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1
R. S, Medhe, and Archana Kujur. "A REVIEW ON DIVERSE ASPECTS OF SCHEDULE CASTES OF INDIA." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 2000–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v10i1.4670.
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This paper giving review of diverse aspects of scheduled castes in India. A brief overview of the caste system and discusses the types of groups and their social, economic, political, educational and cultural aspects too. This paper try to show the variation between developments of various group of scheduled castes. Through this paper we can say that there is region wise and caste wise variation in the process of development. Religion conversion from Hindu to other is also important factor in the process of development of scheduled castes
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Mitra, Subrata K. "Caste, Democracy and the Politics of Community Formation in India." Sociological Review 41, no. 1_suppl (May 1993): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1993.tb03400.x.
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This chapter examines debates about the survival of caste in India today. It argues that caste is an institution which has both ‘traditional’ and ‘modern’ aspects, both ‘primordial’ and instrumental dimensions as, indeed, it probably always had. Mitra rejects the view of modernisation theorists, and of secular Indian intellectuals, who consider that caste is just a hangover from a discredited past. Arguing in favour of an instrumentalist, rather than essentialist, view of caste, he suggests that castes may have a useful role in the formation of identity and, as such, may help in the formation of the nation and state. Castes are resources that actors use to promote their own interests. Caste consciousness destroys those very aspects of the caste system which the essentialist view presented as immutable. The continuation of an essentialist perception of caste serves only to drive a wedge between the state and society. It gives rise to the stigma which prevents the law, bureaucracy and media from doing those things that would help transform castes into social organisations available for the creation of a plural and multi-cultural nation. Mitra develops his argument by focusing on three empirical areas: competitive politics, positive discrimination and the market economy.
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M, Bhimraj. "The ‘Caste’ as ‘Discrimination Based on Work and Descent’ in International Law: Convincing or Compromising?" International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 27, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 796–825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02704005.
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The difficulty in categorising caste discrimination into standard categories of human rights violations has forced Dalit activists into comparing caste discrimination with racial discrimination – a highly condemned practice in international law. This strategy materialised through the word ‘descent’ in Article 1 of the icerd. Currently, caste discrimination has become important on the human rights agenda under the guise of ‘discrimination based on work and descent’ (dwd), and by extension, ‘racial discrimination’. The main theme of this article is to address the capability of the dwd mechanism to comprehensively capture the intricacies of caste discrimination. Upon analysis, it was found that dwd dilutes the religious aspect of the caste system. Hence, this article advocates a caste-specific Convention, which focuses on both religious and secular aspects of the caste system. This won’t happen soon; therefore, caste should be maintained as a unique form of dwd in the meantime.
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CHOWDHRY, PREM. "‘First Our Jobs Then Our Girls’: The Dominant Caste Perceptions on the ‘Rising’ Dalits." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 2 (March 2009): 437–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x07003010.
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AbstractIn the post-colonial shifting of material, legal and ideological bases, some of the given patterns of relationships between individuals and caste groups have changed and weakened because of the introduction of new, parallel and alternative structures of relationships. This change has left the dominant caste groups feeling palpably insecure in relation to the dalits. While delineating this relationship, this article seeks to argue that the cases of dalit and dominant/upper caste members' elopement and marriage represent a high point in the ongoing conflictual relationship between them, as these are viewed as forms of dalit assertion. Although many caste groups and communities are involved in inter-caste marriages and associations that defy customary norms and caste practices and have no social acceptance, it is in relation to a dalit and non-dalit association or marriage that certain aspects, which impinge on wider issues, come to the surface more pronouncedly. For the dominant caste groups such associations remain the most viable and potent issues to garner a wider collective support, cutting across class/caste/community and age divides. These cases are selectively made a public spectacle by the dominant caste groups to settle wider issues at stake verging on contemporary political and economic interests.
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Ramaswamy, Mahesh, and S. Asha. "Caste Politics and State Integration: a Case Study of Mysore State." International Journal of Area Studies 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijas-2015-0009.
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Abstract The subject of unification is as vibrant as national movement even after 58 years of a fractured verdict. More than to achieve a physical conjugation it was an attempt for cultural fusion. The aspiration for linguistic unification was a part of the national discourse. The movement, which began with mystic originations, later on turned out to become communal. Political changes during 1799 A.D. and 1857 A.D. changed the fortunes of Mysore state and ultimately led to its disintegration and became the reason for this movement. The concept of unification is akin to the spirit of nationalism, against the background of colonial regime assigning parts of land to different administrative units without taking into consideration the historical or cultural aspects of that place. Kannadigas marooned in multi lingual states experient an orphaned situation got aroused with the turn of nineteenth century. The problem precipitated by the company was diluted by British when they introduced English education. Though the positive aspect like emergence of middle class is pragmatic, rise of communalism on the other hand is not idealistic. This research paper is designed to examine the polarization of castes during unification movement of Mysore State (Presently called as State of Karnataka, since 1973, which was termed Mysore when integrated) which came into being in 1956 A.D. Most of the previous studies concentrate on two aspects viz ideological discourse and organizational strategies adopted to gain Unification. The course of the unifi cation movement and role of Congress party dominates such studies while some of them concentrate on the leaders of the movement. Other studies are ethnographical in nature. ‘Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats’ written by Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil is a classic example. Mention may be made here of an recent attempt by Harish Ramaswamy in his ‘Karnataka Government and Politics’ which has covered almost all aspects of emergence of Karnataka as a state but communal politics during unification movement has found no place. ‘Rethinking State Politics in India: Regions within Regions’ is an edited book by Ashutosh Kumar which has articles on ‘Castes and Politics of Marginality’ where a reference is made to caste associations and identity politics of Lingayats, but the area of study is neighboring Maharashtra and not Karnataka. Though it contains two articles on Karnataka its subject matter doesn’t pertain to this topic. One more important effort is by ‘Imagining Unimaginable Communities: Political and Social Discourse in Modern Karnataka’ where the author Raghavendra Rao thinks Karnataka and India as two unimaginable communities and discuss primarily the founding moments of negotiation between the discourses of Indian nationalism and Kannada linguistic nationalism. It is more an intellectual history and throws light on nationalism in a colonial context. Mostly studies concentrate on either the course or the leaders of the movement. Invariably congress as an organization finds place in all studies. But the blemish of such studies is a lesser concentration on activities of major socio cultural groups. The role of socio cultural groups assumes importance because of the milieu at the beginning of 20th century which annunciated a wave of social changes in the state. It is a known fact that the movement for linguistic state was successful in bringing a political integration of five separate sub regions but failed to unite people culturally. This concept of unification which is akin to the spirit of nationalism got expressed at the regional level in the sense of respect for once own culture, language and people. In case of Karnataka this expression had political overtones too which is expressed by some who fought for it (Srinivas & Narayan, 1946 ). Most of the early leaders of unification movement (and for that matter even movement for independence too can be cited here) belonged to one particular caste, and with passing of time has led to the notion of domination of that caste over the movement. This paper tries to give justice in a limited way by giving legitimate and adequate recognition for those castes which deserves it and do away with misconceptions. Two concepts political modernization and social mobility are used. The later derives its existence from the former in this case. The data used here is primarily gained from news papers and secondary sources like books and interviews given by participants. No hypothesis is tested nor any theory is developed in this attempt but historical materials are examined in the light of modernity. The key problem discussed here is emergence of communal politics and the role of social groups in unification. Biases of regionalism, caste and class have been overcome by rational thinking.
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Haque, Ismail, Dipendra Nath Das, and Priyank Pravin Patel. "Spatial Segregation in Indian Cities." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 9, no. 1 (March 2018): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425317749657.
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As India transforms into an increasingly urban society, ward-level data from the 2011 Indian Census is analysed to decipher how inequality patterns vary across different scales of urban settlements, highlighting the spatial segregation by gender, caste, socio-economic status (SES) and access to goods, by examining a specific state (Uttar Pradesh) as a microcosm to account for the nation’s enormous socio-political diversity. Caste-based spatial segregation is greater in small and medium cities compared to metropolises, possibly from greater intermingling of socio-cultural identities in larger urban locales that lower caste barriers. This also applies to segregation by SES. Contrastingly, segregation by gender or by access to essential goods is higher in larger and medium cities. Within cities, caste-based segregation is greater than that by SES. A stark spatial segregation in terms of households’ (HHs) access to essential public and private goods exists, often higher than even caste-based segregation. Summary explanations for these differentials in spatial segregation across settlements scales are offered, highlighting probable further research aspects.
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Mayer, Peter. "The Better Angels of Their Natures? The Declining Rate of Homicides against India’s Dalits." Studies in Indian Politics 5, no. 2 (October 11, 2017): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023017727956.
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There is a common perception—made the more acute by the growing focus on rapes since the horrific gang rape incident in Delhi in 2012—that India is an increasingly violent society. One can even see aspects of this perspective in official documents. Crime in India, 2009 for example observed that ‘The quantum of total violent crimes [increased] continuously … from 2005 to 2009’. This article focuses on serious, violent crimes against India’s Dalits (Scheduled Castes), especially homicides, as they appear in official statistics. It suggests that contrary to popular understanding, murder, rape and arson directed against Dalits have declined significantly since a peak in the early 1990s. The article argues that, in part, the declines are due to the social mobilization of Dalits, the emergence of lower caste and Dalit political parties in north India and specific aspects of political competition. But another, broader and important influence, perhaps related to what Steven Pinker has called ‘the better angels of our nature’, is an unnoticed but significant decline in overall rates of interpersonal violence in India.
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Raheja, Gloria Goodwin. "Centrality, Mutuality and Hierarchy: Shifting Aspects of Inter-Caste Relationships in North India." Contributions to Indian Sociology 23, no. 1 (January 1989): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/006996689023001006.
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Shahi, Sagar. "Understanding Vikas: How Dalits Make Sense of Development in Rural Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 14, no. 1-2 (December 10, 2017): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v14i1-2.19653.
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The experiences, views and opinions of the marginalized people have generally not been included in the development discourse, even though they supposedly are the beneficiaries of development. Dalits are not only marginalized but also untouchable in the Hindu caste hierarchy. Notion of 'untouchability' labeled the Dalits unique characters in their identity from which other castes do not suffer. This study explores the Dalits’ understanding on development. It shows that the meaning of development is contextual and Dalits understand it differently according to their age and educational background. Their understanding on development mostly refers to infrastructural, social, economic, human, cultural and political aspects of development. This study suggests a more culturally sensitive development practices that address/incorporate Dalits issues in a holistic way. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 98-111
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Ghimire, Dipesh. "Debates on Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Nepal." KMC Research Journal 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcrj.v2i2.29949.
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The term “Social Exclusion” is used to describe a wide range of phenomena and processes related not only to poverty and deprivation, but also to social, cultural and political disadvantages, and in relation to a wide range of categories of excluded people. However, there is no single way of understanding the concepts of social exclusion and inclusion. In the context of Nepal, power was consolidated by interlinking it with the Hindu caste system. The social order was exclusionary because it classified all groups as distinct castes within the broad framework of the Hindu system of the four varnas based on concepts of ritual purity and pollution. This paper has attempted to present a quick and preliminary discussion on theoretical perspectives on social exclusion and inclusion. The paper has also emphasized on the major debates on social exclusion and inclusion in Nepal and thematic aspects of social exclusion and inclusion.
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Annapuranam, K., and Anand Inbanathan. "What Really Causes for Exclusion? An Analysis with Special Reference to Scheduled Castes." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 9, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x17721536.
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Poverty excludes people from various social functions and deprives the quality of life of people who live in poverty. The scheduled castes (SCs) are the majority who come under poverty and are most deprived of availing the services and opportunities which enhance their capability and standard of living. But the magnitude of deprivation varies across different subcategories. This is just because of being at the bottom of the caste hierarchy. It is a major constraint and still limits their mobility in various aspects of life. This condition not only excludes them from the mainstream society but also contributes to the further increase of social inequality. Thus, even as social mobility can be seen through the affirmative action, the majority still face different forms of exclusion which keep them out of these benefits. This article attempts to explore the process of exclusion related to various aspects of social life of the SC population and also illustrates the mechanisms that are obstacles on the path of inclusive development. Furthermore, it expresses concern over education, employment, political rights, civil rights, social justice and social participation and regard them as being of immense importance to the well-being of SCs.
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Bansode, Rupali. "The missing dalit women in testimonies of #MeToo sexual violence: Learnings for social movements." Contributions to Indian Sociology 54, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966719885563.
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While the #MeToo movement inspired many women to share their stories of sexual harassment on social media, the impact of the movement in India remains limited as it did not reflect the voices of subjects who have been historically marginalised. This note discusses the ways in which the erasure of dalit women’s testimonies of sexual violence happens by reflecting on a few central aspects of Satyabhama’s case, a victim/survivor of a caste-based incident of sexual violence in Maharashtra. It argues the relevance and importance of dalit women’s testimonies of sexual violence, which have been overlooked, for strengthening both the feminist and the dalit movements.
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Battaglini, Marco, and Eleonora Patacchini. "Social Networks in Policy Making." Annual Review of Economics 11, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 473–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-030419.
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Recent advances in data collection, computing power, and theoretical modeling have stimulated a growing literature in economics and political science studying how social networks affect policy making. We survey this literature focusing on two main aspects. First, we discuss the literature studying how (and if) social connections in Congress affect legislative behavior. We then discuss how social connections affect the relationship between policy makers and the outside world, focusing on lobbying; the importance of family, caste, and ethnic networks; and social media and public activism. In our discussion, we highlight the key methodological challenges in this literature, how they have been addressed, and the prospects for future research.
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Giri, Madhu. "Devaluation of Cultural Life: A Study of Reconstruction-Resilience Practices of an Earthquake Displaced Community." Molung Educational Frontier 11 (June 17, 2021): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mef.v11i0.37836.
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This article investigates how earthquake reconstruction was practiced without considering socio-cultural values in the dislocated community after the 2015 earthquake. The process of disaster resilience tended to focus only on technical structures like the number of houses and school buildings as the main indicators of recovery from earthquake. The resilience programs conducted by the government and NGOs did not pay due attention to caste/ethnic tensions, religious division, political clash, and cultural loss among the villagers. In this study I thus wanted to know what were the meanings/ interpretations of reconstruction and community resilience; how reconstruction programs considered socio-cultural resilience; what socio-cultural aspects in practices of reconstruction were missing, and what were the challenges of cultural resilience among the displaced communities. The study was done at Kunchok-Nabalpur of Sidhupalchok. Local people’s perspectives of reconstruction, values, cultural life (ethnographic study) and narratives were collected by using observation, interview, case study and field visit methods. The study found that caste/ethnic, religious and cultural cohesion had not been reinstalled. Socio-cultural diversity and diverse social needs of displaced people were ignored by the resilience programs of the government. This shows how technocratic reconstruction programs were not as effective as expected due to the devaluation of socio-cultural life of the disaster displaced people who otherwise could contribute to the policy and programs of sustainable and inclusive development of the society.
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Barua, Ankur. "Revisiting the Gandhi–Ambedkar Debates over ‘Caste’: The Multiple Resonances of Varņa." Journal of Human Values 25, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685818805328.
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While Gandhi and Ambedkar hold similar standpoints on the relation between religious orderings of the world and shapes of social existence, they sharply diverge, on certain occasions, regarding the question of what the crucial terms ‘caste’ and varņa refer to, so that they often seem to be talking past each other. Gandhi sought to cut through various traditional forms of Hindu socio-religious practices and develop a Hinduism which is grounded in the values of universal peace, love and benevolence. Ambedkar too rejected aspects of familiar historical varieties of Buddhism and configured a new vehicle whose goals were to be more specifically material than spiritual. However, while both Gandhi and Ambedkar thus sought to uncover the revitalizing impulses of religious ideals, they operated with different imaginations of the type of polity that would emerge from this social reconstruction. For Gandhi, the reinvigorated socio-religious whole would be structured by an ideal notion of varņa in which there would be no enmity among the interdependent units. For Ambedkar, in contrast, the vocabulary of varņa was irredeemably corrupted through its enmeshment in millennia-old structures of hierarchy, so that its employment would not generate sufficient momentum to break through entrenched systems of oppression.
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Morrison, Minion K. C. "Intragroup Conflict in African–American Leadership: The Case of Tchula, Mississippi." Comparative Studies in Society and History 32, no. 4 (October 1990): 701–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500016704.
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Black electoral leaders in the post-civil rights South have exhibited broad agreement on the nature of the political task of displacing unresponsive white elites from power and directing attention to the previously excluded black constituency. There are a few cases, however, in which the commonly expected solidarity and consensus among the black elected leaders has not occurred, despite intensified hostility from the white elite. In this analysis these circumstances are explored from one small town in Mississippi where blacks won nearly total administrative control in 1977. However, the apparent leadership consensus, though fragile, quickly evaporated, due to conflicts of ideology, class, idiosyncrasy, and racial invidiousness. This ultimately led to administrative paralysis in the allocation and management of scarce political goods. In this town where there were broad disagreements between three sets of political contenders, each sought to dominate the policy process by staffing various public positions. The scarcity of these positions, the diametrically opposed goals of the contenders, and the precariousness of the control exerted even by the administrative leadership produced a hopeless struggle. Eventually the government crumbled. Analysis reveals that the complex sociopolitical environment and certain aspects of the political structure contributed to this breakdown. The rapid development of a tripartite leadership cleavage was hardly accommodated by political structures designed to serve the ends of a racial caste system. The fragility of the political environment and the absence of structural mechanisms for conflict resolution severely diminished the ability of the new leaders to perform.
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Mann, Gregory. "What's in an Alias? Family Names, Individual Histories, and Historical Method in the Western Sudan." History in Africa 29 (2002): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172166.
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Writing in his Les Bambara du Ségou et du Kaarta, the French colonial administrator and ethnographer Charles Monteil considered the family name, or jamu, to sum up the history of the community which bears it: it refers to everything which concerns the ancestors, as well as the accomplishments of current members of the community, including their turpitudes and even their alliances, be they fraternal, conjugal, political, or supernatural.Monteil was right, to a certain degree. In the Western Sudan, family names are weighted with history and significance. Yet what Monteil characterized as evidence of stability and tradition, Charles Bird has more recently called a “ticket to mobility.” The fluidity and mobility that had come to characterize the jamu eluded Monteil entirely, just as its mutability often eludes contemporary historians.A jamu represents both an all-important identity marker and an instrument of “mobility.” Yet it is also highly contigent, even aleatory. This mobility has a double sense, signifying both the mutable nature of the name itself and its potential for “making outsiders insiders” by creating an immediate link between people who would otherwise be strangers. Jamuw—the plural takes a ‘w’—also have a deep historicity. Embedded in them are history and myth, along with suggestions of family occupational category—commonly referred to as ‘caste’—and social status. Epics such as Sundiata often provide etymologies and legendary origins of family names, and scholars have sought—misguidedly—to use these to understand the historical processes of ‘caste’ formation and other aspects of the distant Mande past.
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Oza, Preeti. "BUDDHISM IN MODERN INDIA: ASSERTION OF IDENTITY AND AUTHORITY FOR DALITS (SOCIAL CHANGES AND CULTURAL HISTORY)." GAP BODHI TARU - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES 2, no. 3 (December 8, 2019): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47968/gapbodhi.230010.
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In the Lotus Sutra (the first Sutra introduced into China and Vietnam from India), the Buddha is described as the most respected and loved creature who walked on two feet. This was precisely the reason why Dalits in India have started the Navayana Buddhism or the Neo- Buddhist movement which is a very socially and politically engaged form of Buddhism. For Dalits, whose material circumstances were very different from the ainstream upper castes, the motivation always remained: to learn about suffering and to reach its end, in each person‘s life and in society. Many of them have turned to Dhamma in response to the Buddha‘s central message about suffering and the end of suffering. Previously lower-caste Hindus, the Indian Buddhists in Nagpur converted under the olitical influence of Babasaheb Ambedkar, the author of India‘s constitution, to denounce caste oppression. They became Buddhist for political and spiritual reasons, and today, the implications of their actions continue to unfold in many ways. Their belief in the four seals of Buddhism – All compounded things are impermanent, All emotions are the pain, All things have no inherent existence and Nirvana is beyond concepts, have made them renounce the atrocities and injustice of Hindu savarnas which were carried on since last many centuries. It is well known that Buddha began his investigation into the mysteries of life by his acute awareness of the painful aspects of his immediate experiences. His encounter with the disease, old age, death, and its sorrowful effects were instrumental in developing a whole philosophy based on the fact of suffering (duḥkha).In his book The Buddha and His Dhamma, Dr. Ambedkar has proposed his concept of Navaya Buddhism which was not very similar to the mainstream traditional Buddhism. His idea was more to discard the practices of karma, rebirth in an afterlife, or related rituals and to use religion in terms of class struggle and social equality. He adopts science, activism, and social reform as a form of Engaged Buddhism. Many critics have identified this phenomenon as a synthesis of the ideas of modern Karl Marx into the structure of ideas by the ancient Buddha. ―Whenever the ethical or moral value of activities or conditions is questioned, the value of religion is involved; and all deep-stirring experiences invariably compel a reconsideration of the most fundamental ideas, whether they are explicitly religious or not.‖ (Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics). This paper tries to discuss the role of Buddhism in Modern Indian social problematic reference to context.
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Kumar, Suresh. "Kaleidoscopic Portrayal of Early Twentieth-Century British India: A Study of Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 6 (July 3, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i6.11100.
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Mulk Raj Anand (1905-2004) is considered one of the pioneering Indian writers in English of Anglo-Indian fiction who gained international acclaim. Along with R.K. Narayana, and Raja Rao, he is popularly known as the trio of Indian English novelists. He marked his revolutionary appearance by giving voice to the oppressed section of the society with his novel, Untouchable in 1935. In this novel, he takes a day from the life of Bakha, a young sweeper who is an untouchable because of his work of cleaning latrines in the early 20th century British India. Discrimination based on caste and poverty are the two focal points of this novel. This paper aims at portraying a kaleidoscope of socio-cultural, economic and political spheres of life. It aims at painting the unexplored, and less talked vistas of life. Hence while revisiting untouchability and poverty, this paper offers an analysis to a variety of colours or a collage of varied aspects of human life.
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Kumar, Suresh. "Kaleidoscopic Portrayal of Early Twentieth-Century British India: A Study of Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i7.11115.
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Mulk Raj Anand (1905-2004) is considered one of the pioneering Indian writers in English of Anglo-Indian fiction who gained international acclaim. Along with R.K. Narayana, and Raja Rao, he is popularly known as the trio of Indian English novelists. He marked his revolutionary appearance by giving voice to the oppressed section of the society with his novel, Untouchable in 1935. In this novel, he takes a day from the life of Bakha, a young sweeper who is an untouchable because of his work of cleaning latrines in the early 20th century British India. Discrimination based on caste and poverty are the two focal points of this novel. This paper aims at portraying a kaleidoscope of socio-cultural, economic and political spheres of life. It aims at painting the unexplored, and less talked vistas of life. Hence while revisiting untouchability and poverty, this paper offers an analysis to a variety of colours or a collage of varied aspects of human life.
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Dube, Saurabh. "Paternalism and Freedom: The Evangelical Encounter in Colonial Chhattisgarh, Central India." Modern Asian Studies 29, no. 1 (February 1995): 171–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0001266x.
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This paper traces aspects of the evangelical encounter in Chhattisgarh, a large region bound through linguistic ties in Central India. Evangelical missionaries, bearing the Cross and signs of civilization, arrived in Chhattisgarh in the 1860s. Oscar Lohr, the pioneer missionary of the German Evangelical Mission Society, chanced upon a group of heathens, the Satnamis, whose faith enjoined them to believe in one god and to reject idolatory and caste. Was this not the hand of ‘divine providence’? The missionary, it seemed, had only to reveal the evangelical ‘truth’ to the Satnamis before they would en masse‘witness’ and be redeemed by Christ-the-Saviour. The group did not see the coming of the millennium. It did not go forward to meet its destiny. The missionaries persevered. The halting enterprise of conversion in the region grew primarily through ties of kinship among indigenous groups and the prospects of a better life under the paternalist economy of mission stations.
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Patil, Ramesh H. "The Social Status of Indian Women of Different Periods in the Patriarchal Society." Research Ambition An International Multidisciplinary e-Journal 5, no. 4 (February 28, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/ambition/v5n4.06.
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This study seeks to study the social status of women in India from ancient times to the present day. It mainly studies the social status of women in each era. The findings of this study show that in every age, the status of women has always been secondary to that of men and in patriarchal societies. At the same time, the social, economic, educational, marital, cultural and religious status of women in our society is inferior to that of men. Even today, in the 21st century Indian patriarchal society, women do not have the same status as men. The findings of this study attempt to analyze the social status of women in all areas of a patriarchal society. In Indian society, the role of women is secondary in all aspects of society, such as family, religion, law and media. Everything like reproduction, labor force, sexuality, means of production are under the control of culture. This is why in all these cases woman is left behind in the social position as a man. Considering the social relations between men and women at different levels of social life, it is seen that women do not get equal status with men in all aspects of social life like family, religion, caste and culture. She thinks of men as slaves, possessions, and possessions. In social life, women have been deprived of political, religious, cultural and family rights. “Chool and Mool”,”Muki Bichari- Kunihi Haka” is the attitude towards women which is found to be sexually motivated.
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Kumar, Ankit. "Expertise, legitimacy and subjectivity: Three techniques for a will to govern low carbon energy projects in India." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 39, no. 6 (January 12, 2021): 1192–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654420965565.
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This paper advances the understanding of the politics of governing energy for development projects by non-state actors. Building on Tania Murray Li’s work on trusteeship, and drawing on governmentality studies, along with ethnographic insights from two low carbon energy projects, this paper illuminates two less examined aspects of politics of energy projects. First, the designs of these projects embed particular imagined subjects, and specific techniques, to afford governance. In particular, trustees use techniques of expertise, techniques of legitimacy, and techniques of subjectivity. Second, trusteeship is a contingent phenomenon as a clear line between trustees and subjects is often missing. Many actors, simultaneously trustees and subjects, also carry socio-cultural subjectivities of class, caste and gender, which complicates the conduct of conduct. Some trustees look for benefiting people, some for profits, some to make a political career and, yet others, to support their social groups. By engaging with trusteeship, the paper flags that the governance techniques do not always benefit the ‘beneficiaries’ and are often counterproductive. The article emerges from nine-month ethnographic research done in 2012–13 in five villages in India using participant observations, interviews and group discussion, in addition to analysis of project websites and documentary materials.
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Green, Dari. "Exploring the Implications of Culturally Relevant Teaching: Toward a Pedagogy of Liberation." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 49, no. 3 (October 25, 2019): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241619880334.
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Schools in America may provide opportunities for upward mobility while also perpetuating social inequality. The inequities found in the US public school system probably result in such a highly stratified society. Conditions found in many schools and classrooms are often a microcosm of the same conditions and factors present in the broader American society. Scholars and education reform activists often use the term school-to-prison pipeline to describe what they view as a widespread pattern in the United States of pushing students, especially those who are already at a disadvantage, out of school, and into the criminal justice system. This research explored whether mentorship in the lives of these very students can affect the trajectory that these students take in life by moving toward a pedagogy of liberation that challenges the inequities and contradictions in the institution of education. Building from a model similar to CDF Freedom Schools, but targeting academic enrichment, Farrah and her colleague Hope developed the Sankofa Project at Yin Elementary School (YES). Embracing both the social-emotional and pedagogical aspects of CDF Freedom Schools, the Sankofa Project moved from a mission that sought to instill a love for reading to actually teaching children to read. This aspect was pivotally important to Farrah and Hope as they sought to dismantle the “cradle to prison pipeline,” the concept of funneling masses of people into marginalized lives, imprisonment, and often premature death. Farrah believed that all her predecessors had done “was spot on, but academic enrichment was a key to steering children away from the pipeline.” With the rebirth of a caste-like system in America, black and brown bodies are disproportionately locked behind bars, relegated permanent second-class status if declared a felon and an increasingly common trend toward annihilation at the hands of those of who are designated to serve and protect them.
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Küey, L. "Room for hope: How to deal with growing racism and discrimination?" European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.897.
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Discrimination could be defined as the attitudes and behavior based on the group differences. Any group acknowledged and proclaimed as ‘the other’ by prevailing zeitgeist and dominant social powers, and further dehumanized may become the subject of discrimination. Moreover, internalized discrimination perpetuates this process. In a spectrum from dislike and micro-aggression to overt violence towards ‘the other’, it exists almost in all societies in varying degrees and forms; all forms involving some practices of exclusion and rejection. Hence, almost all the same human physical and psychosocial characteristics that constitute the bases for in-group identities and reference systems could also become the foundations of discrimination towards the humans identified as out-groups. Added to this, othering, arising from imagined and generalized differences and used to distinguish groups of people as separate from the norm reinforces and maintains discrimination.Accordingly, discrimination built on race, color, sex, gender, gender identity, nationality and ethnicity, religious beliefs, age, physical and mental disabilities, employment, caste and language have been the focus of a vast variety of anti-discriminatory and inclusive efforts. National acts and international legislative measures and conventions, political and public movements and campaigns, human rights movements, education programs, NGO activities are some examples of such anti-discriminatory and inclusive efforts. All these efforts have significant economic, political and psychosocial components.Albeit the widespread exercise of discrimination, peoples of the world also have a long history of searching, aiming and practicing more inclusive ways of solving conflicts of interests between in-groups and out-groups. This presentation will mainly focus on the psychosocial aspects of the anti-discriminative efforts and search a room for hope and its realistic bases for a more non-violent, egalitarian and peaceful human existence.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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B, CHINTHU I. "Educational Progress in Travancore: Review on the Role of Travancore Royal Family in Higher Education." GIS Business 14, no. 3 (June 21, 2019): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4668.
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“Education is the basic tool for the development of consciousness and the reconstitution of society” -Mahatma Gandhi.
In Kerala formal and higher education started much earlier than rest of the Indian states. Educational initiatives made the state the most literate one and placed it as well ahead in gender and spatial equity. During the initial phase of educational expansion, education got its prominence for its intrinsic worthiness and played the role of enlightenment and empowerment. Kerala has occupied a prominent place on the educational map of the country from its ancient time. Though there is no clear picture of the educational system that prevailed in the early centuries of the Christian Era, the Tamil works of the Sangam age enable us to get interesting glimpses of the educational scene in Tamilakam including the present Kerala[i]. The standards of literacy and education seem to have been high. The universal education was the main feature of sangam period.
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Evolution and Growth of Cyber Crimes: An Analys on the Kerala Scenario
S S KARTHIK KUMAR
Crime is a common word that we always hereof in this era of globalization. Crimes refer to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. Crime and criminality have been associated with man since time immemorial.
Cyber crime is a new type of crime that occurs in these years of Science and Technology. There are a lot of definitions for cyber crime. It is defined as crimes committed on the internet using the computer as either a tool or a targeted victim. In addition, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes that been conducted with the access of Internet. For example hate crimes, telemarketing Internet fraud, identity theft, and credit card account thefts. In simple word, cyber crime can be defined as any violence action that been conducted by using computer or other devices with the access of internet.
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Myriad Aspects of Secular Thinking on Malayali Cuisine
SAJITHA M
Food is one of the main requirements of human being. It is flattering for the preservation of wellbeing and nourishment of the body. The food of a society exposes its custom, prosperity, status, habits as well as it help to develop a culture. Food is one of the most important social indicators of a society. History of food carries a dynamic character in the socio- economic, political, and cultural realm of a society. The food is one of the obligatory components in our daily life. It occupied an obvious atmosphere for the augmentation of healthy life and anticipation against the diseases. The food also shows a significant character in establishing cultural distinctiveness, and it reflects who we are. Food also reflected as the symbol of individuality, generosity, social status and religious believes etc in a civilized society. Food is not a discriminating aspect. It is the part of a culture, habits, addiction, and identity of a civilization.Food plays a symbolic role in the social activities the world over. It’s a universal sign of hospitality.[i]
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Re-Appraising Taxation in Travancore and It's Caste Interference
REVATHY V S
Travancore , one of the Princely States in British India and later became the Model State in British India carried a significant role in history when analysing its system of taxation. Tax is one of the chief means for acquiring revenue and wealth. In the modern sense, tax means an amount of money imposed by a government on its citizens to run a state or government. But the system of taxation in the Native States of Travancore had an unequal character or discriminatory character and which was bound up with the caste system. In the case of Travancore and its society, the so called caste system brings artificial boundaries in the society.[i]
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Second World War and Its Repercussions: Impetus on Poverty in Travancore
SAFEED R
In the first half of the twentieth century the world witnessed two deadliest wars and it directly or indirectly affected the countries all over the world. The First World War from 1914-1918 and the Second World War from 1939-1945 shooked the base of the socio-economic and political structure of the entire world. When compared to the Second World War, the First World War confined only within the boundaries of Europe and has a minimal effect on the other parts of the world. The Second World War was most destructive in nature and it changed the existing socio-economic and political setup of the world countries.
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Sankar, Vinay. "Politics of Cultural Commons: A Case Study of Sacred Groves in Central Kerala." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.vi0.774.
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Sacred groves or sacred natural sites (SNS) are defined areas of land and bodies of water with considerable socio-cultural and ecological value. This study attempts to analyse SNS using the framework of commons or common-pool resources and understand the implications regarding the access to and ecological sustainability of these sacred spaces. A set of ten groves from an inventory of sacred groves reported by the Institute of Foresters Kerala were chosen using purposive sampling to cover various types of custodianship and communities in the district of Thrissur. This district houses the most famous sacred grove in Kerala and is known for consecrating sacred groves and expunging spirits. A field survey employing an observation schedule and semi-structured interviews were undertaken focusing on the biophysical, socio-cultural, and institutional aspects of the SNS. Understanding the relationship between grove ecosystems and stakeholder communities was the objective of the study. The management of SNS in the study sites does not show much evidence of collective action. There is a tendency of SNS to become 'club goods' over a period of time. Regardless of types of custodianship, SNS exhibit properties of common-pool resources from an ecological point of view. Even when customarily managed along caste lines, access was not physically restricted. Recent constructions of concrete boundaries around SNS, conversion of groves to temples, and increasing intensity and frequency of rituals have changed the socio-cultural and ecological character of these spaces. The study shows that the perspective of the commons is inadequate to capture the underlying power dynamics of institutions of SNS. Understanding the transformation of SNS from being 'open' and inclusive to closed and elitist temple spaces need a different language of political ecology.
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Шульман, Екатерина Михайловна, and Анастасия Александровна Кутузова. "THE POLITICAL REALITY OF MODERN CARTOONS: REGIME TRANSFORMATIONS AND SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS." ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ. Journal of Visual Semiotics, no. 2(28) (April 20, 2021): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2312-7899-2021-2-81-95.
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В статье рассмотрены новые направления социально-политической трансформации современного общества и их отражение в мультипликации. Показана взаимосвязь изменения социальных норм и базовых сюжетных линий мультипликационных фильмов. Особое внимание уделяется возрастающей роли горизонтальных социальных связей и повышению ценности институтов семьи и репутации, вызванному высочайшей степенью транспарентности информационного общества. При этом ценность индивидуализма отходит на второй план, уступая место взаимопомощи для достижения общего блага. Кроме того, отмечено изменение представлений о романтической любви и отношениях поколений. Проведен анализ иллюстраций создания и разрушения авторитарных политических моделей в современных мультфильмах. Показана актуальность в мультипликационных фильмах тем борьбы с тиранией и гражданской самоорганизации. Popular culture reflects not only events, but also the nature of the modern era and problematic aspects that require the attention of the state and society. The article examines new vectors of socio-political transformation of modern society and their reflection in animation. The study of modern cartoons shows that they have replaced traditional myths and began to broadcast social norms and their transformation. Special attention is paid to the growing role of horizontal ties and the increase in the value of the family and the institution of reputation, caused by the highest degree of transparency of the modern information society. This is clearly emphasized in the plots of such cartoons as Frozen, Moana, Brave, Inside Out, Finding Nemo, and Coco. All cartoons show the hero’s rebellion, which results in an understanding of family ties’ value. In addition, the article notes a change in ideas about romantic love. At the same time, the value of individualism fades into the background, giving way to mutual assistance to achieve the common good. The article emphasizes that atomization and individualism were characteristic of human culture for a fairly short period of time. They appeared after the collapse of traditional society, urbanization and the next industrial revolution. However, later urbanization was replaced by hypeurbanization along with information transparency, which, relying on new technical means, revived many features of the traditional society. Moana’s plot demonstrates the reduction of the atomization of modern society, the negative side of the high level of individualism, which is increasingly difficult to demonstrate today due to the rapidly increasing role of social connections. The conflict of civilizations described by Huntington is not reflected in modern multiplication. Anyone who seemed to be the enemy and the embodiment of evil, upon closer examination, turns out to be either a victim in need of help, or a potential ally. In this specific, often repeated plot, it is not difficult to see the influence of postcolonialism as a direction of modern thought and public discourse. Illustrations of the formation, functioning and destruction of authoritarian political models in modern cartoons are analyzed. The relevance of the theme of the fight against tyranny in animated films is shown. Examples include Toy Story 3, A Bug’s Life and the animated series Watership Down. In the first case, the dictator imposes on society the ideology of a hostile external world, which forms the authoritarian political model’s ideological basis. Its organizational basis is represented by a repressive mechanism consisting of security, surveillance and a closed perimeter. This brings the presented model closer to totalitarian political regimes, because modern autocracies do not hinder the intention of those who disagree with leaving the country. This helps them maintain their power for as long as possible. In order to maintain this regime, a privileged caste is created, represented by the power apparatus (guards who are allowed gambling and additional consumption). In addition, the security apparatus has the right to carry out violence against all other members of society. The plot of A Bug’s Life also shows society’s struggle against tyranny, which is carried out through a combination of the direct threat of violence and propaganda. The method of intimidating the tyrant Hopper shows that he does not perceive himself as a legitimate bearer of power and recipient of resources. Internal recognition of its own illegitimacy provokes a reluctance to make concessions, reach a mutually acceptable compromise and negotiate, as the legitimate government usually does. Direct political content is also found in Watership Down. Within the framework of the narrative for children, the main attributes of the classic fascist dictatorship are politically realistic. The authors draw attention to the fact that the basis for the alternative to dictatorship is not atomization and chaotic violence, but civic organization and mutual assistance.
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Volungevičius, Vytautas. "The Castle in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Histo Riography, Search for Definitions, Research Model." Lithuanian Historical Studies 17, no. 1 (December 28, 2012): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-01701001.
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This article aims to reinterpret the castle in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, at the same time as evaluating the state of historiography and trends in terminology used in historical sources. Historiographical problems are defined from a comparative perspective. The author emphasises interpretational issues which refer to the word ‘castle’ in different languages used in different sources. The newly formulated definition of the castle as a changing historical phenomenon expands the concept of the castle. This signifies that the castle was not a static subject. The castle is therefore perceived as an integral part of the historical social reality. This idea is based on certain material and socio-political assumptions. In theory, the castle is understood as an object of structures and social history, research into which should embrace different aspects of social reality: judicial, military-defensive, political-representational, economichousehold. The proposed quaternary model of the research (1. The castle and its internal structure; 2. The castle and its external structure; 3. The particularity of the castles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 4. The dispersion of castles in the territory of the state) presupposes the multi-layered perspective of the phenomenon of the castle, which guides from fact to process, from object to structure. The article states that the castle as a long time phenomenon cannot be perceived and interpreted separately from simultaneous socio-political circumstances which were formed by the local society.
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TANABE, AKIO. "Recast(e)ing Identity: Transformation of Inter-caste Relationships in Post-colonial Rural Orissa." Modern Asian Studies 40, no. 3 (July 2006): 761–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x06002022.
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Caste in contemporary Indian society has often been seen as a remainder of waning tradition. Advent of egalitarian liberalism and/or capitalism is taken to be the force of change which is destroying or restricting the relevance of caste in contemporary society. Against such a view, this paper will argue that caste remains an important frame of reference for defining people's identity especially in rural society. In particular, I would like to discuss the role of people's agency in the reshaping of caste in contemporary rural Orissa. It is the aggregate efforts of different groups of people in local situations to constantly redefine the form and meaning of caste that maintains its relevance. I feel this aspect has been neglected in many previous theories, which have tended to consider caste concerns merely in terms of the presence or absence of ‘hierarchy’ or in terms of ‘substantialized’ group formations.
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Singh, Nirmal. "Dalits, Their Support Base and the Bahujan Samaj Party: A Case Study of the Doaba Region." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 11, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x18821453.
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Scheduled Castes (SCs) comprise 16.6 per cent of India’s population. The distinguishing feature of SCs in Punjab is that they constitute numerical strength, that is, 31.9 per cent (2011 Census). In terms of population share, Punjab accounts for 4.4 per cent of the total SCs’ population in India. During this decade, two more castes, namely, Mochi and Mahatam/Rai Sikh castes, have been notified as SCs in Punjab. Today, it is estimated that the proportion of Dalits may have risen above 32 per cent in Punjab. This article argues as to why the high concentration of Dalit population in Punjab has not translated into success for the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP). For answering this question, the study examines two aspects, namely, the nature of the party organization and the political strategy of the BSP. The study was qualitative and conducted in the Doaba region of Punjab. It is an analysis of the interactions with 300 respondents of the targeted SCs population and 25 leaders of the BSP and its factional political parties.
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Chandra, Kanchan. "The Transformation of Ethnic Politics in India: The Decline of Congress and the Rise of the Bahujan Samaj Party in Hoshiarpur." Journal of Asian Studies 59, no. 1 (February 2000): 26–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2658583.
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The politics of ethnicity—caste, religion, and language—has been central to politics in twentieth-century India. However, as the dominant Indian National Congress declines in favor of a number of smaller parties, the manner in which ethnic identities are being invoked in the political arena is being transformed. The key aspect of this transformation is not, as it is usually understood, the replacement of a single multiethnic party with a collection of monoethnic parties. Many of the smaller parties are in themselves multiethnic, although the coalitions that they seek to build are usually narrower than those built by Congress. Rather, the key aspect is the change in the type of ethnic politics that dominates the political arena. Congress plays a coded ethnic card, invoking ethnic identities quietly in its selection of candidates but not openly in its identification of issues; targets certain ethnic groups without openly excluding others; builds differentiated ethnic coalitions across constituencies and states; and courts the support of these ethnic coalitions through the distribution of patronage but never through the rhetoric of identity.
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Malik, Alia Razia. "Metaphors in political campaigning – An anthropological linguistics perspective." Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues 10, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjs.v10i2.4753.
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Language is a means of communication in a society. According to linguistic anthropology, a speaker is a social actor who expresses certain ideologies through language. Concepts and ideas, transmitted through language, are part of larger cultural whole in the society. Linguistic anthropology deals with language from a cultural perspective. People represent their mental realities through language which in turn is shaped by culture. Politics is a field of power and dominance. In political discourse, power is exerted through language. Political discourse is to persuade or to motivate the masses. Hence, linguistic choices are important to achieve certain objectives. In Pakistan, the general elections of 2013 were unique in the aspect as it was the first time that one elected democratic government had completed its turn of 5 years and lead towards the next election. Otherwise, the history of Pakistan is marked by incomplete tenures of democratic government and dictatorship. The elections were held on 11 May 2013 in all constituencies of Pakistan. People from all four provinces Punjab, Sindh, Khayber Pakhtoon Khawah, Balochistan, federal area and tribal area had casted their votes. Keywords: First keyword, second keyword, third keyword, forth keyword;
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Szabó, Róbert. "Az 1687. évi második mohácsi csata egy lehetséges emlékezetpolitikai aspektusa Wilhelm Camphausen egy munkáján keresztül." Modern Geográfia 16, no. 2 (May 2021): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/mg.2021.16.02.03.
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At the Battle of Harsány Hill at 1687, the united Christian army defeated the Ottoman troops and blocked them to recapture Buda Castle. The so-called “second Battle of Mohács” had numerous symbolic contents, most of them were based on highlighting the similarities and differences between the first (1526) and second (1687) battle. However, the Battle of Harsány Hill was not only a symbolic pair of the Battle of Mohács in 1526 but also appeared as a symbol of various political and geopolitical phenomenons and events of other eras. The geopolitical roots of Wilhelm Camphausen’s depiction can be traced back to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. In my work, I aimed to decipher the message conveyed by this artwork, in the late 19th century in the light of German foreign policy. After the examination of the biographical aspects of the creative artist and the stylistic features of the work, I monitored the geographical, symbolic and memory aspects of the depiction.
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Resuloglu, Cilga. "A Different Experience in the Build-Sell Process: Casae Study Ankara." Open House International 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2018-b0008.
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During the post-World War II period, Turkey's housing supply models were limited to individual housings. Three main trends in the construction industry helped overcome this limitation to a certain extent. These were cooperative societies, spontaneous squatter housing and the build-sell process. Build-sell process later became the most obvious reflection of urban transformation in the 1950s and 1960s. Within this context, this study examines the housing policy of the period and the build-sell process as well as the Rer-1 Apartment Block designed in line with the build-sell process. The Rer-1 Apartment Block was designed and implemented by architect Nejat Ersin between the years 1962-1964, and was constructed in Aşağı Ayrancı District in Ankara. This specific apartment block was examined as an extraordinary example of the build-sell process - which rejects architectural concerns and prioritises profits - as it still incorporated such concerns despite being designed adhering to logic of the build-sell process. For the purpose of this study, an oral history study was conducted with Nejat Ersin. It was, therefore, possible to evaluate Nejat Ersin's apartment block, presenting a new experience in the build-sell context, within the scope of era's social, cultural, political and economic conjecture. The Rer-1 Apartment Block was scrutinized from the build-sell process aspect within the scope of the architect's professional approach.
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Vannini, Guido. "Al-Jaya Palace and the New Shawbak Town. A Medieval frontier and the return of the urbanism in the Southern Transjordan." Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation 24 (December 1, 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/saac.24.2020.24.04.
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Al-Jaya Palace and the New Shawbak Town. A Medieval frontier and the return of the urbanism in the Southern Transjordan
The recent discovery – made during the 2018 campaign ofthe ‘Medieval Petra’ Mission of the University of Florence – of the residential al-Jaya Palace at the bottom of the hill of Shawbak’s ‘incastellato’ site is of particular relevance both for medieval and Islamic heritage in Jordan (no architecture of a comparable quality from the Ayyubid-Mamluk periodhas ever been found in the country) and mostly for the archaeological confirmation that underneath al-Jaya, lays the ancient medieval capital city of southern Jordan, founded by Saladin, on the same site of the castle-capital of the previous Crusader Lordship of Transjordan. This result represents a triple confirmation for the scientific program of the Mission: the productivity of the ‘Light Archaeology’ methodology that characterizes our approach; the real existence of the city whose foundation we had deemed to be able to propose (owing solely to the ‘light’ reading son the walls of the ‘castle’); and the excellence of the formal level of the building – perfectly matching the quality of the political and productive structures documented earlier in the castle – that speaks of a cultured and refined city and of an extraordinary strategic project that can be attributed to Saladin’s political intelligence. A project that gave back a new centrality to the entire southern Transjordan and started a settlement and political tradition that is the basis of modern Jordan itself (it is not accidental that the first capital of the state was Ma’an). Once the urban structure that has now appeared is understood, future research will be able to direct the excavations so as to address another great historical question which 2018 investigations have highlighted: we know the birth and begin to read the life of this extraordinary town, butwhen, how and why did it perish so much so that it was forgotten by history (and to be rediscovered by archaeology)? Perhaps for the first time, we will have an opportunity to study archaeologically an aspect of the historical crisis that, probably during the 15th century, engulfed the Arab-Islamicworld, opening the way for the Ottoman conquest. It is an intriguing perspective to be addressed in tandem with a renewed public archaeology program: conservative restoration, social valorization, broad communication directed both to the local communities and to the international public with the implementation of the master plan 2010-14, and, finally, tourist routes connecting Shawbak with the Petra area.
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Mazza, Francesca. "La valutazione economica delle risorse culturali. Un'applicazione della Contingent Valuation." RIV Rassegna Italiana di Valutazione, no. 42 (July 2009): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riv2008-042007.
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-The case study examines the economic aspects of cultural heritage conservation and deals the valuation of economic value in monetary terms, using the application of the contingent valuation method to the castle of Nicastro (Catanzaro, Italy). For the construction of the hypothetical market and the selection criteria and approach to subjects of the statistic sample, the proposed solutions work with operative adjustments, dictated by the characteristics of the resource in question and in general for all cultural resources. The study has produced reliable answers to questions of willingness to pay, expressing the measure of the different components of the value (use value and existence value) contribute to the composition of the total economic value. The study allowed to verify the possibility of using the contingent valuation as a political tool. The particular question format, which combines ‘double bounded dichotomous choice' and ‘open ended' techniques has allowed us to take a sensitivity analysis, defining the measure of willingness to pay.Key words: evaluation cultural resource, contingent valuation method, willingness to payParole chiave: valutazione, beni culturali, metodo di valutazione contingente, disponibilitŕ a pagare
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Borda, Erik Wellington Barbosa. "Entre racializações: Oliver C. Cox e a sociologia." Sociedade e Estado 36, no. 1 (April 2021): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-6992-202136010014.
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Resumo Oliver Cromwell Cox foi um sociólogo negro de Trinidad e Tobago que passou a maior parte de sua vida pessoal e intelectual nos Estados Unidos. Neste país, o caráter heterodoxo de suas críticas à sociologia de seu tempo lançaram sobre sua obra um silêncio que durou décadas. Em tempos recentes, porém, o crescente interesse por sua obra trouxe à tona discussões sobre seus fundamentos. Este texto se volta à trajetória inicial do autor, período que abarca desde seu nascimento, no Caribe, em 1901, até a publicação de sua magnum opus Caste, class and race, em 1948. Argumenta-se que esse período é antes de tudo marcado por uma circulação do autor por distintas gramáticas de racialização, que, por sua vez, foram determinantes para o ímpeto desconstrucionista que marcou sua posição em relação às ciências sociais. Argumenta-se ainda que a ênfase nesse aspecto da trajetória de Cox, por meio de um engajamento crítico e sistêmico com raça, oferece uma importante contribuição aos chamados estudos externalistas de intelectuais afro-diaspóricos na sociologia.
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Kanungo, Sruti, and Anindita Chakrabarti. "Gold governance and goldsmithery: Economic sociology of an informal manufacturing sector in India." Contributions to Indian Sociology 55, no. 2 (June 2021): 172–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00699667211007514.
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In India, gold’s uniqueness lies in its dual demand for ‘sacred’ ritual purposes as well as ‘profane’ economic security. As a scarce commodity, gold is continuously monitored and regulated by the state. This study investigates how communities associated with the craft and trade of gold jewellery cope with state regulations, an aspect that has largely gone undocumented in sociological literature. The article traces the transformation of the goldsmithing sector in post-independence India. The repeal of the Gold Control Act 1968 in 1990 and high demand during the post-liberalisation period gave a tremendous fillip to the gold jewellery sector. The study captures the occupational recasting as a new community of goldsmiths emerged during this period replacing the traditional goldsmithing castes. It contributes to the under-studied field of goldsmithing in India providing an ethnographic account of a triadic relationship between an informal manufacturing sector, state regulation and a self-organised workforce based on regional ties and village networks.
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Chakrabarty, Bidyut. "B.R. Ambedkar." Indian Historical Review 43, no. 2 (December 2016): 289–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983616663417.
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B.R. Ambedkar (1891–1956) pursued a scathing critique against the dominant nationalist discourse that Gandhi shaped, to a significant extent. Unlike Gandhi who insisted on village swaraj, Babasaheb preferred liberal democracy of the Western variety in which an individual remained the basic unit of governance. What he established in the 1950 Constitution of India had its beginning in Ambedkar’s witness before the 1919 Southborough Committee and the 1930–32 Round Table Conference. This was a political battle that he had waged against the Mahatma to substantiate his arguments in favour of liberalism. There was also another battle that he was engaged in while challenging ‘the archaic social values’ supportive of caste discrimination. On the basis of his thorough research, he reinvented the idea of social justice in tune with his firm commitment to liberalism. True that he did not always succeed in his mission; nonetheless, the debate between the Mahatma and Babasaheb testifies several new dimensions of India’s nationalist thought that did not, so far, receive adequate scholarly attention. By drawing on a rather neglected aspect of the nationalist debate, the article seeks to fill up in our understanding of the ideas of Gandhi and Ambedkar which were definitely context driven. This is also a textual study that also makes the point that Ambedkar’s ideas did not appear to be as significant as they later became in independent India presumably because of the hegemonic influence of Gandhi in the nationalist universe probably due to contextual reasons.
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Laumond, Bénédicte. "La méthode expérimentale du jeu de cartes pour étudier les représentations pénales ordinaires en Allemagne et en France." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 147-148, no. 1-2 (August 2020): 169–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0759106320939892.
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Si les travaux s’interrogeant sur les perceptions ordinaires du pénal se sont historiquement intéressés à la technique de la vignette ( vignette research), ceux-ci ne reposent que rarement sur des dispositifs comparés et continuent de faire un large usage des questionnaires amputant l’analyse des représentations pénales profanes d’une exploration de leurs raisonnements. Afin de remédier à cette limite méthodologique, cet article présente une démarche expérimentale adossée à un jeu de cartes et menée en France et en Allemagne entre 2017 et 2019. Le jeu est composé de 23 cartes présentant des cas criminels fictifs et de 10 cartes-peines ; il est attendu des joueur/ses qu’ils/elles attribuent à chaque carte une peine tout en justifiant les choix effectués. Nous présenterons dans cet article les étapes de la conception et les conditions d’administration, dans un contexte franco-allemand, de ce jeu qui se caractérise par un dispositif relativement directif allié à un mode de passation souple inspiré des enquêtes non-directives. Cet article met en évidence la flexibilité du jeu de cartes qui interroge différents aspects du crime en mettant les enquêté.es en situation de faire. Nous montrons enfin la robustesse de ce dispositif méthodologique dans des études comparées pour faire émerger les spécificités nationales des représentations pénales.
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Leksono, Ronny Bowo, Benedictus Kombaitan, Heru Purboyo Hidayat Putro, Haryo Winarso, and Ridwan Sutriadi. "PEMBANGUNAN KONSENSUS: SOLUSI PERENCANAAN DI BAWAH TEKANAN?" TATALOKA 21, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.21.3.497-520.
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Planning in public domain in practice is seemingly seen as a utopian concept. Once the knowledge that becomes the basis of planning is built on the pure understandings to cope the problem objectively, in reality, it turns into inflexible and rigid approaches when dealing with various interests, namely political and social subjects. This is because of the distinct perspectives and understanding owned by people, the planning stakeholders which are divergent, and stirred by individual interest. What becomes an evident is that the plentiful of interest tends to trigger the opposite arguments. Accordingly, planning in public domain that hoped to have neutral position is like having a castle in the air, because the individual interests of the stakeholders of planning seems to be inseparable aspects. Planners are then required to have multi-skill of a wide range knowledge, indeed to find it like a search for demigods, albeit by involving many skill groups that ends on a new issue of integrating thinking. This article will therefore attempt to parse a possible problem resolution through the concept of consensus-building, by first explaining its relevance in the context of planning, complexity and commonly used methods, in order to achieve common goals of development, and thereby placing the planner and their plans becomes as a valuable works, its worhted.
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Lanceva, A. M. "Exhibition Сzech and Кoman King Wenceslas IV: «Beautiful Style» of Gothic Art. On the 600th Anniversary of the Death of the Czech King." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-1-13-186-193.
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The article is devoted to the historical and cultural aspects of the development of Czech art in the late Middle Ages on the example of an exhibition held from August 16 to November 3 at Prague Castle, which was dedicated to the 600th anniversary of the death of the Czech and Roman King Wenceslas IV. The author of the article considers the significance of the Czech culture and sacred art in the context of the political and historical specifics of the development of medieval Bohemia and the features of the reign of Vaclav IV, who wasthe son of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Czech King Charles IV . Wenceslas IV is a complex and controversial figure in Czech history, who stood at the «crossroads» of epochs and cultures, around him various disputes persist in historiography up to our time. This article provides an overview of the nature of the sacred artifacts of culture and art presented at the exhibition «Czech and Roman King Wenceslas IV: «beautiful style» of Gothic art», as well as the characteristics of the artistic style , defined in terms of historical and cultural, internal and external political development of the Czech Republic, crosscultural dialogue of the Czech Republic with European countries on the background of the emerging religious controversy in the country. The work takes into account the features of the Late Gothic style in the Central Europe. On the example of the remarkable works of painting, sculpture, fragments of architectural monuments, decorative and applied art and manuscripts, first of all the monumental Wenceslas Bible, many of which were brought to Prague from various European Galleries and Castles of Poland, Germany, France, New York, as well as from private collections, can demonstrate the rise of Czech culture and art in the late XIV-early XV centuries, which was presented the process of cultural accumulation of the European style of the late Gothic, received Czech national artificial identity.
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de Vingo, P. "The Archaeology of Power in Lombard Female Burials in Central-Northern Italy. •." Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 71, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 679–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/072.2020.00021.
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This paper highlights several unusual aspects of the socio-political structure of Lombard society in the years following the conquest of Italy, bearing in mind that Germanic society consisted unequivocally of both men and women with complementary roles and the possibility of action, including intervention in the economic sphere, which could be expressed in various ways. As well as the capacity of foreigners to integrate with the local community, traditionally recognised in the two cemeteries of Nocera Umbra and Castel Trosino, the archaeological evidence shows a second form of integration with a process that took place exclusively within individual Germanic communities. The Collegno cemetery reveals the presence of women belonging to the Merovingian culture, probably from Transalpine territories and of high social status, who integrated with the Germanic community without losing the prerogatives of their rank during the transitional period. Lastly, the case of the Spilamberto cemetery shows how the formation of grave goods, and thus the investment capacity of individual families, corresponded to requirements that exceeded any other necessity including the state of health of female individuals. By placing all these elements on an ideal hypothetical level of reflection, it can be suggested that a funeral, at least until the mid-seventh century, was not just a religious ceremony but the moment when the family of the deceased displayed their economic capacity to absorb the roles, prerogatives and property of the dead person through the permanent loss of material goods, sometimes of significant value, when they were placed in the burial.
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Fernandes, V. O., E. N. Elias, and A. Zipf. "INTEGRATION OF AUTHORITATIVE AND VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FOR UPDATING URBAN MAPPING: CHALLENGES AND POTENTIALS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 24, 2020): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-261-2020.
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Abstract. This paper provides a bibliometric review between integration of authoritative and volunteered geographic information for the purpose of cartographic updating of urban mappings. The adopted methodology was through a bibliometric survey of the literature published by Web of Science and Science Direct. The period was evaluated from 2005 to 2020 and the keywords used were: integration of authoritative data, volunteered geographic information, VGI, large scale topographic mapping, Authoritative urban mapping. The number of publications found was small for the topic that deals with this integration, totalizing 14 articles at Web of Science and 23 at Science Direct. 38% of them were published in the International Journal of Geo Information (ISPRS), 16% in the International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 5% were published in the Cartography and Geographic Information Science and the Computer Geosciences respectively. The other 36% is shown in several other journals, approximately 3% each. Regarding the origin of publications, 25% are in Germany (University of Heidelberg), 14% in the UK (New Castle University), 13% in China (Wuhan University), 11% in Canada (Calgary University), and other countries show percentages between 3% and 5%. Among the research, areas are physical geography, remote sensing, computer science, information science, engineering, and public administration. Among themes addressed in the articles, potentials can be pointed out as existence of models which institutions can implement management of information received collaboratively, existence of several methodologies for quality control of this information so that they can be integrated into authoritative data that are called as data conflation. Methodologies for handling big data and semantic interoperability, as well as automation of processes. This data potential is not only on platforms such as OpenStreetMap, but also on data collected through scraping from social networks such as twitter, sites, and others. Among the challenges, there are still somethings to investigate regarding consideration of temporal, historic, political, and economic aspects, as well as the consideration of legal aspects. The integration of this volunteered geographic information is necessary, mainly in cities with economic and cultural difficulties to maintain their mapping up to date, as well as the difficulty of accessing information that allows access to authoritative data.
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Anheim, Étienne, Jean-Yves Grenier, and Antoine Lilti. "Reinterpreting Social Status." Annales (English ed.) 68, no. 04 (December 2013): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s239856820000011x.
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Social statuses existed before the social sciences. When scholars began to develop this concept in the nineteenth century, they were drawing on the juridical writings of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and, more broadly, the vocabulary used by social groups to define themselves across time and space. From this moment forward, social statuses occupied a central position in the work of historians, sociologists, and anthropologists. These scholars were aiming to describe and explain the dynamics of human societies, but they also participated in framing the debates at the heart of the social sciences—as attested by the recurrent disputes between a Marxian notion of class and a Weberian conception of status groups, particularly among readers with tacit political motivations. Max Weber played a fundamental part in the success of the concept, taking the juridical aspect and the idea of society as a body, inherited from the ancien régime, and adding a specifically sociological content relating to the hierarchy of social prestige, which is neither directly inherited (as with castes) nor purely economic (as with classes). In truth, this definition was rarely applied stricto sensu by historians, sociologists, and anthropologists, but it did allow for the elaboration of a concept that could delimit groups of individuals sharing legal and symbolic characteristics within a given society, and that could incorporate the categories used by social actors themselves into historical analysis. Thus, during the 1960s, it was around the notion of status that interpretations of the ancien régime as a society of orders or a society of classes took shape, while anthropologists began to consider notions of emic and etic. From the 1980s, however, the concept of social status receded into the background as the idea of a global interpretation of society by the social sciences was called into question.
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Kaur, Navdeep. "AWARENESS OF RIGHT TO EDUCATION AMONG SECONDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 6, no. 2 (December 27, 2014): 1004–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v6i2.3484.
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Education is a human right and essential for realization of all other human rights. It is a basic right which helps the individual to live with human dignity the right to education is a fundamental human rights. Every individual, irrespective of race, gender, nationality, ethnic or social origin, religion or political preference, age or disability, is entitled to a free elementary education. Hence the present study has attempted to find out awareness of right to education among secondary school teachers. The sample of 200 secondary school teachers was taken. A self made questionnaire comprising 34 multiple choice items was used by the investigator. It was found that both Government and Private secondary teachers have equal information regarding RTE, whereas Male school teachers are more aware of RTE than Female secondary school teachers Education is the foundation stone of national development. No nation can develops without education. The function of education is to accelerate the progress and development of nation. Education is the only means which brings about national integration. Educational achievement of a nation is also an indicator of national pride. During the pre-british Indian the indigenous secondary education was imparted in Pathshalas, Gurukuls, Gurudwaras and other religious organization. Education was banned for women and for scheduled classes and poor people. After sometimes Christian missionaries and East Indian Company established a few schools with the purpose of spreading Christianity in India. The first organized step to established planned primary schools of four years duration in India was established when Macaulay presented his famous minutes in 1835 with a view to popularize English education. In 1854 Woods Dispatch laid stress on imparting education atleast upto the primary level to the Indians. Later many commissions and committees were set up like India Education Commission 1882, Government resolution on education policy 1904, Gopal Krishan Gokhales Resolution 1911,Hartog committee 1929, Wardha Scheme 1938 and Sargent report 1944. All of them laid stress on free & compulsory primary education. After independence India adopted Article-45 directive principle of state policy laid down in Indian Constitution. The Article says, The state shall endeavour to provide within a period of ten years from the commencement of the constitution free & compulsory education for all children untill they complete the age 6 to 14 years. Kothari Commission (1964-66) recommended qualitative improvement for the purpose of science education, work experience, vocalization of education and development of social, moral and spiritual values, improvement in methods of teaching curriculum, teacher training etc. were recommended. National Policy on Education (1986) emphasized on two aspects. One on the universal enrollment and universal retention of children upto 14 years of age and another on the substantial improvement in teaching quality of education. In order to improve the education of school, Operation, Blackboard was introduced by National Policy on Education. The programme of action (1986) was laid down, the purpose of Operation Blackboard is to ensure provision of minimum essential facilities in secondary schools, material facilities as learning equipment, use of blackboard implies that there is an urgency in this programme. In India, the desire for compulsory education figured in the writing and speeches of our leader before independence. But for national development and national integration, creation of good citizens, preparation for life, development of character, development of individuality, adaptation to environment and making man civilized. India just implemented the Right to Education on 27rd August (Thursday), 2009 by 86th Constitutional amendent. It says, the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children the age of 6 to 14 years in such manner as the state may, by law, determine. Today education is considered an important public function and the state is seen as the chief provider of education through the allocation of substantial Budgetry resources and regulating the provision of education. The pre-eminent role of the state in fulfilling the Right To Education is enshrined in 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural rights. With regards to realizing the Right to Education the World Declaration on Education for All states that partnerships between government and non-government organizational, the private sector, local communities, religious groups, and families are necessary. The realization of Right to Education on a national level may be achieved through compulsory education or more specifically free and compulsory primary education as stated in both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. So as India is first to made education compulsory and free for all. Formal Education is given to everybody without any discrimination of sex, caste, creed and colour. Education is the powerful tool. which accelerates the process of national growth and development. Moreover, economically and socially marginalized adults and children can left themselves out of miseries of darkness and participate fully as variable assets for their nation only with the help of education. Thus, education is a key towards a successful life. Keeping in view the importance of education, the secondary education in India has been made compulsory through 86th constitutional amendment. Moreover Right to Education has declared as fundamental right by this amendment under Article-emerge as a global leader in achieving the millennium development goal of ensuring that all children complete their secondary education by 2015 as set by UNESCO. The secondary stake holders for providing education are the parents and social authorities and both these entities have to be active: parents, by sending education is supported, thus, it is important that teacher should be aware of Right to Education. If teacher are well aware of Right to Education then only he/she can make the students to enjoy its benefits and motivate them to enroll in education. Moreover, if the teacher is fully awakened about the Right Education only then he/she will not dare to exploit the child.
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N., Baskaran. "People with Disabilities and Their Representation in Public Spaces: A Case Study of Post-War Jaffna." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 1 (2017): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.31.2005.
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People with disabilities have become an important topic for discussion in the post-war Sri Lanka due to many reasons. In Northern Sri Lanka, different age group of the population in war-torn areas are often direct or indirect victims of violence, and witnesses to various issues associated with war disaster. Over three decades of war in Sri Lanka has changed the traditional views of disability and replaced it with a view of disability as a social oppression. This study, therefore, looks to understand the social background of people with disabilities. The main objective of this study is to consider the meaning of disabilities in public spaces in post-war Jaffna[1]. The chosen field was undertaken in Thenmaradchi Divisional Secretariat of Jaffna district. This paper has reported on the experiences of 59 people with disabilities who were disabled during the war period. The primary data were collected from interviews and surveys with predetermined case study, non-direct and participant observation and key informant interviews through purposive sampling. It is in this context; an attempt is made to understand the meaning of people with disabilities through their day-to-day life events, situations, and their experiences. This paper discusses the meaning of disabilities under three factors namely, Religious Discourse, Family Structure and Women Status based on grounded theory method. Moreover, these socio-cultural interpretations of people with disabilities are linked with other important factors such economic and political aspects. The finding of the study was that the people with disabilities depicted there are usually crippled and socially excluded or hidden in the limited public spaces in post-war Jaffna. Since disability issues have become a central part of the development and social work discourse in the post-war Tamil society, the researcher hopes that this research will contribute to policy formation for people with disabilities and the effective implications of the post-war reintegration process and development process. Finally, it is hoped that the study will create social awareness and mobilize people with disabilities and strengthen the disabled in society.
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Korolev, Andrey. "Culturological meaning of the metaphor of “home” in the works Of Michel Houellebecq: “old” and “new” France." Культура и искусство, no. 12 (December 2020): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2020.12.34492.
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The subject of this research is the phenomenon of conceptual metaphor in the works of Michel Houellebecq. Leaning on the cognitive theory of metaphor, the author traces the methods of conceptualization of “new identity” within cultural identity of a modern Frenchman. The article highlights the metaphor of “home”, and reveals the methods of conceptualization of “new identity” (“new” France as a “new home”) in its relation to the cultural tradition (“old” France as an “old home”). M. Houellebecq's criticism of the political myth of “pan-European identity” is followed on the basis of the metaphor of “home”; the reasons of Houellebecq's objections against the simplified division of the levels of such identity into local, national, and pan-European are determined. The goal of this research lies in identification of various aspects of cultural reality of the “new” France reflected in the works of M. Houellebecq using the metaphor of “home” (sorrows of the object of threat on disruption of cultural tradition, unification of lifestyle, and crisis of values). The relevance of culturological analysis is defined by the ability to observe the process of conceptualization of “European identity” in French artistic culture as a moment of cultural dynamics. Reference to the texts Of M. Houellebecq revealed the cognate concepts used for realization of the metaphor of “home” (“old France”/ “old home”, “castle”; “new France” / “hotel”, “high-rise building”, “tower”, ”poultry farm”); as well the predicates that disclose certain aspects of conceptualization (“empty”, “old”, “confined”, “rural”, “destroyed”, “awful”, “disgusting”). The novelty lies in substantiation of heuristic potential of consideration of the image created By M. Houellebecq as a cultural metaphor, which not only reflects social moods, but also designs cultural reality. “Home” manifests as the antithesis to the actual feeling of homelessness on the background of achievements of industrial civilization; it becomes a slogan that fills “emptiness” of everyday existence with cultural meaning. The main result is the substantiation of the writer's contribution to the development of conceptual model of identity of a modern Frenchman using the metaphor of home”.
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Zorgati, Imen, Hajer Zorgati, and Elmoez Zaabi. "Public transportation and service quality management during the COVID-19 outbreak: A case study of Tunisia." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 3 (September 16, 2021): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.24.
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This study aims to investigate the quality management of public transportation services in the Tunisian context during the COVID-19 outbreak. The empirical study was based on the conjoint analysis approach. The sample collected is composed of 250 individuals who often use the train as a means of transport and the pairwise comparison method is adopted for conjoint analysis. This study assesses quality management of customer service and takes into account four aspects of service quality such as comfort, way of reservation (possibility of online booking), speed, and safety. The findings revealed that the optimal combination of service offered by the Tunisian national railway company is characterized by the terms “first class”, “online booking”, “express”, and “safety”. It is favored by Tunisian customers during the COVID-19 outbreak.Additionally, the results show that the maximum utility corresponds to the “safety train” modality followed by “second class”, “online booking”, and finally “stopover”. Moreover, the use of new information and communication technologies (NICT) has importance for train users during the COVID-19 outbreak. Indeed, Tunisians are looking for safety and measures to reduce crowding in a train, to minimize the risk of contagion of COVID-19 outbreak.