Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cast-iron Testing

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Cast-iron Testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cast-iron Testing"

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Darmawan, Agung Setyo, Agus Dwi Anggono, Agus Yulianto, Bambang Waluyo Febriantoko, Masyrukan, and Abdul Hamid. "Comparison of Microstructure, Yield Strength, Tensile Strength, and Modulus of Elasticity between Gray Cast Iron and Nodular Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 935 (November 30, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-2094w8.

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Gray cast iron has graphite flakes which makes it relatively weak and brittle. The addition of magnesium to gray cast iron resulted in nodular cast iron which has spherical graphite. The aim of this research was to investigate the changes in the microstructure and strength due to the addition of magnesium to gray cast iron. Microstructure observations were made by metallographic testing using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Tensile testing was carried out to measure the yield strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity. The addition of magnesium to gray cast iron was observed to increase the yield strength by 179%, tensile strength by 238%, and decrease the modulus of elasticity by 94%.
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Danilov, V. N., and L. V. Voronkova. "SOME FEATURES OF ULTRASONIC TESTING OF CAST IRON OBJECTS WITH FLAKE AND GLOBULAR GRAPHITE USING NORMAL LINEAR PROBES WITH PHASED ARRAYS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 261 (March 2020): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.03.pp.004-019.

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Computer modelling of the acoustic characteristics of signals of direct normal probe with phased array (PFR) in the cast iron with flake and globular graphite was performed. As a result the form of acoustic pulses of a longitudinal wave, depending on the passed by wave distance and the values of attenuation coefficient for different models of cast iron was calculated. The main modeled characteristics of the probe include the directivity characteristic and the change in the amplitude of the signal along the acoustic axis. It is shown that the difference in the PFR directivity characteristics for cast iron with flake graphite of different models and steel is due to two factors – significantly lower longitudinal wave velocities in cast iron compared to steel and a decrease in its operating frequency due to attenuation. In this case, for cast iron with globular graphite, a small change in the width of the diagrams is due only to the lower speed of longitudinal waves in cast iron compared to steel. For cast iron with flake graphite model 3, the phenomenon of nonlinear attenuation due to a decrease in the frequency of the maximum of the signal spectrum during the propagation of a longitudinal wave in cast iron with a corresponding decrease in the frequency – dependent attenuation coefficient is established. Evaluation of the nonlinearity of attenuation for cast iron with globular graphite showed that it is very small. The influence of calculation of initial signal delays on the velocity of longitudinal waves in steel on the directivity characteristics in cast iron, decreasing with increasing focus distance, is established. It is shown that for cast iron with flake graphite there are cases when the direction of transmitting of PFR in cast iron is practically absent.
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Li, Wen Wei, Qing Du, and Wei Zhong Li. "Analysis of the Common Causes of Papermaking Cast Iron Dryer's Defects and the Study of Test On-Line." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1851.

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The existing researches only put forward the stress concentration portion and design improvements from the perspective of stress analysis, or conducts safety assessment on dryers with the methodology of fracture mechanics, without non-destructive testing methods. Based on over 3,400 tests on cast iron dryers in Hangzhou, an ultrasonic testing technology with longitudinal wave double crystal probe is developed in the present investigation. This study illustrates how to identify the volume defects through testing on the air holes, shrinkage cavities and inclusions in the dryer cylinder and small R transition zone with longitudinal wave double crystal probe at a small angle (5°), as well as plane defects with deep cracks through testing on the dryer cylinder and small R transition zone with longitudinal wave double crystal probe at a large angle (42°). It addresses the issues of how to measure the thickness in regular online testing for cast iron dryers, to calculate the intensity or compare with the design value, to identify low hardness value, to determine the key parts in online testing, and how to conduct safety assessment on the cast iron dryers with small cracks. This technique may resolve various problems in cast iron dryer testing.
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Cherezov, L. A., V. B. Nikolaev, and G. G. Yurgens. "Nondestructive hardness testing of malleable cast iron castings." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21, no. 10 (October 1985): 502–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01149917.

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Pietrowski, S., and G. Gumienny. "Microsegregation in Nodular Cast Iron with Carbides." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0120-z.

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Abstract In this paper results of microsegregation in the newly developed nodular cast iron with carbides are presented. To investigate the pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides obtained by Inmold method were chosen. The distribution of linear elements on the eutectic cell radius was examined. To investigate the microsegregation pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides obtained by Inmold method were chosen. The linear distribution of elements on the eutectic cell radius was examined. Testing of the chemical composition of cast iron metal matrix components, including carbides were carried out. The change of graphitizing and anti-graphitizing element concentrations within eutectic cell was determined. It was found, that in cast iron containing Mo carbides crystallizing after austenite + graphite eutectic are Si enriched.
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Sabiniak, Henryk G. "Testing worm gears with cooperating elements made of different materials." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 3 (August 5, 2016): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650116656982.

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The author tested the efficiency, load-carrying capacity, and the type of friction in a meshing of a worm gear having the same parameters as worms made of carburized and quenched steel and worm-wheels made of steel, cast iron, and bronze. The type of friction was identified in case of worm gears with steel and cast iron worm-wheel at a volume temperature of the worm-wheel of 100 ℃; these gears did not demonstrate the tendency to seizure. The value of resistance of an oil film formed between the worm and the worm-wheel was accepted as the criterion of the existing type of friction in the meshing during mating of these two elements. The resistance of the oil film in the worm meshing was measured twice each time for two directions of the passage of electric current to avoid the effect of possibly occurring polarization phenomenon. Obtained values were averaged. During the course of the experiments, the image of friction was observed on the screen of an oscilloscope. Obtained values of the oil film resistance prove the low participation of fluid friction in the worm meshing with the worm-wheel made of steel as well as of cast iron. In case of the gear with the steel worm-wheel, the decrease of resistance in comparison with the bronze worm-wheel amounted to approximately 10 times and that of cast iron to almost 100 times. On the basis of the tests one can state that the application of steel worm-wheels and in particularly cast iron worm wheels makes it difficult for the fluid friction to occur while the application of a traditional material mating pair (a steel worm–a bronze worm-wheel) forms conditions for the occurrence of a mixed friction with a very high (approximately 99%) participation of fluid friction.
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Voronkova, Liubov V. "Recent Advances in Cast Iron Structure and Properties Ultrasonic Testing and Flaw Detection." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.499.

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The advantage of ultrasonic testing of iron castings prior to destructive control consists of an impressive reduction in time and costs, as well as the ability to assess the quality of the metal anywhere on the castings. According to the acoustic characteristics of cast iron it is possible to determine the form of graphite in it and its strength. The presence of chill in the metallic base and the thickness of the chilled layer is also determined by ultrasonic method. The use of electronic signal processing allows to distinguish it from high structural noise, which makes possible the testing of cast iron for a thickness of several meters. The use of transducers with phased array is the basis of the flaw detection of containers for nuclear waste from cast iron with globular graphite with a thickness of 500 mm.
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Yan, Yan Hong, Yu Lin Yang, and Nan Wang. "Study on Tribology Characteristic of the Cast Iron Friction Pair in the Self-Repairing Additive and Mechanism Analyzing." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1896.

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Influence of frictional wear characteristics of the cast iron-cast iron friction pair were investigated in the Self-repairing Additive with different concentration by using MMU-5G end-face friction and wear testing machine. The capability of generating self-repair coatings on the cast iron tribo-surface was verified in the Self-repairing Additive. The surface images of friction pair and their chemical composition were detected by using SEM and EDS. The result indicates different concentration has a great influence on frictional wear characteristics of friction pair in the Self-repairing Additive. In the self-repairing Additive, the Self-repair coatings are not formed on the cast-iron worn surface; self-repairing Additive has remarkable effect on antifriction and wearing of cast iron.
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Danilov, V. N., and L. V. Voronkova. "INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF ATTENUATION OF ELASTIC LONGITUDINAL WAVES IN CAST IRON WITH FLAKE GRAPHITE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SIGNALS DURING ULTRASONIC TESTING." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 252 (2019): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.06.pp.018-033.

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The model of estimation of damping coefficient of elastic longitudinal waves in cast iron with flake graphite due to their Rayleigh and phase scattering on graphite inclusions, considering the deviation of the modulus of bulk elasticity of the phases of cast iron (metal base and graphite) from the mean value, is developed according to the theory of Mason. At the same time, the characteristics of cast iron used for calculations include the value of the longitudinal wave velocity, the mass content of graphite inclusions and their average size. In the process of studying the effect of attenuation of elastic longitudinal waves in cast iron with flake graphite on the characteristics of signals with narrow, medium width and wide spectra, a difference in the nature of the spectra changes due to frequency-dependent attenuation depending on the nominal pulse frequencies, cast iron models and the distance traveled by the ultrasonic wave is established. It is shown that the shorter the pulse, the greater the shift of the spectrum maximum in the frequency range less than the nominal. The effect of attenuation of longitudinal waves in cast iron with flake graphite on the impulse directivity characteristic of the round piezoplate depending on the cast iron model and pulse spatial length is established. The expansion of pulse directivity characteristics with increasing of the distance traveled by the wave in cast iron is shown, the greater the wider the pulse spectrum.
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Danilov, V. N., and L. V. Voronkova. "INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF ULTRASONIC TESTING OF CAST IRON WITH LAMELLAR GRAPHITE USING STANDARD NORMAL PROBE." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 259 (2020): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.01.pp.004-018.

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Computer simulation of acoustic paths for medium – cast iron with lamellar graphite for standard normal probe of several types was carried out in order to study the effect of such medium on the characteristics of transmitted and received signals during ultrasonic testing. In the course of studies to calculate the attenuation coefficient of longitudinal waves in cast iron with lamellar graphite, due to their Rayleigh and phase scattering by graphite inclusions, the previously developed model was used. Comparison of the results of calculations of spectra and pulses of the recorded signals for two samples of cast iron with lamellar graphite confirmed the possibility of using the developed calculation model for a description of real physical phenomena adequate for the practice of ultrasonic testing. The ratio of the recorded signal and structural noise levels for different models of transducers, reflectors and characteristics of the controlled cast iron is estimated. Shown that increased attenuation of the longitudinal wave in cast iron in comparison with steel as a result of scattering by inclusions leads to higher level of this noise and can greatly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio in the detection of the reflected from the defect signals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cast-iron Testing"

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Conroy, Ashley Paul. "The development of a high stress abrasive wear tester." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1992.

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Borwankar, Raunak. "Optical Non-Destructive Surface Inspection and Automatic Classification of Cast Iron Automotive Part." Digital WPI, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1229.

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Over the past decade, research into computer vision has proliferated with the goal to incorporate artificial intelligence into a wide range of applications. These applications can be as sophisticated as intelligent assistants in smartphones and self-driving cars or as mundane as text and face recognition. While most of these applications are software based, they represent unique challenges when it comes to industrial implementation. This thesis concentrates on an optical non-destructive testing (NDT) and automatic classification methodology using customized image processing techniques. In contrast to conventional spatial analyses, which are highly susceptible to noise and human perception, our proposed transform domain approach provides a high degree of robustness and flexibility in feature selection and hence a better classification efficiency. Our presented algorithm classifies the Part-Under-Test (PUT) into two bins of either acceptable or faulty using transform domain techniques in conjunction with a classifier. Because the classification is critically dependent on the features extracted from these images, a sophisticated scalable database was created. This thesis applies transform domain techniques such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Rotated Wavelet Transform (RWT) for feature extraction and then classifies the PUT based on those features. Although, this approach achieves promising classification efficiency, it does not meet industrial standards. It was concluded that in order to achieve those standards, the effect of emissivity fluctuations of the PUT should be negated. The research was then extended to apply an image acquisition algorithm in the form of shape from polarization. The approach exploits the partially linearly polarization of reflected light from the PUT surface. It was observed that this method could not only detect if the PUT is faulty or fault free, but also highlight the locations of the flaws.
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Ghasemi, Rohollah. "The influence of microstructure on mechanical and tribological properties of lamellar and compacted irons in engine applications." Doctoral thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Material och tillverkning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-32052.

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Lamellar graphite iron (LGI) is commonly used in diesel engine applications such as piston rings–cylinder liner where an excellent combination of physical and tribological properties is essential to avoid scuffing and bore polishing issues. The excellent tribological behaviour of LGI alloys is related to the graphite lamellas, which act as solid lubricant agents by feeding onto the tribosurfaces under sliding conditions. However, increasingly tighter emissions and fuel economy legislations and the higher demands on enhanced power and durability have encouraged both engine designers and manufacturers to introduce pearlitic compacted graphite irons (CGI) as an alternative material replacing LGI, although the poor machinability of pearlitic CGI alloys compared to the LGI remains a challenge. The focus of this study is placed on investigating how the microstructure of LGI and CGI alloys affects their mechanical and tribological properties. This was initially undertaken by investigating representative, worn lamellar cast iron piston rings taken from a two-stroke large-bore heavy-duty diesel engine. As known that it is tribologically essential to keep the graphite open under sliding conditions, in particular under starved lubrication regimes or unlubricated conditions to avoid scuffing issues; however, this study revealed the closure of a majority of graphite lamellas; profoundly for those lamellas that were parallel to sliding direction; due to the severe matrix deformation caused by abrasion. Both microindentation and microscratch testing, which were used to crudely simulate the abrasion under starved lubricated condition in combustion chamber, suggested a novel mechanism of activating the graphite lamellas to serve as lubricating agents in which the matrix deformation adjacent to the graphite initially resulted in fracturing and then extrusion of the graphite lamellas. Additionally, in order to investigate the relation between matrix constituents, mechanical properties and machinability of cast iron materials, solution-strengthened CGI alloys were produced with different levels of silicon and section thicknesses. The results showed significant improvements in mechanical properties and machinability while deteriorating the ductility. Moreover, multiple regression analysis, based on chemical composition and microstructural characteristics was used to model the local mechanical properties of high Si ferritic CGI alloys, followed by implementing the derived models into a casting process simulation which enables the local mechanical properties of castings with complex geometries. Very good agreement was observed between the measured and predicted microstructure and mechanical properties.
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Martins, Laura Pires Ribeiro. "Avaliação das propriedades físicas dos ferros fundidos pelos métodos de ensaios não destrutivos: ultrassom e frequência de ressonância." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1683.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laura Martins.pdf: 7177519 bytes, checksum: b45e0db2f27a3c198d3ed77145efa51c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-27
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In the production of automotive parts and components, nondestructive testing is of great importance for the estimation of physical and mechanical properties such as the detection of defects. This study aims the evaluation of two non-destructive tests (ultrasound and resonance frequency) by determining the elastic modulus and damping capacity in samples with different graphite morphology and also in thin wall sections of engine blocks. These techniques were also used to identify the presence of solidification microporosity. It was found that these methods allow estimating values of elastic modulus very accurately, better to that obtained with tensile test. Also the correlation between microstructure and mechanical and physical properties are better with ultrasonic and resonance frequency than with tensile test. Those tests also enable to characterize the influence of microporosities on the elastic behavior, as well as the response and sensitivity of damping capacity with the increase of interfaces in the microstructure. the resonant frequency test provide better results when compared with ultrasound, mainly for the characterization of the microstructure, the presence of defects and determination of modulus of elasticity and damping at specimens with regular geometry, since the results resonant test is affected by the total microstructure of the sample, not only by local microstructure, as in the ultrasonic testing. The study of the thin sections in cylinder blocks enabled to correlate microstructures with the thickness of the sections for both materials (gray and compacted graphite iron) and the modulus of elasticity. It also showed the influence of the graphite (morphology and nodularization) on the damping.. Due to geometric limits, the ultrasound test stood out to be more effective in the local measurement of modulus of elasticity for these samples. Thus, for the conditions of microstructure characterization, evaluation of properties and identification and determination of defects, ultrasound set to be more effective technique for scientific studies (samples with regular geometry) and direct application in the industry (thin sections of engine blocks ).
Para a produção de peças e componentes automobilísticos, a utilização de ensaios não destrutivos é de grande importância, tanto para a estimativa de propriedades físicas e mecânicas como na detecção de defeitos. Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar dois métodos de ensaios não destrutivos (ultrassom e frequência de ressonância) através da determinação do módulo de elasticidade e do amortecimento de vibrações para amostras com variação de morfologia da grafita e seções de parede fina dos blocos de motor. Essas técnicas também foram empregadas para identificar a presença de microporosidades de contração na solidificação. Verificou-se que essas metodologias permitem estimar valores de módulo de elasticidade com bastante precisão, superior à obtida com ensaios de tração e estabelecem melhores correlações entre as microestruturas e as propriedades mecânico-físicas. Esses ensaios, ainda, possibilitam caracterizar a influência dos microrechupes sobre o comportamento elástico, bem como a resposta e sensibilidade da capacidade de amortecimento com o aumento de interfaces na microestrutura do material. Através dessas avaliações observou-se uma maior eficácia do ensaio de frequência de ressonância quando comparado com o ultrassom, pois através desse pode-se obter melhores resultados para a caracterização das condições da microestrutura, da presença de defeitos e na determinação do módulo de elasticidade e amortecimento em corpos de prova de geometria regular. O estudo das seções finas possibilitou correlacionar as microestruturas com as espessuras das seções para ambos os materiais (ferro fundido cinzento e vermicular). Ainda possibilitou verificar a influência da grafita (morfologia e grau de nodularização) sobre o amortecimento. Para essas análises, verificaram-se as condições e dificuldades dos ensaios não destrutivos quanto à geometria e acabamento dos corpos de prova e fatores ligados à microestrutura. Durante esse estudo, o ensaio de ultrassom destacou-se por ser mais eficaz na medição local do módulo de elasticidade para essas amostras. Assim, para as condições de caracterização de microestrutura, avaliação das propriedades, e identificação e determinação de defeitos, o ultrassom configura ser a técnica mais eficaz para estudos científicos (amostras com geometria regular) e aplicação direta na indústria (seções finas dos blocos de motor).
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Matulová, Anna. "Vysoce legované litiny Ni-resist a jejich vlastnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401520.

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This master’s thesis deals with high-alloyed Ni-Resist cast irons and their properties. The theoretical part describes their chemical composition and individual elements from which are these cast irons composed, their characteristic properties and examples of use in practice. Furthermore, the work focuses on the wear of materials, especially on abrasive wear, because Ni-Resist casts iron exhibit a number of specific properties, such as corrosion resistance, refractoriness and heat resistance and also abrasion resistance, on which is this thesis focused. Attention is also paid to other abrasion resistant materials, because specimens from different materials are compared in the practical part in order to find a more suitable material for the production of plate castings into the shakeouts.
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Blaha, Marek. "Optimalizace výroby litinových odlitků za účelem snížení výskytu vad." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231936.

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The presented diploma thesis is focused on defects of castings as well as optimization of production with the aim of reducing the number of defective products. The theoretical part is focused on basic information about cast iron and its production, structure and mechanical properties. Another part of this thesis describes the defects of castings and options for non-destructive testing of cast iron castings. In the experimental part are analyzed three sorts of defective casting. Castings for testing were provided by JMA s.r.o. foundry. The summary contains tests results and proposals for optimization of production.
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Lobo, Luciano Jairo. "Estudo comparativo do comportamento entre brocas alargadoras e processo de alargamento na usinagem do ferro fundido cinzento GG30." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1416.

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O processo convencional de furação é um dos processos de usinagem empregado em larga escala, normalmente utilizado em operações com menor responsabilidade na qualidade superficial dos furos usinados, atingindo perfis de rugosidade na ordem de 6,3 Ra. Para processos mais refinados, que atinjam 0,8 Ra, por exemplo, opta-se por processos de alargamento, mandrilamento, entre outros, que são mais onerosos em relação aos custos com ferramentas de corte e, principalmente, o tempo de operação. Na tentativa de reduzir o tempo de usinagem melhorando a qualidade dos furos obtidos nestes processos, fabricantes de ferramentas vêm desenvolvendo e aprimorando geometrias capazes de conjugar as operações de furação com operações de alargamento, obtendo resultados expressivos do ponto de vista de produtividade. As brocas alargadoras, entre outras características, são fabricadas com maior número de gumes de corte, chegando a oito de acordo com o diâmetro da ferramenta. Os canais principais têm a função de desbaste e alta remoção de cavaco, enquanto os outros canais atuam de forma a reduzir a rugosidade, removendo pouco material e proporcionando maior estabilidade para a ferramenta durante a usinagem. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar o comportamento do processo de usinagem por brocas alargadoras de quatro e seis cortes na obtenção de furos com valores máximos de rugosidade até 0,8 Ra no material ferro fundido GG30, comparando os resultados com o processo de alargamento convencional. Os resultados preliminares demonstraram que, utilizando as brocas alargadoras, consegue-se redução superior a 30% no tempo de usinagem, quando comparado ao processo convencional de alargamento, mantendo valores de rugosidade na ordem de 0,8 Ra, unindo a velocidade de um processo convencional de furação com a qualidade superficial dos furos obtidos nos processos convencionais de alargamento.
The conventional drilling process is the most used among all machining processes. It is usually applied for holes with lower quality surface requirement, with roughness around 6.3 Ra. Higher quality drilling process, with 0,8 Ra, use other drilling process such as, reaming, boring, among others. These processes are more expensive because of the cost of cutting tools and especially because of the operational time. Aiming to reducing the machining time and improve the holes surface quality, tool manufacturers have been developing and improving geometries able to combine the drilling operations with reaming operations, optimizing the productivity. The drill reamers, among other characteristics, are manufactured with the highest number of cutting edges, usually with eight edges based on tool’s diameter. The main channel have high trimming functions and high chip removal, while the other channel reduce the surface roughness, removing less material and providing greater tools stability during the machining process. The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of the machining process through drill reamers with four and six cutting edges, taken into consideration holes with roughness up to o,8 Ra in the material cast iron GG30, comparing this performance with conventional reamers’ process. The preliminary results has indicated that by using drill reamers, over 30% of the machining time can be reduced comparing to conventional reamers’ process, keeping roughness values around 0,8Ra, merging the speed of conventional drilling’ process with the surface quality of the holes obtained in conventional reamers’ processes.
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Groves, Paul. "Applications of Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5336.

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Presented in this thesis are two studies that apply nondestructive testing methods to civil engineering problems. The first study examines the relationship between the small-strain and large-strain properties of exhumed cast iron water pipes. Nondestructive and destructive testing programs were performed on eight pipes varying in age from 40 to 130 years. New applications of frequency domain analysis techniques including Fourier and wavelet transforms of ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements are presented. The effects of Lamb wave propagation on the ultrasonic testing results are investigated. Microstructure evaluation revealed two different types of cast iron within the pipes sampled: grey cast iron and ductile iron. A low correlation between wave propagation and large-strain measurements was observed. However, the wave velocities were consistently different between ductile and grey cast iron pipes (14% to 18% difference). Lamb waves were found to contribute significantly to the frequency content of the ultrasonic signals possibly resulting in the poor correlations observed. Therefore, correlations between wave velocities and large strain properties obtained using samples from exhumed water pipes must be used with caution in the condition assessment of aged water pipes especially for grey cast iron pipes. The second study presented in this thesis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of three geophysical methods for geotechnical site characterization in swamps and environmentally sensitive wetland areas. The geophysical methods evaluated were electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), seismic refraction (SR), and multiple-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW). The geophysical test results were verified against the results from borehole and CPT logs. The ERI results were best for determining the depth to the glacial till. The SR results overestimated the depth to the till because of the presence of a stiffness reversal. The MASW results predicted the depth to the refusal till layer less accurately than the ERI method. However, this method was able to detect the three distinct layers above the till. These methods can be used as a basis for further development to optimize a procedure to reduce the number of boreholes required for conventional site investigations in areas that are environmentally sensitive or where access is restricted.
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Öberg, Christian. "Thermal Cycling, Creep- and Tensile Testing of Cast Exhaust Materials at Elevated Temperatures." Licentiate thesis, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228022.

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An exhaust manifold of a truck engine is subjected to tough conditions. As the truck is started, operated and shut down, it becomes subjected to thermal cycling up to around 800°C. At such high temperatures, corrosion, fatigue and creep are active degradation mechanisms. As can be imagined, the interplay between the three complicates materials selection. It is desired to have a versatile grade of high durability which is not too expensive. At the moment, a ferritic, ductile cast iron designated SiMo51 is used for the application. However, due to the rough conditions, it is considered to be on the verge of its operational limit. As a consequence, there is an ongoing search for candidate materials. In this study, the ductile cast irons SiMo51, SiMo1000, D5S and the cast steel HK30 have been included. In the past, there have been several studies describing corrosion and fatigue of the cast materials used for exhaust manifolds. However, on the subject of creep of cast materials, little is known. The present study aims to reveal creep tendencies of cast materials and to do it in several ways. More precisely, three creep-testing methods were employed: the conventional constant-load creep-test, the “Sequential tensile test (STT)” and “Stress relaxations with thermal cycling (SRTC)”. The first one is the traditional one. It is tedious, usually lasting months or years. The second one is a tensile test in which the strain rate is changed in sequences as specimen deformation proceeds. Here, the idea is that a slow tensile test is not different from a conventional creep test. In the third one, stress relaxations are provoked as a specimen is thermally cycled in a locked state. Since stress relaxations are a consequence of creep deformation, the relaxation data gathered from isothermal holds can be directly compared to results from the isothermal constant-load creep-test and STT. When thermally cycled in a locked state, the materials display a loop character in σ, ε and T which provides extensive information about the mechanical properties over the selected temperature interval. In a logarithmic Norton plot, the creep strain rate is plotted as a function of stress. By plotting STT-data in such Norton plots, it was shown that the creep behaviour of the included materials is well represented by Norton’s law. Furthermore, it was found that the creep strain rates and stress relaxations, measured during isothermal holds in SRTC, in several cases show perfect coincidence with tensile test data obtained through STT. At 700°C, data from all three tests were inserted in the same Norton plot. At higher stress levels, the SRTC-curve follows the STT-curve and at lower stresses, when the creep regime is entered, it bends down and unites with data obtained by the constant-load creep tests. Additionally, it was seen that a relatively high degree of pre-deformation can give a critical stress below which creep deformation stops completely.

The Financier is Scania CV. 

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Books on the topic "Cast-iron Testing"

1

Visnapuu, A. Damping properties of selected steels and cast irons. [Pittsburgh, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Rahmani, M. Hydrodynamic modeling of corrosion of carbon steels and cast irons in sulfuric acid. Houston, TX: Published for the Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1992.

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Stanisław, Prowans, ed. Prace Instytutu Inżynierii Materiałowej: Odlewni doświadczalnej. Szczecin: Wydawn. Uczelniane Politechniki Szczecińskiej, 1985.

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D, West Thomas. Metallurgy of Cast Iron: A Complete Exposition of the Processes Involved in Its Treatment, Chemically and Physically, from the Blast Furnace Through the Foundry to the Testing Machine. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.

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D, West Thomas. Metallurgy of Cast Iron: A Complete Exposition of the Processes Involved in Its Treatment, Chemically and Physically, From the Blast Furnace Through the Foundry to the Testing Machine. Franklin Classics, 2018.

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Awwa Research Foundation (Corporate Author) and Balvant Rajani (Editor), eds. Investigation of Grey Cast Iron Water Mains to Develop a Methodology for Estimating Service Life. Amer Water Works Assn, 2000.

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University of Toronto. Dept. of Civil Engineering., ed. Evaluation and testing of cast iron and ductile iron water main samples: Final report to the City of Toronto. Toronto: University of Toronto, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2000.

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Keep, William John. Keep's Test for Cast-Iron: A Description of the Routine to Be Pursued by Those Using This Method of Testing. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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West, Thomas Dyson. Metallurgy of Cast Iron: A Complete Exposition of the Processes Involved in Its Treatment, Chemically and Physically, from the Blast Furnace Through the Foundry to the Testing Machine. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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West, Thomas Dyson. Metallurgy of Cast Iron: A Complete Exposition of the Processes Involved in Its Treatment, Chemically and Physically, from the Blast Furnace Through the Foundry to the Testing Machine. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cast-iron Testing"

1

Csizmazia, Ágnes, Tamás Réti, Miklós Horváth, and István Oláh. "Partial Electron Beam Hardening of Cast Iron Camshafts." In Materials Science, Testing and Informatics II, 447–52. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-957-1.447.

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Buza, Gábor, Zoltán Kálazi, Erika Kálmán, and Jenő Sólyom. "Superficial Remelting of Cast Iron by Laser Radiation." In Materials Science, Testing and Informatics II, 45–52. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-957-1.45.

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Doughty, Timothy A., Willamette Blvd, Mary LeBlanc, Lee Glascoe, and Joel Benier. "Torsion/compression Testing of Grey Cast Iron for a Plasticity Model." In Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 6, 845–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9792-0_117.

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Fiset, M., G. Rousseau, and F. Roy. "EDDY CURRENT TESTING OF CAST IRON BRAKE DISKS." In Non-Destructive Testing, 397–99. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-87450-4.50097-7.

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Woo, Seongwoo, Dennis L. O'Neal, and Yimer Mohammed Hassen. "Study on Reliability Design of the Domestic Compressor Subjected to Repetitive Internal Stresses by Parametric Accelerated Life Testing." In Applications of Nature-Inspired Computing in Renewable Energy Systems, 241–66. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8561-0.ch012.

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This chapter explains the parametric accelerated life testing (ALT) to recognize design defects in mechanical products. A life-stress model and a sample size formulation are suggested. A compressor is used to demonstrate this method. Compressors were failing in the field. At the first ALT, the compressor failed due to a fractured suction reed valve. The failure modes were similar to those valves returned from the field. The fatigue of the suction reed valves came from an overlap between the suction reed valve and the valve plate. The problematic design was modified by the trespan dimensions, tumbling process, a ball peening, and brushing process for the valve plate. At the second ALT, the compressor locked due to the intrusion between the crankshaft and thrust washer. The corrective action plan performed the heat treatment to the exterior of the crankshaft made of cast iron. After the design modifications, there were no troubles during the third ALT. The lifetime of compressor was secured to have a B1 life 10 years.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cast-iron Testing"

1

Kharlamov, Y. A., N. A. Budagyunchz, S. A. Yudichki, and A. V. Shevchenko. "Tribotechnical Characteristics of Plasma Sprayed Alloyed Cast Iron-NiCrSiB Coatings." In ITSC2002, edited by C. C. Berndt and E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2002p0414.

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Abstract This paper examines plasma-sprayed layers obtained from low-cost mixtures of cast iron and NiCrSiB powders. The composite coatings are characterized based on friction and wear testing and are found to have better tribological properties than coatings produced from any single alloy powder. The structure and properties of composite layers with different compositions of iron and nickel are investigated as well. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
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Oechsner, M., T. Engler, J. Ellermeier, B. Heider, U. Reisgen, R. Sharma, E. Zokoll, and E. González Olivares. "Improvement of Wear Resistance by Thermal Spraying on Surface Layers Prepared by Plasma Transferred Arc Welding on Gray Cast Iron Components." In ITSC2019, edited by F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Koivuluoto, Y. Lau, H. Li, K. Shinoda, F. Toma, J. Veilleux, and C. Widener. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2019p0701.

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Abstract This study evaluates the erosion-corrosion performance of thermal spray hardcoats on bronze-coated gray cast iron. In the experiments, gray cast iron plates are coated with a bronze powder by PTA welding and the coatings are characterized based on microstructure and corrosion and wear testing. The bronze coatings provide good corrosion protection, but are shown to be susceptible to cavitation and erosion wear. To compensate, thermal spray hardcoats, including atmospheric plasma sprayed Al2O3 and Cr2O3 and HVOF sprayed WC-Co, were applied over bronze-coated cast iron and corrosion and wear tests were performed. It is shown that the thermal spray hardcoats greatly improve wear resistance, but despite their interconnected porosities, do not affect the corrosion performance of the underlying bronze.
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Jhala, R. L., and S. S. Khandare. "Comparative Study on Evaluating Fatigue Performance of Forged Steel Versus Different Material Automotive Component." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39908.

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The overall objective of this paper is to compare and evaluate the fatigue performance of two competing manufacturing technologies for automotive component, namely forged steel and cast iron steering knuckle. The paper details the different experimental evaluation, mechanical properties and performance of two materials and components, their results for the steering Knuckle. Fatigue is the primary cause of failure of component due to the cyclic loading and presence of stress concentrations at the fillets and critical areas. The steering knuckle consisted of mainly sections namely spindle, strut mounting holes and hub mounting attachments. The masses of both steering knuckle were similar with the forged steel at 4.8 kg and the cast iron at 4.5 kgs. Also, the failure location of the steering knuckle used in this study was in the first step and second step fillet, which agrees with the typical failure location for an automotive steering knuckle. The paper concludes that the crack growth life for both steering knuckle was a significant portion of the fatigue life during the steering knuckle testing. The crack growth rate of the forged steel steering knuckle was slower than the cast iron steering knuckle. During steering knuckle fatigue tests, circumferential cracks developed in the first step and second step fillet of both forged steel and cast iron steering knuckles which was identified as the critical location from FEA.
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Spiteri, Paul V., Yung-Li Lee, and Ray Segar. "An Exploration of Failure Modes in Rolled, Ductile, Cast-Iron Crankshafts Using a Resonant Bending Testing Rig." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-1906.

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Blau, Peter J. "Simulation of Cylinder Bore Surface Finish Parameters to Improve Laboratory-Scale Friction Tests in New and Used Diesel Oil." In ASME 2001 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-ice-431.

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Abstract The development of alloys, coatings, surface treatments, and lubricants for improved cylinder liners and rings has historically included friction and wear testing. The correlation of results from motored engines or laboratory-scale tribotests with those from full-scale, fired engines remains a subject of contention. Attempts to develop valid engine wear simulators have met with varying degrees of success. Complexities in understanding and duplicating the relevant contact conditions in fired engines have challenged the designers of sub-scale, simulative laboratory tests. The current paper describes one aspect of this problem; namely, simulating the cylinder bore surface finish for use in bench tests. A rapid method to prepare cast iron test specimens that have similar surface roughness parameters to a production cast iron cylinder liner has been developed. To compare the sliding response of simulated liners with actual liners, cast iron specimens were friction-tested in both new and used 15W40 commercial diesel engine oil, in mineral oil, and without liquid lubrication. A reciprocating, ball-on-flat testing machine was used with test lengths that ranged from 100 to 20,000 cycles. Kinetic friction coefficient data compared favorably between the simulated cylinder liner specimens and actual cylinder liner segments. The friction coefficients obtained in tests with different lubricants on the simulated surfaces were related through a second-degree polynomial to the change in arithmetic average roughness that occurred during running-in. Additional elements of the fired engine environment will be added in the next stages of this research to determine the degree of complexity that is needed to obtain increasingly better simulations.
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Hossain, Md Shahjahan, Russell Krenek, Hossein Taheri, and Fadwa Dababneh. "Ultrasonic Phased Array Technique for Defect Detection and Sizing in Heavy-Walled Cast Components." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23319.

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Abstract Cast metal parts are extensively found in many engineering products such as pump casing and engines. Thermal effects exhibited during metal casting processes, such as solidification can generate defects in the cast components. Effective nondestructive testing (NDT) for detection and sizing of defects in cast parts prevents extra cost and time associated with repair and maintenance. Surface-breaking cracks and porosity are among the common types of defects in large cast components. There are several limitations in using conventional NDT methods for as built cast parts due to surface conditions, coarse-grain structure, and characteristics of potential defects. Ultrasonic adaptive imaging based on the Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) technology is proposed for coarse-grain heavy-walled cast material inspection. The capability of aperture focusing in PAUT provides the opportunity for better imaging results. A comprehensive understanding about the ultrasonic beam focusing and the selection of an appropriate transducer and wedges is necessary for successful defect characterization. Cast aluminum and iron samples having on-purpose made defects were successfully inspected using the PAUT. Unlike conventional techniques, the results indicated that the PAUT is a promising method for inspecting as-built cast parts with rough surface finish conditions. The proposed method helps to decrease the inspection time, machining requirements, and preparation costs. Moreover, the enhanced defect sizing approach provides useful information for repair and maintenance decision making such as amount of material grinding and post-welding procedure.
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Wei, Shizhong, Jinhua Zhu, Liujie Xu, and Rui Long. "The Study on Abrasive Wear of Carbon of High Vanadium High Speed Steel Compared With That of High Chromium Cast Iron." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63590.

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It is studied the carbons abrasive wear property of high vanadium high speed steel compared with that of general high chromium cast iron (Cr20) in this paper. The vanadium content is 10% in the high vanadium high speed steel, and it is a kind of new wear material that has been studied in the past ten years. In the experiment the three materials were used to resist the abrasive wear of Al2O3, the wear test was conducted on a ML-10 abrasive wear-testing machine. The abrasive surfaces, cross-section and sloping -section surfaces were scanned by means of a SEM (JSM-5160LV) device. The typical morphology photos of VC and Cr7C3 were taken in course of abrasive wear, which not only describe the different abrasive wear property of the carbons in the two materials, but also make the cause of the excellent wear property of this HSS clear. The research results have showed that the service lives (V10) are three times longer than that of high chromium cast iron (Cr20). The excellent wear resistance of high vanadium high-speed steel depends on the characters of high hardness, lumpy morphology of VC which are scattered in hard matrix of HSS.
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8

Ellouz, Manel, Eva Kasparek, and Holger Völzke. "BAM Challenges for Design Testing of Waste Containers for the Final Repository KONRAD." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96258.

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Up to the end of this decade, corresponding to the planned date of starting operation in the final disposal KONRAD for non-heat generating waste in Germany, a lot of efforts are needed to condition and package the radioactive waste in containers certified by BfS (Federal Institute for Radiation Protection). This waste is produced by public sector and industry as well as nuclear energy facilities, which result in more than a half of the actually declared quantity growing especially after the phase out decision of nuclear power production in Germany and the subsequent decommissioning of nuclear power plants. BAM (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) acts as responsible authority on behalf of BfS for design testing under consideration of the KONRAD requirements. Within the assessment procedure of containers, BAM has to verify the application documents, including material qualification, container geometry, corrosion protection, leakage rate and operational and accidental loading, and to evaluate quality assurance measures. Besides the previous completed approvals for various containers such as steel sheet and cast iron box-shaped containers and concrete cylindrical ones, BAM is actually carrying assessments for other types such as cast iron cylindrical containers and “old” steel sheet box shaped ones. The so called “old” containers present already loaded containers without any KONRAD certification, currently stored at licensed interim storages. In the benefit of the container assessment, BAM operates design testing facilities for drop and fire tests which are also used for research objectives to improve and expand the evaluation methods such as research project ConDrop. The latter deals with numerical simulations and analyses tools for further precise predictions about unfavorable drop test scenarios, safety margins, and design sensitivities for steel sheet containers. Furthermore, during the assessment procedure, several specifications about the containers, the inventory to be disposed and the required safety level have been intensely debated by authorities and applicants. Based on its experience in qualifying containers, BAM has been commissioned to identify insufficiently specified aspects in the waste acceptance criteria and to propose clearer definitions with regard to the secondary regulations in the planning approval notice. This paper focuses on aspects of the contribution of BAM in certifying KONRAD waste containers. This will include the current state of design testing procedures, evaluation methods that are available or are being developed and the main topics within the KONRAD requirements being actually specified by BAM.
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Gventsadze, D., E. Kutelia, L. Nadaraia, J. Padgurskas, L. Gventsadze, and O. Tsurtsumia. "THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PTFE MODIFIED WITH CHALCOPYRITE." In BALTTRIB. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2017.13.

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In present work it has been studied the physical-mechanical and tribological properties of the compositional material which was obtained in the PTFE base with chalcopyrite fine dispersed concentrate as fillers. The PTFE-chalcopyrite composites were prepared by powder metallurgy route containing chalcopyrite particles (2.5, 5 and 10 wt %). The tests have been performed in the friction machine under 0.7 MPa load where as a counterpart the gray cast iron was used. From the beginning, the weight wear was measured after passing some velocity steps (0.25–1.25 m/sec). The worn surfaces of the tested composites and the cast iron samples after working as a tribological pair were analyzed using SEM/EDX methods. The obtained results have shown that the incorporation of optimal quantity (~5 wt %) chalcopyrite particles into PTFE matrix drastically (>102 times) improves the wear resistance comparatively to the unfilled PTFE in the 0.25–1.25 m/sec friction velocity range. In the same testing conditions by the analysis of the obtained results it is determined that at the low velocity friction (<1 m/sec) the newly developed composite material has 10–15 times lower wear intensity than the best existing tribo–technical purpose commercial material “superfluvis”, therefore the obtained composite can be considered as a quite inexpensive and efficient tribological material.
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10

Polishetty, Ashwin, and Guy Littlefair. "Recent Advances in Machining of Austempered Ductile Iron to Avoid Machining Induced Microstructural Phase Transformation Reaction." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-3903.

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Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is a type of nodular, ductile cast iron subjected to heat treatments — austenitising and austempering. Whilst machining is conducted prior to heat treatment and offers no significant difficulty, machining post heat treatment is demanding and often avoided. Phase transformation of retained austenite to martensite leading to poor machinability characteristics is a common problem experienced during machining. Study of phase transformations is an investigative study on the factors — plastic strain (εp) and thermal energy (Q) which effect phase transformations during machining. The experimental design consists of face milling grade 1200 at variable Depth of Cut (DoC) range from 1 to 4 mm, coolant on/off, at constant speed, 1992 rpm and feed rate, 0.1 mm/tooth. Plastic strain (εp) and martensite content (M) at fracture point for each grade was evaluated by tensile testing. The effect of thermal energy (Q) on phase transformations was also verified through temperature measurements at DoC 3 and 1 mm using thermocouples embedded into the workpiece. Finally, the amount of plastic strain (εp) and thermal energy (Q) responsible for a given martensite increase (M) during milling was related and calculated using a mathematical function, M = f (εp, Q). The future work of the thesis involves an in-depth study on the new link discovered through this research: mathematical model relating the role of plastic strain and thermal energy in martensite formation.
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