Journal articles: 'Cast-iron Testing'

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Darmawan, Agung Setyo, Agus Dwi Anggono, Agus Yulianto, Bambang Waluyo Febriantoko, Masyrukan, and Abdul Hamid. "Comparison of Microstructure, Yield Strength, Tensile Strength, and Modulus of Elasticity between Gray Cast Iron and Nodular Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 935 (November 30, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-2094w8.

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Gray cast iron has graphite flakes which makes it relatively weak and brittle. The addition of magnesium to gray cast iron resulted in nodular cast iron which has spherical graphite. The aim of this research was to investigate the changes in the microstructure and strength due to the addition of magnesium to gray cast iron. Microstructure observations were made by metallographic testing using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Tensile testing was carried out to measure the yield strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity. The addition of magnesium to gray cast iron was observed to increase the yield strength by 179%, tensile strength by 238%, and decrease the modulus of elasticity by 94%.

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Danilov, V. N., and L. V. Voronkova. "SOME FEATURES OF ULTRASONIC TESTING OF CAST IRON OBJECTS WITH FLAKE AND GLOBULAR GRAPHITE USING NORMAL LINEAR PROBES WITH PHASED ARRAYS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 261 (March 2020): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.03.pp.004-019.

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Computer modelling of the acoustic characteristics of signals of direct normal probe with phased array (PFR) in the cast iron with flake and globular graphite was performed. As a result the form of acoustic pulses of a longitudinal wave, depending on the passed by wave distance and the values of attenuation coefficient for different models of cast iron was calculated. The main modeled characteristics of the probe include the directivity characteristic and the change in the amplitude of the signal along the acoustic axis. It is shown that the difference in the PFR directivity characteristics for cast iron with flake graphite of different models and steel is due to two factors – significantly lower longitudinal wave velocities in cast iron compared to steel and a decrease in its operating frequency due to attenuation. In this case, for cast iron with globular graphite, a small change in the width of the diagrams is due only to the lower speed of longitudinal waves in cast iron compared to steel. For cast iron with flake graphite model 3, the phenomenon of nonlinear attenuation due to a decrease in the frequency of the maximum of the signal spectrum during the propagation of a longitudinal wave in cast iron with a corresponding decrease in the frequency – dependent attenuation coefficient is established. Evaluation of the nonlinearity of attenuation for cast iron with globular graphite showed that it is very small. The influence of calculation of initial signal delays on the velocity of longitudinal waves in steel on the directivity characteristics in cast iron, decreasing with increasing focus distance, is established. It is shown that for cast iron with flake graphite there are cases when the direction of transmitting of PFR in cast iron is practically absent.

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Li, Wen Wei, Qing Du, and Wei Zhong Li. "Analysis of the Common Causes of Papermaking Cast Iron Dryer's Defects and the Study of Test On-Line." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1851.

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The existing researches only put forward the stress concentration portion and design improvements from the perspective of stress analysis, or conducts safety assessment on dryers with the methodology of fracture mechanics, without non-destructive testing methods. Based on over 3,400 tests on cast iron dryers in Hangzhou, an ultrasonic testing technology with longitudinal wave double crystal probe is developed in the present investigation. This study illustrates how to identify the volume defects through testing on the air holes, shrinkage cavities and inclusions in the dryer cylinder and small R transition zone with longitudinal wave double crystal probe at a small angle (5°), as well as plane defects with deep cracks through testing on the dryer cylinder and small R transition zone with longitudinal wave double crystal probe at a large angle (42°). It addresses the issues of how to measure the thickness in regular online testing for cast iron dryers, to calculate the intensity or compare with the design value, to identify low hardness value, to determine the key parts in online testing, and how to conduct safety assessment on the cast iron dryers with small cracks. This technique may resolve various problems in cast iron dryer testing.

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Cherezov, L. A., V. B. Nikolaev, and G. G. Yurgens. "Nondestructive hardness testing of malleable cast iron castings." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21, no. 10 (October 1985): 502–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01149917.

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Pietrowski, S., and G. Gumienny. "Microsegregation in Nodular Cast Iron with Carbides." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0120-z.

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Abstract In this paper results of microsegregation in the newly developed nodular cast iron with carbides are presented. To investigate the pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides obtained by Inmold method were chosen. The distribution of linear elements on the eutectic cell radius was examined. To investigate the microsegregation pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides obtained by Inmold method were chosen. The linear distribution of elements on the eutectic cell radius was examined. Testing of the chemical composition of cast iron metal matrix components, including carbides were carried out. The change of graphitizing and anti-graphitizing element concentrations within eutectic cell was determined. It was found, that in cast iron containing Mo carbides crystallizing after austenite + graphite eutectic are Si enriched.

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Sabiniak, Henryk G. "Testing worm gears with cooperating elements made of different materials." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 3 (August 5, 2016): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650116656982.

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The author tested the efficiency, load-carrying capacity, and the type of friction in a meshing of a worm gear having the same parameters as worms made of carburized and quenched steel and worm-wheels made of steel, cast iron, and bronze. The type of friction was identified in case of worm gears with steel and cast iron worm-wheel at a volume temperature of the worm-wheel of 100 ℃; these gears did not demonstrate the tendency to seizure. The value of resistance of an oil film formed between the worm and the worm-wheel was accepted as the criterion of the existing type of friction in the meshing during mating of these two elements. The resistance of the oil film in the worm meshing was measured twice each time for two directions of the passage of electric current to avoid the effect of possibly occurring polarization phenomenon. Obtained values were averaged. During the course of the experiments, the image of friction was observed on the screen of an oscilloscope. Obtained values of the oil film resistance prove the low participation of fluid friction in the worm meshing with the worm-wheel made of steel as well as of cast iron. In case of the gear with the steel worm-wheel, the decrease of resistance in comparison with the bronze worm-wheel amounted to approximately 10 times and that of cast iron to almost 100 times. On the basis of the tests one can state that the application of steel worm-wheels and in particularly cast iron worm wheels makes it difficult for the fluid friction to occur while the application of a traditional material mating pair (a steel worm–a bronze worm-wheel) forms conditions for the occurrence of a mixed friction with a very high (approximately 99%) participation of fluid friction.

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Voronkova, Liubov V. "Recent Advances in Cast Iron Structure and Properties Ultrasonic Testing and Flaw Detection." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.499.

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The advantage of ultrasonic testing of iron castings prior to destructive control consists of an impressive reduction in time and costs, as well as the ability to assess the quality of the metal anywhere on the castings. According to the acoustic characteristics of cast iron it is possible to determine the form of graphite in it and its strength. The presence of chill in the metallic base and the thickness of the chilled layer is also determined by ultrasonic method. The use of electronic signal processing allows to distinguish it from high structural noise, which makes possible the testing of cast iron for a thickness of several meters. The use of transducers with phased array is the basis of the flaw detection of containers for nuclear waste from cast iron with globular graphite with a thickness of 500 mm.

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Yan, Yan Hong, Yu Lin Yang, and Nan Wang. "Study on Tribology Characteristic of the Cast Iron Friction Pair in the Self-Repairing Additive and Mechanism Analyzing." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1896.

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Influence of frictional wear characteristics of the cast iron-cast iron friction pair were investigated in the Self-repairing Additive with different concentration by using MMU-5G end-face friction and wear testing machine. The capability of generating self-repair coatings on the cast iron tribo-surface was verified in the Self-repairing Additive. The surface images of friction pair and their chemical composition were detected by using SEM and EDS. The result indicates different concentration has a great influence on frictional wear characteristics of friction pair in the Self-repairing Additive. In the self-repairing Additive, the Self-repair coatings are not formed on the cast-iron worn surface; self-repairing Additive has remarkable effect on antifriction and wearing of cast iron.

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Danilov, V. N., and L. V. Voronkova. "INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF ATTENUATION OF ELASTIC LONGITUDINAL WAVES IN CAST IRON WITH FLAKE GRAPHITE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SIGNALS DURING ULTRASONIC TESTING." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 252 (2019): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.06.pp.018-033.

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The model of estimation of damping coefficient of elastic longitudinal waves in cast iron with flake graphite due to their Rayleigh and phase scattering on graphite inclusions, considering the deviation of the modulus of bulk elasticity of the phases of cast iron (metal base and graphite) from the mean value, is developed according to the theory of Mason. At the same time, the characteristics of cast iron used for calculations include the value of the longitudinal wave velocity, the mass content of graphite inclusions and their average size. In the process of studying the effect of attenuation of elastic longitudinal waves in cast iron with flake graphite on the characteristics of signals with narrow, medium width and wide spectra, a difference in the nature of the spectra changes due to frequency-dependent attenuation depending on the nominal pulse frequencies, cast iron models and the distance traveled by the ultrasonic wave is established. It is shown that the shorter the pulse, the greater the shift of the spectrum maximum in the frequency range less than the nominal. The effect of attenuation of longitudinal waves in cast iron with flake graphite on the impulse directivity characteristic of the round piezoplate depending on the cast iron model and pulse spatial length is established. The expansion of pulse directivity characteristics with increasing of the distance traveled by the wave in cast iron is shown, the greater the wider the pulse spectrum.

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Danilov, V. N., and L. V. Voronkova. "INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF ULTRASONIC TESTING OF CAST IRON WITH LAMELLAR GRAPHITE USING STANDARD NORMAL PROBE." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 259 (2020): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.01.pp.004-018.

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Computer simulation of acoustic paths for medium – cast iron with lamellar graphite for standard normal probe of several types was carried out in order to study the effect of such medium on the characteristics of transmitted and received signals during ultrasonic testing. In the course of studies to calculate the attenuation coefficient of longitudinal waves in cast iron with lamellar graphite, due to their Rayleigh and phase scattering by graphite inclusions, the previously developed model was used. Comparison of the results of calculations of spectra and pulses of the recorded signals for two samples of cast iron with lamellar graphite confirmed the possibility of using the developed calculation model for a description of real physical phenomena adequate for the practice of ultrasonic testing. The ratio of the recorded signal and structural noise levels for different models of transducers, reflectors and characteristics of the controlled cast iron is estimated. Shown that increased attenuation of the longitudinal wave in cast iron in comparison with steel as a result of scattering by inclusions leads to higher level of this noise and can greatly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio in the detection of the reflected from the defect signals.

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Yen, Chien Lung, Fu Je Chen, and Yung Ning Pan. "Research on the Wear Resistance of High-Chromium White Cast Iron and Multi-Component White Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 859 (December 2013): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.64.

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The pin-on-disk wear test and solid particle erosion test were used to investigate the wear resistance property of both high chromium white cast iron and multi-component white cast iron with optimal alloy compositions and heat treatment conditions. Experimental results indicate that a linear relationship between the wear lose and the testing time exists for high chromium white cast irons. Apparent scratch grooves and sheared pits appeared on the specimen surface. Subsurface observations found pit depths of some 4.5~8.0 mm. Crack propagation routes were clearly visible along the martensitic grain boundaries for alloys in the as-quenched state. Tempering treatment increases the toughness of the alloy, resulting in an increase in the resistance to crack formation. On the other hand, the multi-component white cast irons exhibited a non-linear relationship between the wear lose and the testing time. Relatively shallow scratches were found on the specimen surface, and pit depths of about 4.0 mm were observed through subsurface observations. Tempering at 570°C caused a reduction in hardness of the alloy, and therefore, the fracture mode tends to be ductile. As a result, deformation only occurred in crater regions with no clear evidence of spreading.

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Tjahjanti, Prantasi Harmi, Wibowo Harso Nugroho, and Hana Catur Wahyuni. "Physics and Chemistry Test on Aluminum-Based Composite Materials as an Alternative Material for the Manufacture of Brake Drum." Advanced Materials Research 789 (September 2013): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.789.449.

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One of the components of the vehicle are of particular interest is the brake system , because its main function is to stop the rotation axis, set the axis of rotation and to prevent unwanted rotation. One classification system is the brake drum that has been widely made of cast iron, cast iron and cast steel special. This study makes brake drum of composite materials aluminum-based, with reinforcement is silicon carbide (SiC), obtained optimum composition of 15%, so it is written (Al-Si)-SiC/15%. Physics testing includes testing of thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient, and Chemistry testing the corrosion penetration rate when the test material was coating with regular polish, with chrome, with nickel and with nickel + chrome. The final results showed that the value of conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the composite material is lower than cast iron, aluminum and other alloys. That is pretty good heat resistance when applied to brake drum material. The lowest of corrosion penetration rate on coating material with a layer of Ni-Cr.

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Danilov, V. N., and L. V. Voronkova. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE PARAMETERS OF GLOBULAR GRAPHITE INCLUSIONS ON THE ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CAST IRON AND ULTRASONIC LONGITUDINAL WAVE SIGNALS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 285 (March 2022): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.03.pp.004-016.

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Based on analytical models, the dependence of the velocity and attenuation coefficient of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave in cast iron with globular graphite on the average size of graphite elements and its volume content is shown. Computer modeling of acoustic paths for a medium – cast iron with globular graphite for standard normal probes was carried out to assess the influence of such a medium on the characteristics of the transmitted and recorded signals during ultrasonic testing. Calculations of directivity characteristic of probes with normalization of each directivity characteristic to its maximum for steel and cast iron with globular graphite, a slight change in the width of the directivity characteristics due to the lower velocity of longitudinal waves in cast iron compared to steel. It is established that the amplitude of the bottom signal in cast iron with globular graphite can exceed its values for structural steel. Evaluation of the nonlinearity of attenuation for cast iron with globular graphite showed that it is very small. The features of DGS-diagrams for cast iron with globular graphite are noted, associated with higher attenuation of longitudinal waves than in steel, as well as with lower velocities of their propagation.

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Kawalec, M. "Microstructure Control of High-alloyed White Cast Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0012.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of studies of high-alloyed white cast iron modified with lanthanum, titanium, and aluminium-strontium. The samples were taken from four melts of high-vanadium cast iron with constant carbon and vanadium content and near-eutectic microstructure into which the tested inoculants were introduced in an amount of 1 wt% respective of the charge weight. The study included a metallographic examinations, mechanical testing, as well as hardness and impact resistance measurements taken on the obtained alloys. Studies have shown that different additives affect both the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-vanadium cast iron.

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Wang, S., S. Yan, J. Lin, and A. D. Batako. "Study on the effects of laser quenching power and scanning speed on the property of cast iron." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2198, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2198/1/012050.

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Abstract The laser surface quenching power, scanning speed, and spot area have significant effect on the properties of the laser quenched materials. The effects of laser quenching power and scanning speed on the tribological, vibration, and noise performance of gray cast iron (HT250) are studied in this paper. Keeping the laser quenching spot constant, 12 cast iron discs are laser quenched by changing the laser quenching power and scanning speed. Various mechanical, tribological, and dynamical testing equipment are used to characterize the properties of the laser quenched cast iron discs, in terms of the surface hardness, residual stress, friction coefficient, and frictional vibrations and noise of the cast iron discs. The experimental results show that after laser surface quenching, the surface hardness of the cast iron disc has been increased more than 4 times, the residual stress on the disc surface is changed from tensile stress to compressive stress, the friction coefficients of the laser quenched cast iron discs have been significantly increased, and the vibration and noise generated from the laser quenched cast iron discs have been significantly changed. This research has significance to the improvement of the surface performance of automotive brake discs and the control of braking frictional vibrations and noise.

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Zykova, Anna, Dmitry Lychagin, Andrey Chumaevsky, Natalya Popova, and Irina Kurzina. "Influence of Ultrafine Particles on Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Strengthening of Ductile Cast Iron." Metals 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8070559.

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Integrated assessment of the influence of an ultrafine mixture TiO2 + ZrO2 + Na3AlF6 on the formation of the structure, mechanical properties, and strengthening of ductile cast iron was made in the paper. The structural-phase composition of ductile cast iron was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and a transmission electron microscope. Plastic deformation was determined during testing of uniaxial compression. The change in the structural state of the alloy and in its mechanical properties was observed. Quantitative assessment of contributions of separate physical mechanisms to strengthening characteristics of unmodified and modified ductile cast iron was made.

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LEPIARCZYK, Dariusz, Wacław GAWĘDZKI, and Jerzy TARNOWSKI. "A STUDY OF TRIBOLOGICAL LOAD CAPACITY OF VARIOUS FRICTION PAIRS." Tribologia 272, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6310.

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The paper presents and experimentally verifies a testing method of friction pairs between various materials: steel-cast iron, cast iron-cast iron, and cast iron-ferodo. The applied methodology for the evaluation of tribological mating of a friction part allows for determining the time series of friction torque and mechanical power transmitted by a friction pair at slippage. Time series of parameters variability in the investigated friction process after the loss of contact are presented. In addition, relationships are presented that allow for determining the basic friction pair parameters: friction torque, friction coefficient, and mechanical power. This is a basis for determining the tribological load capacity of a friction pair whose measure has been assumed as the maximum value of torsional torque and mechanical power transmitted by the tested specimens.

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Faisal, Marwan, Eman El-Shenawy, and Mohamed A. Taha. "Thermomechanical Testing of GGG 40 Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Alloy." Materials Sciences and Applications 08, no. 03 (2017): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msa.2017.83019.

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Vertesy, G., T. Uchimoto, I. Tomáš, and T. Takagi. "Nondestructive characterization of ductile cast iron by magnetic adaptive testing." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 322, no. 20 (October 2010): 3117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.05.042.

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Vertesy, G., I. Tomas, B. Skrbek, T. Uchimoto, and T. Takagi. "Investigation of Cast Iron Matrix Constituents by Magnetic Adaptive Testing." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 55, no. 3 (March 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2019.2892683.

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Hirose, Masanori, Kaoru Yamamoto, Hirofumi Miyahara, Kazunori Sakata, and Keisaku Ogi. "Abrasion Behavior of High Cr-V-Nb Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.243.

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A series of abrasion tests on high Cr-V-Nb cast irons revealed that the addition of MC type carbide formers, V and Nb, remarkably enhances the abrasion resistance of high Cr cast iron, and the abrasion resistance becomes higher with the increase in MC type carbides[1]. Therefore, hyper eutectic Fe-4.7%C-15%Cr-7%V-5%Nb-5%Mo alloy melt was poured into 30kg and 1kg sand mold castings to distribute different sizes of primary and eutectic carbides in hardenable matrix. The abrasion test specimens cut from each casting were austenitized at 1323K for 1h then cooled in air. These specimens were tempered at 773K for 1h followed by air cooling. The hardness of specimens was 1015-1018HV50. The rubber wheel abrasion test, a typical 3 body type one, was performed on these quenched and tempered specimens with 56-107, 107-150 and 297 μm dia. silica grit. The testing load was 86.3N and 172.5N, and the rubber wheel rotation speed was varied from 1s-1 to 4s-1. Though the higher testing load increases the wear loss, the wear rate expressed by the wear volume/( testing load × wear distance) changes depending on the wear condition and the microstructure. In case of 30kg cast specimen, the silica grit preferentially attack and scrape off the matrix, and the wear rate increases with the increase in the testing load. The fine carbides in 1kg cast specimens effectively protect the matrix from the attack of silica grit, and the wear rate decreases with increasing load which causes silica grit blunt and fracture. However, fine carbides tend to be fractured by silica grit and diminish the protective effect. Based on the worn surface structures, the abrasion mechanism is discussed comparing those of steel and eutectic 25%Cr cast iron.

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Li, Xing Hui. "Welding Repair of High Chromium Cast Iron Defects." Key Engineering Materials 814 (July 2019): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.814.229.

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Welded arc welding repair welding technology was used to repair the casting defects of high chromium cast iron ball mill liners. Select the same high-chromium cast iron as the casting. The diameter of the electrode is 4mm and the welding current is 150-160A. After welding, the castings were found to have no cracks by surface non-destructive testing. The macro-hardness was comparable to that of the matrix material, and the microstructure showed that the fused surface was a good metallurgical bond.

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Yulianto, Agus, Rudy Soenoko, Wahyono Suprapto, and As’ad Sonief. "EFFECT OF COOLING RATE ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS IN GRAY CAST IRON CASTING PROCESS." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 27, no. 3 (September 13, 2021): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.27.3.996.

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This study aims to investigate the thermal conditions of the molds, changes in microstructure and hardness of casting products using sand mold and permanent mold. The use of sand mold and permanent mold results in different cooling rates. Thermal analysis was performed using a thermocouple to obtain a temperature versus time curve. Metallographic observations were carried out using a Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The Vickers hardness test was carried out in three areas with different thicknesses. The results showed a constant temperature at 691 oC where the eutectoid phase reaction occurred. Testing with sand mold showed that cast iron with flake graphite was finer and spreader than graphite in cast iron produced by permanent mold. Meanwhile, gray cast iron from a casting process with a permanent mold has a higher hardness than gray cast iron from a casting process using a sand mold.

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Petersson, M. "Noise-related roughness of railway wheel treads-full-scale testing of brake blocks." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 214, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409001531342.

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Results from full-scale tread braking experiments on an inertia dynamometer (brake testing machine) are presented. Eighteen prototypes of brake blocks are investigated. Two braking characteristics relating to the influence of the blocks on the wheel tread are studied: generation of hot spots and generation of roughness (corrugation, waviness). Wheel tread temperatures are measured during braking using an infrared (IR) technique. The wheel roughness is measured after each brake cycle when the wheel has cooled down. A roughness indicator, RλCA, relates measured roughness to expected rolling noise as generated by the wheel in operation. A correlation between the spatial distributions of temperatures and roughnesses is normally found: stronger for cast iron blocks and composition blocks and weaker for sinter blocks. The cast iron blocks are found to produce high tread roughness levels, partly owing to material transfer from brake block to wheel tread. The composition blocks are found to result in lower roughness levels than the cast iron blocks. Finally, the sinter metal blocks are found to lead to the lowest roughness levels, a fact which is probably due to the abrasive property of these blocks. Friction coefficients during braking are also measured.

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Aubakirov, Dastan, Aristotel Issagulov, Svetlana Kvon, Vitaly Kulikov, Yelena Chsherbakova, and Saniya Arinova. "Modifying Effect of a New Boron-Barium Ferroalloy on the Wear Resistance of Low-Chromium Cast Iron." Metals 12, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12071153.

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This paper presents the results of a study and analysis of the effect of modifying low-chromium hypoeutectic cast iron with a new boron–barium ferroalloy on its properties—wear resistance and impact resistance—in comparison with traditional boron- and barium-containing additives. The uniqueness and novelty of the work lies in the study of the nature of changes in the structure and wear-resistant properties of low-chromium cast iron as a result of its modifying treatment with a new boron–barium ferroalloy. In a laboratory electric resistance furnace, low-chromium cast iron was melted, and four batches of prototypes were cast. Samples of the first batch, for subsequent comparison, were made without modification. When casting the remaining three batches of samples, the cast iron was modified with three different additives: ferroboron FeB12, ferrosilicobarium FeSi60Ba20, and a new complex boron–barium modifier. In order to compare the degree of effectiveness of the applied modifiers, a metallographic analysis of the structure was performed, hardness measurements were performed on the surface of the samples, and they were subjected to abrasion and cyclic shock-dynamic impact tests. In all cases, when modifying cast iron, there was an increase in hardness, a noticeable grinding of the microstructure, and a redistribution of structural components towards an increase in the proportion of perlite and finely dispersed ledeburite. A comparative analysis of the results of testing samples for dry friction and shock showed a higher surface resistance of cast samples made of modified cast iron compared to unmodified low-chromium cast iron of the same composition. A comparative study of the parameters of wear tracks and craters on damaged surfaces established that the most optimal combination of wear-resistant qualities of low-chromium cast iron occurs when it is treated with a complex boron–barium modifier, which is also evidenced by obtaining a more favorable microstructure.

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Pumpur, V. A., A. G. Anisovich, K. E. Baranouski, P. Yu Duvalau, and V. M. Andryienka. "On Application of Internal Heat Sink Sources when Producing Castings from Wear-Resistant Chromium Cast Iron." Science & Technique 21, no. 6 (December 2, 2022): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-6-464-472.

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The features of the formation of castings from chromium cast iron during casting in a combined mold are studied using internal sources of heat removal introduced into the melt. A series of experiemеnts has been carried out with wear-resistant chromium cast iron. The following macrocoolers have been used: a 0.5 mm thick silumin plate containing 3–5 % Ti; a mixture of borax and crushed ferrochrome (1–4 mm); white cast iron shot. The phase composition of the samples has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, and their microstructure has been also studied. Hardness testing has been carried out on specimens obtained with cast iron shot. The most effective method of using an internal source of heat removal, which has a significant effect on the cooling rate of the casting and its microstructure, has been determined. The most promising was a mixture of borax and crushed ferrochrome particles, which did not dissolve in the melt and formed zones with local structure refinement, as well as white cast iron shot, a more technological alternative to ferrochrome. The use of white cast iron shot has led to a refinement of the structure of the part “Backing sheet У3.1,1 [U3.1.1]” made of wear-resistant chromium cast iron, as well as to an increase in the hardness of its working surface by 2.6 HRC. Almost all of the shot introduced into the melt has been melted. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the use of ferrochrome and white cast iron shot is an effective way of local structure refinement and a practical possibility of obtaining a part made of chromium cast iron with increased hardness. All this can increase the wear resistance of parts of crushing and grinding equipment.

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Sabirin, Ahmad, and Purwantono Purwantono. "The Effect of Cast Iron Preheating on the Microstructure of Welding Results by Using Cin-2 Electrodes." Teknomekanik 3, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/teknomekanik.v3i2.6172.

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Cast iron is commonly found in engineering tools such as machine frames, vise, lathes, planers, pressing tools, V-belt pulleys and others. Cast iron is a metal which is relatively difficult to weld because it contains more than 0.3% carbon. As a matter of fact, a lot of welding workers still experience failure in welding the cast iron, so they require the proper procedures to perform welding on the cast iron like the heat treatment before the welding. This study was aimed at obtaining the effect of preheating variations on the weld joints in which the process of welding the material used the type of open V seam connection. The specimen used was a cast iron with a thickness of 10 mm and the electrode used was the JIS Z 3252 DFCNiFe electrode. The method applied in this research was the microstructure observation testing toward the welding result by using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that by applying the preheating variation treatment on the cast iron welding, there was a change in the microstructure and it was dominated by pearlite-ferrite in the weld metal area. As a result, the rough graphite that looks like roots became smooth after experiencing the preheating treatment because the ferrite was evenly distributed in the heat affected area. To conclude, the most superior specimen for the cast iron preheating among the four specimens was the one with 425oC temperature.

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Yan, Yan Hong, Yu Lin Yang, and Dan Zhang. "Influence on Tribology Characteristic of the Steel-Cast Iron Friction Pair under Different Concentration of the Self-Repairing Additive and Mechanism Analyzing." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1085.

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The influence of frictional wear characteristics were investigated under the Self-repairing Additive condition with different concentration by using MMU-5G end-face friction and wear testing machine. The surface images of friction pair and their chemical composition were detected by using SEM and EDS. The result indicates different concentration has a great influence on frictional wear characteristics of friction pair. The Self-repair coatings are formed on the 45#steel worn surface while nothing on the cast-iron worn surface, study considers that metallographic structure and mechanical performance of cast iron are the prime causation resulting in no Self-repair coatings. Self-repairing Additive of the right concentration has remarkable effect on antifriction and wearing of cast iron.

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29

Zoqui, Eugênio José, Angel Sanchez Roca, and Hipólito Domingo Carvajal Fals. "Microstructure of Thixoformable Hypoeutectic Cast Iron." Solid State Phenomena 192-193 (October 2012): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.192-193.219.

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The use of a specially designed hypoeutectic cast iron as a potential raw material for the thixoforming process is described in this paper. Thixoforming technology normally uses aluminum-silicon alloys such A356 and A357 as raw materials. Iron-based alloys are less common, despite the lower cost of the raw material. The paper describes the semi-solid behavior and corresponding final microstructure of a hypoeutectic gray cast iron after thixoforming tests. The Fe-2.6wt%C-1.5wt%Si alloy was prepared via conventional casting in sand molds. Samples were heated to the semi-solid state at 1160 and 1180oC and held at these temperatures for 0, 30, 90 and 120s, and then subjected to compression tests. Two-platen compression tests were carried out in an instrumented eccentric press in order to determine the semi-solid behavior. The holding time in the semi-solid range simulates the industrial heating process that is time-controlled rather than temperature-controlled. The semi-solid behavior indicated that the semi-solid cast iron behaves like aluminum-silicon alloys, presenting a stress of up to 24MPa under 80% strain and a corresponding apparent viscosity of up to 1.5*105 Pa.s at 1180oC. The final microstructure after compression testing was essential in determining the material’s morphological evolution. Tests revealed that heating up to the semi-solid range followed by thixoforming changes the material’s graphite morphology from type A to B (or E), but does not significantly affect the interdendritic arm spacing between graphite lamellae. The resulting structure is composed of fine graphite and pearlite.

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Wang, Kai, Liang Liang Wang, Yun Hua Xu, and Li Sheng Zhong. "The Synthesis, Wearing Properties of Titanium Carbide Particle Beams Reinforces the Cast Iron Matrix Overall Composite Materials by In Situ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.145.

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This paper describes a wire composite method which consists of the use of a cast-penetrated-heat treatment process to elaborate cast iron and titanium silk. After 12 h at 1138 °C heat preservation and oven cooling, the cast iron matrix in situ generated a titanium carbide particle beam that reinforced the iron matrix composites as a whole. By XRD, the SEM (EDS) on the overall composite material of the macro and micro structure and composition distribution were studied. The results showed that the titanium was fully reflected and it generated fascicles in the titanium carbide hard phase of particles and uniform distribution. Analysis of single wire on the composition and morphology observation found that the titanium carbide particle beam presents three characteristics: uniform dispersion, long strips, and an aggregation phase. The ML-100 abrasive wearing-testing machine, with two bodies of titanium carbide, reinforced iron matrix composites overall the wearing experiment that was carried out: the result shows that its wearing resistance is about 4.2 times greater than the cast iron standard sample.

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31

Dučić, Nedeljko, Aleksandar Jovičić, Srećko Manasijević, Radomir Radiša, Žarko Ćojbašić, and Borislav Savković. "Application of Machine Learning in the Control of Metal Melting Production Process." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 6048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176048.

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This paper presents the application of machine learning in the control of the metal melting process. Metal melting is a dynamic production process characterized by nonlinear relations between process parameters. In this particular case, the subject of research is the production of white cast iron. Two supervised machine learning algorithms have been applied: the neural network and the support vector regression. The goal of their application is the prediction of the amount of alloying additives in order to obtain the desired chemical composition of white cast iron. The neural network model provided better results than the support vector regression model in the training and testing phases, which qualifies it to be used in the control of the white cast iron production.

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32

Gabets, Denis, Andrey Markov, Mikhail Guryev, Evgeny Pismenny, and Alina Nasyrova. "The effect of complex modification on the structure and properties of gray cast iron for tribotechnical application." Metal Working and Material Science 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2022-24.4-165-180.

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Introduction. An approach based on the complex modification of cast irons makes it possible to improve its mechanical properties by changing the structure of the metal matrix, as well as the shape of graphite and its distribution. The aim of this work is to study the influence of alloying elements on the structure and mechanical properties of gray cast irons obtained for operation under friction wear conditions. Research methods. The paper describes the process of obtaining complex modified gray cast irons. Fractographic investigation of dynamically destroyed samples is carried out. Structure’s features of SCh35, ChMN-35M and SChKM-45 gray cast irons are studied. Tribological testing under sliding friction conditions is carried out. Results and its discussion. It is established that the complex modification of SCh35 gray cast iron with molybdenum, nickel and vanadium makes it possible to increase its hardness to 295 HB and tensile strength to 470-505 MPa. Alloying with nickel (0.4-0.7 wt.%), molybdenum (0.4-0.7 wt.%) and vanadium (0.2-0.4 wt.%) leads to a decrease in the interlamellar distance of perlite by 2 times, as well as to the metal matrix grain refining. The length of graphite lamellas of modified cast irons is reduced by 3-5 times. An additional effect on the tensile strength of cast iron is due to the alloying of ferrite with molybdenum and vanadium, which is fallen out along the boundaries of graphite inclusions. Alloying of ferrite with molybdenum and vanadium increases the level of its microhardness by 1.4 times in comparison with the α-phase of SCh35 serial cast iron. The results of tribotechnical tests of the designed materials are presented. Conclusions. It is established that the wear of specimens made of SChKM-45 cast iron is approximately 20-30% lower compared to cast iron SCh35 cast iron and 10-15% lower compared to ChMN-35M cast iron. Fractographic studies show that complex alloying with molybdenum, vanadium and nickel, contributing to the refining of pearlite colonies, leads to a decrease of the size of the cleavage facets.

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33

Dilek, Ufuk, Marc L. Sorenson, and Donald B. Chandler. "Load Testing of Historic Cast Iron Stairs at Cape Hatteras Lighthouse." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 19, no. 1 (February 2005): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2005)19:1(36).

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Vértesy, Gábor, Tetsuya Uchimoto, Toshiyuki Takagi, Ivan Tomáš, and Hidehiko Kage. "Nondestructive characterization of flake graphite cast iron by magnetic adaptive testing." NDT & E International 74 (September 2015): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2015.04.004.

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35

Osakue, Edward, Lucky Anetor, and Kendall Harris. "Pitting strength estimate for cast iron and copper alloy materials." FME Transactions 49, no. 2 (2021): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2102269o.

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An attempt is made to predict the pitting strength of cast iron and copper alloy materials from their compressive yield or compressive proof strength for a reliability of 99% at 107 load cycles. The compressive yield or compressive proof strength is related to the tensile strength of ductile cast iron and copper alloy materials by a proportionality factor. Two proportionality factors are used for brittle cast iron materials. The pitting strength formulation incorporates a nominal design factor at 99% reliability which is estimated from a probabilistic model based on the lognormal probability density function. Pitting strength estimates from the predictions are compared with those of American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) estimates and data from other sources. The predicted values for gray cast irons had variances in the range of -11.28% to 25%. Ductile cast iron pitting strength estimates deviated from those of AGMA by -30.28% to 1.73% and 16.76% to 36.34% for Austempered ductile irons. The variances obtained for cast bronze were from 11.17% and 14.73%, but the sample size was small. These variances appear to be reasonable due to the many factors that can influence pitting resistance. Since pitting strength data for many grades of cast iron and copper alloys are not available (especially in the public domain), they may be estimated by the expressions developed in this study for initial design sizing. Also, the pitting strength of new cast iron and copper alloy materials could likewise be estimated for initial design sizing. This will eliminate long and costly contact fatigue testing at the initial design phases, which of course is necessary for design validation.

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36

Forsström, Antti, Yuriy Yagodzinskyy, and Hannu Hänninen. "Hydrogen effects on mechanical performance of nodular cast iron." Corrosion Reviews 37, no. 5 (September 25, 2019): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2019-0007.

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AbstractThe KBS-3 method for long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel is designed with an external self-standing copper shell, which provides the most important barrier against corrosion and escape of radionuclides, and an internal nodular cast iron insert, which provides the load-bearing structure against external loads. The material intended for the load-bearing insert is ferritic nodular cast iron EN 1563 grade EN-GJS-400-15U. In this paper, hydrogen uptake and sensitivity to hydrogen-induced cracking of the cast iron were studied using tensile testing under continuous electrochemical charging in 1 N H2SO4 solution. Hydrogen uptake was measured by using the thermal desorption method. It was found that the hydrogen desorption profile manifests three distinct peaks at initial locations of 400, 500, and 700 K with a heating rate of 6 K/min. Plastic deformation results in a remarkable increase of the 400 K peak, which indicates hydrogen uptake during deformation. In the constant extension rate tests (CERT) and the constant load tests (CLT), electrochemical hydrogen charging reduced markedly the elongation to fracture and time to fracture, respectively. In CLT, hydrogen charging increased dramatically the creep rate at the applied load of about 0.7 yield stress. Ligaments between the graphite nodules exhibit brittle cleavage facets in the presence of hydrogen, while the ligaments show a characteristic ductile appearance of shear and small dimples when testing in air or distilled water. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the known mechanisms of hydrogen-induced cracking and the role of the graphite nodules in the embrittlement of ductile cast iron.

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Ivanov, Sergey L., and Pavel Shishkin. "Influence of the Material Structure and Properties on the Wear Resistance of Gears with Different Geometries." Materials Science Forum 1022 (February 2021): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1022.136.

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The article gives the description of experimental studies on the assessment of changes in the state of gear teeth of a mechanical transmission during tests on a stand with a closed power flow. Data on the gears made of cast iron materials are presented. The strength characteristics of gear wheel materials and their chemical composition are given. Operational life testing of gear sets with various geometries of gearing and made of gray cast was carried out. According to the conducted studies, it is found that by the optimization of the gearing parameters it is possible to increase the gear life by one and a half to two times without switching to more wear-resistant and durable materials. It is experimentally proved that the influence of geometrical parameters of gearing with combined displacement on the durability of gears is comparable with the replacement of material. When replacing the material of gears made of gray cast iron with alloy grades of cast iron, preference should be given to high-alloy wear-resistant cast iron with a surface hardness above average, and the effect of their use can be comparable to the effect of optimizing the gearing parameters.

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38

Jung, Karel, Miroslav Sýkora, and Jana Marková. "Measurement Uncertainty in Tests of Cast Irons." Key Engineering Materials 808 (June 2019): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.808.93.

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Focusing on heritage structures, various non-destructive tests (NDT) or minor-destructive techniques (MDT) can be applied while the application of destructive testing is limited. The probabilistic models for tensile and compressive strengths of historic cast iron are developed on the basis of destructive tests (DTs) and MDTs, respectively. NDT results are critically compared with DTs. It appears that numerous uncertainties affecting estimated resistance can be treated by statistical approaches along with the semi-probabilistic verification method. Non-destructive hardness tests can hardly be used to estimate strength of cast iron and must be supplemented by destructive tests.

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39

Czarnecki, Henryk. "The Effect of Alloy Cast Iron Hardness on the Tribological Properties of a Bronze – Cast Iron Pair in Dry and Mixed Friction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 791 (September 2015): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.791.252.

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The paper reports the results of model testing of dry and mixed friction wear of a worm – worm rack kinematic pair, where the worm is made of CUA19Fe3 bronze, while the rack of alloy cast iron. Such a pair is applied in the feed mechanisms of heavy-duty machine tools. The experiment was conducted with variable cast iron hardness values and pressure levels. The distribution of wear along the friction path for the both elements of the tribological pair has been determined. The results are presented in diagrams and in the form of a relationship of wear intensity as a function of the parameters examined in the experiment.

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40

Wang, Hao, Yaqiong Zeng, Shihua Pu, Feiyun Yang, Zhengxiang Shi, Zuohua Liu, and Dingbiao Long. "Impact of Slatted Floor Configuration on Manure Drainage and Growth Performance of Finishing Pigs." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 1 (2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13650.

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HighlightsUnder the same conditions of cast-iron usage, increasing the width of the gap and slat width within a certain range can enhance the bearing capacity of the slatted floors.Variations in the gap and slat width do not significantly affect pig growth performance.The recommended gap width of a cast-iron slatted floor in a fattening pig house is 15 mm.Abstract.Slatted flooring is an important part of the structure of pig houses and can aid in the removal of pig manure to underground ditches via gravity and locomotion. In this study, four different cast-iron slatted floor configurations with different gap widths (10, 15, and 20 mm) and slat widths (10 and 15 mm) were set up in 11 partially slatted-floor pig pens of the same size, each housing 10 fattening pigs with body weights of approximately 63 kg. The residual manure on the solid concrete floor area and a cast-iron slatted floor area were collected at different time intervals (24, 48, and 72 h) and weighed. According to previous studies on total manure and total urine production of pigs, the manure drainage capacity of four types of slatted floor was calculated. The growth performance of all of the pigs was monitored throughout the experiment. The ultimate bearing capacity of the four types of slatted floors was measured by a third-party professional testing organization. The results showed that the gap width and slat width of the cast-iron slatted floor had significant effects on its ultimate bearing capacity and manure drainage capacity (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on pig growth performance (P>0.05). The recommended gap width of a cast-iron slatted floor in a fattening pigs house is 15 mm. These findings can be used to optimize the design of cast-iron slatted flooring for fattening pigs, which must also be safe, economical, and efficient. Keywords: Cast iron, Dimensions, Fattening pig, Manure drainage, Slatted floor.

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41

Filippov, M. A., V. A. Sharapova, L. A. Moshechkova, and S. O. Morozov. "Effect of High-Temperature Quenching on the Phase Composition, Structure, and Wear Resistance of Ni-Hard Chromium-Nickel Cast Iron." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134602025.

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Metallographic, micro-X-ray spectral and X-ray structural analyses have been carried out. The quenching temperature increase from 900 to 1150 °C leads to high abrasive wear resistance in Ni-hard chromium-nickel cast iron. The initial hardness decreased before the test from 60 to 35 HRC due to the fact that the phase composition of the metal base before the wear test changes during quenching from medium-carbon martensite with secondary cementite to retained metastable austenite. It contributes to increase the crack resistance of cast iron. Austenite turns into dispersed friction martensite on the working surface in the process of wear testing or operation, as a result of the impact of abrasive particles. This martensite together with a part of cementite provides a high level of hardening and operability of the cast iron secondary microstructure.

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42

Qiao, Xue Tao, Yun Sheng Li, Hui Ying Zhao, Long Wu, and Ze Xiang Zhao. "Study on Performances and its Structural Designing of the High-Speed CNC Lathe Epoxy Resin Concrete Bed." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 4370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.4370.

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The epoxy resin concrete is one of high performance composite materials used to the basic parts of machine tool and measuring instruments. Based on the study of related technologies at home and abroad, technical route and manufacturing process on the development of machine tool bed have been proposed. The epoxy resin concrete material self developed and results of its performances testing are introduced, and they are contrasted with cast iron material. The high-speed CNC lathe was taken as example which characteristic of the epoxy resin concrete bed structural design has been explained in this paper. The cast iron bed and epoxy resin concrete bed of the high-speed CNC lathe has respectively been analyzed and contrasted by finite element method. At last, the performances of epoxy resin concrete bed exceeding to cast iron bed have been educed.

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43

Danilov, V. N., and L. V. Voronkova. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE SIZE OF FLAKE GRAPHITE INCLUSIONS AND ITS VOLUME CONTENT ON THE ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS OF CAST IRON AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ULTRASONIC LONGITUDINAL WAVE SIGNALS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 279 (September 2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2021.09.pp.004-015.

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Algorithms have been presented for calculating the velocity (in the approximation of a fine-layered model) and the attenuation coefficient of a longitudinal ultrasonic wave in cast iron, depending on the average size of graphite elements and its volume content, the calculation results for which are qualitatively confirmed experimentally. The calculation was performed using a fine-layered model of the structure, the graphite inclusions were described in the form of plane-parallel layers placed in an isotropic elastic medium (metal base). Computer simulation of acoustic paths for a mediumcast iron with flake graphite for standard direct converters is carried out in order to study the influence of such a medium on the characteristics of transmitted and received signals during ultrasonic testing. In the course of the research, a previously developed model was used to calculate the attenuation coefficient of longitudinal waves in cast iron with flake graphite due to their Rayleigh and phase scattering on graphite inclusions. Computer simulation of the acoustic characteristics of the signals of a direct linear probe with a phased array in cast iron with flake graphite was carried out, during which the shape of the acoustic pulses of the longitudinal wave was calculated, depending on the distance traveled by the wave and the value of the attenuation coefficient for various models of cast iron. The main modeled characteristics of the transducer include the directivity characteristic and the change in the signal amplitude along the acoustic axis. It is shown that for cast iron with flake graphite, there are cases when the directivity of the probe with a phased array transmitted into the cast iron is practically absent.

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44

Vasková, I., M. Hrubovčáková, J. Malik, and Š. Eperješi. "Influence of Technological Parameters of Furane Mixtures on Shrinkage Creation in Ductile Cast Iron Castings." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0174.

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Abstract Ductile cast iron (GS) has noticed great development in last decades and its boom has no analogue in history humankind. Ductile iron has broaden the use of castings from cast iron into areas, which where exclusively domains for steel castings. Mainly by castings, which weight is very high, is the propensity to shrinkage creation even higher. Shrinkage creation influences mainly material, construction of casting, gating system and mould. Therefore, the main realized experiment was to ascertain the influence of technological parameters of furane mixture on shrinkage creation in castings from ductile iron. Together was poured 12 testing items in 3 moulds forto determine and compare the impact of various technological parameters forms the propensity for shrinkage in the casting of LGG.

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45

ZHUMADILOVA, Z. O., S. T. KALDYBAYEVA, G. Zh NURULDAEVA, and D. B. KUMAR. "STUDY OF THE THERMOPHYSICAL AND PHYSICAL - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-ALLOYED ALUMINUM CAST IRON CHYU22SH." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 33 (March 20, 2019): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n33.2019.45_periodico33_pgs_30_40.pdf.

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Highly alloyed alloys, in which expensive chromium and nickel are alloying elements, are widely used as heat-resistant materials. Their total content in heat-resistant alloys reaches 30% or more. However, the life of working parts made of heat-resistant alloys is limited. Moreover, the higher the operating temperature, the shorter it is. This leads to increased costs for maintaining the units in working condition. Examples of such parts are the grate of agglomeration machines, details of boiler plants, roasting, heating, and glass melting furnaces, casting molds, exhaust manifolds of forced automobile engines, etc. In this regard, reducing the cost of heatresistant products, while maintaining their operating characteristics and life, becomes very actuality. One of the promising options to solve it is to manufacture these parts made of high-alloyed heat-resistant aluminum cast iron CHYU22SH (CHYU22SH - standard cast iron). Castings made of cast iron CHYU22SH differ, first of all, by being heat resistance at high temperatures in air (up to 1100°C) and in media containing sulfur, sulfur dioxide, oxides of vanadium, and water vapor. In addition, they can functionally operate as a wear-resistant product having high strength at normal and elevated temperatures. The paper presents the thermal and mechanical properties of casting, as well as the results of microstructure analysis of aluminum cast irons. The results of analyses and tests show that cast iron CHYU22SH can be obtained by casting with long walls of a thickness of 4 mm without external and internal defects. By doing so the castings have a uniform structure, high and stable mechanical properties, as well as lower by ~17-24% weight than similar cast of gray iron. The results of experimental - industrial testing laboratory studies confirm the influence of solidification conditions on the parameters of the structure of cast iron CHYU22SH.

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46

Özdemir, Özer, Selim Gürgen, and Melih Cemal Kuşhan. "Ultrasonic Inspection for Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron." Advanced Engineering Forum 39 (February 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.39.9.

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Ultrasonic inspection is a well-known method in non-destructive testing. Based on the changes in the ultrasonic sound speed, tested materials are evaluated in terms of internal defects. In addition to flaw detection, ultrasonic testing is used in the material characterization of ductile cast iron. Graphite shape detection has been widely investigated by ultrasonic inspection in literature. However, most of the measurements has been conducted at single frequencies. In this work, three different nodulizer included casting operations were carried out to produce ductile cast irons having various graphite morphologies. A wide frequency range of 1.25-10 MHz was selected in the ultrasonic inspection. In addition to graphite morphology analyses, the relationship between ultrasonic sound speed and mechanical properties was studied. In the mechanical analyses, hardness and tensile testing properties were investigated for the specimens. From the results, ultrasonic sound speed exhibits a considerable dependency to the graphite morphology. In addition to a good graphite detection capability, ultrasonic inspection exhibits promising results for predicting the mechanical properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, yield strength and tensile strength. It is also found that there is a slight increase in the ultrasonic sound speed by increasing the frequency, although sound speed is independent from this parameter.

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47

Papaphilippou, C., M. Vardavoulias, and M. Jeandin. "Effects of CO2 Laser Surface Hardening in the Unlubricated Wear of Ductile Cast Iron Against Alumina." Journal of Tribology 118, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831603.

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The microstructure of a ferrito-pearlitic ductile cast iron has been modified by CO2 laser surface hardening. Analysis of the laser-processed surfaces showed a dramatic increase in microhardness. Dry sliding wear of laser-treated specimens against an alumina counterbody has been investigated by “ball-on-disk” testing. The evolution of the wear coefficient, as well as metallographic observations, revealed an oxidational wear mechanism. The wear resistance of the laser-treated samples was significantly enhanced. The laser-treated cast iron has a better resistance to abrasion and plastic deformation. The improvement of the wear resistance was due to the fine and homogeneous microstructure produced after laser-treatment. Wear plots showing the evolution of wear coefficient with normal load, sliding velocity, and humidity have been established. The wear of the laser-treated cast iron is not influenced by the variation of operating conditions (normal load, sliding velocity, and relative humidity).

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48

Filípek, Josef, and Roman Březina. "The structure and the test conditions influence to the abrasive wear." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, no. 1 (2007): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755010045.

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The paper concerns about the comparison of abrasive wear of testing samples made of various metal materials (steels, isothermally heat-treated cast iron with spheroidal graphite, weld deposit) during both laboratory and operational tests.

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Bono, Richard W., and Gail R. Stultz. "Resonant Inspection Applied to 100% Testing of Nodularity of Cast Ductile Iron." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2008): 1247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2577.

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50

Liu, Hao, Peijian Chen, Haifeng Yang, Jingbin Hao, Xianhua Tian, Xiuli He, and Gang Yu. "Processing Window and Microstructure of NiCoCrAlY Coating Deposited on Cast Iron Using Multilayer Laser Cladding." Journal of Spectroscopy 2019 (February 17, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9308294.

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Cast iron is an iron-carbon alloy widely used in mechanical engineering. Nickel-base or cobalt-base alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding can improve the surface properties of cast iron, thereby increasing the service life of the components; however, due to the poor weldability and high carbon content of cast iron, the use of laser cladding to prepare alloy coatings faces many difficulties. To reduce the brittleness of the bonded interface, laser cladding was applied to the surface of cast iron using a multilayer deposition strategy. Through testing of the single-track laser cladding, the causes of defects in the coating are analysed, including poor bonding, slag inclusions, and pores. An analytical model based on mass and heat conservation is developed, and a processing window of laser tracks without defects is determined thereby. NiCoCrAlY alloy coating prepared by overlapping laser tracks mainly consists of γ-(Fe, Ni) dendrites and interdendritic M7C3 and M23C6 carbides. Although there are no cracks in a single laser track, cracks are detected when laser tracks are overlapped under the same process parameters. The increase in laser power helps to reduce cracking susceptibility on this occasion. The morphology of the grain in NiCoCrAlY alloy coating is mainly epitaxially grown columnar crystals. The increase in microhardness of the coating is mainly attributed to ductile dendrites, precipitated carbides, and grain refinement.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cast-iron Testing'

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