Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Castes – Sénégal – Sénégal, Vallée du'
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Kyburz, Olivier. "Les hiérarchies sociales et leurs fondements idéologiques chez les Haalpulaar'en (Sénégal)." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100206.
Full textThis thesis is based on a year and a half of fieldwork in the mid-valley of the Senegal River. Its main purposes to describe how a tukulor conceives of the social category to which he belongs, and what notions he appeals to, in order to distinguish himself from the others. In the first part, the rimbe - categories of the nobles - are exposed: Fulani, fishermen, political councilors, warriors and Muslim clerics. Fulani and fishermen exploit different parts of the valley and master distinct areas of knowledge. Whoever will master both domains of knowledge is to be viewed as anti-social and dangerous. These categories are thus in a complementary relationship. The Fulani chiefs have gained the stewardship of the next two categories. The first one, that of the councilors, is closely connected to them through kinship and has jealously kept close to its interests. The other one, the warriors, constituted of foreigner’s exhibit a total dedication to their leaders. The problem for both categories is one of dependency. As to the last noble category, the clerics, they originate from all others social categories. In the second part, dealing with craftsmen and praise-singers nyeenybe, the traditions specific to each groups are examined. There are important differences, notably in marriage practices. The goldsmiths, who are considered to be part of a Fulani lineage, see the "red leather mongers, themselves of Fulani origin, as the only group who could induce them to give up endogamy. Conversely, the non-fulani craftsmen claim equality between the diverse nyeenybe, and pretend that they take wives in any group of craftsmen. In conclusion, a hypothesis is adduced on the historical evolution of the institution of occupational castes in tokolor society, from the analysis of historical and genealogical data
Tandian, Aly. "Des migrations internationales à la question identitaire : redéfinition de statuts des migrants Haalpulaar et évolution des rôles féminins dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20004.
Full textFollowing the repeated droughts, the end of the welfare system. . . , many Senegalese citizens choose to expatriate. This situation is increased in the valley of the Senegalese river where the inhabitants don't resign to their fate for the leading majority of the male migration can be seen as a protest against the hard living conditions. Our research was carried out in the Haalpulaar society where there are free men, servants and slaves as well as a land supremacy of free men. Yet, with the increasing migration, new complex and remote destinations are defined for many reasons while making it possible to the migrant to acquire economic ressources. We would like to show the circulatory strategies through the country of settlement and the adjustement of ways of sociability in the native villages. Thus, from the emerging constructions of individual and collective identities, the aim of this research is to explain the effects of the male absence on the reconstruction of the family role and to assess the importance of capital in the Haalpulaar social structure
Gelbert, Agnès. "Etude ethnoarchéologique des phénomènes d'emprunts céramiques : enquêtes dans les haute et moyenne vallées du fleuve Sénégal (Sénégal)." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100057.
Full textBa, Coura. "Agriculture paysanne et sécurité alimentaire : analyse de la dynamique de l'agriculture de décrue dans le département de Podor (Vallée du fleuve Sénégal)." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070074.
Full textThe recession agriculture is still present in the valley of the Senegal and especially in Podor department despite two decades of irrigation. The Farmers devote themselves to it as soon as the rising allows. However, this activity is fluctuating and even random because being confronted with water-related constraints includes the lack or inadequacy of flooding. In addition, there are other technical constraints, economic (low agricultural equipment, expensive seed) structural (lack of supervision of farmers). Also this activity is confronted with an absence of appropriate agricultural decision for it development. In the Podor department, this activity occupies 40% of farmers and requires effective strategies by decision makers and local actors. The objective of this study is to analyse the perception of the local population in the Podor department on this recession agriculture and also to measure its dynamic and place on local foods in this area. Holding account of the socio-economic surveys data conducted in this area also hydrological, agricultural and demographical data, it appears that the presence of more effective agricultural recession in the Podor department is strongly linked to economical and social factors, and as well cultural. And also the strategies made by decision makers such as the State, the Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (OMVS) and the actors themselves are still not enough to allow the development of this activity. Despite all the difficulties to which it faces, the operators are still optimistic about the long term future of this activity in the area
N'Dir, Massaër. "Possibilités de mécanisation agricole dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38305.
Full textDiop, Mamadou. "Les bilans hydriques des sols dans la moyenne vallée du Sénégal : contribution à l'étude des besoins en eau de la végétation." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010715.
Full textBarq, Evelyne. "Les organisations non gouvernementales et la coopération décentralisée dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal : Sénégal et Mauritanie." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUEL015.
Full textThis thesis addresses the role played by NGOs and by the decentralized cooperation in the Senegal River Valley, taking into account the banks of Senegal and Mauritania. In the first part, we focus on the evolution of public international cooperation, from "aid to development" to "fight against poverty". The NGOs' and decentralized cooperation "nongovernmental" identity is relativized due to their financial dependence. The second part presents the problems of development in the Senegal River Valley. The implementation of the program of the Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (OMVS) disrupts hydrology and the environment in our study aera. Many constraints threaten the profitability of irrigated agriculture and most Valley residents remain condemned to multiple jobs and to precarity. Migrant's potential to provide assistance to their families and to fund community projects in village is reduced. Specific responses of non-governmental actors are the subject of the third party. It appears that they do not express diffrent development strategies, but are part of the models prescribed by public cooperation. Non-governmental actors have, however, some latitude to direct their support to the most vulnerable people
Dia, Amadou Hamath. "Décentralisation et développement local : le cas de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20097.
Full textThise thesis analyses the process of implementation of decentralization in three territorial authorities of the river Senegal (Kanel, Ndiayenne-Pendao, Ross-Béthio). The rural community, whose creation goes back to 1972, gradually stands out as the agent of a double political legitimacy and action. The beginning of a "local order" around the elected officials shows that on behalf of its "usual strangeness", this level of community becomes a relevant framework of organization and impulsion of the territorial dialogue. Thus, animated by the agricultural country elite, autonomous local scene emerge. So the politico-traditional channels, formerly controlling local space, do not disappear but are adjusted. However, on account of limited resources of action, the rural community seems not the actor of the development, but rather as the elected institution which plays the part of cooridnation and animation of the actions of development related to its territory
Baldé, Mamadou Lamarana. "L'aménagement des périmètres intermédiaires de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal (rive gauche) : bilan et perspectives." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20085.
Full textMbow, Thierno Idrissa. "Représentations sociales et construction de l'identité paysanne : Dynamique des représentations de la richesse et de la pauvreté chez les paysans du Delta du fleuve Sénégal." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA111004.
Full textDiop, Mor. "Aménagement de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal : formation paysanne et processus de responsabilisation." Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30025.
Full textSummary : a brief presentation of the physical and human environment to delimit the context of the study is followed by an analysis of the historical development of the area. The work them focuses on the difficulties and constraints that have delayed participation and responsabilisation of the farmers in the operation and management of differents types of perimeters in the delta and the senegal river valley. The study is particularly concerned with issues related to agricultural extension through the analysis of the relations between extension workers and farmers. The work concludes by giving a fameworh of the basis of smallholder agriculture development well structured and self sustained in the dynamics of the post-dams era
Diop, Djibril. "Dynamiques territoriales, décentralisation et enjeux de développement local dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal : cas des communautés rurales de la région de Matam." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010519.
Full textN'Diaye, Boubacar. "Les Soninké de la moyenne vallée du Sénégal : évolution comparée de la consommation alimentaire et du fonctionnement des unités de production agricole." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10049.
Full textTarrière-Diop, Claire. "Les organisations paysannes dans la dynamique du changement social, le cas de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010531.
Full textInquiries made in 1992-93 in the rural community of guede have allowed to charaterize the present organisational phenomenon through our analysis focused not on a peculiar type of peasant organisation (PO), but on the inter-po articulations and the place of the PO in the actors strategy. Our main question is about the social meaning of the PO. Specifically, which is the role of the PO in the ongoing process of social restructuration in the African countrysides ? What are the stakes of these new organisational dynamics ? With this work, we want to show on one side that behind the diversity of the PO exists more than a scattered whole of po without links. Even, if certain po like the village associations for development or the federations at a national level play a peculiar role, the number of synergies existing between the po as well as between themselves and the other actors plays a part in the construction of a peasantry movement. On the other side, through the po, a certain number of sociopolitical stakes are played, as well at the level of the village society (at once reproduction and innovation in the social relations, leaderschip phenomenon) as at the level of global society (state-peasants relations). At these two levels, the PO are both the result and the engine of change, but they are also a mean of managing social change
Bernard, Claire. "Les aménagements du bassin du fleuve Sénégal pendant la colonisation : 1850/1960." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070031.
Full textAfter a precise description of the senegal river valley's, it is a very complete analysis of each development projects, which is being done. For each projects statements which has to be settleddavn, the political, economic and social contexts, as much in france than in the valley is related. This allows us to unterstand the causes of the failures and the difficulties of a political statement or the spreading out of a poor area. The political, economic, ecological and social's life in the valley is being dealt by to pics : real estate, landed property, conflicts, climatic problems, scarcity or starvation. The african chief district's attitude and the european's commercial houses which contribute to the population's misery, especially during the two world wars, has been denounced
Thiam, El Hadji Ibrahima. "Premières études archéoanthracologiques au Sénégal : évolution de la végétation de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal pendant l'âge du fer." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30021.
Full textThe archaeoanthracological analysis makes it possible to identify the charcoals from the archaeological sites. In the present study, it was used for the first time in Senegal. This analysis was essentially applied to Diallowali and Sinriou-Bara, two sites of the middle Senegal rive valley, occupied between the Xth and the XVth centuries (Iron age). This region belongs to the north-sahelian floristic area. The identification of these charcoals, used for iron reduction and potery, has shown a widespread human action in this region. The various species of the Combretaceae family markers of the advanced stages of vegetation degradation, were largely exploited. However, the wood of some Acacia, which require more or less water (Acacia nilotica subsp. Adstringens, A nilotica subsp. Tomentosa, A. Sieberiana, A. Seyal) could also have been taken off the flooded zone of the valley. The woody floristic cortege was roughly constituted of elements of the sahelo-sudanian flora. Examination of the present vegetation has shown the rarefaction and even the total disappearance of most of the taxa identified. Although some stratigraphtic problems as well as the fairly short duration of the occupation do not make it possible to state clear-cut changes between the archaeological layers, this phenomenon is in keeping with the general process of the vegetation degradation during the two last millenia. The multiplicity of metallurgy sites in the area, the historical data and the present observations demonstrate that the human action is mainly responsible of these degradations. The anatomical part of this thesis gives a description of 8 species of the genus Combretum and of Guiera senegalensis; a key for microscopic identification is also provided
Gueye, Ndeye Sokhna. "Poteries et peuplements de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal du 16e au 20e siècle : approches ethnoarchéologique, archéologique et ethnohistorique." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100051.
Full textHumery, Marie-Eve. "L' écriture du pulaar (peul) dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0075.
Full textThe 1980-90's have been a golden age, that of the "Pulaar movement" where Fula language (Pulaar or Fulfulde), the fourth most widely spoken African language, has been the subject of extensive mobilization for his writing in adapted Latin script. This cultural and social movement surprises for two reasons : firstly , its relative magnitude, duration and popular involvement, on the other hand, the choice of the Latin script though Fula is written in Arabic script from at least the 18th century. The central question chosen to study this cultural nationalism reinvested by development actors was to understand what pulaar movement can reveal about haalpulaar society (or "toucouleur") and vice versa. Reading and writing in their mother tongue does change anything? How scriptural skills and practices are socially constructed? How do they participate in individual and collective construction? How do they affect social relationships? In response, Pulaar literacy should be l addressed in its pluriscriptural and digraphic context. The other two most common written languages in Fuuta Tooro have been therefore considered: the French, the official and public education language, facilitating social mobility and international migration, and Arabic, the religious language of a "power-knowledge" perpetuating social and political establishment but also the language of some commercial and migratory networks. Centred on social anthropology of writing close to New Literacy Studies, the approach chosen was global and multidisciplinary
Ndiaye, Ibra Cire. "Les Toucouleurs et les bases socio-juridiques de l'agriculture irriguée dans la moyenne vallée du Sénégal : vers l'émergence de nouveaux dispositifs régulatoires et d'un développement négocié au Sahe." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010272.
Full textDecades ago, Senegal began to modernize its rural regions in order to attain food self-sufficiency and to find a place in the global economy. The hydro-agricultural development in the valley of the Senegal river is to be read within this overall aim and it brings to light the different rationales followed by the players in the field, i. E. , the state, rural or peasant organizations, lending organisms, ngos. . . In order to come to a clearer understanding of each of these partners'actions, it is necessary to trace the actions back to the rationale which governs them. Land property can then be read in terms of power and authority relationships projected onto the soil itself and onto these tracts of areas-as-resource. These areas-as-resource, which are differentiated and complementary, are governed by various judicial systems: traditional and laws, and the state's land laws. The first system derives its authority mainly from the right of prior occupancy. The toucouleure (peule) experiment shows that far from being rigid, custom can be one of the factors of change. The second is governed by the law national land which conditions the distribution of land to its being exploited. What comes to light is that the partners can see beyond their own rationales in order to come up with adapted judicial answers. How can new judicial rules for the management of renewable naturel resources be implemented in order to ensure viable and lasting development in the Sahel region ? In the societies of Sahel, forums of negotiation can contribute to the implementing of new regulation systems and lead to a negotiated development of the Sahel region
Monteillet, Jacques. "Evolution quaternaire d'un écosystème fluviomarin tropical de marge passive : environnements sédimentaires et paléoécologie du delta et de la basse vallée du Sénégal depuis environ 100.000 ans." Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0012.
Full textKane, Alioune. "Le Bassin du Sénégal à l'embouchure, flux continentaux dissous et particulaires invasion marine dans la vallée du fleuve : contribution à l'hydrologie fluviale en milieu tropical humide et à la dynamique estuairienne en domaine Sahélien." Nancy 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN21002.
Full textCecchi, Philippe. "Phytoplancton et conditions de milieu dans l'estuaire du fleuve Sénégal : effets du barrage de Diama." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20147.
Full textNuttall, Christophe. "Occupation de l'espace, mutation et développement dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénegal : Cas de l'arrondissement d'Ouro-Sogui, département de Matam." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL089.
Full textThe Sénégal river valley under the influence of unique cl8imatic and geo-ecological conditions is characterized by a traditional form of spatial land use which permits the superposition of agro-halio-pastoral systems of production. Two factors has disrupted the delicate balance which exists between man and his environment: a demographic explosion and drought which have precipitated an important migratory movement of active adult males outside of the valley. These migrants have not been success fully retained by the rapid introduction of small village irrigation perimeters. In light of this double "misadventure", there have been number of responses: - the local inhabitants have organised village development associations with the ob- jective of improving the conditions of village life in order to retain local youth. - non gouvernement development organizations which have initiated from urgency aid diverse development strategies. - hydroagricultural dam projects which have been conceived by the member States of OMVS (organisation for the development of the Sénégal valley). As the damw become operational, certain questions may be raised concerning the pertinence of newly emerging land use strategies in ligot of the termination of a natural flood. We feel it is possible to conceive of a type of land management which incorporates both the area occupied by the riverine populations and the area required to meet the nutritional needs of an experonentialy
Diagana, Boubacar-Tidjane. "Développement de l'irrigation et intervention des acteurs privés dans le delta du Sénégal, rive gauche : analyse et bilan de l'action de l'Etat trente ans après le lancement de l'"Opération Delta" et dix ans après son désengagement de l'agriculture irriguée." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040187.
Full textThe launching at 1964 of the "operation 30 000 ha" in the Senegal delta and the development at large scale of the irrigation in the Senegal river area, with the OMVS program, seem like a reply politic at an ecological crisis who felling this part of the country nudging his population to emigrate. This plan sustained by an ideology qualified by her inspiratory as African socialism and leads in accordance with the rules of this ideology by the state's control -SAED- have not answered at waiting. Neither at these on state who allowed to resorb his importing all the more considerable so since the state's population increasing more swiftly than the food-producting, or at these on farming who hoped to get in the rice growing an alternative at his traditional growing at a distinct recession. The SAED's dysfunction and the state's economics difficulty in the middle of the eighties leaded to the state's disengagement to profit from the farming's organizations and the private sec, tor. The private irrigation has developed since 1987 at rapid but anarchical way. In spite of the legal, administrative and financial steps, exist some doubt as the future of the sector, notably the farming's organization's capacity to keep at a technical level of productivity the perimeter moved by SAED, and these private to retain the land patrimony
Marone, Diatta. "Évaluation de l'impact socio-économique des brise-vent dans le delta et la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21928.
Full textBadiane, Mamadou Lamine. "Les nouvelles dynamiques urbaines dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal : l'exemple des communes de Richard Toll, Ndioum et Ourossogui." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3041/document.
Full textIn Senegal, the urbanization of the valley is one of the most significant developments occurred during the last two decades. From the 1990s, the erection of more than a dozen towns in urban centers has dramatically changed the urban landscape of the valley that was once made of old river calls (St. Louis, Dagana, Podor and Matam). Indeed, the originality of the urbanization of River Senegal valley is characterized by the emergence of the jeeri cities and the decay of those of de waalo which were old river ports of call. Along the RN2, are spread out relatively new cities with variable characteristics. The national transportation system and geographical position have transformed Richard Toll, Ndioum and Ourossogui into emerging urban centers on the left bank of River Senegal. The rise of urban centers and the emergence of a hierarchical and diverse urban network have taken place in the context of decentralization. The administrative and territorial reforms are part of a national urban network rebalancing and also appear to be the expression of a new development policy mainly based on decentralization and local development
Diagne, Abdoulaye. "Place et rôle des coopératives agricoles du delta du fleuve Sénégal dans le développement en Mauritanie." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE21009.
Full textSince 1960, the main characteristic of the economic policy carried on in mauritania, has been a priority to the mining sector. This priority has been materialized by an orientation of investments and implementation of projects in favor of this sector. This policy had the effect of worsening the crisis in the agricultural sector, which had been yet developped by unfavorable climatic conditions. Faced with such a situation, the new agricultural policy in mauritania, leant on cooperatives as an instrument for the boost to the agricultural production; this policy takes place within the context of the omvs integratated rural development program. These cooperatives are composed of two categories: one category is overseen by the national society of rural development, the other category is constituted of rustic cooperatives. Generally speaking, those cooperatives meet with serious problems: a products marketing system mainly profitable to merchants, the weakness of technical means, and the hold of the state entreprise over the cooperatives. At last, and particularly, the social relations which give their structures to the mauritanian societies exclude from land property and power of decision the real productors. The unfavorable climatic conditions and the orientation of investments are not alone responsable for the degradation of the agriculture situation. The emergence of new dynamics behind which the productors would be the driving force is a fundamental condition for the boost to the agricultural production
Ludl, Christine. "La (les) représentation(s) de la migration, entre pouvoir et réussite : la mobilité des migrant(e)s originaires de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal entre leur pays d'origine et la France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0015.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis explores the representation(s) and imaginations of migrants from the Senegal River Valley traveling between their countries of origin and France. The project pursues a twofold objective: Firstly, to account for recent transformations of representation(s) of power, legitimacy, and success, as well as for a diversification of ways to accede to social prestige, as they have been observed in various African countries. Secondly, to further develop a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of representation(s) and the imagination and to provide a detailed understanding of the relations between culture, politics and representation(s). The study draws on an interdisciplinary theoretical framework building on anthropology, social psychology and (the) philosophy (of culture), leading to a methodological framework that combines non directive interview with the analysis of cultural performances. It aims at reconsidering the important role of traveling, shown by classical works on migrations from this region, which frequently, and in a rather essentialist manner, conceive of migration as a “tradition” or as “initiation rituals”. In contrast to that, the study highlights their interdependence with recent social, economic and political dynamics in host and sending countries. It reveals new forms of conceiving the relations between mobility and social prestige, especially in relation to time, as well as ambiguities and contradictions stemming from of social and power relations during the migration process. However, the study also shows the ways in which the migrants deal with these ambiguities, leading to a coherent “narration of the self”
Pin, Diop Raphaëlle. "Spatialisation du risque de transmission de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift en milieu agropastoral sahélien du Sénégal septentrional." Orléans, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090785.
Full textRift valley fever (RVF) is an emerging zoonotic arbovirose, mainly affecting man and ruminants. Predicting high risk areas is an important stake of this disease's control, as neither specific treatments nor efficient prevention programs exist. In the agropastoral sahelian area of Senegal, the rainy season is the high-risk period, when hosts and vectors gather around temporary flooded ponds. Virus transmission mechanisms are complex, since they imply at least two different vector species with particular ecologies (Aedes vexans and Culex poicilipes), and sedentary or transhumant hosts. The Barkedji district is an enzootic area. In order to assess the risk level, defined as host-vector contact intensity during the rainy season, we set up a model predicting livestock herds spatial distribution, from satellite and field data. Then temporary ponds, the vectors' biotope, were detected on a series of SPOT5 images and used to assess relative vector abundance. Those data were then assembled in a model, allotting to each pixel of the study zone a relative risk level, accounting to herds density, vector abundance and vegetation cover. Our results are encouraging, although the model has to be improved and validated. The main interest of our study is to present a specific methodological approach, applied to health-environnement matters and based on the study of the interactions between the epidemiological cycle elements and the environment. We also hope that, in a close future, it will become helpful to the senegalese RVF monitoring network
Ndiaye, Yéro. "Aménagements hydroagricoles dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal, rive mauritanienne : Les problèmes d'encadrement." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL029.
Full textIn a sahelian region made more precarious by the persitent drought, the new use of dams seems to reassure decision-makers, who in irrigated culture, see the best means self-sufficieney in food. Yet, the development of this technology in an environment, which, up to now, is ignorant of hydro-agricultural traditions, implies good quality training capable of making it popular. . . So, in this study centered upon the mauritanean bank of the middle valley of the Sénégal river, we try and show the risky aspect of irrigation just now. This situation is the result of a lack of good training. The variable technico economy element predominates, whereas the human dimension, the real countrymen's participation are neglected. "Development is neither an obligation nor a law it is a social project among others". J. Gallais
Bruckmann, Laurent. "L'intégration des zones inondables dans la gestion de l'eau et le développement de l'irrigation d'une vallée fluviale sahélienne : le cas des terres de décrue de la moyenne vallée du Sénégal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC214/document.
Full textSince the decline of water resources in the 1970s, the middle Senegal river valley is a space dealing with many socio-environmental changes. Public policies have controlled the river with two dams, Manantali and Diama, and made the valley the preferred location for the development of irrigated agriculture for the national supply of rice. Faced to this situation, the floodplains wetlands, characterized by a flood/recession rythm, are forgotten by development policies. The objective of the thesis is to understand how these flood recession lands fit into socio-environmental changes, and finally to define their current roles for local populations into the reorganization of the middle Senegal river valley.The work is based on a study of the socio-ecological system of the floodplain of the middle valley. The methodology thus has several components. A hydrological analysis and a mapping of the dynamics of the flooded areas by remote sensing, showed the importance of the management choices of the Manantali dam in the allocation of water for the flood in the valley. Socio-economic surveys, carried out in four village terroirs and using semi-structured interviews, highlighted the integration of flood-recession related activities into household strategies, and define the economic, food supply and ecological functions between the different agro-ecological units of the floodplain. Finally, factors holding flood-recession related activities have been identified at household level, such as the diversity of ecosystem services, the heritage value of these areas and the integration of households in irrigation
Tangara, Daouda. "Les défis du développement régional et la dynamique des politiques d'aménagement du bassin du fleuve Sénégal : L'OMVS (Mali, Mauritanie, Sénégal) et le barrage de Manantali dans la vallée du Bafing (Mali)." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30025.
Full textSituated between the 100 20 and the 170 30 north parallels and the 70and the 160 30 west meridians the basin of the senegal river which spreads on area of 388 000 square kilometers is a geographical domain with important potentialities but it has numerous contraints. Nowadays, politically shaned between the guinea, mali, mauritania and senegal republics, this area was chosen for several past developpement projects without any result until the creation of the 0 m v s in 1972. In that new cooperation environnement between thes states, the dams of dima and manantali were built. The latten which is a multifunctional building (energy production, fluvial transport and irrigation) is not finished , since the first two parts one still to be put in concrete form. But through the booming of on self-made town and a large damming lake it has already enabled important changes in country and town fields as well as in transport networks today and in the future, human and socio-economical consequences of this large regional and development operation raises the issue of political and economical integration between these countries. Nevertheless, if its making hadn't been made possible without a large mobilization of the international community and moneylendes, the dynamics of this cooperation and land development policy shows the challenges of the regional developement
Avenier-Sharman, Dominique. "Dynamique de dégradation de l'espace rural sénégalais : le cas de la vallée de Bignona en Basse-Casamance." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30016.
Full textThe field work for this study was carried out in the valley of bignona. The study focuses on those changes in both the ecology of the area and the production systems which led to a degradation in the quality of life of rural populations. The basse-casamance, considered in terms of its natural resources to be the richest region of senegal, has not been spared by drought. It has suffered as have other regions, a degradation of the environment brought about by overexploitation of soils and by deforestation, by rural exodus, and by poorly coordinated development projects. The ecology and agricultural systems of the valley differ in the north and the south. In the south, the production system is still traditional and concentrates on rice growing. In the north, it is more open to the exterior and is based on crops such as millet, sorghum and groundnuts cultivated on the plateau. Agriculturalists in both the north and the south are faced with an erratic climate and economic difficulties. This study of the valley of bignona brings out the spectacular transformations of the natural environment and of production systems which have taken place since the beginning of the century. Particular mention is made of the effects that the introduction of groundnuts and the recent drought have had on the development of both the production systems and the landscape. If they do not actually encourage the process of degradation, the actions of development projects and organisations in the valley have not yet succeeded in stopping it
Dieng, Dah. "Morphodynamique éolienne et problèmes d'ensablement dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal : étude de cas : le lac Rkiz et le Koundi." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30077.
Full textFor more than three decades a long and severe drought has progressively installed itself in sahel, starting a new process of desertification, the wind being its principal agent. The study of this aeolian morphodynamic is based on the use of 73 000 anemometric readings from two stations, rosso and boutilimit, located in the south of mauritania. The statistical analysis of these readings provides observations varying according to the scale of time : - on the level of the day, the efficiency of the wind increases in conditions favorable to raising temperatures and thus rates of evaporation. This efficiency is greater in the dry season when the harmattan blows. Wind power is developed during the period of greatest fragility in the area. - on the level of the year, the winds blow in many directions, but those of the north-east quadrant of the compass are the most frequent and hold the power to determine the annual morphodynamic effects of the wind and principal wind direction. This morphodynamic process, observed through a diachronic analysis of aerial photographs taken in 1954, 1976, 1988 and 1993, is very recent and tied to the diminishment of plant life which anchors the soil. The important potentiality of the aeolian transport makes itself felt in the remobilisation of the sand dunes and a massive meridional migration of sand. Through its most northern reaches, lake rkiz and the koundi, the senegal river valley is threatened by these aeolian erosive processes only found in desert conditions
Lorin, Marie. "La poésie orale peule des pêcheurs de la vallée du Fleuve Sénégal (Pékâne) : approche géopoétique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INAL0014/document.
Full textThis dissertation aims to link a poetry specific to River Senegal’s fishermen called Pékâne (Pekaan) - especially one of its lesser-known component called Diârâlé (Jaaraale) - and a landscape : the Valley of the River Senegal. Pékâne is a fulani oral poetry sung a capella by fishermen of the River Senegal. Diârâlé is often defined as a descriptive poetry. It is deeply rooted in a local territory and it retraces the poets’ itinerary along the bank of the River Senegal. This fundamental aspect has lead me to choose a specific theoretical framework : the geopoetic approach which has never been used before to study Pékâne and its components. This is why, this dissertation tries to show why Diârâlé can be defined as a landscaping poetry which was able to adapt itself to a highly changing environment. Three main issues are raised.The first part analyses how Diârâlé is building itself not only on an intertextual network but also on a social and cultural network. The second part examines the Diârâlé actual evolutions, showing that it is a dynamic genre which was able to continue beyond Guélâye Âli Fâl, the tutelary figure of modern Pékâne. Finally, the last part shows that Diârâlé can be considered as a landscaping and nomadic poetry linked to environmental changes that are hitting the River Senegal Valley.The analysis is based on a corpus made of six oral performances collected in 2011 and 2012 in Senegal. Texts are transcribed in Fulani and translated into French
Gnokane, Adama. "La politique française sur la rive droite du Sénégal : Le pays maure 1817-1903." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010569.
Full textNdiaye, Mbaye. "Systèmes de production et mutations des paysages ruraux dans la basse vallée du Ferlo au Sénégal." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519417.
Full textSchmitz, Jean. "Du jihād à la migration internationale : la diaspora des républiques musulmanes de la vallée du Sénégal." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H008.
Full textThe history of the Haalpulaaren of the Senegal River Valley during the last three centuries, could be summarized in four outlines of social organizations and patterns of change. Social and cultural anthropology provide the tools necessary to understand West African Islam and international migrations. First, and Imamate has been created at the end of the eighteenth century by muslims coming from heterotopia or liminal space located in the border of others African States. During the nineteenth century, clerical dynasties grew up inside a huge chess-board linking Moors of the right bank and Haalpulaaren of the left bank. From there, new "jihadic" movements left the Valley towards the West and actual Mali. Thirdly, in the twentieth, the internal organization of each small province shrunk in a mosaic of very small City-States where took place the irrigated perimeters of the 1970. A fourth configuration is the today migratory network which, like constellation, connect three poles -villages of departure, major African cities and Western Countries (France, USA)- in multilocal communities
Leroy, Maya. "Gestion stratégique des écosystèmes dans un contexte d’aide internationale : engagements environnementaux et dispositifs de gestion dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Paris, ENGREF, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENGR0022.
Full textIn three decades, international conventions have become a major tool for public action in the field of the environment. They offer the double promise of action that is broadly based on agreement and a strong commitment to collective responsibility. But what is the environmental effectiveness of these commitments? Are they followed by effects? The question arises for international conventions, as for all public, international, national or territorial environmental policies. In response, widespread today's approaches that see negotiation as coordination, cooperation or market principles are lacking. Normative evaluation frameworks are essential in this context, as well as the dimensions of power and strategy. In this perspective of strategic environmental management analysis, it is necessary to carry out fieldwork that clearly enlight the announcements of collective environmental responsibility in one hand and on the other, the concrete evolutions of the state of the environment the acts that cause them. In the case of the Senegal river valley, a vast floodplain of a river that crosses four states, we have analyzed several management measures put in place to take charge of the environment (the Mitigation and Monitoring Environmental Impacts Program of Senegal River Development -PASIE, Left Bank Management Plan and Planning -PDRG and Senegalese Environmental Planning: Regional Action Plan for the Environment -PRAE and the Regional Conservation Strategy Of Biodiversity - SRCB). It shows that they are far from taking care of the responsibilities to be assumed, particularly in the context of the Ramsar (wetlands) and biodiversity conventions. The thesis analyzes in depth the causes of this state of affairs. It identifies the consequences and replaces them in the broader picture of the long-term vicissitudes of development actions whose effectiveness and sustainability are highly questionable
Auclair, Audrey. "Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal : vers une gestion participative? : implication des populations dans la gestion des ressources du bassin et évolution des relations entre riverains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30127/30127.pdf.
Full textDuvail, Stéphanie. "Scénarios hydrologiques et modèles de développement en aval d'un grand barrage : Les usages de l'eau et le partage des ressources dans le delta mauritanien du fleuve Sénégal." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GEO6.
Full textDiouf, Ibrahima Faye. "Système mixte agriculture irriguée et élevage transhumant : l'enjeu autour de l'accès aux ressources foncières dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20084/document.
Full textIn the development of the Senegal River Valley and more precisely irrigated agriculture, pastoralist populations put forward a set of strategies to strengthen family farms. Since the 1970-1980 drought crises the situation of nomadic livestock as well as sustainability challenges in the valley continues to deteriorate, due to the reduction of rangeland. This work aims to understand the survival strategies adopted by farmers to keep their farms viable. Survey work in 41 farm managers was used to analyze the logic of agricultural diversification and land capitalization among Fulani Walwalbé. To face to the expansion of Irrigated Village Perimeters, ranchers have chosen to strengthen their practice of irrigated agriculture to vary their sources of income and have better access to postharvest lands. Farmers in rural communities of Gamadji and Guede towns located in the middle valley are very present in irrigated production systems. In addition to the rain fed cereal production, the several modes of land tenure permit them to speculate on profitable horticulture, such as vegetable crops (tomato and onion). Irrigated agriculture also provides breeders the privilege to access to post- harvest lands. Their presence in the Waalo land is also a means of ensuring their traditional land rights on these lands. Thus the practice of irrigated agriculture meets financial and property logic. While farming practice does not allow Fulani herders have access to land, irrigated agriculture appears as a strategy to move away from land capitalization. The joint practice of irrigated agriculture and livestock transhumance has encouraged the emergence of an agro-pastoral area around Podor made of: golf recession, post-crop lands, water points, transhumance pathways.... However, transhumance movements remain the central practice among Fulani herders of the middle valley and long displacement periods still possible
Ba, Abdoul Hameth. "Mises en relation et acteurs des recompositions territoriales sahéliennes : le cas du bassin du fleuve Sénégal." Paris 1, 1999. http://books.openedition.org/enseditions/896.
Full textThe law and order is a central factor in the good or the faulty operation of all the economies and all society. The analysis of the public order and disorder become these last years a subject which interest the economists more and more the disorder which threatens the law and order can take two different forms : a civil disorder (individual crime and organized crime) and a political disorder (political violence). The economic analysis shows that to take part in a criminal activity or a revolutionary movement is an act which rises from a rational computation and not an irrational act. In the same way, the operation of the criminal organizations is brought closer more and more with that to the large multinational firms rather than has that of the family groupings of the sicilian mafia. The behavior of the official authorities towards each one of these types of disorders shows that state represent not only supply side but also demand side of order
Marone, Diatta. "Évaluation de l’impact socio-économique des brise-vent dans le Delta et la moyenne Vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27463/27463.pdf.
Full textRoton, Armelle de. "Migrants et politiques de développement : Le cas des migrants originaires du Maghreb et des pays du bassin du fleuve Sénégal." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0004.
Full textPin-Diop, Raphaëlle. "Spatialisation du risque de transmission de Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift en milieu agropastoral sahélien du Sénégal septentrional." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090785.
Full textChevalier, Véronique. "Fièvre de la vallée du Rift et fièvre West Nile : risques sanitaires liés à l'exploitation des mares temporaires du Ferlo (Sénégal)." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T003.
Full textGueye, Doudou Dièye. "Migrants sahéliens : pacte migratoire et mobilisations communautaires." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS018S.
Full textThe migration of Soninkes and Toucouleurs' ethnics groups from the Senegal valley region is generally viewed as being under the control of the community benefit. And we try to understand the full the full details of this community control, we can notice a full system or a kind of a "migratory agreement that explains a sort of mutual investment between the migrants themselves and a their originated communities. The notion of mobilization considered an intense mental process to get emancipated from a probable fatal destiny, is put forward to explain this system. The migratory dynamics and migrants' strategies and their families to keep a real contact with people in villages are viewed from different generations' point of view and reveal that the innovations noticed in migration bring about an opposition between traditional hierarchies and new migrants' behaviours. And this rises the issue wether this "migratory system" will last for ever
Bouba, Fanta. "Système d'information décisionnel sur les interactions environnement-santé : cas de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift au Ferlo (Sénégal)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066461/document.
Full textOur research is in part of the QWeCI european project (Quantifying Weather and Climate Impacts on Health in Developing Countries, EU FP7) in partnership with UCAD, the CSE and the IPD, around the theme of environmental health with the practical case on vector-borne diseases in Senegal and particularly the Valley Fever (RVF). The health of human and animal populations is often strongly influenced by the environment. Moreover, research on spread factors of vector-borne diseases such as RVF, considers this issue in its dimension both physical and socio-economic. Appeared in 1912-1913 in Kenya, RVF is a widespread viral anthropo-zoonosis in tropical regions which concerns animals but men can also be affected. In Senegal, the risk area concerns mainly the Senegal River Valley and the forestry-pastoral areas Ferlo. With a Sahelian climate, the Ferlo has several ponds that are sources of water supply for humans and livestock but also breeding sites for potential vectors of RVF. The controlling of the RVF, which is crossroads of three (03) large systems (agro-ecological, pathogen, economic/health/social), necessarily entails consideration of several parameters if one wants to first understand the mechanisms emergence but also consider the work on risk modeling. Our work focuses on the decision making process for quantify the use of health data and environmental data in the impact assessment for the monitoring of RVF. Research teams involved produce data during their investigations periods and laboratory analyzes. The growing flood of data should be stored and prepared for correlated studies with new storage techniques such as datawarehouses. About the data analysis, it is not enough to rely only on conventional techniques such as statistics. Indeed, the contribution on the issue is moving towards a predictive analysis combining both aggregate storage techniques and processing tools. Thus, to discover information, it is necessary to move towards datamining. Furthermore, the evolution of the disease is strongly linked to environmental spatio-temporal dynamics of different actors (vectors, viruses, and hosts), cause for which we rely on spatio-temporal patterns to identify and measure interactions between environmental parameters and the actors involved. With the decision-making process, we have obtained many results :i. following the formalization of multidimensional modeling, we have built an integrated datawarehouse that includes all the objects that are involved in managing the health risk - this model can be generalized to others vector-borne diseases;ii. despite a very wide variety of mosquitoes, Culex neavei, Aedes ochraceus and Aedes vexans are potential vectors of FVR. They are most present in the study area and, during the rainy season period which is most prone to suspected cases; the risk period still remains the month of October;iii. the analyzed ponds have almost the same behavior, but significant variations exist in some points.This research shows once again the interest in the discovery of relationships between environmental data and the FVR with datamining methods for the spatio-temporal monitoring of the risk of emergence
Diouf, Edouard. "Ouvrages hydrauliques et modèle de gestion de l'eau dans le bassin du fleuve Casamance (Sénégal)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100108.
Full textLocated in the south of Senegal, the Casamance basin has a significant potential for rice production. Despite climatic constraints, the local people practice paddy cultivation in the valleys. However, the persistence of negative effects has resulted in the awareness of the need to protect the rice-growing areas against the advance of salt and to improve the use of rainfall available. It is in this context that a number of small dams were built in Casamance by various development actors.This dissertation assesses the hydro-agricultural planning policies in Casamance that were implemented during the last five decades. This appraisal is quite bleak: most of the rice production development programmes did fail in lowlands. This Ph.D. proposes a framework for analyzing the overall situation through a multi-dimensional study: a political dimension at the national and regional levels, a socio-cultural dimension based on the “local”, and a technical dimension referring to small dams. The synthesis of these three entry ways enables to propose intervention models better adapted to the local context and realities