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Journal articles on the topic 'Castellated beams'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 May 2022

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1

Al-Thabhawee, Hayder Wafi. "Experimental investigation of composite steel–concrete beams using symmetrical and asymmetrical castellated beams." Curved and Layered Structures 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2022-0019.

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Abstract This study aims to investigate the behavior of concrete slabs acting compositely with symmetrical and asymmetrical castellated beams. Stud connectors are used to connect the concrete slab and steel section. The use of castellated steel beams to build up composite steel-concrete beams is now common practice in building construction. Five simply supported composite beams were examined under two-point loading. Two specimens built up from standard steel beams were used as control specimens and three specimens were built up from castellated steel beams. One of these specimens was built up using a castellated steel beam with an asymmetrical cross-section fabricated from two different standard sections (IPE120/HEA120). The concrete slab of all composite specimens had the same dimensions and properties. The experimental results showed that strength and rigidity were considerably greater for composite castellated steel beams compared to composite beams built up from the parent sections. The ultimate load capacity of a composite castellated beam fabricated from an IPE120 section was 46% greater than that of a composite beam built up using the parent beam, and the ultimate load capacity of a composite castellated beam fabricated from a wide-flanged HEA120 section resulted in an increase of 21% over the parent beam control specimen. The ultimate load capacity of the composite specimen built up using the asymmetrical castellated beam (IPE120/HEA120) achieved increases of 69% and 12%, respectively, compared to the control specimens built up from standard sections.

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2

Ammar, Hussamalden Alqahar, and Ahmad Jabbar Hussain Alshimmeri. "A Comparison Study between Asymmetrical Castellated Steel Beams Encased by Reactive Powder Concrete with Laced Reinforcement." Key Engineering Materials 895 (August 3, 2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.895.77.

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The main objectives of this study are to study the enhancement of the load-carrying capacity of Asymmetrical castellated beams with encasement the beams by Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) and lacing reinforcement, the effect of the gap between top and bottom parts of Asymmetrical castellated steel beam at web post, and serviceability of the confined Asymmetrical castellated steel. This study presents two concentrated loads test results for four specimens Asymmetrical castellated beams section encasement by Reactive powder concrete (RPC) with laced reinforcement. The encasement of the Asymmetrical castellated steel beam consists of, flanges unstiffened element height was filled with RPC for each side and laced reinforced which are used inclined continuous reinforcement of two layers on each side of the Asymmetrical castellated steel beam web. The inclination angle of lacing reinforcement concerning the longitudinal axis is 45. Four specimens with four different configurations will be prepared and tested under two concentrated loads at the mid-third of the beam span. The tested specimen's properties are the First model; unconfined, Asymmetrical castellated steel beam (Reference), while the second, third, and fourth models consist of Asymmetrical Castellated steel beam (web and flange) confined with (RPC) with 19.1, 38.2, and 57.3 mm gap, respectively, between the two beams sections (the upper and lower one). The results of the experimental tests show that the use of RPC enhanced the properties of the castellated beams in all selected conditions despite creating a gap between the castellated beams.

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3

Hashim, Hayder A., and Alaa H. Al-Zuhairi. "Effect of External Post-Tensioning Strengthening Technique on Flexural Capacity of Simple Supported Composite Castellated Beam." E3S Web of Conferences 318 (2021): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131803006.

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This research is carried out to study the effect of the external post-tensioning technique on the flexural capacity of simply supported composite castellated beam experimentally. In this research, seven composite castellated beams having the same dimensions and material properties were cast and tested up to failure by applied two concentrated loads at 700 mm from each end. Two external strands of 12.7 mm diameter were fixed at each side of the web of strengthening beams and located at depth 180 mm from top fiber of the section (dps) at each end of the beam. The strands have been tensioned by using a hydraulic jack with a constant stress of 100 MPa. This research aims to study the effect of the strengthening by different shapes of strand profiles of external post-tensioning techniques on the flexural capacity of the composite castellated beam. These beams were divided into three groups. Each group contained two composite castellated beams while 7th composite castellated beam kept without strengthening by external post-tensioning technique As control beam. The first group included two beams with straight strand profile of external Post-tensioning. The second group included two beams with a triangular strand profile of external post-tensioning. The third group included two beams with a trapezoidal strand profile of external post-tensioning. All composite castellated beams were simply supported, and all of them were fully shear connections between the concrete slab and steel girder. All beams included the 16 castellated openings and were stiffened by six stiffener plates welded on the web of castellated beams. Three stiffener plates are welded on each side of the web. Two of these stiffener plates welded at the middle of the beam, and four of them welded at locations under the loads. The experimental results of this research were increasing 5.43% in load capacity of an average of the straight profile of composite castellated beams, increasing 18.92% in load capacity of an average of triangular profile composite castellated beams, and increasing 20.71% in load capacity of the trapezoidal profile of composite castellated beams. All the above results were compared with control beams.

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4

Wang, Yuhan, Lianguang Jia, and Xuefeng Li. "Investigation on Behavior of Castellated Composite Beams under Fire." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 02032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817502032.

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This paper is to study the fire resistance of castellated composite beams. Based on experiment, a reasonable castellated composite beam model is established by using finite element software. The critical temperature of castellated composite beams influenced by hole opening ratio, hole pitch, width-thickness ratio of the web and stiffener have been analyzed. The result shows that stiffener has a great influence on the fire resistance of castellated composite beams, which can increase the critical temperature greatly. The width-thickness ratio of the web has some influence on the buckling behavior of castellated composite beams under fire condition. When width-thickness ratio is higher, the web is more prone to buckling failure. The hole opening ratio and hole pitch have a little influence on the fire resistance of castellated composite beams.

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5

Pawar, Kirti, and Popat Kumbhar. "Performance Analysis of Castellated Steel I-Beam using FRP Stiffeners." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.38596.

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Abstract: Castellated beams are now widely used for a variety of structural applications. Castellated beams are the ones which have perforations in their web part. However, these perforations increase stress concentration around the openings, and also get subjected to web post-buckling. To reduce these post-buckling failures and increase the load-carrying capacity, the castellated steel I-beams are provided with different types of stiffeners at various locations. In this paper, the behaviour of a hexagonal castellated steel I-beam (ISMB) under point loading is investigated using carbon fibre polymer (CFRP) strips as stiffeners. Two different types of CFRP strip stiffeners are provided in the transverse direction and around the openings of the castellated beam. The finite element analysis of these stiffeners has been carried out by using ABAQUS software. The results show that the use of CFRP stiffeners for castellated beams enhances load-carrying capacity up to 20% and reduces the deflection by 12% as compared to the control castellated beam. The use of transverse CFRP stiffener reduces the web buckling failure and increases the load carrying capacity effectively as compared to the stiffeners used along the openings. As a result, it is preferable to use transverse stiffeners instead of the stiffeners used along of the openings. Keywords: Abacus software, Castellated beam, CFRP, Openings, Transverse stiffeners

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6

KNOWLES, P. R. "CASTELLATED BEAMS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 90, no. 3 (June 1991): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1991.14728.

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7

Al-Thabhawee, Hayder Wafi Ali, and Muslim Abdul-Ameer Al-Kannoon. "Improving Behavior of Castellated Beam by Adding Spacer Plat and Steel Rings." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 4 (February 20, 2018): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i4.810.

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Castellated steel beams are those members which are made from hot rolled steel I-section firstly by cutting the web in zigzag pattern and rejoining the two halves by welding together to form a hexagonal castellated beam such that the depth of section will be increased. Generally, the openings made in the web are with hexagonal shape; however, octagonal shape of web openings is typically obtained by providing spacer plate which is utilized to increase the depth of beam. Nowadays, using castellated beams in building construction becomes very popular because of their useful functions such as ease of service provision, strength and low cost. This study focuses on improving the behavior of hexagonal and octagonal castellated beam with spacer plate. The ultimate strength of the original (parent) I- section beam increases due to the increasing its depth. The increment of castellated beam depth; however, leads to post buckling in its web and to many other modes of failure when these beams are subjected for loading. Hexagonal and octagonal castellated beams which are fabricated using parent I-section (IPN140) are analyzed using finite element model (FEM).The analysis results revealed that using ring stiffeners around edge of holes contributes effectively in strengthening the web. It was found that using ring steel stiffeners can reduce the stress concentration around the edge of holes and improve the behavior of these beams by increasing the ultimate strength and minimizing the deflection. From the numerical (FEM) results obtained by using ANSYS14, it is concluded that ultimate strength of castellated beam can be improved by providing spacer plate and ring stiffeners around the web hole. Also, the results showed that ultimate strength of octagonal castellated steel beam can be increased up to (53%) more than the parent beam (IPN140) with providing only (13.0%) weight of steel (spacer plate plus ring steel stiffeners).

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8

Subramani, T., and V. Sukumar. "Castellated Beam with and without Stiffners Using ANSYS." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.10 (July 15, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.10.15638.

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Castellated beam is escalation in vertical bending stiffness, simple carrier provision and appealing look. But one effect of presence of Web beginning will be the development of varied local results. Castellated beams are metal beams with web openings and that they benefit its benefit because of its multiplied depth of phase without any extra weight. To analyze the conduct of castellated metal beams having an I-shaped go-element. Analysis is carried from beam with two factor load and genuinely supported assist condition.

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9

Chen, J. K., B. Kim, and L. Y. Li. "Analytical approach for transverse vibration analysis of castellated beams." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 14, no. 03 (February 16, 2014): 1350071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455413500715.

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This paper presents an analytical study on the dynamic characteristics of castellated beams. The study focuses on the effect of web shear on the free vibration frequencies of castellated beams. By using the Hamilton's principle, a simple closed-form solution for determining the free vibration frequencies of simply supported castellated beams is developed. The results show that the shear effect on the free vibration frequencies increases with the cross-sectional area and distance between the centroids of the two tee sections of castellated beams, but decreases with respect to increasing web thickness or increasing beam length. The shear effect is also found to be greater in higher vibration modes.

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10

Hadeed, Shakir Mahmood, and Ahmad Jabbar Hussain Alshimmeri. "Comparative Study of Structural Behaviour for Rolled and Castellated Steel Beams with Different Strengthening Techniques." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 6 (June 23, 2019): 1384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091339.

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Currently, the castellated steel beams are used widely because of their useful structural applications and serviceable performance due to their good significant properties such as light weight, facility in construction, materials economize and strength. The castellated steel beam fabricated from its origin solid beam (I-beam) by cutting its web in a zigzag path and then re-joined the two halve by welding so the height of the castellated beam expanded about 50%. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of castellation with and without strengthening on the structural behaviour of castellated beams and compare the results with the origin solid steel beam. Three castellated beams with deferent configuration in addition to solid beam subjected to two equal point loads at mid third of span with simple support condition were analysed numerically using finite element analysis by Abaqus software virgin (6.14.5) .The results show that the load carrying capacity values of castellated steel beams that represent (second, third& fourth) models were increased by (39.11,105.95&124.77) % respectively compared with origin solid beam due to increase beams stiffness after castellation and strengthening process, while mid-span deflection values at service load were decreased by (36.36,9.10&27.27) % respectively comparing with the origin solid steel beam due to increasing section dimensions and stiffness after castellation process and using strengthening technique respectively. Also it was seen that the maximum ultimate moment and ductility were observed in the fourth model that strengthened by high strength concrete and lacing reinforcement so they increased by 124.79% and 165.65% respectively as compare to reference beam, while the third model that strengthened by high strength concrete was stiffer than other beams.

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11

Khosravi, Hossein, Mohsen Rasouli, Mohsen Khosravi, and S. Shoaib Mousavi. "An investigation on the seismic behavior of castellated beams under explosion loads effect." Environment Conservation Journal 16, SE (December 5, 2015): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2015.se1603.

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Due to the widespread use of ceilings with T-shaped beams as well as because of economic problems and the lack of sufficient variation of rolled profiles, applying castellated beams in buildings with steel structure has become quite common. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the behavior of castellated beams with rigid and semi-rigid connection and surrounding in and non-surrounding in concrete under blast effect. The same pattern was modeled in Abaqus software and the cyclic load was introduced in the form of a domain to the software. The results showed better performance of the beam in rigid connection compared with semi-rigid connection against explosion. Moreover, binge surrounded in concrete causes the castellated beams to perform much better than non-buried mode and improves various drawbacks of the castellated beams. Castellated beams failure mode in the cyclic load is at the same time failure mode (local lodge of lower wing in front of the first opening after the connection) that this deficiency is largely eliminated by adding a reinforcement plate wing.

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12

Pidgurskyi, Ivan, Vasyl Slobodian, Denys Bykiv, and Mykola Pidgurskyi. "Investigation of the stress-strain state of beams with different types of web perforation." Scientific journal of the Ternopil national technical university 103, no. 3 (2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/visnyk_tntu2021.03.079.

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This article is devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of I-beams with different web perforations: hexagonal, round, oval and elliptical. The technology of manufacturing of castellated beams is described. For the purpose of verification the analytical calculation of the beam with hexagonal web perforation and for comparison the calculation by the finite element method is given. To correctly assess the stress-strain state, the mesh of finite elements in the area of openings was concentrated. The results of maximum normal stresses and strains obtained by different methods were compared with each other and the efficiency of using the finite element method to determine the stress-strain state of castellated beams was proved. In the castellated beams there is a complex stress-strain state, which was confirmed in this work for the most characteristic shapes of openings. Beams with hexagonal, round, oval (horizontal and vertical), elliptical and elliptical (rotated by 45°) openings are considered in the article, their geometric parameters and characteristics as well as advantages and disadvantages are described. Beams with round openings are currently the most widely used. In addition, the parameters that affect the efficiency of castellated beams with oval (horizontal and vertical) and elliptical rotated by 45° openings were identified. In this work, it was found that the shape of the openings significantly affects the stress-strain state of the castellated beams, especially for hexagonal openings, which are mainly used so far. The stress distribution in the first opening for each of the considered types of perforations and the nature of the change of σmax in other openings is shown. The stress-strain state of castellated beams was studied using the finite element method. The results of this study are of practical value because they can be used when arranging the sections and openings of castellated beams.

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13

Hussein, Ahmad Alaa, and Ahmad Jabbar Hussain Alshimmeri. "Comparative Study of Structural Behavior for Asymmetrical Castellated (Concavely - Curved Soffit) Steel Beams with Different Strengthening Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 895 (August 3, 2021): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.895.177.

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The Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams with RPC and Lacing Reinforcement improves compactness and local buckling (web and flange local buckling), vertical shear strength at gross section (web crippling and web yielding at the fillet), and net section ( net vertical shear strength proportioned between the top and bottom tees relative to their areas (Yielding)), horizontal shear strength in web post (Yielding), web post-buckling strength, overall beam flexure strength, tee Vierendeel bending moment and lateral-torsional buckling, as a result of steel section encasement. This study presents two concentrated loads test results for seven specimens Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams section encasement by Reactive powder concrete (RPC) with laced reinforcement. The encasement of the Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams consists of, flanges unstiffened element height was filled with RPC for each side, and laced reinforced which are used inclined continuous reinforcement of two layers on each side of the Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams web. The inclination angle of lacing reinforcement concerning the longitudinal axis is 45. Seven specimens with seven different configurations will be prepared and tested under two concentrated loads at the mid-third of the beam span. The tested specimen's properties are: unconfined Asymmetrical Castellated Steel Beams (Reference1), second model; Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams (web and flange) confined with (RPC) only, third model; Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams (web and flange) confined with (RPC) and laced reinforcement, fourth model; is same as the third model but it has one web opening with increase the depth of web post by 10 %, 20%, and 30 % as a gap between top and bottom parts of Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams respectively. The results that have been obtained from the experimental part and the numerical analysis results by ABAQUS demonstrated that the increase of the gap leads to an increase in the load against the deflection curve. Sample CB8 with 122 mm gap has gained the highest load against deflection when compared with either reference sample without gap and other samples with 65 mm and 105 mm gap for concavely–curved soffit Steel Beams.

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14

Xu, Feng, Bo Shao, Wen Qian Yin, and Shao Fei Jiang. "Analysis on Factors Affecting the Local Stability of Web of Castellated Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1002–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1002.

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Through the finite element simulation to study the local stability of the circle-castellated beams, reasonable finite element model was established using finite element software and in-depth analysis of the local stability of the circle-castellated beams on the basis of the castellated beams shear performance test. The same span of the circle-castellated beams, deformation stability performance under two point loads simulation, got deformation form of castellated beams under different pitch of holes, opening ratio, stiffener thickness, depth-thickness ratio. The local stability properties of the same span of the circle-castellated beams are directly related to opening ratio and web depth-thickness ratio changes, which has little effect with the change of hole spacing, stiffener thickness. Using the appropriate opening ratio, web depth-thickness ratio plays an important role on improving the local stability of web under the shear force and the bending moment.

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15

Pachpor, P. D., L. M. Gupta, N. V. Deshpande, and Komal Bedi. "Parameteric Study of Castellated Beam." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.842.

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“Castellated beam” is a name commonly used for type of expanded beam. Castellated beams combine beauty, versatility, economy in steel design. These are fabricated from standard rolled section and are engineered to save time of construction, enabling saving in steel and reducing building costs. These are mainly designed to reduce weight and at the same time increase the efficiency in structural performance. The principal advantage of castellation is the increase in vertical bending stiffness castellated beams have proved to be efficient for moderately loaded longer spans where the Design is controlled by moment capacity or deflection. In this paper a steel beam is selected and Finite Element Analysis is done for constant loading and support condition by using ANSYS software. The deflection pattern at the center of castellated beam is studied for different parametric conditions by changing depth of hexagon to the depth of web ratio and also by changing the position of hexagon along the length of the beam. A comparison is done for various conditions.

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16

Al-Thabhawee, Hayder W., and Abbas A. Mohammed. "Reinforcing the Octagonal Web Openings of Castellated Beam by Steel Rings." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 14, 2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v12i1.581.

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Castellated steel beams are section steel members with hexagonal or octagonal web openings which they are made from standard hot rolled steel section I or H. The main advantage of these members is their economic material. An additional important advantage is a possibility to guide service ducts through the openings. The presence of the web openings influences the members’ failure behavior around the openings, new local failure modes will come into existence, such as the buckling of the web post between the openings, or yielding around the openings. Castellated beams with octagonal openings usually fail due to web post-buckling because of the increase in depth. The current study focused on improving the behavior of the castellated beam with octagonal openings using steel ring stiffener and adjusting the best dimension and distribution for the stiffeners. All the models of specimens have been fabricated from a parent I section (IPE 140). The models have been modeled and analyzed using finite element software ANSYS (version 15). The analysis results showed that reinforcing octagonal castellated beams by adding steel ring stiffeners around octagonal web opening was very active way to increase the ultimate load for long span, where the ultimate load of reinforced octagonal castellated beam increased up to (286%) compared with parent I-section beam. Economically, the percentage of additional steel material which used to expansion and reinforce the castellated beams (spacer plate and steel ring stiffeners) was (36%) when compared with the weight of parent I-section beam. While the allowable load at deflection (L/180) was (260 %) compared to the allowable load of parent section at the same deflection. The gained benefit was increasing the ultimate and allowable load of reinforced octagonal castellated beams by (186%) and (160%) respectively by using additional steel material only (36%) from the weight of parent I- section, which the additional steel material consisted from the spacer plates and steel rings. Also, the results indicate that the best dimensions for the ring were when thickness equal to the web thickness of the parent section and the width equal to the half of the parent section flange width.

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Pritykin, Alexej I., and Konstantin A. Emelyanov. "Local Stability of Castellated Beams with Diamond-Shape Openings: FEM Calculation and Experiment." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.113.

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In this paper the questions of local stability of castellated beams with openings of rhombic shape were considered. The studies were performed numerically on the finite-element models including investigation of castellated beam openings, flanges and a web thickness on critical load influence. The obtained results were verified by experimental data received from the tests performed on the 4-meters steel beams with different parameters of perforation. It was a changing relative width of web-posts under constant height of openings. The experiments confirmed reliability of stability calculations by FEM and show that, in fact, the critical load corresponding to buckling of web-posts determines bearing capacity of castellated beams. It was defined that under the fixed height of openings the critical load of beam with rhombic openings is almost independent on relative width of web-posts.

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Chen, Xiang Rong, Hai Long Yuan, Xing Chen, and Zhen Wen Liu. "Study on Calculation Theory of Elastic Flexural-Torsional Buckling Bearing Capacity for Castellated Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1635.

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The structure of castellated beams is complex, using the computation theory of elastic flexural-torsional buckling of H-shaped beams to study the elastic flexural-torsional buckling strength of castellated beams under different loads, based on simplifying the section's eigenvalues. In addition to the theoretical investigation, the finite element analysis of the accurate critical loads of the beams had been done by the ABAQUS software, a comparison has been made between the calculated loads and analyzed results, error is smaller. Analyzing the effects that divergence ratio, depth-span ratio and distance-height ratio has on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling loads of castellated beams and draw out some reduced calculation methods for the section's eigenvalues and elastic flexural-torsional buckling critical load of castellated beams.

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19

Elaiwi, Sahar Sahib, Boksun Kim, and Long-yuan Li. "Dynamic instability of castellated beams subjected to transverse periodic loading." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 5, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2019.01.002.

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In this study, an analytical solution is developed for the investigation of free vibration, static buckling and dynamic instability of castellated beams subjected to transverse periodic loading. Bolotin’s method is used to perform the dynamic instability analysis. By assuming the instability modes, the mass, stiffness, and geometric stiffness matrices are derived using the kinetic energy, strain energy and potential of applied loads. Analytical equations for determining the free vibration frequency, critical buckling moment, and excitation frequency of castellated beams are derived. In addition, the influences of the flange width of the castellated beam and the static part of the applied load on the variation of dynamic instability zones are discussed.

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20

Yu, Bao Chu, and Guo Dong Wang. "Finite Element Analysis of the Vibration Characteristics of Castellated Composite Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.91.

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Steel-concrete castellated composite beams are a new form, also widely used in bridges and buildings. But the research for the vibration characteristics of the composite beams is less. In this paper, by using the principle of the finite element, it mainly analyzes the influence of some related elements, such as the steel beam web part of the opening location, the size, the location and so on, on composite beam vibration frequency to lay the foundation of further study on the dynamic characteristics of the castellated composite beam.

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Salah, W. A. "Performance of Hybrid Castellated Beams." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 2 (April 9, 2022): 8444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4824.

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In the current study, the up to failure behavior of the Hybrid Castellated Beams (HCBs) is predicted with the use of a developed Finite Element (FE) model. Both material and geometric nonlinearities are considered in the numerical simulations. The accuracy of the FE model was validated using the experimental test results presented in the literature. The results of the FE analysis had a close agreement with the experimental work in predicting the failure load and failure mode pattern. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of some parameters on HCBs’ ultimate strength. These parameters included slenderness of compression flange, beam span-to-depth ratio, and laterally unbraced length of compression flange. A design formula is proposed to estimate the inelastic lateral-distortional strength of both homogeneous and hybrid material castellated beams.

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22

Setiawan, Yanuar, Ay Lie Han, Buntara Sthenly Gan, and Junaedi Utomo. "Numerical analysis of castellated beams with oval openings." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819502008.

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The use of castellated beams has become more popular in the last two decades. The main idea for the use of these types of steel beams is to reduce their self-weight by providing openings in the web of wide flange (WF) or I sections. Numerous research on castellated beams has been conducted, the majority of the studies aimed to optimize the opening size and the shape configuration of the openings. A numerical analysis of castellated beams with oval openings was performed in this study. The sections under investigation had variations in the height-to-length ratios of the beam. The Do to D and b to Do ratios were kept at a constant. The D value was defined as the height of the beam, while Do is the height of the opening, and b is the width of the opening. The numerical analysis was performed by the finite element analysis using the STRAND7 software. The numerical model was further validated to the experimental data. The results showed that the developed finite element model resulted in a very good representation to the actual behavior of the sections.

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Tjahjono, A., E. J. Wijayanti, D. Prayogo, and F. T. Wong. "A comparative study of several bio-inspired algorithms in cost optimization of cellular beams." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 907, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/907/1/012001.

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Abstract Castellated beams are commonly used in steel construction. This study will focus on castellated beams with circular-shaped openings, which are known as cellular beams. Cost optimization of cellular beams is needed to maintain cost efficiency. The optimization considers the selection of a root beam, the diameter of holes, and the total number of holes in the beam as the variables. Four metaheuristic algorithms are used to optimize the design, namely, the particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), symbiotic organisms search (SOS), and artificial bee colony (ABC). A four-meter span beam with a 50 kN point live load in the middle of the beam and a 5 kN/m uniformly-distributed dead load are taken as the case study. The results indicate that the SOS algorithm yields the best optimization results in terms of the average, consistency, and convergence behavior with a 30 out of 30 success rates.

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Pidgurskyi, Ivan, Mykola Pidgurskyi, Oleh Pidluzhnyi, and Vasyl Slobodian. "RESEARCH OF BEARING CAPACITY OF SINGLE-ROW AND DOUBLE-ROW CASTELLATED BEAMS OF DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 78 (October 29, 2021): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.78.426-434.

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The article considers the issue of estimation and technology of beams manufacturing with single- and double-rows perforation of the web with round holes. In particular, the national and foreign experience of constructing facilities with castellated beams is analyzed. The issue of potential reserves for weight decrease of the beams is considered. It is shown that the types of castellated beams are quite diverse and are associated with different configurations and numbers of cutting lines, and as a result with different shapes and sizes of holes. In order to determine the influence of various parameters of structural design, in particular single-row and double-rows perforation of the web on the stress state, bearing capacity and stability of beams modeling of perforated beams with single-row and double-rows web perforation is carried out. For the beams with the insignificant section sizes between round openings, the mesh of finite elements with their essential concentration in zones of holes is carried out. The castellated beams were estimated using the finite element method. It is shown that the influence of circular holes is essential for ensuring the strength, rigidity and efficient operation of cellular beams. A comparative analysis of beams with single-row and double-rows perforation of the web with holes having equal diameters is conducted. It is determined that a more uniform distribution of material in the web of the beam with double-rows perforation increases their rigidity and stability in comparison with single-row perforation with the same weight of structural elements. Based on the research, rational design solutions for castellated beams with single-row and double-rows perforation are proposed based on the criteria of ultimate strength, rigidity and stability.

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25

Liang, Zhen Yu, and Lin Geng. "Finite Element Analysis of Stability Bearing Capacity in Moment Plane of Castellated Steel Components." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1191.

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Recently, polygon hole castellated steel beams have been studied and applied which had better social and economic benefits. But it brings more difficulties to extend castellated steel components that less studies of castellated bending members. In this essay, ANSYS that is a kind of finite element software had been used to analyze castellated bending members, and characteristics of stability bearing capacity in moment plane of regular hexagon hole castellated steel components had been studied that can provide references to engineering design.

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26

Megharief, Jihad, and Richard Redwood. "Behaviour of composite castellated beams." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 46, no. 1-3 (April 1998): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-974x(98)80019-9.

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Elaiwi, Sahar, Boksun Kim, and Long-Yuan Li. "Bending Analysis of Castellated Beams." Athens Journal of Τechnology & Engineering 6, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajte.6-1-1.

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Redwood, RG. "Behaviour of composite castellated beams." Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials 2, no. 2 (2000): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1528-2716(200004/06)2:2<164::aid-pse24>3.0.co;2-7.

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29

Zirakian, Tadeh, and Hossein Showkati. "Distortional buckling of castellated beams." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 62, no. 9 (September 2006): 863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2006.01.004.

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30

Anupriya, B., K. Jagadeesan, and B. Saranya. "Effect of Stiffeners on Castellated Beams." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 12 (2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.01274.0.

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31

Daryan, Amir Saedi, Mohammadreza Sadri, Hamid Saberi, Vahid Saberi, Ahmad Baleh Moghadas, and Mohammadjavad Karimlu. "Rotational capacity of castellated steel beams." Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 22, no. 12 (January 17, 2012): 941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.743.

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32

Mohebkhah, Amin, and Hossein Showkati. "Bracing requirements for inelastic castellated beams." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 61, no. 10 (October 2005): 1373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.03.003.

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Showkati, Hossein, Tohid Ghanbari Ghazijahani, Amir Noori, and Tadeh Zirakian. "Experiments on elastically braced castellated beams." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 77 (October 2012): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.05.008.

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34

Pourbehi, Peyman, and Akbar Pirmoz. "Shear response of castellated steel beams." International Journal of Steel Structures 15, no. 2 (June 2015): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13296-015-6010-9.

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35

Zhu, De Bin, Xiao Jun Cao, Ya Shuang Bai, and Qing Wen Zhang. "A Discussion about the Improvement of Finite Element Analysis Units of Castellated Beam." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.648.

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Castellated beam is a kind of holed web plate structural beam, since it has many advantages: savings in steel, light self-weight, resists bending and easy to deploy, the application of this structural beam becomes more and more widely. Due to its weakened web plate, castellated beam would be affected by shear effects greatly. The deformation of components increased under the affects of external loads. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of finite element analysis model, by consideration of the shearing effects and the bending stiffness affected under opened structure, this issue made improvement based on the theory of curved beams. By compare the results from this issue and the result from the analytical model of shell elements; we verify the feasibility of this method.

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36

Kim, Boksun, Long-Yuan Li, and Ashley Edmonds. "Analytical Solutions of Lateral–Torsional Buckling of Castellated Beams." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 08 (August 25, 2016): 1550044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455415500443.

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The majority of the existing literature on the lateral stability of castellated beams deals with experimental and/or numerical studies. This paper presents a comprehensive analytical study of the lateral–torsional buckling of simply supported castellated beams subject to pure bending and/or a uniformly distributed load. Using the principle of total potential energy, analytical expressions for the critical buckling moments and loads are derived and applied for various beam lengths. The three different locations of the applied load are used: At the top flange, shear center and bottom flange. The results show that the influence of web openings on the critical buckling moments and loads are mainly due to the reduction of the torsional constant caused by the web openings. Web shear effects and web shear buckling become important only when the beam is short and the flange is wide. The critical moments and loads will be overestimated or underestimated if the full or reduced section properties are used. The accurate critical moment or load should be calculated based on the average torsional constant of the full and reduced sections rather than simply taking the average of the critical moments or loads calculated from the full and reduced section properties. The present analytical solutions are verified using 3D finite element analysis results.

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Al-Thabhawee, Hayder Wafi, and Abbas Ali Al-Hassan. "Experimental study for improving behavior of castellated steel beam using steel rings." Pollack Periodica 16, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2020.00215.

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AbstractCastellated beams are made from a hot rolled steel I-section in a few steps. Firstly, the web of the parent I-section is cut in a particular zigzag pattern and the two halves are reconnected by welding to form a castellated beam with hexagonal openings. In other cases, a spacer plate is placed between the two halves to produce octagonal openings, which increase the section depth. Increasing the depth by adding spacer plates leads to web-post buckling. This study focuses on improving the castellated beam to obtain high strength with relatively low cost by placing a steel ring inside the octagonal openings to strengthen the weakest part, which is its web. The results show that the steel ring is effective in strengthening the web-post.

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38

Ilham Maulana, Taufiq, Hakas Prayuda, Bagus Soebandono, Martyana Dwi Cahyati, and Eva Hanifatu Zahra. "Numerical analysis on stress and displacement of tapered cantilever castellated steel beam with circular openings." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819502007.

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Castellated steel beams are made from normal steel beams cut into half with certain pattern and re-jointed to increase its height. This action results in many shapes of openings in its web, one of them being circular. Circular openings of castellated beams can also be implemented with single fix supported structures, but if uniform shape is used, it will reduce its effectiveness. In this paper, adoption of tapered shape on castellated beams with circular openings as cantilever structures will be discussed. This study uses 150x75x5x7 and 200x100x5.5x8 IWF sections with variations of opening diameters, opening spaces, and span lengths. The steel has a yield strength of 400 MPa and the analysis runs with solid element 10-node tetrahedron using the finite element method, by observing Von Mises stress and displacement. Free-licenced software such as LISAFEA 8.0 and FreeCAD are utilized for analysing and drawing solid elements. The result shows that the optimum height of IWF section for 150x75x5x7 is 230 mm and for 200x100x5.5x8 is 318 mm between span lengths of 2 m to 3.5 m. It can be concluded that each of the span lengths has various optimum diameters and opening spaces to acquire the smallest stress and displacement.

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39

Goryachevskiy, Oleg. "Load carrying capacity of castellated I-beam in the elastoplastic formulation problem." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 04044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825104044.

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Developed a method for calculating the load carrying capacity of castellated I-beam with ideal elastoplastic material model in ANSYS Mechanical. The method verified in the test problem of bending a rectangular beam. The ultimate load and ratio of ultimate load to limited load for two different I-beams were calculated. The method can be used for other steel construction.

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40

OKUBO, T., and DA NETHERCOT. "WEB POST STRENGTH IN CASTELLATED STEEL BEAMS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 79, no. 3 (December 1985): 533–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1985.837.

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41

Zaarour, Walid, and Richard Redwood. "Web Buckling in Thin Webbed Castellated Beams." Journal of Structural Engineering 122, no. 8 (August 1996): 860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1996)122:8(860).

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42

Sonck, Delphine, and Jan Belis. "Lateral-Torsional Buckling Resistance of Castellated Beams." Journal of Structural Engineering 143, no. 3 (March 2017): 04016197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001690.

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43

Khaleel, Ahmed I., and Mushriq F. K. AL-Shamaa. "Experimental Investigation on the Structural Behavior of Double Channel Castellated Steel Beams." E3S Web of Conferences 318 (2021): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131803009.

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The main idea of castellated steel beams is to reduce their weight by creating void space (web holes) in the main beam body. This structure tends to exhibit superior properties such as advanced strength, lightweight, and cost-saving compared to the amount of steel used compared with reference beam without web holes. This study is devoted to investigating the structural behavior of double-channel cast steel beams. In this project, two pieces of a rolled hot steel channel were connected to form a new section used in the testing program. Five beams of different sections were manufactured and tested using the same length and all testing parameters conditions with only a difference in the number of openings and distance (e) between each hole to study the behavior of section to different bearing loads and deformation. Two loading points were placed on a third of the length of the castellated steel beam. This study showed that when the web holes are few, the total bearing strength decreases. As the number of web holes increased to a specific limit, the bearing strength continued to rise, and if openings exceeded a specific limit, the bearing force decreased. The rate of increase to the bearing force was found between 17.7-40.0%. Lastly, as per beam deformation, the deformation value decreased as the number of openings increased, which was taken at the maximum load of the reference beam.

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44

Al-Thabhawee, Hayder Wafi, and Muslim Abdul-Ameer Al-Kannoon. "Experimental study of the behaviour and failure modes of tapered castellated steel beams." Open Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0028.

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Abstract This article discusses the experimental testing of tapered castellated beams (TCBs) under mid-span concentrated load. These beams are created by cutting the webs of standard I-sections in a particular zigzag pattern and rejoining the two parts by placing variable expansion plates between web posts and welding them together. Generally, the depth of the mid-span will be increased. A standard I-section (IPE140) was selected as a parent beam to fabricate three TCB specimens and one prismatic castellated beam. The experimental results showed that the ultimate load capacity of the TCBs could be increased up to 140% of the ultimate load capacity of the parent section. Fabricating a TCB is an effective way of increasing the allowable load of a long-span member while remaining within International Building Code-defined deflection limits. The experimental results showed that the allowable load at deflection (L/360) increased up to 183% of the allowable load for the control specimen at the same deflection. Finally, the experimental results showed that web-post buckling and joint-weld rupture failure modes occurred in TCBs due to the formation of high shear forces that tried to twist the web posts.

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45

A.Waryosh, Waleed, and Ali S. Ali. "BEHAVIOR AND STRENGTH OF GEOPOLYMER CASTELLATED COMPOSITE BEAMS." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 24, Special (August 1, 2020): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.conf.1.39.

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46

E.S.Ismail, R., A. S. Fahmy, and N. M. Tawfik. "Finite Element Modeling Of Partially Composite Castellated Beams." Communications on Applied Electronics 2, no. 3 (June 25, 2015): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/cae-1689.

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47

Mimoune, Mostefa, Mohammed Soltani, and Abdelhamid Bouchair. "Numerical modelling of castellated beams with hexagonal openings." World Journal of Engineering 9, no. 2 (June 2012): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.9.2.167.

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48

Ellobody, Ehab. "Interaction of buckling modes in castellated steel beams." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 67, no. 5 (May 2011): 814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.12.012.

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49

Al-Mawashee, Haidar Shaiker, and Muslim Abdul-Ameer Al-Kannoon. "Flexural Strength of Castellated Beams with Corrugated Webs." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1973, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1973/1/012213.

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50

Gu, Jian-Zu. "Free Vibration of Castellated Beams with Web Shear and Rotary Inertia Effects." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 14, no. 06 (June 24, 2014): 1450011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414500114.

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This paper presents analytically obtained free vibration frequencies of castellated beams, that take into account the effects of both web shear and rotary inertia. The results show that the rotary inertia effect on the free vibration frequencies is very important for beams with no or weak effect from web shear. However, for beams where the web shear effect is dominant the rotary inertia effect can be almost ignored.

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