Academic literature on the topic 'Cast duplex stainless'

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Journal articles on the topic "Cast duplex stainless"

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Francis, Roger, and Stan Hebdon. "The Corrosion of Cast Duplex Stainless Steels in Seawater and Sour Brines." CORROSION 75, no. 11 (September 16, 2019): 1383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3284.

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Modern duplex stainless steels have been in use since the early 1970s and cast versions of the wrought alloys were soon in demand for pumps and valves. Since that time a range of cast duplex stainless steels have been developed with a wide range of compositions, but all with approximately 50/50 austenite/ferrite phase balance and deliberate additions of nitrogen. This paper presents some comparative corrosion data on a range of cast duplex stainless steels, mainly in seawater. The differences in performance related to composition and microstructure are discussed. Corrosion data in lower chloride brines are also presented to show the limits of use of some lower alloyed duplex materials. In addition to oxidizing chloride solutions, some data are presented on cast duplex stainless steels in reducing brines containing H2S, where the main corrosion problem is sulfide stress corrosion cracking. Finally, the importance of using a suitable technical specification, over and above ASTM, combined with selecting a suitably skilled foundry in order to obtain satisfactory castings is discussed.
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WANG, Yun. "Residual Stress Measurement of Centrifugally Cast Duplex Stainless Steel by Neutron Diffraction." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 66, no. 10 (2017): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.66.763.

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McConnell, Paul, William Sheckherd, and Douglas Norris. "Properties of thermally embrittled cast duplex stainless steel." Journal of Materials Engineering 11, no. 3 (December 1989): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02834840.

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Byun, T. S., Y. Yang, N. R. Overman, and J. T. Busby. "Thermal Aging Phenomena in Cast Duplex Stainless Steels." JOM 68, no. 2 (November 12, 2015): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1709-9.

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Kalandyk, B., R. Zapała, and M. Starowicz. "The Effect of Si and Mn on Microstructure and Selected Properties of Cr-Ni Stainless Steels." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0034.

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Abstract Cast stainless steel of the Cr-Ni duplex type is used, among others, for the cast parts of pumps and valves handling various chemically aggressive media. Therefore, the main problem discussed in this article is the problem of abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water and resistance to electrochemical corrosion in a 3% NaCl-H2O solution of selected cast steel grades, i.e. typical duplex cast steel, high silicon and manganese duplex cast steel, and Cr-Ni austenitic cast steel (type AISI 316L). The study shows that the best abrasion wear resistance comparable to Ni-Hart cast iron was obtained in the cast duplex steel, where Ni was partially replaced with Mn and N. This cast steel was also characterized by the highest hardness and matrix microhardness among all the tested cast steel grades. The best resistance to electrochemical corrosion in 3% NaCl-H2O solution showed the cast duplex steel with high content of Cr, Mo and N. The addition of Ni plays rather insignificant role in the improvement of corrosion resistance of the materials tested.
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Takahashi, O., Y. Shibui, P. G. Xu, S. Harjo, T. Suzuki, and Y. Tomota. "Microstructural Features and Ductile-Brittle Transition Behavior in Hot-Rolled Lean Duplex Stainless Steels." Quantum Beam Science 4, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs4010016.

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The characteristics of texture and microstructure of lean duplex stainless steels with low Ni content produced through hot rolling followed by annealing were investigated locally with electron backscatter diffraction and globally with neutron diffraction. Then, the ductile–brittle transition (DBT) behavior was studied by Charpy impact test. It is found that the DBT temperature (DBTT) is strongly affected by the direction of crack propagation, depending on crystallographic texture and microstructural morphology; the DBTT becomes extremely low in the case of fracture accompanying delamination. A high Ni duplex stainless steel examined for comparison, shows a lower DBTT compared with the lean steel in the same crack propagating direction. The obtained results were also discussed through comparing with those of cast duplex stainless steels reported previously (Takahashi et al., Tetsu-to-Hagané, 100(2014), 1150).
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Xue, Fei, Zhao-Xi Wang, Guogang Shu, Weiwei Yu, Hui-Ji Shi, and Wenxin Ti. "Thermal aging effect on Z3CN20.09M Cast Duplex Stainless Steel." Nuclear Engineering and Design 239, no. 11 (November 2009): 2217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.06.009.

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Chopra, O. K., and H. M. Chung. "Aging of cast duplex stainless steels in LWR systems." Nuclear Engineering and Design 89, no. 2-3 (November 1985): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(85)90069-x.

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Wang, Xiu Fang, Xiao Ping Yang, Zhen Dan Guo, Yin Chang Zhou, and Hong Wei Song. "Nanoindentation Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Ferrite and Austenite in Duplex Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.1165.

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The mechanical properties of as-cast and hot-forging duplex stainless steel samples with the same compositions were characterized by nanoindentation. The effect of surface treating method and working state of the sample on the nanoindentation results of ferrite and austenite were discussed. The results show that the Young’s modulus and hardness of ferrite and austenite may be affected by the treating method of sample surface. The difference of Young’s modulus average of ferrite or austenite between as-cast and hot-forging duplex stainless steel samples is not great, but the hardness average of ferrite or austenite in hot-forging sample is obviously higher than those of as-cast sample. The difference of hardness between ferrite and austenite in the same sample is not great, but the young’s modulus of ferrite is higher than that of austenite.
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Matias, João Vitor Silva, Sérgio Souto Maior Tavares, Juan Manuel Pardal, and Ruan Stevan de Almeida Ribeiro. "Embrittlement and Corrosion Decay of a Cast Duplex Stainless Steel." Materials Research 20, suppl 2 (July 20, 2017): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-0138.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cast duplex stainless"

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Kim, Yoon-Jun. "Phase Transformations in Cast Duplex Stainless Steels." Ames, Iowa : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : Ames Laboratory ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2004. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/837274-V0QAJQ/webviewable/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.); Submitted to Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (US); 19 Dec 2004.
Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "IS-T 2322" Yoon-Jun Kim. US Department of Energy 12/19/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.
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Shendye, Sanjay B. "Effect of long term elevated temperature exposure on the mechanical properties and weldability of cast duplex stainless steels /." Full text open access at:, 1985. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,115.

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Björn, Linnéa. "Investigation of Hot Ductility Gradients in Duplex Stainless Steel in the Beginning of the Continuous Casting Proces." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-160892.

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The steel quality is deteriorated at a continuous casting start. Therefore, material from the first cast slab is cut off and re-melted in the melt shop. If too little is discarded, the inferior quality in the retained length can cause defects like edge cracks during subsequent hot rolling. This means that manufacturing resources are wasted on processing inferior material which has to be re-melted anyways at a later stage. On the other hand, if an excessive length of the first slab is re-melted, good material is wasted. In either case, optimizing the length of the start-scrap material is both economically and environmentally beneficial. Edge cracks are more common in the beginning of the first slab, even though a part is cut off. It is likely that the edge cracks arise due to reduced hot ductility in the first cast material. The purpose of this project is to optimize where the cut should be made in order to achieve the best yield. The hot ductility was investigated by performing hot tensile- and bending tests. The hot tensile tests indicate high hot ductility for the investigated specimens. The area reduction, which is correlated to the hot ductility, is above 70 % for all the investigated specimens. When considering the average area reduction while neglecting possible differences between the heats, the specimens from one meter tend to have a lower hot ductility compared to the other specimens. However, the differences are small. No difference can be seen between edge and middle specimens when only looking at the tensile tests. The bending tests did not crack without notches, even though the maximum load and a test temperature of 750 °C was used. That strongly indicates high hot ductility as well. By using notches, the bending tests cracked and it was shown that edge specimens and specimens from one meter cracked the most. No edge cracks were found, after hot rolling, on the first cast slabs from the investigated heats.
Vid en stränggjutstart är kvalitén på första slaben sämre. På grund av detta så skärs en bit, av det först gjutna slabet av och smälts om i stålverket. Om för lite material kapas av kan det leda till defekter, såsom kantbrakor, under den efterföljande varmvalsningen. Detta innebär att resurser används i onödan för att tillverka material av otillräcklig kvalitet som sedan ändå måste smältas om i ett senare steg. Skärs istället för mycket material bort så smälts prima material om i onödan. Att optimera startskrotlängden är följaktligen positivt både för miljön och rent ekonomiskt. Under varmvalsningen kan defekten kantbrakor, det vill säga sprickor vid kanterna, uppstå. Trots att en bit av det första gjutna slabet skärs av, så är det första slabet fortfarande mest utsatt för kantbrakor. Detta tros bero på nedsatt varmduktilitet i det första gjutna materialet. Syftet med detta projekt är att optimera längden på startskrotet för att spara så mycket användbart material som möjligt. Varmduktiliteten undersöktes genom drag- och bockprovning. Dragproven indikerar hög varmduktilitet för de undersökta proven. Areakontraktionen, som är ett mått på varmduktiliteten, är över 70 % för alla undersökta prov. Medelareakontraktionen, när man bortser från eventuella skillnader mellan chargerna, visar att prov från en meter generellt har något lägre varmduktilitet än de övriga proven. Det är endast små skillnader som uppfattas. Ingen skillnad kan ses mellan kant- och mittenprov när man enbart tittar på dragprovsresultaten. Bockproven sprack inte trots att maximal last användes och att testtemperaturen var 750 °C. Detta tyder också på hög varmduktilitet. Genom att skapa anvisningar kunde man få bockproven att spricka och det visade sig att kantprov och prov från en meter sprack mest. Inga kantbrakor hade uppstått på de första gjutna slabsen under varmvalsningen av försökschargerna.
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Nascimento, Alex Maia do. "Obtenção por tratamento a laser e caracterização de composito superficial em aços inoxidaveis duplex fundidos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263555.

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Orientador: Maria Clara Filippini Ierardi
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho estudaram-se as relações de orientação entre a austenita e ferrita de três aços inoxidáveis duplex fundidos, ASTM A890 1A, 3A e 6A, na condição solubilizada. Logo após, tratamentos superficiais de refusão a laser simples (RL) e com injeção simultânea de partículas cerâmicas (RLI) foram realizados sobre as ligas. As mudanças microestruturais e os efeitos dos tratamentos sobre as propriedades de dureza, resistência ao desgaste e à corrosão das ligas foram analisadas. As mudanças microestruturais foram caracterizadas por microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura com detectores de EDAX e EBSD acoplados, difração de raios-X e microdureza Vickers. Realizaram-se ensaios de desgaste do tipo pino sobre disco sobre as três ligas, nas condições superficiais: inicial, RL e RLI. A análise do comportamento corrosivo das ligas, antes e após os tratamentos a laser, foi realizada usando-se ensaios de polarização em solução de 0,5M de H2SO4 + 0,5M de NaCl na temperatura ambiente. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as ligas na condição inicial apresentaram a existência de relações de orientação preferenciais entre a austenita e a ferrita, próxima aos modelos teóricos de Greninger-Troiano, Kurdjumov-Sachs e Bain. As superfícies tratadas por laser, apresentaram mudanças microestruturais significativas, as quais produziram durezas e resistências ao desgaste superiores as da condição inicial, e com a manutenção da elevada resistência à corrosão típica dos aços inoxidáveis duplex
Abstract: In this work was studied the orientation relations between austenite and ferrite in three cast duplex stainless steels, ASTM A890 1A, 3A, 6A on solution treatment. After that, simple laser surface remelting (LR) and laser melt injection (LMI) treatments were carried out on the alloys. The microstructural changes and the effects of laser treatments on hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance properties were analyzed. The microstructural changes were investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with integrated EDS and EBSD systems, X-ray diffraction and Vickers microhardness. The wear properties were measured by pin-on-disc tests on the three alloys in all different conditions : initial, LR and LMI. In order to analyze the corrosive behavior of the alloys before and after the treatments, polarization tests were carried out in the 0,5M de H2SO4 + 0,5M de NaCl solution at room temperature. The results obtained showed that the austenite and ferrite of alloys in the initial condition have orientation relations close to Greninger-Troiano, Kurdjumov-Sachs and Bain theoritical models. However, the laser treated surfaces showed accentuated microstructural changes and the microhardness and wear resistance were increased in comparing with the wear of the substrate. The three alloys in all conditions showed an excellent corrosion resistance what it is typical for the duplex stainless steels
Doutorado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Santos, Poliana Rochele F?lix dos. "Estudo da viabilidade t?cnica para obten??o de superf?cie duplex em a?o inoxid?vel martens?tico AISI 410 atrav?s do processo de deposi??o a plasma por gaiola cat?dica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12773.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The technique of plasma nitriding by the cathode cage mainly stands out for its ability to produce uniform layers, even on parts with complex geometries. In this study, it was investigated the efficiency of this technique for obtaining duplex surface, when used, simultaneously, to nitriding treatment and thin film deposition at temperatures below 500?C. For this, were used samples of AISI 41 0 Martensitic Stainless Steel and performed plasma treatment, combining nitriding and deposition of thin films of Ti and/or TiN in a plasma atmosphere containing N2-H2. It was used a cathodic cage of titanium pure grade II, cylindrical with 70 mm diameter and 34 mm height. Samples were treated at temperature 420?C for 2 and 12 hours in different working pressures. Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with micro-analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and analysis of Vickers Microhardness were used to investigate coating properties such as homogeneity and surface topography, chemical composition, layer thickness, crystalline phase, roughness and surface microhardness. The results showed there is a direct proportionality between the presence of H2 in plasma atmosphere and the quantity of titanium in surface chemical composition. It was also observed that the plasma treatment at lowpressure is more effective in formation of TiN thin film
A t?cnica de nitreta??o a plasma por gaiola cat?dica vem se destacando, principalmente, pela sua capacidade de produzir camadas uniformes mesmo em pe?as com geometria complexa. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a efici?ncia desta t?cnica para obten??o de superf?cie duplex, quando utilizada, simultaneamente, para tratamento de nitreta??o e deposi??o de filmes finos em temperaturas inferiores a 500?C. Para tal, foram utilizadas amostras do a?o inoxid?vel martens?tico AISI 410 e realizados tratamentos a plasma, combinando a nitreta??o e deposi??o de filmes finos de Ti e/ou TiN, em uma atmosfera contendo N2-H2. Foi utilizada uma gaiola cat?dica de tit?nio puro grau II em forma cil?ndrica, com 70 mm de di?metro e 34 mm de altura. As amostras foram tratadas numa temperatura de 420?C, com dura??o de 2 e 12 horas e em diferentes press?es de trabalho. Microscopia ?ptica (MO), Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) com microan?lise por Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS), Difra??o de Raios-X (DRX), Microscopia de For?a At?mica (MFA) e ensaio de Microdureza Vickers foram empregados para investigar as propriedades do revestimento, tais como homogeneidade e topografia superficial, composi??o qu?mica, espessura da camada, fases cristalinas, rugosidade e microdureza superficial. Os resultados mostraram existir uma proporcionalidade direta entre a presen?a de H2 na atmosfera do plasma e a quantidade do elemento qu?mico tit?nio na composi??o qu?mica superficial. Observou-se, tamb?m, que o tratamento a plasma em baixa press?o ? mais eficaz na forma??o do filme fino de nitreto de tit?nio
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Wen, Songqing. "Metallurgical evaluation of cast duplex stainless steels and their weldments." 2001. http://etd.utk.edu/2001/WenSongqing.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2001.
Title from title page screen. Document formatted into manuscript-like pagination: xx, 221 leaves : ill. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-220).
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Hariharan, Vasudevan. "The development of qualification standards for cast super duplex stainless steel (2507 wrought equivalent)." 2005. http://etd.utk.edu/2005/HariharanVasudevan.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Cast duplex stainless"

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Long-term embrittlement of cast duplex stainless steels in LWR systems: Semiannual report, April-September 1987. Washington, D.C: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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M, Chung H., and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering., eds. Long-term embrittlement of cast duplex stainless steels in LWR systems: Semiannual report, April-September 1987. Washington, D.C: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering. and Argonne National Laboratory, eds. Long-term embrittlement of cast duplex stainless steels in LWR systems: Semiannual report, October 1990-March 1991. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1992.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering. and Argonne National Laboratory, eds. Long-term embrittlement of cast duplex stainless steels in LWR systems: Semiannual report, October 1990-March 1991. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1992.

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Long-term embrittlement of cast duplex stainless steels in LWR systems: Semiannual report, October 1990-March 1991. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cast duplex stainless"

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Pineau, André, and Jacques Besson. "Thermal Embrittlement of Cast Duplex Stainless Steels: Observations and Modeling." In Duplex Stainless Steels, 161–208. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557990.ch5.

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Costa, A. P. O., R. O. Sousa, L. M. M. Ribeiro, A. D. Santos, and J. M. A. César de Sá. "Multiscale Modeling for Residual Stresses Analysis of a Cast Super Duplex Stainless Steel." In Materials Design and Applications III, 47–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68277-4_4.

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Schwarm, Samuel C., Sarah Mburu, R. Prakash Kolli, Daniel E. Perea, Jia Liu, and Sreeramamurthy Ankem. "Mechanical and Microstructural Effects of Thermal Aging on Cast Duplex Stainless Steels by Experiment and Finite Element Method." In Mechanical and Creep Behavior of Advanced Materials, 253–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51097-2_20.

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Liang, Dong, Honggang Zhong, Zhenxing Yin, and Qijie Zhai. "Influence of Cooling Rates on Nitrogen Precipitation Behaviors and the Ferrite Fraction in Cast 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel." In EPD Congress 2012, 25–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118359341.ch3.

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Shi, Y. Z., B. Yang, M. X. Zhang, H. C. Wu, and S. L. Wang. "Determination of Intergranular Corrosion Susceptibility of Z3CN20.09M Cast Duplex Stainless Steel by a Modified Double Loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation Method." In Energy Materials 2014, 557–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48765-6_68.

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Shi, Y. Z., B. Yang, M. X. Zhang, H. C. Wu, and S. L. Wang. "Determination of Intergranular Corrosion Susceptibility of Z3CN20.09M Cast Duplex Stainless Steel by a Modified Double Loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation Method." In Energy Materials 2014, 557–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119027973.ch68.

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YI, SUN, C. DUVAL, and G. ROUSSELIER. "ANALYSIS OF THE PLASTIC INSTABILITY AND FRACTURE OF A THERMALLY AGED CAST DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL." In Mechanical Behaviour of Materials VI, 209–14. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-037890-9.50041-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cast duplex stainless"

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Le Delliou, Patrick, and Sébastien Saillet. "Recent Improvements in Toughness Prediction of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Components." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93114.

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Abstract Thermal ageing of cast duplex stainless steel components is a concern for long-term operation of EDF nuclear power plants. The thermal ageing embrittlement results from the microstructural evolution of the ferrite phase (spinodal decomposition), and can reduce the fracture toughness properties of the steel. In addition, it is necessary to consider manufacturing quality and the possible occurrence of casting defects such as shrinkage cavities. In a context of life extension, it is important to assess the safety margins to crack initiation and crack propagation instability. One major input of the assessment methodology is the toughness value of the thermally aged component. Recent work conducted at EDF R&D to improve the accuracy and the conservativeness of the toughness prediction has led to the development of new prediction formulae. The toughness prediction relies on three steps: • estimation of the Charpy impact test values at 20 and 320°C using the chemical composition of the steel and the aging conditions (temperature and duration), • estimation of the J-R curve at 20 and 320°C - defined by a power law J = CΔan - thanks to correlations between n and C and the Charpy impact test values, • estimation of the J-R curve at any temperature between 20 and 320°C thanks to interpolation formulae. The paper presents the experimental data used to develop the formulae, the formulae themselves and some elements of validation.
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Le Delliou, Patrick, Sébastien Saillet, and Georges Bezdikian. "Large EDF Tests on Aged Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Components: Part II — Full Scale Tests." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45961.

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Thermal ageing of cast duplex stainless steel primary loops components (elbows, pump casings and branch connections) is a concern for long-term operation of EDF nuclear power plants. The thermal ageing embrittlement results from the microstructural evolution of the ferrite phase (spinodal decomposition), and can reduce the fracture toughness properties of the steel. In addition, it is necessary to consider manufacturing quality and the possible occurrence of casting defects such as shrinkage cavities. In a context of life extension, it is important to assess the safety margins to crack initiation and crack propagation instability. This paper presents two tests conducted by EDF on aged cast duplex stainless steel NPP components, respectively on a full-scale elbow and a branch connection. The main characteristics of the tests are recalled, the results are presented, and finally, the lessons drawn are summarized. These tests and their detailed analyses contribute to validate and justify the methodology used by EDF in the integrity assessment of in-service cast duplex stainless steel components.
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Le Delliou, Patrick, Sébastien Saillet, and Georges Bezdikian. "Large EDF Tests on Aged Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Components: Part I — Reduced Scale Tests." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45960.

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Thermal ageing of cast duplex stainless steel primary loops components (elbows, pump casings and branch connections) is a concern for long-term operation of EDF nuclear power plants. The thermal ageing embrittlement results from the micro-structural evolution of the ferrite phase (spinodal decomposition), and can reduce the fracture toughness properties of the steel. In addition, it is necessary to consider manufacturing quality and the possible occurrence of casting defects such as shrinkage cavities. In a context of life extension, it is important to assess the safety margins to crack initiation and crack propagation instability. This paper presents several tests conducted by EDF on aged cast duplex stainless steel NPP components, respectively on two-third scale elbows and welded mock-ups. The main characteristics of the tests are recalled, the results are presented, and finally, the lessons drawn are summarized. These tests and their detailed analyses contribute to validate and justify the methodology used by EDF in the integrity assessment of in-service cast duplex stainless steel components.
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Kawaguchi, Seiichi, Takeharu Nagasaki, and Koji Koyama. "Prediction Method of Tensile Properties and Fracture Toughness of Thermal Aged Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Piping." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71528.

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Cast duplex stainless steels of CF8M and CF8 are used in major components because of their superior characteristics, such as corrosion resistance, weldability, and so on. However, these stainless steels are known to have tendency of thermal aging embrittlement after long term service. Therefore, the mechanical properties have been investigated using tensile test specimens and fracture toughness specimens aged at 300 to 450°C for up to 40,000 hours. From the results, the effects of thermal aging on the mechanical properties of these cast duplex stainless steels were identified. The true stress-true strain curve prediction method (TSS model) and fracture toughness prediction method (H3T model) after long term service were established. These prediction methods are used for the evaluation on the plant life management of nuclear power plants in Japan.
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Yao, Yuhong, Jianfeng Wei, Jiangnan Liu, Zhengpin Wang, and Yu Wang. "Thermal Ageing Embrittlement of Casting Duplex Stainless Steels for Nuclear Power Plant." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29982.

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Cast duplex stainless steels (CSS) used for PWR pipes are degraded due to thermal ageing embrittlement during long-term service at 288 °C to 327 °C. Z3CN20-09M Cast duplex Stainless Steels (CSS) made in France for domestic nuclear power plants were thermally aged at 400 °C for 100 h, 300 h, 1000 h, 3000 h and 10000 h. The tensile properties and the impact properties at different thermal aging duration were measured and the effects of the thermal aging time on the microscopic structures and substructures of Z3CN20-09M were respectively investigated by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the tensile strengths of Z3CN20-09M CSS increased gradually with the increment of the thermal ageing time, whereas the impact properties decreased with the prolonging of the thermal ageing time. After long thermal ageing time the dislocation configurations were greatly changed in austenite, and there were precipitates along the austenite-ferrite interface. Moreover, the iron-rich α phase and the chromium-rich α phase precipitated in ferrite aged for 10000h by nucleation and growth rather than the spinodal decomposition. All of above revealed that Z3CN20-09M CSS became brittle during thermal ageing.
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Faidy, Claude. "Ageing Management of Cast Stainless Steel Components in French PWRs." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78843.

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During the past 20 years many works have been done on Ageing Management Program (AMP) of Safety classed components in EDF. To-day, EDF is starting the 3rd ten-year shutdown of all these 3-loop plants (34 plants). During the associated Safety Review, a specific task is devoted to ageing effects and management of all the safety concerned components. A large list of components has been reviewed: mechanical, civil engineering, instrumentation and control, cables, non metallic components. Cast duplex stainless steel components are an example of these reviews. This material is used in many PWR components: elbows, pump casing, valves…A specific Ageing Management Program has been developed in France in the past 20 years in order to consider thermal ageing consequences on different components. This program considers: - Degradation mechanism understanding; - Diagnostic: what are the more sensitive components; - Monitoring in operation: thermal power; - In-service inspection: radiography and other laboratory methods; - Flaw evaluation and material properties; - Replacement of elbows, alone or associated to steam generator replacement. The paper will give a short description of each topic. In the moment EDF is planning a large replacement program of CF8M elbows to assure safety margins for 60 years of operation.
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Su, Yuhua, Kenichi Oikawa, Takuro Kawasaki, Tetsuya Kai, Yoshinori Shiota, Hirotaka Sato, Takenao Shinohara, et al. "Microstructure and Residual Strain Distribution in Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Studied by Neutron Imaging." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Science at J-PARC — Unlocking the Mysteries of Life, Matter and the Universe —. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.8.031015.

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Le Delliou, Patrick, Georges Bezdikian, Pascal Ould, and Nathalie Safa. "Full-Scale Test on an Aged Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Lateral Connection: Results and Analysis." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-94005.

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Some components (elbows, pump casings and lateral connections) of the primary loop of French PWRs are made of static cast duplex stainless steels. This kind of steel may age even at relatively low temperatures (in the temperature range of PWR service conditions), depending on the material composition. An important consequence of this ageing process is the decrease in the ductility and fracture toughness of the material. It is feared that an embrittlement, associated with the occurrence of casting defects, may increase the risk of failure. Therefore, an extensive programme has been launched by EDF in co-operation with Framatome ANP, in order to determine acceptability criteria for operating cast stainless steel components. This programme relies on a large R&D effort, involving metallurgical studies, large-scale experiments, development of specific finite element tools and J-estimation schemes, and research of methods to assess the ageing state of in-service components. This paper presents the main characteristics and results of an experiment conducted on an aged cast 45 degree lateral connection. This connection contained a machined notch at the acute corner and was tested under internal pressure. The chemical composition was chosen to obtain a fast thermal ageing and low fracture toughness properties. During the test, the defect initiated and grew subsequently by ductile tearing. The test showed that it was possible to obtain a significant amount of stable crack growth (about 2.5 mm) despite the low toughness properties of the aged material. The pressure reached at the end of the test was about twice the in-service pressure. A detailed fracture mechanics analysis, based on finite element calculations, was performed. These calculations fairly simulated the overall behaviour of the tested structure, gave a conservative prediction of the crack initiation pressure and well predicted the crack size associated with the maximum pressure. These tests and their detailed analyses contribute to validate and justify the methodology used in the integrity assessment of in-service cast duplex stainless steel components.
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Le Delliou, Patrick, and Sébastien Saillet. "Integrity and Life Assessment of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Elbows of EDF PWR Main Coolant Piping." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45231.

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Thermal ageing of cast duplex stainless steel elbows is a concern for long-term operation of EDF nuclear power plants. The thermal ageing embrittlement results from the micro-structural evolution of the ferrite phase (spinodal decomposition), and can reduce the fracture toughness properties of the steel. In addition, it is necessary to consider manufacturing quality and the possible occurrence of casting defects such as shrinkage cavities. In a context of life extension, it is important to assess the safety margins to crack initiation and crack propagation instability. This paper reports the present integrity and life assessment methodologies as carried out by EDF. The approach is based on the in-service inspection and surveillance RSE-M Code and on French regulation requirements for NPPs in operation. This work is supported by an extensive R&D programme on one hand and on field experience analysis on the other hand. The paper details the three main topics of the life assessment methodology: - estimation of the fracture toughness of the steel with predictive formulae using the chemical composition and ageing conditions, - definition of a reference crack size based on an inventory of the manufacturing quality of the elbows, - fracture mechanics evaluation based on the J parameter, computed either by an engineering estimation method or by a finite element analysis. The calculated J parameter is then compared with the estimated fracture toughness of the material. Partial safety coefficients are included in the calculation process as required by the RSE-M Code.
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Ligneau, N., C. Page`s, M. Akamatsu, C. Pokor, and V. Calonne-Chatelee. "Integrity and Life Assessment of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Elbows Used in the Primary Loops of PWRs." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77731.

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Type CF8M cast duplex stainless steels used in the primary loop elbows of PWRs can be affected by thermal aging embrittlement at service temperature, which is around 300°C. This mechanism, resulting from the microstructural evolution of the ferrite, can reduce their fracture toughness properties. In addition, it is necessary to consider manufacturing quality and the possible occurrence of casting defects, such as shrinkage cavities. In a context of life extension, it is important to assess the margins for crack initiation and crack propagation instability. This paper reports the present integrity and life expectancy assessment methodologies as carried out by EDF. The French approach is based on engineering code RSE-M guidelines and French regulation requirements on NPPs in operation. This work is supported by an extensive R&D program on one hand and on field experience analysis on the other hand. It is shown how R&D and engineering tools complement each other. This paper details the three main topics of the life assessment methodology: - Fracture toughness estimates are made with predictive formulae based on chemical composition and aging conditions. These formulae are supported by a data base which is regularly up-dated with new measurements. - An inventory of manufacturing quality is drawn up and the most severe defects are characterized regarding mechanical concerns. - Fracture mechanics analyses are performed using both engineering simplified methods and classical finite element analysis. The calculated J parameter is then compared with the estimated fracture toughness of the material. Margin coefficients are included in the calculation process as required by the French regulation and code. Finally, this evaluation enables the utility to: - Identify the sensitive parts regarding the aging of cast components, - Perform a monitoring and a maintenance program as necessary.
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Reports on the topic "Cast duplex stainless"

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Kim, Yoon-Jun. Phase Transformations in Cast Duplex Stainless Steels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837274.

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Chumbley, S. L. Clean cast steel technology. Determination of transformation diagrams for duplex stainless steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/850237.

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Wen, Songqing, Carl, W. Lundin, and Greg, W. Batten. Final Report, Volume 1, Metallurgical Evaluation of Cast Duplex Stainless Steels and their Weldments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861365.

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Russell, Steven, W., and Carl, D. Lundin. Final Report, Volume 2, The Development of Qualification Standards for Cast Duplex Stainless Steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861366.

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Wen, Songqing, Carl, W. Lundin, and Greg, W. Batten. Final Report, Volume 1, Metallurgical Evaluation of Cast Duplex Stainless Steels and their Weldments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861930.

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Russell, Steven, W., and Carl, W. Lundin. Final Report, Volume 2, The Development of Qualification Standards for Cast Duplex Stainless Steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861931.

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Hariharan, Vasudevan, and Carl, D. Lundin. Final Report, Volume 3, Guidance Document for the Evaluation of Cast Super Duplex Stainless Steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861368.

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Hariharan, Vasudevan, and Carl, W. Lundin. Final Report, Volume 3, Guidance Document for the Evaluation of Cast Super Duplex Stainless Steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861932.

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Hariharan, Vasudevan, and Carl, W. Lundin. Final Report, Volume 4, The Development of Qualification Standards for Cast Super Duplex Stainless Steel (2507 Wrought Equivalent). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861933.

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Chopra, O. K. Long-term embrittlement of cast duplex stainless steels in LWR systems. Semiannual report, April--September 1992: Volume 7, No. 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176200.

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