dos estudo morfológico, citoquímico e estereológicos. Realizou-se também o perfil cromatográfico a fim de averiguar os principais constituites quimicos do extrato. O tratamento com extrato provocou alterações morfologicas bastante evidentes, de tal forma que foi possível identificar a presença de focos hemorrágicos e reabsorções uterinas. Verificamos que o CTGs se localizavam em meio ao infiltardo sanguineo, ou até mesmo ao redor de um inicio de necrose, exercendo assim um papel fagocitário frente à aitividade inflamatória e remodelação tecidual. As células NKu apresentaram um aumento significativo a região endometrial mais distante do embrião. Esses achados sugerem que existe uma cinética no proecesso de perda e reabsorção embrionária nos naimais tratados durante o prenhez que se inicia com o processo hemorrágico, morte e reabsorção embronária e que os senosídeos A e pode estar associado a estes efeitos. Portanto o uso de Cassia angustifolia durante os periodos de desenvolvimento embrionário apresenta um grande risco para a mãe e para o fetoCassia angustifolia (Senne), is usually associated with its effects on the gastrointestinal tract where besides being used as purgative. The popular culture associated this plant with abortion and emmenagogue effects. Mostplants used as emmenagogu eare the same used as abortion, there is no clear distinction between the two intentions. Plants traditionally used to induce abortion are administered in excessively high doses, which can cause toxic effects to the woman's body. The main chemical constituents of Cassia angustifolia are diantronas-8-8'-called diglicosídeos senossides AF, with a predominance of A senossides. This components can inducing uterine contractions, increase blood flow to the uterus and its appendages, increasing the risk offetal loss, disruption of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Trophoblast giant cells (TGC) present in maternal interface - fetal, are of great relevance to the balance between the fetus and mother. There are also uterine Natural Killer cells (UNK) whose main function is the release of cytokines such as IFN-? which leads to dilation of the decidual spiral arteries and maintenance of decidual integrity, contributing thus to the normal development of the decidua and placental. In this context, the present study evaluated the possible effects of administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia angustifolia (Senna) in different periods of pregnancy in mice, both in the mother and the fetus, as well as behavioral effects and the effects on cells and TGCs and UNK by morphological, cytochemical and stereological studying. There was also thechromatographic profilein order to as certain the chemical constituents of the extract. We found that theTGCs are locatedin the midst of blood infiltration, or even around an early necrosis, thereby exerting a role phagocytic activity against the inflammatory and tissue remodeling. UNK cells showed a significant increase in endometrial farthest region of the embryo. Furthermore, the treatment showed behavioral changes in females treated with the corresponding extract.The morphological and histological analysis showeda important prejudicial effect of senne extract in mouse pregnancy and after phytochemical analysis we can supposed that this effects was caused probably by the A and B healthy senossídeos (anthraquinone derivatives) the main constituents of Senne extract. The results support an important risk of the indiscriminate use of Senneforpregnant woman
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
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Borges, Maraisa Delmut. "AVALIAÇÃO DOS EXTRATOS DA CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS NA CICATRIZAÇÃO DE FERIDAS CUTÂNEAS CAUSADAS POR INDUÇÃO DE VENENO DE Bothrops moojeni EM CAMUNDONGOS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3146.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-12INTRODUCTION: The snake bites caused by Bothrops snakes constitute a major public health problem in tropical regions around the world. Research is being developed with the goal of finding therapies and substances that can be used to decrease local reaction caused by the snake bite, among them is the use of medicinal plants such as Cassia occidentalis. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the healing activity of ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves of Cassia occidentalis in skin wounds in mice induced by the venom of Bothrops moojeni. METHODS: The hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by the method of percolation. The extracts of leaves and root of C. occidentalis a occidentalis at 10% were incorporated in Lanette cream. The study used 36 female Swiss albino mice, 60 days old, divided randomly into two groups (n = 18) and subdivided into three subgroups (n = 6). For the wound induction, the animals were anesthetized the dorsal-cervical region was shaved and intradermal inoculation was made with 4 mg of the venom of Bothrops moojeni diluted in saline in order to cause local necrosis.RESULTS: The leaves extract of C. occidentalis at 10% cream Lanette stimulated angiogenesis in wounds at the 7th and 14th day after the inoculation of the venom of Bothrops moojeni. CONCLUSIONS: The leaf extract of Cassia occidentalis at 10% cream Lanette, had a positive effect on healing, that justifies the use of this plant in the treatment of snakebites wounds.
INTRODUÇÃO:Os acidentes ofídicos provocados por serpentes do gênero Bothrops constituem importante problema de Saúde Pública em regiões tropicais de todo o mundo. Pesquisas estão sendo desenvolvidas com o objetivo de diminuir a reação local provocada pelo envenenamento botrópico, com o uso de várias substâncias e terapias e entre elas, o uso de plantas medicinais, como a Cassia occidentalis usada popularmente para picada de cobra.OBJETIVOS:Avaliar a atividade cicatrizante dos extratos etanólicos da raiz e das folhas da Cassia occidentalis em feridas cutâneas em camundongos induzidas pelo veneno da Bothrops moojeni.METODOLOGIA:O extrato hidroalcoólico foi obtido através do método de percolação,10% dos extratos de folhas e raiz da C. occidentalis foram incorporados em creme Lanette. Foram utilizados 36 camundongos albinos Swiss, fêmeas, com 60 dias de idade, peso entre 20 a 40 g. Os animais (n=36) foram pesados e divididos de forma aleatória, em dois grupos (n=18) e subdivididos em três subgrupos (n=6), Para a indução da ferida, os animais foram anestesiados, por via muscular, com uma associação de cloridrato de cetamina e cloridrato de xilazina nas doses de 70 mg Kg-1 e 10 mg Kg-1, respectivamente. Após a tricotomia da região dorsocervical, foram inoculados intradermicamente com 4 µg da peçonha da B. moojeni diluída em salina, a fim de se provocar uma necrose local.RESULTADOS:O extrato das folhas da C. occidentalis a 10% em creme Lanette estimulou a angiogênese em feridas na derme de camundongos no 7º e 14º dias após a inoculação do veneno da B. moojeni.CONCLUSÕES:Dessa forma, a atividade angiogênica do extrato da folha da Cassia occidentalis evidenciada pode justificar os achados observados na macroscopia, onde foi evidenciada melhor resolução do processo cicatricial.
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Zhou, Shuting. "Casein-phenolic interactions in food." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103772.
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Protein-phenolic interactions are common in foods with reported effects on nutritional and functional properties of foods. The objectives of this research were to investigate the casein-phenolic acid interactions in a model system and in chocolate as a processed food product. Casein-phenolic acid interactions were induced by heat incubation of casein with protocatechuic acid or p-coumaric acid at 55 ℃ (pH 7, 2 h); caseins were isolated from milk chocolate and white chocolate by precipitating caseins at its isoelectric point (pH 4.6). Casein-phenolic complexes were identified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native- and SDS-PAGE) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Degree of hydrolysis of casein-phenolic complexes was investigated using tryptic hydrolysis; sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were used to identify the hydrolysates of casein-phenolic complexes. Total phenolic contents of original and defatted milk chocolate and casein isolated from milk chocolate (1.905, 1.644 and 1.018 mg/g respectively) were higher than those of original and defatted white chocolate and casein isolated from white chocolate (1.678, 0.723 and 0.000 mg/g respectively) respectively. Native- and SDS-PAGE results revealed that casein-phenolic interactions were induced by heat incubation and occurred during the processing of milk chocolate; minor changes in the migration of casein fractions and aggregation of casein subunits were observed after heat incubation of casein with protocatechuic acid and in casein isolated from milk chocolate; there is no observed change with Native- and SDS-PAGE electropherograms after casein incubated with p-coumaric acid and in casein isolated from white chocolate. In vitro hydrolysis of casein control (C), casein-protocatechuic acid complex (CPA), casein-p-coumaric acid complex (CCA), casein isolated from milk chocolate (CMC) and casein isolated from white chocolate (CWC) by trypsin showed degree of hydrolysis of 19.3 %, 18.6 %, 17.7 %, 10.4 % and 17.8 % respectively; SDS-PAGE revealed that the three major casein fractions α-, β- and κ-caseins in casein control, casein-protocatechuic acid complex, casein-p-coumaric acid complex and casein isolated from milk chocolate and white chocolate were hydrolyzed. Both protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid affected the peptide profiles of casein hydrolysates; the peptide profile of casein isolated from milk chocolate was affected by phenolic compounds.Les interactions protéine-phénols sont courantes dans les aliments. Les études rapportent que ces interactions affectent les propriétés nutritionnelles et fonctionnelles des aliments. Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient d'étudier les interactions caséine-acides phénols dans un système modèle et dans un produit transformé à base de chocolat. Les interactions caséine-acides phénols ont été induites par la chaleur suite à une incubation de la caséine avec de l'acide protocatéchique ou de l'acide p-coumarique à 55 ℃ (pH 7, 2 h); les caséines ont été isolés du chocolat au lait et chocolat blanc en précipitant les caséines à son point isoélectrique (pH 4,6). Les complexes à base de caséine-phénolique ont été identifiés par électrophorèse en gel de polyacrylamide (non dénaturante et SDS-PAGE) et par la chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance en phase inversée (CLHP-PI). Le degré d'hydrolyse des complexes caséine-phénoliques a été étudié par hydrolyse tryptique; l'électrophorèse en gel de polyacrylamide contenant du laurylsulfate de sodium (SDS-PAGE) et la chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance en phase inversée (CLHP-PI) ont servi à identifier les hydrolysats des complexes à base de caséine-phénolique. Le contenu en phénols totaux du chocolat au lait d'origine et sans gras et de la caséine isolée de chocolat au lait (1,905, 1,644 et 1,018 mg / g respectivement) était plus élevé que celui du chocolat blanc original et sans gras et de la caséine isolée de chocolat blanc (1.678, 0.723 et 0,000 mg / g respectivement), respectivement. Les résultats de la chromatographie non dénaturante et SDS-PAGE ont révélé que les interactions caséine-phénols ont été induites par une incubation à la chaleur et sont survenues pendant le procédé du chocolat au lait; des changements mineurs dans la migration des fractions de caséine et de l'agrégation de sous-unités de caséine ont été observés après une incubation à la chaleur de la caséine avec de l'acide protocatéchique et dans la caséine isolée de chocolat au lait; il n'y a pas de changement observé avec les électrophérogrammes non dénaturante et SDS-PAGE après que la caséine ait été incubée avec de l'acide p-coumarique ni avec la caséine isolée à partir de chocolat blanc. L'hydrolyse in vitro de la caséine de contrôle (C), du complexe caséine-acide protocatéchique (CPA), du complexe caséine-acide p-coumarique (CCA), de la caséine isolée du chocolat au lait (CMC) et de la caséine isolée du chocolat blanc (CWC) par la trypsine ont montré un degré d'hydrolyse de 19,3%, 18,6%, 17,7%, 10,4% et 17,8% respectivement; SDS-PAGE a révélé que les trois principales fractions de caséine α-, β- et κ-caséine dans la caséine contrôle, le complexe caséine-acide protocatéchique, le complexe caséine-acide p-coumarique et la caséine isolée du chocolat au lait et du chocolat blanc ont été hydrolysées. L'acide protocatéchique et l'acide p-coumarique ont affecté le profil en peptides de la caséine; le profil en peptides de la caséine isolée de chocolat au lait a été affecté par les composés phénoliques.
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Cavalheiro, Norma de Paula. ""Hepatite C: transmissão entre casais"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-14062004-144045/.
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RESUMO Cavalheiro, NP. Hepatite C: transmissão entre casais. São Paulo, 2004. 111p. Tese (Doutorado) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. Introdução: A ocorrência e eficiência da transmissão sexual do VHC na ausência de outros fatores de risco ainda é muito controversa. Foram investigados e analisados 24 casais, ambos cônjuges infectados com o VHC. Destes, 22 apresentaram o mesmo subtipo viral e a análise filogenética de parte da região NS5b mostrou altos índices de homologia nas seqüências entre os vírus dos casais infectados. Objetivo: Análise da transmissão da Hepatite C entre casais heterossexuais. Método: O estudo recrutou 45 casais. Destes, 24 foram selecionados e incluídos na pesquisa, com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial para a Hepatite C crônica. A infecção foi diagnosticada por testes imunoenzimáticos de terceira geração e pela presença da partícula viral circulante detectada pela PCR. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas entre os anos de 1999 e 2002. Foram seqüenciadas partes das regiões 5NC e NS5b do VHC, para determinação dos subtipos virais. Os testes utilizados para as PCRs estão disponíveis para pesquisa e foram respectivamente TRUGENE 5NC Test (Bayer Health Care Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA) e Titan One Tube RT-PCR Kits (Roche Molecular, Mannheim, Germany). Para as PCRs dos seqüenciamentos foi utilizado o kit CLIP sequencing test (Bayer Health Care Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA). As seqüências foram analisadas com o sistema de seqüenciamento Open Gene DNA, software na Versão 3.1, biblioteca específica (Bayer Health Care Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA). Para o alinhamento das seqüências, referentes a região NS5b, foi utilizado o programa Clustal W (Clustal W Multiple Sequence Alignment Program, v1.7, June 1997) e a árvore filogenética foi gerada pelo método Neighbor Joining. Um questionário padrão e entrevistas foram usados para coleta de dados sobre fatores de risco para aquisição da doença e comportamento sexual. Os pacientes desta pesquisa foram recrutados no Ambulatório de Hepatite do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo e Ambulatório de Hepatite do Hospital Guilherme Álvaro, da cidade de Santos. Resultados: Entre os 24 casais selecionados, 22 apresentaram o mesmo subtipo viral e altas porcentagens de homologia (região NS5b) entre 93,0% e 99,4%. Os subtipos HCV apresentados foram dois (9,1%) casais infectados por 1a, nove (40,9%) com subtipo 1b, um (4,6%) com subtipo 2b e dez (45,5%) dos casais pelo subtipo HCV 3a. Os dois casais discordantes apresentaram índices de 70,1% e 82,2% e foram infectados pelos subtipos 2b e 1b, e 1b e 1a respectivamente. A média de tempo de convivência foi de 22,4 anos, variando de 2 a 45 anos e a renda per capta anual foi em média US$2,270/ano. Com base nos questionários e entrevistas os fatores de risco apresentados pelos casais foram: 9 (37,5%) transfusão de sangue, 17 (70,8%) U.D. endovenosa e 15 (62,5%) U.D. inalatória, 4 (16,7%) acupuntura e 5 (20,8%) tatuagem. O compartilhar de utensílios de higiene pessoal relatado pelos casais apresentou altos índices e 6 (25,0%) dos casais assumiram o uso comum de escova de dente, 16 (66,7%) lâmina de barbear, 21 (87,5%) cortador de unhas e 14 (58,3%) alicate de manicure. Os dois casais discordantes relataram fatores de risco como transfusão de sangue e U.D. Conclusão: A alta similaridade encontrada entre as cadeias genômicas do VHC pode dar suporte a hipótese de transmissão do VHC entre esses casais. O uso compartilhado de utensílios de higiene pessoal e o tempo de convivência tornam difícil a interpretação dos dados. O uso compartilhado de utensílios de higiene pessoal pode dificultar a interpretação dos dados em relação à transmissão sexual do VHC. A hipótese do sentido mais provável de transmissão do VHC, de homem para mulher, foi reforçada neste trabalho.ABSTRACT Cavalheiro, NP. Hepatitis C: transmission between couples. São Paulo, 2004. 111p. Thesis (Doctoral) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. Introduction: The occurrence and the efficiency of HCV sexual transmission in the absence of other risk factors are still very controversial. I investigated and analyzed 24 couples, both infected with HCV, of whom 22 shared the same viral subtype. A phylogenetic analysis of NS5b region showed high sequence homology among the infected couples. Objective: Analysis of the Hepatitis C transmission between heterosexuals couples. Methods: The study recruited 45 couples, 24 were included, with anti-HCV positive and clinical diagnosis of active chronic hepatitis. HCV infection was diagnosed by positivity of serum samples for anti HCV (third-version enzyme immunoassay) and by circulating HCV-RNA detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). All blood samples were collected between 1999 and 2002. Sequencing of the 5NC region was performed utilizing the research available TRUGENE HCV 5NC Test (Bayer Health Care Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA). Sequencing of the NS5B region was performed by RT-PCR amplification with Titan One Tube RT-PCR Kits (Roche Molecular, Mannheim, Germany) and CLIP sequencing using a prototype NS5B genotyping assay (Bayer Health Care Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA). Sequence analysis was completed using the Open Gene DNA Sequencing System, Gene Objects software package (Version 3.1), and Gene Librarian module (Bayer Health Care Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA). Multiple sequence alignments of the NS5B region were performed with Clustal W (Clustal W Multiple Sequence Alignment Program, v1.7, June 1997), and phylogenetic trees were generated using the Neighbor Joining Method. A standardized questionnaire and interview was used to collect data concerning risk factors and sexual behaviors. Follow up of all subjects was conducted at the hepatitis clinic of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo and at the Hospital Guilherme Alvaro in the city of Santos, in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Results: Among the 24 couples, 22 had matching viral subtypes with homology scores (NS5b) ranging from 93.0% to 99.4%. Of the 22 couples with matching subtype, two (9.1%) where infected with subtype 1a, nine (40.9%) with subtype 1b, one (4.6%) with subtype 2b and ten (45.5%) with subtype 3a. The two couples that did not show matching viral subtypes had scores of 70.1% and 82.2%, and were infected with subtypes 2b and 1b, and 1b and 1a, respectively. The average of duration of marriage was 22.4 years (range 2-45 years) and the per capita income was an average of US$2,270/year. Based on the questionnaire and interviews, cause of infection of the 24 couples could be attributed to: blood transfusions 9 (37.5%), drug use, I.V. 17(70.8%) and inhalation 15 (62.5%), acupuncture 4 (16.7%) and tattooing 5 (20.8%). Shared hygienic utensils showed a much higher correlation of possible route of transmission, and are better explained by the sequence homology data than by the other associated risk factors. A total of 6 (25.0%) couples shared tooth brushes, 16 (66.7%) shared shaving blades, 21 (87.5%) shared nail clippers and 14 (58.3%) shared manicure cutters. The two couples that had different subtypes, both of them related transfusion blood and I.V. drug use. Conclusions: The high similarity found among the genome chains of HCV supports the hypothesis of transmission between these couples. The shared use of personal hygiene utensils and the amount of time spent living together made it difficult to interpret the data. Also, the shared use of personal hygiene utensils can make it difficult to interpret the data in relation to the sexual transmission of HCV. The hypothesis in relation to the direction of the HCV transmission, from man to woman, was reinforced in this work.
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Driver, Steven D. "John Cassian and the reading of Egyptian monastic culture /." New York : Routledge, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39266490j.
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Miller, Malik. "The reconstruction and FEA analysis of the decommissioned WWII era destroyer USS Cassin Young in the SolidWorks environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83728.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 29).
An attempt was made at reconstructing the now decommissioned World War II era destroyer USS Cassin Young using blueprints on file at the Hart Nautical Museum . After the electronic model was constructed, an attempt was made to run an FEA analysis to determine stress levels in the ship's hull. The ship was made using the various Solidworks tools available including surfacing and extrusion tools while using the available blueprints for recreation accuracy. The FEA was not completed due to problems encountered in the meshing and analysis of the complex geometry of the ship hull.
by Malik Miller.
S.B.
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Pomar, Kenri. "Visualization and Quantification of Karst and Fractures in Cretaceous Carbonates, Cassis, France." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/76.
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Fractures in carbonate strata are often associated with dissolution features such as karst cavities along the fracture plane. Integration of full resolution 3D GPR data and outcrop observation allows the visualization and quantification of fractures and karst cavites in three dimensions. Three 3D GPR cubes were acquired in the Solvay quarry, Provence region, SE France. The quarry exposes an intensly fractured and karstified shallow-water Barremian carbonates with matrix porosity less than 1.8%. The quarry walls provide the 2D information of the fractures (location, type, orientation, dip, length, aperture, spacing and stratigraphic position) and the karst (location, size, shape, stratigraphic position and relationship with fractures), that were documented using 1D scan line measurement. Several deformation features are observed in the quarry, dominated by meter-scale joints and tension gashes, and also minor faults, burial and tectonic-related stylolites. Three major fracture orientations (E-W, NW-SE and N-S) were found in the quarry with a non-uniform distribution influenced by structural position relative to major structural features (eg: large fractures (>10m) and faults). Interpretation of 3D GPR data reveals one major fracture orientation (NE-SW) that was not observed in the outcrop because it is oriented parallel with the quarry wall. Besides fractures, karst were also documented in outcrop as well as in 3D GPR data. Combination between 3D GPR and outcrop observation show that in the Solvay quarry karst occur along fracture plane and preferentially at fracture intersections. The karst are decimeter to meter-size karst which are below the resolution of 3D seismic reflection. Quantification of karst in the quarry show that karst size-frequency distribution follows power-law distribution, where small karst is more common and large karst is less common. The volume of karst in the quarry is up to 3.8% of the total rock volume. The power-law scaling relationship and the quantification of the sub-seismic karst volume will help predicting karst arrays in wide range of sizes in subsurface reservoirs, where visualization of karst is restricted to the resolution of 3D seismic data.
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Cassim, Raadhiya. "Method development and stability of pheroid-based anti-retroviral formulations / Raadhiya Cassim." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1672.
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Petre, Florin Ciprian. "De l'homme extérieur à l'homme intérieur : l'anthropologie spirituelle de saint Jean Cassien." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAK001.
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Le champ disciplinaire dans lequel s’inscrit cette recherche est la théologie patristique, et plus précisément la thèse étudie la pensée anthropologique spirituelle et théologique de saint Jean Cassien, telle qu’elle ressort de ses deux ouvrages spirituels, les Institutions cénobitiques et les Conférences. Cela conduit à s'interroger sur la place qu’occupe Cassien par rapport à la tradition monastique orientale antérieure, ainsi que sur l’influence de ses deux ouvrages sur la tradition monastique occidentale postérieure. Notre recherche a pour ambition de comprendre et d’expliquer, à partir d’une lecture analytique approfondie des textes, le fil conducteur de la vision cassinienne de la progression spirituelle de l’homme. Nous esquissons celle-ci en quatre grandes étapes : homo exterior – puritas cordis – homo interior – ignita oratio (contemplatio). Notre insistance dans l’analyse sur les diverses notions du vocabulaire spirituel cassinien vise à mettre en évidence un des aspects originaux de cet auteur pour toute la littérature monastique, à savoir la conversion du vocabulaire ascétique et monastique grec issu de la tradition égyptienne et par là la création et le développement d'une langue spirituelle latineThe disciplinary field in which this research is conducted is patristic theology. More precisely, the thesis studies the theological and spiritual-anthropological thought of Saint John Cassian, as it emerges from his two spiritual works, Institutes of the Coenobia and Conferences. This leads us to wonder about Cassian's place in relation to the earlier Eastern monastic tradition, as well as about his two works influence on the later western monastic tradition. Our research aims to understand and explain, from an in-depth analytical reading of the texts, the thread of Cassian's vision of the spiritual progression of man. We sketch it in four main stages: homo exterior - puritas cordis - homo interior - ignita oratio (contemplatio). Our insistence in the analysis of the various notions of Cassian's spiritual vocabulary aims to highlight one of the original aspects of this author for all monastic literature, namely the conversion of the Greek ascetic and monastic vocabulary, derived from the Egyptian tradition, and thereby the creation and development of a Latin spiritual language
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Li, Ying. "DEFINING MURINE RETROVIRAL COMPONENTS AND VIRAL LIFE CYCLE EVENTS REQUIRED FOR INDUCING SPONGIFORM MOTOR NEURON DEGENERATION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1216423317.
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Tezcucano, Molino Aline C. "Effects of enzymatic dephosphorylation on properties of bovine casein." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102736.
Full textAbstract:
Milk proteins represent an important source of protein ingredients due to their distinctive physico-chemical, nutritional, technological and functional properties. Casein content of milk represents about 80% of milk proteins. The distinguishing property of phosphorylation provides important properties to caseins. The objectives of this research were to investigate enzymatic dephosphorylation of caseins, to characterize products of dephosphorylation and to examine the effects of dephosphorylation on biological properties of caseins.Bovine whole casein, alpha-casein and beta-casein were dephosphorylated with potato acid phosphatase; optimum dephosphorylation conditions were 37°C, pH 5.8 for 6 h. The extents of dephosphorylation accounted for 71.6, 89.2 and 73.7% for whole casein, alpha-casein and beta-casein, respectively. The apparent Vmax and apparent K m for dephosphorylation of whole casein were 0.283 mumol P/mg casein min and 9.951 mg casein/l, respectively. SDS-alphaPAGE, urea-PAGE, RP-HPLC and ESI-MS demonstrated effects of dephosphorylation on the caseins. Urea-PAGE and ESI-MS confirmed the identities of the individual fractions. ESI-MS established (a) the molecular weight for alpha-casein and beta-casein as 23, 612 and 24, 017 Da, respectively; (b) random removal of 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 8 phosphate groups from alpha-casein and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 phosphate groups from beta-casein and (c) effects of incubation conditions. The effects of dephosphorylation of alpha-casein and beta-casein on the action of pepsin and trypsin were evaluated. Peptide mapping by RP-HPLC indicated that both proteases generated a complex mixture of peptides, with dephosphorylated peptides showing an increase in retention time. LC-ESI-MS and MS/MS in conjunction with the use of advanced bioinformatics software resulted in the identification of the peptides generated. Dephosphorylated alpha-casein and beta-casein showed the presence of peptides in which phosphate groups were removed, and were not observed in peptides from the corresponding native protein. Several of the peptides identified contained sequences that have been reported to be biologically active. Residual allergenicity of dephosphorylated whole casein, alpha-casein and beta-casein as well as peptic and tryptic products of these caseins was determined by an ELISA technique. The results demonstrated that removal of phosphate groups from whole casein, alpha-casein and beta-casein reduced allergenicity by 33, 31.2 and 24.4%, respectively. Proteolysis and dephosphorylation resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) higher reduction in the antigen-antibody binding capacity compared to non-hydrolyzed and non-dephosphorylated caseins, particularly in the highly allergenic alpha-casein.
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Wang, Yu. "Analyse von Telemetriesignalen und Radar-Rückstreusignalen zur Rekonstruktion von Bahnstörungen interplanetarer Raumsonden am Beispiel der simulierten Abstiegsdynamik der Huygens-Sonde." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974189200.
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Srama, Ralf. "Vom Cosmic-Dust-Analyzer zur Modellbeschreibung wissenschaftlicher Raumsonden." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962125466.
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Heber, Alexander. "Enzymatisch vernetzte Caseine – Struktur und Anwendungspotential." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-138652.
Full textAbstract:
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ist es durch die kombinierte Anwendung von P-31 Flüssigkeits (HR)- NMR-Spektroskopie sowie dynamischer Lichtstreuung (DLS) gelungen, die supramolekulare Struktur von mizellarem Casein aus ultrahocherhitzter (UHT) Milch unter dem Einfluss einer enzymatischen Vernetzung mittels mikrobieller Transglutaminase (mTG) zu charakterisieren. Die P-31 HR NMR-Spektroskopie erweist sich dabei als hervorragende Methode, um sowohl den Einbau von Casein aus dem Milchserum in die mizellaren Aggregate durch die enzymatische Reaktion als auch die bevorzugte mTG Vernetzung des beta-Caseins nachzuweisen. Durch die Kombination von P-31 HR NMR-Spektroskopie und Messungen der dynamischen Lichtstreuung war es weiterhin möglich, das Vorliegen vernetzter Caseinaggregate in Dispersionen mTG-behandelter Caseine zu belegen und besonders den Anteil an nicht vernetztem Casein „sichtbar“ zu machen, der durch EDTA-Zugabe aus den mTG-vernetzten Caseinnetzwerken freigesetzt wird.
Es zeigt sich, dass die Caseinnetzwerke nach der EDTA-Behandlung eine geringere Proteindichte als mizellares Casein aufweisen, da sie nur ca. 20 % des Serinphosphats des mizellaren Caseins enthalten. P-31 Festkörper-NMR-spektroskopische Messungen legen außerdem nahe, dass die Beweglichkeit des phosphorylierten Ser149-Restes des kappa-Caseins in der äußeren Schicht der mizellaren Caseinaggregate durch die mTG-Behandlung nicht wesentlich verändert wird.
Um die erhaltenen Caseinnetzwerke im Hinblick auf ihr Anwendungspotential zu untersuchen, wurden sie als Proteinkomponente bei der biomimetischen Calciumphosphatfällung sowie als Trägerstrukturen für bioaktives Lysozym verwendet. Durch den Einsatz von Caseinnetzwerken als Fällungsmedium während der Präzipitation von Calciumphosphat (CaP) ist es gelungen, eine hydratisierte, apatitische Phase zu stabilisieren, die sowohl ungeordnete als auch kristalline Bereiche enthält und damit strukturelle Ähnlichkeit zu biologisch und besonders biomimetisch gebildetem Apatit besitzt. Die in den Präzipitaten ebenfalls vorhandenen Phosphoratome in einer relativ ungeordneten OCP (Octacalciumphosphat)-ähnlichen Umgebung stehen höchstwahrscheinlich mit der apatitischen Phase in räumlich engem Kontakt und sind damit entweder Bestandteil dieser Phase oder befinden sich in einer getrennten Phase, die jedoch mit der apatitischen Phase in Form eines Nanokomposits mit sehr kleinen, eng benachbarten Kristalliten vorliegt.
Bei der Fällung des Caseinnetzwerk/CaP-Präzipitats wird ebenfalls eine Dicalciumphosphat-Dihydrat (DCPD)-Phase gebildet. Diese ist separiert von den anderen CaP-Phasen und tritt in wesentlich geringerem Maße auf als in einem reinen CaP-Präzipitat, das ohne Proteinkomponente gefällt wurde. Damit konnte gezeigt werden, dass unter Bedingungen, bei denen ohne Proteinkomponente größtenteils DCPD entsteht, die Caseinnetzwerke eine apatitische Phase stabilisieren, die strukturelle Ähnlichkeit zu biologisch und biomimetisch gebildetem Apatit aufweist.
Die qualitativ gleichen Ergebnisse konnten für vergleichsweise untersuchtes unvernetztes Casein gefunden werden. Die Caseinnetzwerke zeigen jedoch in Bezug auf die apatitische Phase einen stärkeren Stabilisierungseffekt als unvernetztes Casein. Es ist denkbar, dass dies unter anderem darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass die Phosphatzentren in den Caseinnetzwerken im Gegensatz zu Casein frei von CaP-Brücken sind, da diese durch die EDTA-Behandlung entfernt wurden. Da die Caseinnetzwerke zudem eine geringere Proteindichte und damit eine höhere „Porosität“ als die mizellaren Caseinaggregate aufweisen, kann sich die apatitische Phase möglicherweise auch innerhalb der Netzwerke bilden, während dies für die mizellaren Caseinaggregate wahrscheinlich nur begrenzt möglich ist.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte ebenfalls gezeigt werden, dass sich Caseinnetzwerke grundsätzlich als Transportsysteme für Lysozym eignen, da sie eine hohe Stabilität aufweisen und erfolgreich mit Lysozym beladen werden können. Während die Assoziation von Lysozym mit mizellaren Caseinaggregaten, die aus UHT-Milch gewonnenen wurden, zu einem fast vollständigen Verlust der Lysozymaktivität führt, bleibt die Aktivität des Enzyms bei der Bindung an Caseinnetzwerke erhalten.
Das Anwendungspotential der Caseinnetzwerk/Lysozym-Assoziate wurde im Rahmen von zahnmedizinischen Versuchen in vitro und in situ untersucht. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Caseinnetzwerk/Lysozym-Assoziate in vitro eine dauerhafte Immobilisierung des Lysozyms in der in situ gebildeten Pellikel bewirken. Eine deutliche Anreicherung des Enzyms in situ wird mithilfe der Caseinnetzwerke allerdings nicht beobachtet. Dies könnte darin begründet sein, dass die im Vergleich zu den in vitro vorgefundenen Verhältnissen deutlich komplexeren Bedingungen in situ zu einem selektiveren Anreicherungsprozess von Enzymen in der Pellikel führen.
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Dias, Marília Rique de Souza Brito. "Casais que não desejam ter filhos." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=602.
Full textAbstract:
Neste trabalho nos debruçamos sobre um fenômeno emergente no Brasil e no mundo: os casais que não desejam ter filhos. Nosso objetivo foi discutir seus discursos a respeito deste tema problematizando o imperativo social que lhes
ordena que tenham filhos. A dissertação se constitui por dois artigos. No primeiro, teórico, procuramos, através de um percurso histórico bibliográfico, investigar o significado atribuído ao ter filhos do século XVI até os dias atuais.
Constatamos que ao longo dos séculos os discursos que se dirigiram à família foram modificados, gerando normas a serem seguidas com o intuito de trazer, prioritariamente, retorno financeiro para o Estado. Apesar disso, fica claro que
movimentos de resistência sempre caminharam lado a lado com tais normatizações, partindo dessas normas no sentido de problematizá-las. O segundo artigo foi consequência de um estudo empírico com casais que não tinham filhos e não pretendiam tê-los. Os resultados apontaram casais que
travam uma batalha constante com o discurso normatizador. Concluímos que é possível que os casais que não desejam ter filhos façam parte de um movimento de resistência- mas, ao mesmo tempo, se constituam em relação a ele- estando dentro e fora, à margem sim, mas sendo essa margem aquilo que os delimita, possibilitando o surgimento do novo a partir da diferença e da repetiçãoIn this study we will analyze an emerging phenomenon in Brazil and in the world, the couples who do not wish to have children. Our objective was to discuss their discourse about this theme having in mind the social imperative that orders them to have children. The dissertation constitutes itself by two articles: In the first, which is theoretical, we search, through a historical bibliographic pathway, to investigate the meaning of having children from the 16th century until our actual days. We found that within the centuries the speeches that were conducted to the family were transformed creating rules that had to be obeyed with the intention of giving, primarily, financial profit for the state. Nevertheless, it is clear that resistance movements always walked side by side with those rules having as objective to surpass them. The second article was a consequence from an empirical study with couples that did not haven children and also did not pretend to have. The results pointed out that these couples are in a constant struggle against the ruling speech. We concluded that it is possible that the couples who do not wish to have children become a part of the resistance movement, but, at the same time, it may constitute in relation to them, if they are inside and outside, a margin, but this margin is what delimits them and, in the difference and repletion enables the emergence of the new
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Oommen, Bonney S. "Casein Supramolecules: Structure and Coagulation Properties." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5518.
Full textAbstract:
The changes in quaternary structure of casein supramolecules with various physical and chemical treatments were studied using transmission electron microscopy, and a model to account for the changes is put forth. The effects of casein structure on coagulation properties were also studied. The sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy involved physical methods of fixation and flash freeing to preserve the structure of caseins in the sample.
The structure of caseins in sodium and calcium caseinate varied with sodium caseinate not exhibiting any spherical structure as opposed to the spherical structure seen in calcium caseinate, non-fat dried milk and native milk. This difference in structure was carried over to rennet coagulum made from those sources of casein. Addition of calcium and phosphate to sodium and calcium caseinate, respectively, improved their coagulation properties. Hydration parameters such as time and shear of hydration affected the extent of hydration. High shear (733 s-1) or approximately 10 hr of hydration was required to disperse and hydrate the dried milk protein powders.
Acidification and treatment with excess EDT A resulted in dissociation of casein supramolecules into various sizes and shapes. Heat treatment of milk in the presence of ethanol also resulted in its dissociation. High heat treatment of milk at various pH levels induced different types of whey protein casein interactions.
All these changes can be explained using an irregular supramolecular structure of caseins based on a node and strand network of proteins and calcium phosphate nanoclusters. Such a filigreed sponge-like appearance is seen in native bovine milk and in milk of other species.
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Silva, Leonira Morais da. "Galactomannan Cassia fistula seeds:extraction, characterisation and modification. A potential substituent bean galactomannan of Locusta." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16087.
Full textAbstract:
Universidade Federal do CearÃThe demand for biodegradable materials extracted from renewable sources that have high performance and lower cost is increasingly growing. The galactomannan extracted from Cassia fistula seeds was characterized by several methodologies: Elemental Analysis; Protein content; Uronic acid content; Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC); Intrinsic Viscosity; Rheological Studies;Turbidity; Thermogravimetry; Infrared and 1H, 13C NMR. The yield of the extraction was 26.5 % m/m. The values obtained for protein content, humidity and uronic acid content were: 2.5%, 11.9% and 3.6% respectively. The values of molar weight (Mw = 2.2 x106g/mol) and intrinsic viscosity (9.73 dL/g) found for GCF were close to those from locusta bean galactomannan. For galactomannan of locusta bean is the second galactomannan commercializes most in the world, for this reason a comparative between GCF was done andGLB. The rheological analysis showed that GCF solutions exhibited pseudoplastic behavior at concentrations higher than 1%. Thermogravimetry analysis for GCF showed three events: 1Â related to water loss; 2Â related to matter decomposition and the 3Â related to loss of organic matter which is more resistant to degradation. The infrared spectrum showed characteristic bands for polysaccharide and the 1H and 13C NMR spectra showed galactomannan characteristic peaks. The ratio mannose/galactose of GCF determined by 1H NMR spectrum analysis was 3.2, value close to that one from locusta bean galactomannan. The GCF was modified by reacting with sodium periodate at several concentrations to obtain the modified polysaccharide with oxidation degrees of: 10%; 20%; 50%; 65% and 80% [(periodate molar rate/glycosidic unities) x100]. The yield values obtained for the reactions were around 70% w/w. The oxidated materials were characterized by Rheology; GPC and 1H ,13C NMR. It was observed a decrease of molar mass (Mw) of 2.3 x 106 g/mol (GCF) to 6.4 x 104 g/mol (GCFO10%). As the degree of oxidation increases there is a reduction of the molecular weight, confirming that there was a degradation of the polymeric chain by the oxidation reaction with sodium periodate. The rheological analysis for 1% (w/v) non-modified GCF solutions and of GCFOXâs showed a reduction of apparent viscosity with oxidation degree increase (at 596 s-1): of 60.0 mPa.s (GCF) to 14 and 1.7 mPa.s (GCFO10) and 80%, respectively. The 1H NMR spectra showed for samples until 20% a few signals on anomeric range, when compared with samples with oxidation degree higher than 50 %. The ratio Man/Gal increased from 3.2 for the original sample to 3.3 and 4.6 for those samples of 10 and 20%, respectively. That increase means that the oxidation takes place preferably at the galactose units.
A procura por materiais biodegradÃveis, extraÃdos de fontes enovÃveis que apresentem alto desempenho e um menor custo à cada vez mais rescente. A galactomanana extraida das sementes de Cassia fistula (GCF) foi caracterizada atravÃs das anÃlises elementar; teor de proteÃna; teor de Ãcido urÃnico;cromatografia de permeaÃÃo em gel; viscosidade intrinseca; estudos reolÃgicos; turbidez; anÃlise termogravimÃtrica; espectroscopica na regiÃo do infravermelho e RMN de 1H e 13C. O rendimento da extraÃÃo foi de 26,5 % em massa. Os valores de teor de proteÃna, umidade e Ãcido urÃnico obtidos foram de 2,5%, 11,9% e 3,6%, respectivamente. O valor da massa molar mÃdia (Mw) (2,2 x 106 g/mol) e viscosidade intrÃseca (9,73 dL/g) encontrado para GCF foram prÃximos aos valores encontrados para galactomanana de locusta bean. As anÃlises reolÃgicas mostraram que as soluÃÃes de GCF apresentam comportamento pseudoplÃtico em concentraÃÃes acima de 1% m/v. Na anÃlise termogravimÃtrica a amostra de GCF apresentou trÃs eventos, o 1 referente à perda de Ãgua; o 2 evento referente à decomposiÃÃo da matÃria e o 3 evento referente à perda da matÃria orgÃnica mais resistente a degradaÃÃo. O espectro de infravermelho mostrou bandas caracterÃsticas de polissacarÃdeo e os espectros de RMN de 1H e 13C mostraram picos caracterÃsticos de galactomanana. A razÃo manose/galactose da GCF determinado pelo espectro de RMN de 1H foi de 3,2 razÃo prÃxima a galactomanana de locusta bean (GL). A galactomanana da locusta bean à a segunda galactomanana mais comercializada no mundo, por essa razÃo foi feito um comparativo entre a GCF e a GL. A GCF foi modificada atravÃs da reaÃÃo com periodato de sÃdio em vÃrias concentraÃÃes para obter o polissacarÃdeo modificado com graus de oxidaÃÃo de 10%; 20%; 50%; 65% e 80% [(razÃo molar de periodato/unidades glicosÃdicas)x100]. Os valores obtidos do rendimento das reaÃÃes foram em torno de 70% em massa. Os materiais oxidados foram caracterizados atravÃs das anÃlises reolÃgicas, por GPC e RMN 1H e 13C. Observa-se uma diminuiÃÃo da massa molar (Mw) de 2,3 x 106 g/mol da GCF para 6,4 x 104 g/mol da galactomanana de Cassia fistula oxidada a 10% GCFO10%).A medida que aumenta o grau de oxidaÃÃo ocorre uma reduÃÃo da massa molar, confirmando que houve uma degradaÃÃo da cadeia polimÃrica pela reaÃÃo de oxidaÃÃo com o periodato de sÃdio. A anÃlise reolÃgica de soluÃÃes 1% (m/v) de GCF nÃo modificada e das galactomananas de Cassia fÃstula oxidadas (GCFOXâs) mostrou uma reduÃÃo da viscosidade aparente com o aumento do grau de oxidaÃÃo: de 60,0 mPa.s da GCF para 14 e 1,7 mPa.s da GCFO10% e GCFO80%, respectivamente. Os espectros de RMN 1H mostraram que para as amostras com o grau de oxidaÃÃo atà 20% aparecem poucos novos sinais na regiÃo de anomÃrico, quando comparados com as amostras com grau de oxidaÃÃo acima de 50%. A razÃo Man/Gal aumenta de 3,2 da amostra original para 3,3 e 4,6 nas amostras de 10 e 20%, respectivamente. Esse aumento indica que a oxidaÃÃo ocorre preferencialmente nas unidades de galactose.
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Silva, Leonira Morais da. "Galactomanana de sementes de Cassia fistula: extração, caracterização e modificação. Um potêncial substituínte da galactomanana da Locusta bean." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16932.
Full textAbstract:
SILVA, Leonira Morais da. Galactomanana de sementes de Cassia fistula: extração, caracterização e modificação. Um potêncial substituínte da galactomanana da Locusta bean. 2012. 90 f. Dissertação (mestrado em química)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2012.Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-04-01T20:16:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lmsilva.pdf: 3372290 bytes, checksum: 7c141eef34955db9ed557b801296e729 (MD5)
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The demand for biodegradable materials extracted from renewable sources that have high performance and lower cost is increasingly growing. The galactomannan extracted from Cassia fistula seeds was characterized by several methodologies: Elemental Analysis; Protein content; Uronic acid content; Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC); Intrinsic Viscosity; Rheological Studies;Turbidity; Thermogravimetry; Infrared and 1H, 13C NMR. The yield of the extraction was 26.5 % m/m. The values obtained for protein content, humidity and uronic acid content were: 2.5%, 11.9% and 3.6% respectively. The values of molar weight (Mw = 2.2 x106g/mol) and intrinsic viscosity (9.73 dL/g) found for GCF were close to those from locusta bean galactomannan. For galactomannan of locusta bean is the second galactomannan commercializes most in the world, for this reason a comparative between GCF was done andGLB. The rheological analysis showed that GCF solutions exhibited pseudoplastic behavior at concentrations higher than 1%. Thermogravimetry analysis for GCF showed three events: 1° related to water loss; 2° related to matter decomposition and the 3° related to loss of organic matter which is more resistant to degradation. The infrared spectrum showed characteristic bands for polysaccharide and the 1H and 13C NMR spectra showed galactomannan characteristic peaks. The ratio mannose/galactose of GCF determined by 1H NMR spectrum analysis was 3.2, value close to that one from locusta bean galactomannan. The GCF was modified by reacting with sodium periodate at several concentrations to obtain the modified polysaccharide with oxidation degrees of: 10%; 20%; 50%; 65% and 80% [(periodate molar rate/glycosidic unities) x100]. The yield values obtained for the reactions were around 70% w/w. The oxidated materials were characterized by Rheology; GPC and 1H ,13C NMR. It was observed a decrease of molar mass (Mw) of 2.3 x 106 g/mol (GCF) to 6.4 x 104 g/mol (GCFO10%). As the degree of oxidation increases there is a reduction of the molecular weight, confirming that there was a degradation of the polymeric chain by the oxidation reaction with sodium periodate. The rheological analysis for 1% (w/v) non-modified GCF solutions and of GCFOX’s showed a reduction of apparent viscosity with oxidation degree increase (at 596 s-1): of 60.0 mPa.s (GCF) to 14 and 1.7 mPa.s (GCFO10) and 80%, respectively. The 1H NMR spectra showed for samples until 20% a few signals on anomeric range, when compared with samples with oxidation degree higher than 50 %. The ratio Man/Gal increased from 3.2 for the original sample to 3.3 and 4.6 for those samples of 10 and 20%, respectively. That increase means that the oxidation takes place preferably at the galactose units.
A procura por materiais biodegradáveis, extraídos de fontes enováveis que apresentem alto desempenho e um menor custo é cada vez mais rescente. A galactomanana extraida das sementes de Cassia fistula (GCF) foi caracterizada através das análises elementar; teor de proteína; teor de ácido urônico;cromatografia de permeação em gel; viscosidade intrinseca; estudos reológicos; turbidez; análise termogravimétrica; espectroscopica na região do infravermelho e RMN de 1H e 13C. O rendimento da extração foi de 26,5 % em massa. Os valores de teor de proteína, umidade e ácido urônico obtidos foram de 2,5%, 11,9% e 3,6%, respectivamente. O valor da massa molar média (Mw) (2,2 x 106 g/mol) e viscosidade intríseca (9,73 dL/g) encontrado para GCF foram próximos aos valores encontrados para galactomanana de locusta bean. As análises reológicas mostraram que as soluções de GCF apresentam comportamento pseudoplático em concentrações acima de 1% m/v. Na análise termogravimétrica a amostra de GCF apresentou três eventos, o 1° referente à perda de água; o 2° evento referente à decomposição da matéria e o 3° evento referente à perda da matéria orgânica mais resistente a degradação. O espectro de infravermelho mostrou bandas características de polissacarídeo e os espectros de RMN de 1H e 13C mostraram picos característicos de galactomanana. A razão manose/galactose da GCF determinado pelo espectro de RMN de 1H foi de 3,2 razão próxima a galactomanana de locusta bean (GL). A galactomanana da locusta bean é a segunda galactomanana mais comercializada no mundo, por essa razão foi feito um comparativo entre a GCF e a GL. A GCF foi modificada através da reação com periodato de sódio em várias concentrações para obter o polissacarídeo modificado com graus de oxidação de 10%; 20%; 50%; 65% e 80% [(razão molar de periodato/unidades glicosídicas)x100]. Os valores obtidos do rendimento das reações foram em torno de 70% em massa. Os materiais oxidados foram caracterizados através das análises reológicas, por GPC e RMN 1H e 13C. Observa-se uma diminuição da massa molar (Mw) de 2,3 x 106 g/mol da GCF para 6,4 x 104 g/mol da galactomanana de Cassia fistula oxidada a 10% GCFO10%).A medida que aumenta o grau de oxidação ocorre uma redução da massa molar, confirmando que houve uma degradação da cadeia polimérica pela reação de oxidação com o periodato de sódio. A análise reológica de soluções 1% (m/v) de GCF não modificada e das galactomananas de Cassia fístula oxidadas (GCFOX’s) mostrou uma redução da viscosidade aparente com o aumento do grau de oxidação: de 60,0 mPa.s da GCF para 14 e 1,7 mPa.s da GCFO10% e GCFO80%, respectivamente. Os espectros de RMN 1H mostraram que para as amostras com o grau de oxidação até 20% aparecem poucos novos sinais na região de anomérico, quando comparados com as amostras com grau de oxidação acima de 50%. A razão Man/Gal aumenta de 3,2 da amostra original para 3,3 e 4,6 nas amostras de 10 e 20%, respectivamente. Esse aumento indica que a oxidação ocorre preferencialmente nas unidades de galactose.
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Ahmed, Shabina Ishtiaq, Muhammad Qasim Hayat, Muhammad Tahir, Qaisar Mansoor, Muhammad Ismail, Kristen Keck, and Robert B. Bates. "Pharmacologically active flavonoids from the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts of Cassia angustifolia Vahl." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622063.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Cassia angustifolia Vahl. (commonly known as senna makkai or cassia senna), native to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Yemen and also extensively cultivated in Pakistan, is a medicinal herb used traditionally to cure number of diseases like liver diseases, constipation, typhoid, cholera etc. This study was conducted to evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer assays and phytochemical constituents of aqueous and organic extracts of C. angustifolia leaves. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of C. angustifolia aqueous and organic (methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate) extracts were investigated by the disk diffusion method. These extracts were further evaluated for antioxidant potential by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anticancer activities of the extracts were determined by the MTT colorimetric assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of C. angustifolia extracts were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. The structures of the bioactive compounds were elucidated by NMR and ESI-MS spectrometry. Results: Bioactivity-guided screening of C. angustifolia extracts, led to the isolation and identification of three flavonoids quercimeritrin (1), scutellarein (2), and rutin (3) reported for the first time from this plant, showed significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 (IC50, 4.0 mu g/mu L), HeLa (IC50, 5.45 mu g/mu L), Hep2 (IC50, 7.28 mu g/mu L) and low cytotoxicity against HCEC (IC50, 21.09 mu g/mu L). Significant antioxidant activity was observed with IC50 2.41 mu g/mL against DPPH radical. Moreover, C. angustifolia extracts have the potential to inhibit microbial growth of E. cloacae, P. aeruginosa, S. mercescens and S. typhi. Conclusion: C. angustifolia extracts revealed the presence of quercimeritrin (1), scutellarein (2), and rutin (3), all known to have useful bioactivities including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities.
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Soares, Aline KÃrcia Alves. "AvaliaÃÃo de seguranÃa e eficÃcia terapÃutica da associaÃÃo de Cassia fistula L, Cassia angustifÃlia Vahl, Tamarindus indica L, Coriandrum sativum L e Glycyrrhiza glabra L em pacientes com constipaÃÃo intestinal." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3277.
Full textAbstract:
nÃo hÃConstipaÃÃo à um problema clÃnico comum que compreende uma constelaÃÃo de sintomas como excessivo esforÃo, fezes duras, sensaÃÃo de evacuaÃÃo incompleta, uso de manobras digitais, ou defecaÃÃo infreqÃente. Seu tratamento emprega medicamentos que aumentem a freqÃÃncia e facilitem as evacuaÃÃes, bem como mudanÃas nos hÃbitos de vida. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar seguranÃa, eficÃcia terapÃutica e validar um mÃtodo analÃtico para a gelÃia TamarineÂ, um fitoterÃpico largamente utilizado como laxante, em pacientes com constipaÃÃo intestinal funcional. Foi realizado o perfil cromatogrÃfico da gelÃia Tamarine para confirmaÃÃo dos seus constituintes e anÃlise de estabilidade empregando cromatografia lÃquida de alta eficiÃncia (CLAE), onde seus principais constituintes foram identificados atravÃs dos tempos de retenÃÃo caracterÃsticos. A anÃlise de estabilidade da formulaÃÃo foi executada comparando os cromatogramas de lotes recÃm-fabricados com lotes apÃs 2 anos de fabricaÃÃo. O mÃtodo desenvolvido comprovou a qualidade das amostras testadas e sua estabilidade apÃs 2 anos de armazenamento. O estudo de toxicologia clÃnica foi do tipo aberto, realizado em 24 voluntÃrios saudÃveis de ambos os sexos que receberam diariamente a administraÃÃo de 5g da gelÃia Tamarine por 28 dias consecutivos. Os voluntÃrios foram avaliados antes, durante e ao final do perÃodo de administraÃÃo atravÃs de histÃria mÃdica, exame fÃsicos e laboratoriais. A formulaÃÃo foi bem tolerada e foram observados feitos adversos como cÃlicas (83,3%), aumento de evacuaÃÃes (58,3%), diarrÃia (20,8%), flatulÃncia e nÃuseas (12,5%). Os parÃmetros hematolÃgicos, metabÃlicos, funÃÃo renal e hepÃtica sofreram variaÃÃes pontuais ao longo do estudo, entretanto, consideradas sem significado clÃnico. O estudo de eficÃcia terapÃutica foi do tipo controlado, paralelo, aberto e randomizado empregando 124 voluntÃrios com constipaÃÃo intestinal funcional, selecionados de acordo com os critÃrios de Roma II e distribuÃdos aleatoriamente entre os grupos de tratamento com a gelÃia Tamarine (TAM) ou Metamucil (MET). Os pacientes em tratamento eram avaliados quinzenalmente para levantamento de efeitos adversos e avaliaÃÃo da eficÃcia feita pelo registro das evacuaÃÃes diÃrias, consistÃncia das fezes e pela melhora global referida pelos mesmos. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou dieta pobre em fibras e baixa ingestÃo de lÃquidos, entretanto, suas dietas nÃo foram alteradas durante o tratamento, as orientaÃÃes nutricionais foram realizadas ao final do estudo para nÃo interferir nos resultados. O uso do TAM aumentou o nÃmero de evacuaÃÃes nos pacientes apÃs 14 e 28 dias de tratamento, quando comparado com o perÃodo inicial de seleÃÃo. No 7o, 14 o, 21 o e 28 o dias a resposta dos pacientes que faziam seu uso foi maior do que o grupo tratado com MET (p0,001), bem como a taxa de melhora 166,7% (p=0,003). A consistÃncia das fezes tambÃm melhorou, tornando-se mais amolecidas nos dois grupos. Tratamento com TAM reduziu a consistÃncia das fezes em todo o perÃodo de tratamento (p<0,001) enquanto que o controle teve reduÃÃo apenas na terceira semana (p<0,05). A avaliaÃÃo global dos pacientes (p=0,01 e 0,0367) e do investigador (p=0,0083 e 0,0193) realizadas no 14 e 28 dias de tratamento mostrou melhor aceitaÃÃo para o grupo tratado com TAM nos dois perÃodos de avaliaÃÃo. Nenhum sinal de toxicidade clÃnica ou laboratorial foi observado em todo o perÃodo de tratamento. O presente ensaio clÃnico conclui que a administraÃÃo de 5g da gelÃia Tamarine à segura e eficaz no tratamento da constipaÃÃo intestinal.
Constipation is a common clinical problem that comprises a constellation of symptoms that include excessive straining, hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, use of digital maneuvers, or infrequent defecation. The treatment is composed by behavioral measures and a therapeutic approach. Initial intervention should include dietary measures and fiber supplements; however, if fiber supplement action is ineffective, substances that increase the fecal bolus, lubricants, osmotic agents and laxatives can be used. The aim of the present study was to establish the efficacy, safety and validate an analytical method. Tamarine jelly, a phytotherapic product from Barrenne IndÃstria FarmacÃutica Ltda. a phytomedicine used as laxative. The research project with the experimental protocol and informed consent, were submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFC. The chromatographic profiles of Tamarine jelly was done for confirmation of their constituents and stability analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method showed the quality of the samples tested and its stability after 2 years of storage. The toxicology clinical trial consisted of an open study with 24 healthy volunteers of both sexes, with a mean age of 26.8 7.8 years, who orally received a daily dose of 5g Tamarine for 28 uninterrupted days. The volunteers were included in the study only when considered healthy after clinical evaluation, physical examination and laboratory tests which preceded the study. The laboratory tests included: heamatologic, biochemical and serologic analysis. This evaluation was repeated after the first, second, third and fourth week of treatment and at post-study. The jelly was well tolerated, however, some adverse gastrointestinal events were observed. Twenty volunteers (83.3%) reported episodes of light intestinal colic followed by hyperdefecation, five (20.8%) reported diarrhea and three (12.5%) flatulence and nausea. The clinical, electrocardiographic and laboratory tests did not show evidence of toxicity in the various organs and systems evaluated. The efficacy was evaluated in 124 constipated patients selected by Rome II criteria. The investigation was designed as a controlled, parallel and opened. After the selection period, Tamarine (TAM) or Metamucil (MET) was administered. Patients were provided with diary sheets to record each bowel movement and associated subjective symptoms rating stool consistency, abdominal pain and flatus. The efficacy and safety analyzed after each 14 days of treatment by the information recorded on diary and a global assessment of efficacy. Volunteers continuing with their routine activities and maintaining their normal general diets even showing a low consumption of fiber and liquids. The nutritional guidelines were implemented at the end of the study not to interfere in the results. TAM increased bowel frequency after 14 and 28 days when compared with no treatment period and on 7o, 14 o, 21o and 28o days was higher the MET (p<0,001). The stool consistency was changed and became softer in both groups. The alterations improved by TAM was observed in all treatment period (p<0,001) and MET changed only on the third week (p<0,05) . The patientâs global efficacy score (p=0,01 e 0,0367) and investigatorâs (p=0,0083 e 0,0193) realized that on 14 and 28 days of treatment was superior for the TAM group compared with MET. No signs of clinical or laboratory toxicity was observed throughout the treatment period. Confirming their traditional use, the administration of 5g of jelly Tamarine  phytotherapic proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of constipation.
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Soares, Aline Kércia Alves. "Avaliação de segurança e eficácia terapêutica da associação de Cassia fistula L, Cassia angustifólia Vahl, Tamarindus indica L, Coriandrum sativum L e Glycyrrhiza glabra L em pacientes com constipação intestinal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2686.
Full textAbstract:
SOARES, Aline Kércia Alves. Avaliação de segurança e eficácia terapêutica da associação de Cassia fistula L, Cassia angustifólia Vahl, Tamarindus indica L, Coriandrum sativum L e Glycyrrhiza glabra L em pacientes com constipação intestinal. 2008. 184 f. Tese (Doutorado em Farmacologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2008.Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2012-05-24T12:26:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_akasoares.pdf: 1080364 bytes, checksum: d56278224795b476210ac767c85583cb (MD5)
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Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-30T14:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_akasoares.pdf: 1080364 bytes, checksum: d56278224795b476210ac767c85583cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Constipation is a common clinical problem that comprises a constellation of symptoms that include excessive straining, hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, use of digital maneuvers, or infrequent defecation. The treatment is composed by behavioral measures and a therapeutic approach. Initial intervention should include dietary measures and fiber supplements; however, if fiber supplement action is ineffective, substances that increase the fecal bolus, lubricants, osmotic agents and laxatives can be used. The aim of the present study was to establish the efficacy, safety and validate an analytical method. Tamarine® jelly, a phytotherapic product from Barrenne Indústria Farmacêutica Ltda. a phytomedicine used as laxative. The research project with the experimental protocol and informed consent, were submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFC. The chromatographic profiles of Tamarine® jelly was done for confirmation of their constituents and stability analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method showed the quality of the samples tested and its stability after 2 years of storage. The toxicology clinical trial consisted of an open study with 24 healthy volunteers of both sexes, with a mean age of 26.8 7.8 years, who orally received a daily dose of 5g Tamarine® for 28 uninterrupted days. The volunteers were included in the study only when considered healthy after clinical evaluation, physical examination and laboratory tests which preceded the study. The laboratory tests included: heamatologic, biochemical and serologic analysis. This evaluation was repeated after the first, second, third and fourth week of treatment and at post-study. The jelly was well tolerated, however, some adverse gastrointestinal events were observed. Twenty volunteers (83.3%) reported episodes of light intestinal colic followed by hyperdefecation, five (20.8%) reported diarrhea and three (12.5%) flatulence and nausea. The clinical, electrocardiographic and laboratory tests did not show evidence of toxicity in the various organs and systems evaluated. The efficacy was evaluated in 124 constipated patients selected by Rome II criteria. The investigation was designed as a controlled, parallel and opened. After the selection period, Tamarine® (TAM) or Metamucil® (MET) was administered. Patients were provided with diary sheets to record each bowel movement and associated subjective symptoms rating stool consistency, abdominal pain and flatus. The efficacy and safety analyzed after each 14 days of treatment by the information recorded on diary and a global assessment of efficacy. Volunteers continuing with their routine activities and maintaining their normal general diets even showing a low consumption of fiber and liquids. The nutritional guidelines were implemented at the end of the study not to interfere in the results. TAM increased bowel frequency after 14 and 28 days when compared with no treatment period and on 7o, 14 o, 21o and 28o days was higher the MET (p<0,001). The stool consistency was changed and became softer in both groups. The alterations improved by TAM was observed in all treatment period (p<0,001) and MET changed only on the third week (p<0,05) . The patient’s global efficacy score (p=0,01 e 0,0367) and investigator’s (p=0,0083 e 0,0193) realized that on 14º and 28º days of treatment was superior for the TAM group compared with MET. No signs of clinical or laboratory toxicity was observed throughout the treatment period. Confirming their traditional use, the administration of 5g of jelly Tamarine ® phytotherapic proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of constipation.
Constipação é um problema clínico comum que compreende uma constelação de sintomas como excessivo esforço, fezes duras, sensação de evacuação incompleta, uso de manobras digitais, ou defecação infreqüente. Seu tratamento emprega medicamentos que aumentem a freqüência e facilitem as evacuações, bem como mudanças nos hábitos de vida. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar segurança, eficácia terapêutica e validar um método analítico para a geléia Tamarine®, um fitoterápico largamente utilizado como laxante, em pacientes com constipação intestinal funcional. Foi realizado o perfil cromatográfico da geléia Tamarine® para confirmação dos seus constituintes e análise de estabilidade empregando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), onde seus principais constituintes foram identificados através dos tempos de retenção característicos. A análise de estabilidade da formulação foi executada comparando os cromatogramas de lotes recém-fabricados com lotes após 2 anos de fabricação. O método desenvolvido comprovou a qualidade das amostras testadas e sua estabilidade após 2 anos de armazenamento. O estudo de toxicologia clínica foi do tipo aberto, realizado em 24 voluntários saudáveis de ambos os sexos que receberam diariamente a administração de 5g da geléia Tamarine® por 28 dias consecutivos. Os voluntários foram avaliados antes, durante e ao final do período de administração através de história médica, exame físicos e laboratoriais. A formulação foi bem tolerada e foram observados feitos adversos como cólicas (83,3%), aumento de evacuações (58,3%), diarréia (20,8%), flatulência e náuseas (12,5%). Os parâmetros hematológicos, metabólicos, função renal e hepática sofreram variações pontuais ao longo do estudo, entretanto, consideradas sem significado clínico. O estudo de eficácia terapêutica foi do tipo controlado, paralelo, aberto e randomizado empregando 124 voluntários com constipação intestinal funcional, selecionados de acordo com os critérios de Roma II e distribuídos aleatoriamente entre os grupos de tratamento com a geléia Tamarine® (TAM) ou Metamucil® (MET). Os pacientes em tratamento eram avaliados quinzenalmente para levantamento de efeitos adversos e avaliação da eficácia feita pelo registro das evacuações diárias, consistência das fezes e pela melhora global referida pelos mesmos. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou dieta pobre em fibras e baixa ingestão de líquidos, entretanto, suas dietas não foram alteradas durante o tratamento, as orientações nutricionais foram realizadas ao final do estudo para não interferir nos resultados. O uso do TAM aumentou o número de evacuações nos pacientes após 14 e 28 dias de tratamento, quando comparado com o período inicial de seleção. No 7o, 14 o, 21 o e 28 o dias a resposta dos pacientes que faziam seu uso foi maior do que o grupo tratado com MET (p0,001), bem como a taxa de melhora 166,7% (p=0,003). A consistência das fezes também melhorou, tornando-se mais amolecidas nos dois grupos. Tratamento com TAM reduziu a consistência das fezes em todo o período de tratamento (p<0,001) enquanto que o controle teve redução apenas na terceira semana (p<0,05). A avaliação global dos pacientes (p=0,01 e 0,0367) e do investigador (p=0,0083 e 0,0193) realizadas no 14º e 28º dias de tratamento mostrou melhor aceitação para o grupo tratado com TAM nos dois períodos de avaliação. Nenhum sinal de toxicidade clínica ou laboratorial foi observado em todo o período de tratamento. O presente ensaio clínico conclui que a administração de 5g da geléia Tamarine® é segura e eficaz no tratamento da constipação intestinal.