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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Casting waxes

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Academic literature on the topic 'Casting waxes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Casting waxes"

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Mäsiar, H., L. Repka, P. Lipták, and O. Híreš. "Investigate the Possibility of Tekcast Methods Used for Casting Polymeric Resin Materials." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0049.

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Abstract Contribution gives an overview of knowledge about the method of centrifugal casting with orientate on Tekcast system. Company Tekcast Industries has developed a device for centrifugal casting, extending the area of production of castings or prototyping of metal or plastic. Materials suitable for the centrifugal casting with flexible operating parameters may include non-ferrous metal alloy based on zinc or aluminum or non-metallic materials such as polyester resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, waxes and the like. The casting process is particularly suitable for a wide range of commercial castings and decorative objects.

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Masato, Davide, Marco Sorgato, and Giovanni Lucchetta. "Prototyping and modeling of the centrifugal casting process for paraffin waxes." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 32, no. 16 (April 12, 2017): 1823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2017.1317791.

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Ozyegin, L. S., R. Tuncer, and E. Avci. "Hardness, Behavior and Metal Surface Evaluation of Recasting Non-Precious Dental Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 1425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.1425.

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Recasting of economic alloys can change several properties. The number of recasting was found to have negligible effect on surface texture and on the amount of corrosion products released. The methods and equipments utilized in the casting of an alloy are important on the quality of casting. Carbon incorporated in a noble or economic alloy during casting is known to affect the mechanical values of the metal. In the present study we aimed to investigate the change in structure and metal hardness due to recasting. Materials and method: The effect of recasting, up to four times of a non precious “Finalloy” commercial dental alloy on their Rocwell C hardness behavior and their microstructures was inspected. Using “Kerr casting waxes” patterns were prepared similar to the samples from “Finalloy”. The investments were pre-heated to phase at temperatures between 900°C and 1000°C. The alloy was melted by an acetylene-oxygen flame in a silicate crucible and four groups were compared: New alloy and alloys casted two, three, and four times (n = 7). After casting, Brinell harnesses were recorded. Values of Rocwell C strength, for each specimen group were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Student- Newman-Keuls multiple range test. A metal microscope was used to evaluate the surface morphology of the samples before hardness tests. 1st Casting :30.65 ± 0.3 kgf, 2nd Casting: 31.33 ± 0.4 kgf, 3rd Casting:34.80 ± 0.3 kgf, 4th Casting: 35.5 ± 28 kgf represents the Rocwell hardness of the castings. The results showed that hardness, increased with repeated castings. The experimental data indicates that increasing the number of successive recasting of “Finalloy” enhances the Rocwell C hardness, thus, after remelting and recasting, the biological properties decreases. Microscope study: Increase of the carbon content on the gren bounders of a cobalt-chromium alloy causes a considerable change in its microstructure. The hardness and yield point for 0.05 %, 0.1 % and 0.2 % tensile strength and elongation were determined for these test-pieces. The results showed that hardness, yield points and tensile strength increased with increased carbon content, whereas the elongation lessened. We determined that carbon concentrated at gren bounders. The clinical importance of the study is that recasting affected the properties of the metal, for best biological results with dental alloys always new metals must be used.

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Ito, Michio, Toshio Yamagishi, Yoshiki Oshida, and Carlos A. Munoz. "Effect of selected physical properties of waxes on investments and casting shrinkage." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 75, no. 2 (February 1996): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3913(96)90101-8.

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Wongpreedee, Kageeporn, Adiruj Peerawat, Bongkot Phichaikamjornwut, and Duangkhae Bootkul. "Lost Wax Casting Conditions with Tourmaline In Situ." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.595.

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The technique of stone-in-place casting has been established in jewelry production for three decades. However, the process is not widely used since it is limited to precious stones with high hardness and high stability at high temperature. This experiment tested tourmaline, which is a semi-precious gemstone having less hardness and less stability compared with precious stones. The objective was to achieve the conditions of a lost-wax casting process with tourmaline placed in waxes in the casting process. The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was to understand the tolerance of tourmaline under the heating conditions. Natural tourmaline stones were investigated and compared inclusions tested at a temperature of 700°C. Tourmaline with ion-implantation was also heated to 700°C for comparison. The second part was to test tourmaline in-place casting with tree conditions of flask casting at 550°C, 625°C, and 700°C. The results showed that stones were able to tolerate as much as at 700°C. The inclusion growth of ion-implantation under heating to 700°C also observed the growth of inclusion in the same way as untreated tourmaline. The casting condition at 550°C showed better results. The highest probability of stones breaking after casting occurred in bezel settings.

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Michalakis, Konstantinos X., Vassiliki Kapsampeli, Aikaterini Kitsou, Yvone Kirmanidou, Anna Fotiou, Argirios L. Pissiotis, Pasquale Lino Calvani, Hiroshi Hirayama, and Yukio Kudara. "Marginal adaptation of four inlay casting waxes on stone, titanium, and zirconia dies." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 112, no. 1 (July 2014): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.01.009.

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Tewo, Robert K., Hilary L. Rutto, Walter Focke, Tumisang Seodigeng, and Lawrence K. Koech. "Formulations, development and characterization techniques of investment casting patterns." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 35, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0068.

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Abstract Conventionally, unfilled wax has been used as a universal pattern material for the investment casting process. With increase in demand for accurate dimensions and complex shapes, various materials have been blended with wax to develop more suitable patterns for investment casting in order to overcome performance limitations exhibited by unfilled wax. The present article initially reviews various investigations on the development of investment casting patterns by exploring pattern materials, type of waxes and their limitations, the effect of filler materials and various additives on unfilled wax, wax blends for pattern materials, plastics and polymers for pattern materials and 3D-printed patterns. The superiority of filled and polymer patterns in terms of dimensional accuracy, pattern strength, surface and flow properties over unfilled wax is also discussed. The present use of 3D patterns following their versatility in the manufacturing sector to revolutionize the investment casting process is also emphasized. Various studies on wax characterization such as physical (surface and dimensions), thermal (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), mechanical (thermomechanical analysis, tensile stress testing, dynamic mechanical analysis) and rheological (viscosity and shearing properties) are also discussed.

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Żymankowska-Kumon, Sylwia, and Joana Kolczyk-Tylka. "Identification of Gas Products from Pyrolysis Process of Waxes Used in Lost-Wax Casting Technology." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 2, no. 3 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2018.2.3.53.

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Stirbescu, Nicolae Mihail, Rodica Mariana Ion, Adrian Radu, Sofia Teodorescu, Ioan Alin Bucurica, Raluca Maria Stirbescu, Maria Geba, and Ioana Daniela Dulama. "Complex Analytical Investigations of Old Wax - sealed Romanian Paper Documents." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 7 (August 15, 2018): 1608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.7.6380.

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Waxes as a component of seals, are recognized in our history as adhesives, for surface coating purposes, modeling or casting materials and also in conservation practice. The waxes with mineral, vegetable and animal origin should be connected to modern methods of analysis, due to their complex composition: long chain hydrocarbons, acids, alcohols, esters. They support many mechanical damages in library and archive collections: cracking, pieces lost by an excessive handling of documents. In this paper the compositional analyses of some wax seals belonging to some paper samples have been achieved by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) - for molecular structural information of wax materials, by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS) - for evidence of some compounds resulted from degraded wax seal, and by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) - for visualization of the damaging effect on the wax seal. All these analytical investigations have been achieved for wax seals detached from the paper samples recovered from two disaffected pulp and paper factories - Letea and Busteni (Romania) belonging to Romanian industrial patrimony.

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Sandhu, Er Charanjeet singh. "Investigation Of Optimize Wax Pattern In The Investment Casting By Using The Different Form Of Waxes." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 3, no. 4 (2012): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-0340106.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Casting waxes"

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Torres, Jesus Cirre. "Thermo physical properties of investment casting waxes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410856.

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Šmatelka, Jakub. "Optimalizace technologie voskových modelů ve firmě Alucast." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231529.

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This diploma thesis deals with the problem of wax patterns manufacturing in investment casting technology (lost wax process). This technology is very sensitive to the exact execution in each phase of the whole process, from concept design up to the final casting expedition. During most operations, dimensional changes occur, which is affecting the accuracy of the final casting. No matter how big these changes are, but especially if they occur with the least variance. One of the first phases in this technology is making wax patterns. There are several ways of making the wax patterns and this thesis is describing two different methods used in the Alucast foundry. One is based on using “soft waxes” enabling using low pressure machines, the other one on the “hard waxes” where the injection machine with higher presses is being used (SOM). These two above mentioned technologies are compared in this work.

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Šmíd, Dušan. "Optimalizace technologie vybraných náročných odlitků ze slitin Al." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228725.

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The main target of this thesis is to choose the suitable hard filled wax for the invest-ment casting foundry Fimes a.s. There are several suppliers of these waxes in the World and in this work waxes of the most reputable suppliers from Europe have been investigated. During these tests there were mainly technological properties of the waxes and also dimensions of both wax patterns and also the final castings measu-red. Suitability of the tested waxes, their technological characteristics, analysis of di-mensions and finally basic economical calculations have been then used in this the-sis as a tool for the recommendation for the most suitable wax for the Fimes foundry.

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Gungor, Ergin. "Investigation Of Parameters Affecting The Drying Rate Of Sanitary Wares." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606649/index.pdf.

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The influence of drying parameters namely residence time before drying, drying temperature, drying time, relative humidity, and slip recipe on the drying rate of slip cast sanitary wares, predominantly lavatories and toilet closets, was studied. The drying temperatures were changed from 80 oC to 110 oC with an increment of 10 oC. The drying time was changed from 10 to 7 h with a decrease of 1 hour. Relative humidity of the environment was changed from 60 to 75 %. The percent weight loss, percent residual moisture and the percent shrinkage of the samples were determined by weighing and measuring the samples before and after the tests. The percent weight loss was within the range of 6.5 to 6.6 % after holding the as cast samples for 6 hours at ambient casting shop conditions while it was within the range of 17.96 to 18.10 % when subsequently dried for 10 hours at 110 oC in the dryer. The percent shrinkage was within the range of 2.9 - 3.0 % after holding the as cast samples 6 h at ambient laboratory conditions. No shrinkage was observed in the sample when it was subsequently dried for 10 hours at 110 oC in the dryer. Optimum moisture content of dried wares was obtained after drying for 8 hours at 100 oC in the dryer. It has been seen that the relative humidity of the dryer at the beginning of the drying should be lower than 75 %. As the non-plastic content in the recipe of the sanitary ware slip increased, drying shrinkage and residual moisture content decreased. The results of this study showed that through increasing the residence time up to 6h with a casting shop environment of approximately 30 oC and 60 % relative humidity, the drying time could be safely reduced from 10 h to 8 h with a drying temperature of 100 oC for the test plates. The same approach can be used for more complex shapes, e.g., WC closets, basins, tanks etc. in EczacibaSi Vitra plant. Once the drying time was reduced, the amount of natural gas per ware would be reduced to a certain extent. Aside from that the reduction in the drying time would increase the quantity of the drying cycles per week so that more wares could be dried. When all these observations were taken into account, this thesis study could also be utilized by other sanitary ware producing companies whose processes require slip cast drying.

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Books on the topic "Casting waxes"

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E, Roberts F. Effect of processing parameters on surface finish for fused deposition machinable wax patterns [microform]. MSFC, Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1995.

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Roberts, F. E. Effect of processing parameters on surface finish for fused deposition machinable wax patterns [microform]. MSFC, Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1995.

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Society, American Foundrymen's, and Cast Metals Institute, eds. Investment casting waxes. Des Plaines, Ill: American Foundrymen's Society, 1988.

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Society, American Foundrymen's, ed. Investment casting waxes: A complete and detailed compilation of papers, case histories, and discussions presented at the AFS/CMI symposium Investment casting waxes. Des Plaines, Illinois: American Foundrymen's Society, 1988.

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Society, American Foundrymen's, ed. Wax binder and slurry test handbook. Des Plaines, IL: American Foundrymen's Society, 1988.

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6

Bromley, Daniel W. Possessive Individualism. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062842.001.0001.

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The emergence of authoritarian governments in much of Europe, the British vote to leave the European Union, and widespread political anger in the United States suggest that anxiety and uncertainty now threaten to undermine stable democracies. Decades of stagnant household incomes and growing inequality are casting doubt on the benefits of capitalism. Meanwhile, millions of desperate migrants streaming north out of Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa further jeopardize political stability in the wealthy metropole. We have here an explanation for why the world finds itself in widespread dysfunction. First, there is a dominant culture of possessive individualism. This attitude has fostered political opposition to taxes, to higher wages for vast numbers of workers, and to various programs that would ease the economic burden on beleaguered households. Meanwhile, a culture of managerial capitalism suppresses wages and salaries, embraces automation, and moves jobs overseas. Voters have taken the measure of contemporary capitalism and are unimpressed. Many of the disillusioned have turned to authoritarian braggarts to rescue them from their misery. Xenophobia stalks the land. Escape from this crisis requires that the isolated acquisitive individual rediscover a sense of loyalty to others—as neighbors, as colleagues, and as participants in a shared social process of living rather than merely consuming. Escape also requires that the private firm be reimagined as a public trust in which the economic well-being of employees becomes a central part of its purpose. In the absence of these dual transformations, capitalism as we know it cannot endure.

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Verschuur, Gerrit L. Impact! Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195101058.001.0001.

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Most scientists now agree that some sixty-five million years ago, an immense comet slammed into the Yucatan, detonating a blast twenty million times more powerful than the largest hydrogen bomb, punching a hole ten miles deep in the earth. Trillions of tons of rock were vaporized and launched into the atmosphere. For a thousand miles in all directions, vegetation burst into flames. There were tremendous blast waves, searing winds, showers of molten matter from the sky, earthquakes, and a terrible darkness that cut out sunlight for a year, enveloping the planet in freezing cold. Thousands of species of plants and animals were obliterated, including the dinosaurs, some of which may have become extinct in a matter of hours. In Impact, Gerrit L. Verschuur offers an eye-opening look at such catastrophic collisions with our planet. Perhaps more important, he paints an unsettling portrait of the possibility of new collisions with earth, exploring potential threats to our planet and describing what scientists are doing right now to prepare for this awful possibility. Every day something from space hits our planet, Verschuur reveals. In fact, about 10,000 tons of space debris fall to earth every year, mostly in meteoric form. The author recounts spectacular recent sightings, such as over Allende, Mexico, in 1969, when a fireball showered the region with four tons of fragments, and the twenty-six pound meteor that went through the trunk of a red Chevy Malibu in Peekskill, New York, in 1992 (the meteor was subsequently sold for $69,000 and the car itself fetched $10,000). But meteors are not the greatest threat to life on earth, the author points out. The major threats are asteroids and comets. The reader discovers that astronomers have located some 350 NEAs ("Near Earth Asteroids"), objects whose orbits cross the orbit of the earth, the largest of which are 1627 Ivar (6 kilometers wide) and 1580 Betula (8 kilometers). Indeed, we learn that in 1989, a bus-sized asteroid called Asclepius missed our planet by 650,000 kilometers (a mere six hours), and that in 1994 a sixty-foot object passed within 180,000 kilometers, half the distance to the moon. Comets, of course, are even more deadly. Verschuur provides a gripping description of the small comet that exploded in the atmosphere above the Tunguska River valley in Siberia, in 1908, in a blinding flash visible for several thousand miles (every tree within sixty miles of ground zero was flattened). He discusses Comet Swift-Tuttle--"the most dangerous object in the solar system"--a comet far larger than the one that killed off the dinosaurs, due to pass through earth's orbit in the year 2126. And he recounts the collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter in 1994, as some twenty cometary fragments struck the giant planet over the course of several days, casting titanic plumes out into space (when Fragment G hit, it outshone the planet on the infrared band, and left a dark area at the impact site larger than the Great Red Spot). In addition, the author describes the efforts of Spacewatch and other groups to locate NEAs, and evaluates the idea that comet and asteroid impacts have been an underrated factor in the evolution of life on earth. Astronomer Herbert Howe observed in 1897: "While there are not definite data to reason from, it is believed that an encounter with the nucleus of one of the largest comets is not to be desired." As Verschuur shows in Impact, we now have substantial data with which to support Howe's tongue-in-cheek remark. Whether discussing monumental tsunamis or the innumerable comets in the Solar System, this book will enthrall anyone curious about outer space, remarkable natural phenomenon, or the future of the planet earth.

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Book chapters on the topic "Casting waxes"

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Medhi, Biswajit, Abhishek Khatta, G. M. Hegde, K. P. J. Reddy, D. Roy, and R. M. Vasu. "Improved Flow Visualization for Fast Recovery of Flow Gradients in Shadow-Casting Technique." In 30th International Symposium on Shock Waves 2, 1473–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44866-4_119.

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Kubelkova, Irena, Ales Herman, and Ondrej Vratny. "Determination of the Simulation Parameters of the Waxes used in Investment Casting." In Proceedings of the 29th International DAAAM Symposium 2018, 1222–30. DAAAM International Vienna, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2507/29th.daaam.proceedings.177.

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Muthukumaraswamy, Suresh. "Brain waves." In Casting Light on the Dark Side of Brain Imaging, 43–47. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816179-1.00006-2.

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Hearst, Kate. "Gender Agency: Harlan County, USA, Shut Up & Sing!, and This is Everything: Gigi Gorgeous." In ReFocus: The Films of Barbara Kopple, 69–89. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439947.003.0005.

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This chapter examines three documentaries, Harlan County USA (1976), Shut Up and Sing! (2006), and This Is Everything: Gigi Gorgeous (2017), in which individuals consciously subvert traditional gender roles as they battle contexts of discrimination and forces of oppression in the United States and globally. The chapter explores how these documentaries trace coal miners’ wives, female musicians, and a youthful YouTube transgender personality, as they become extraordinary in their fights for living wages, civil rights, justice and equality. It reflects on potential connections between Kopple’s personal story as a woman documentary filmmaker, persevering in making films in a predominantly male-driven industry, and casting an empathetic eye on her subjects as they resiliently perform gender in unexpected and empowering ways.

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Laroche, F., R. T. Bui, R. Boivin, and V. Potočnik. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE BATH - METAL INTERFACE WAVES IN AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reduction and Casting of Aluminum, 169–87. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-036093-5.50026-1.

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Rolseth, Sverre, Asbjørn Solheim, and Jomar Thonstad. "GAS INDUCED WAVES AT THE BATH - METAL INTERFACE IN HALL-HEROULT CELLS." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reduction and Casting of Aluminum, 229–40. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-036093-5.50030-3.

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"Defining Modernity in Japanese Sculpture: Two Waves of Italian Impact on Casting Techniques." In Finding Lost Wax, 142–70. BRILL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004439931_009.

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Madhu, B. J., Mohammed Irfan, A. Manjunath, N. P. Divya, S. S. Mahesh, and B. Shruthi. "Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Optical, Dielectric and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance of Polystyrene Films." In Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials, 1080–92. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch044.

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In the present work, Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are synthesized using solvothermal technique. Polystyrene-ZnO (PS/ZnO) nanocomposite films are synthesized by solution casting procedure. PS/ZnO films are analyzed by XRD, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The addition of ZnO into the PS film is found to decrease the optical band gap (OBG) from 4.07 eV to 1.86 eV. Frequency dependence of dielectric constant (ε′), loss tangent (tanδ), ac conductivity (σac) and electromagnetic (EM) interference shielding effectiveness (SE) studies have been undertaken on the pure PS and PS/ZnO films. Insertion of ZnO into pure PS polymer matrix is found to enhance ε′, tanδ, σac, and SE considerably. The ε′ and tanδ were reduced with an enhancement in the frequency. σac of PS/ZnO nanocomposites was enhanced with rise in frequency and electrical conduction process in PS/ZnO film is in agreement with an electron-hopping model. EM interference SE is reduced with rise in the frequency. PS/ZnO films were proven as a favorable functional substance for the absorbing of EM waves at lower frequencies.

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Dickson, Melissa. "Magic and Machines at the Great Exhibition." In Cultural Encounters with the Arabian Nights in Nineteenth-Century Britain, 141–73. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474443647.003.0005.

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Chapter 4 turns to the accumulation of goods at the Great Exhibition of 1851, which was frequently understood as another theatrical manifestation of the Arabian Nights, within the ‘fairy-tale’ Crystal Palace in the heart of Britain. A new and innovative architectural form, the palace and its contents challenged the viewer’s vision, judgement, and sense of scale to such an extent that recourse was made to the language of magic in an effort to represent its unfamiliar effects. The palace and the objects it contained had apparently materialised like the stuff of dreams. Within this transformative space, the magnificence of Britain’s industrial resources became truly apparent only by way of comparison, by the jostling together of old and new, of fictional and material, and of machinery and magic. Here, an anxious meta-narrative emerged about the nature of modern production and consumption. Casting those products originating from India, China and elsewhere within a framework of magic and the Arabian Nights was, this chapter argues, a part of the rhetoric of British modernity, which made the comparison between nations and their wares more palatable by insisting that supposedly ‘inferior’ nations had employed the agency of magic. Such a narrative generated wonder both for the beautiful, often hand-crafted productions that had supposedly been wrought by magic, and of the advancements of British civilisation, which had apparently gained, through science, all the powers of Aladdin’s lamp.

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Conference papers on the topic "Casting waxes"

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Stebbins, Ryan, Philip King, and Guha Manogharan. "A Computational Study on Novel Runner Extension Designs via 3D Sand-Printing to Improve Casting Performance." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63823.

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Abstract 3D sand-printing (3DSP) has become more popular in foundry applications due to its ability to create complex gating geometries. Since filling related defects, like entrained air and bi-films, are most commonly caused by high melt velocity and turbulence, recent 3DSP research has focused on designing gating systems to reduce melt velocity and turbulence. However, there have been no reported efforts on advancements in the design of runner extensions as a method to improve casting quality, despite its tremendous impact on the initial metal flow characteristics. The ability to fabricate 3DSP molds allow for unique runner extension designs that aid in improving casting quality. This paper is the first study known to the authors that investigates novel 3D runner extension designs to determine the most effective design for reducing sand casting defects. Based on literature review and design principles developed for 3D sprue geometries, six different runner extensions were studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling for foundry pouring conditions. The designs were evaluated on their ability to reduce defects like entrained air and bubbles, as well as to prevent backflow and reflected waves. An unweighted ranking matrix and comparison matrix against the control (straight runner extension) has been established based on air entrainment, tracer, voids, and extension volume. The results showed that the by-pass principal and surge control systems are effective at reducing reflective waves and controlling the ingate flow. The novel 3D duckbill trap extension proposed in this study had the best overall performance based on a 16% reduction in entrained air and a 71% reduction in void particles in the casting volume compared to the control extension design. These results provide a framework to further optimize runner extensions, utilize the advantages of 3D Sand-Printing technology to improve mechanical strength and reduce filling defects in sand-casting.

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Tittmann, Bernhard R. "Characterization of Moon Rock Media With Elastic Waves." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1858.

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Elastic wave propagation in porous media will be introduced by a discussion of scattering to show the use of broad frequency band pulses in relating the attenuation, velocity and backscattering to information on porosity. Examples will be given for microporosity in castings and powder metal components. This will be followed by a discussion of the influence of volatiles within the pores on the absorption of elastic waves in porous ceramics and rocks. Implications of these findings will be given for ultrasonic device applications and for the interpretation of the lunar seismic experiments carried out as part of the Apollo missions to the moon.

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Go´mez, Pablo, Julio Herna´ndez, Joaqui´n Lo´pez, and Fe´lix Faura. "Numerical Simulation of Breaking Waves Using a Level Set Method." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31136.

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A numerical study of the initial stages of wave breaking processes in shallow water is presented. The waves considered are assumed to be generated by moving a piston in a two-dimensional channel, and may appear, for example, in the injection chamber of a high-pressure die casting machine under operating conditions far from the optimal. A numerical model based on a finite-difference discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations in a Cartesian grid and a second-order approximate projection method has been developed and used to carry out the simulations. The evolution of the free surface is described using a level set method, with a reinitialization procedure of the level set function which uses a local grid refinement near the free surface. The ability of different algorithms to improve mass conservation in the reinitialization step of the level set function has been tested in a time-reversed single vortex flow. The results for the breaking wave profiles show the flow characteristics after the impact of the first plunging jet onto the wave’s forward face and during the subsequent splash-up.

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Bangaru, Mohan, Thirumal Azhagan Murugan, and Rajadurai Arunachalam. "Development of Metal Matrix Nanocomposites of AA6061 – SiCp Using Ultrasonic Cavitations in Squeeze Casting Process." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53151.

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In the recent days, aerospace, automotive and defense sectors have been the main driving force behind the search of lighter and stronger materials in order to use in the production of vehicles. The growing demand for the production of light weight structural components and systems is fulfilled by the development of innovative metallic materials such as composites and alloys particularly based on aluminium because of their desirable properties such as low density, good castability, excellent strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Widely employed processes such as gravity and pressure die casting are used for processing aluminium alloys but the components exhibit several casting defects such as porosity, cracks, segregation and hot tears etc. This drives the industries to develop new processes which produce defect free components in shorter time as they have been under competitive pressure. Of the many such processes, squeeze casting has good capacity to produce less defective components. Squeeze casting is the process in which the molten metal solidifies under the application of pressure. The development of Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs) through squeeze casting has been one of the major areas of research in recent times. Research works on AMCs reinforced with micrometric particles have shown that the ability to strengthen the matrix alloy by them is lesser than nanometric particles. Metal matrices reinforced with nanoparticles are characterized by significant improvement in strength and wear resistance, improved ductility and improved dimensional stability at elevated temperatures. But, nanosized ceramic particles constitute problems during fabrication as it is extremely difficult to obtain uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in liquid metals owing to their high viscosity, poor wettability in the metal matrix, and a large surface-to-volume ratio. These problems induce agglomeration and clustering of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be dispersed uniformly in the metal matrix by means of employing ultrasonic cavitations. Ultrasonic cavitations include the formation, growth and collapse of micro-bubbles in liquids, under cyclic high intensity ultrasonic waves. The cavitation bubbles collapse and generate a huge amount of energy, which could be used in dispersion of the nanoparticles more uniformly in the melt. In this study, squeeze casting is combined with ultrasonic cavitations to develop Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (MMNCs) of AA6061 – SiCp as a maiden attempt. The impact of varying volume percentage of SiCp nanoparticles (average size of 45 nm – 65 nm) by ultrasonic cavitations on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and hardness exhibited by MMNCs were analyzed. In this research, volume percentage of SiCp nanoparticles was varied at 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2% respectively by employing ultrasonic vibrations at the amplitude of 70 μm to the melt of AA6061. The melt of AA6061-SiCp was poured into the pre heated die cavity and squeeze pressure of 105 Mpa was applied over it for a certain period while developing MMNCs. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed the uniform distribution of SiCp nanoparticles in AA6061 matrix. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) in SEM confirmed the incorporation of SiCp in AA6061 matrix. The obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of ultrasonic cavitations in squeeze casting process to disperse the nanoparticles of SiCp uniformly in AA6061 matrix. The mechanical properties of MMNCs such as ultimate tensile strength and hardness exhibited an increasing trend with respect to the increase in volume percentage of SiCp nanoparticles. Thus there prevails a great scope to develop MMNCs of aluminium using ultrasonic cavitations in squeeze casting process.

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Liao, Wen-I., and Wen-Yu Jean. "Structural Health Monitoring for Local Damages of RC Walls Using Piezoceramic-Based Sensors Under Seismic Loading." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65447.

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Structural health monitoring of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under seismic loads have recently attracted dramatic attention in the earthquake engineering research community. In this study, reversed cyclic loading test of structural health monitoring of RC shear walls using piezoceramic (PZT)-based sensors are presented. The piezoceramic-based sensors called “smart aggregate (SA)”, was pre-embedded before casting of concrete and adopted for the structural health monitoring of the RC shear wall under seismic loading. Two RC walls were adopted in this test, one is the wall having damages in the boundary columns and foundation of the specimen, and the other is the wall having damages in the upper part of the wall panel. During the test, SAs embedded in the foundation were used as actuators to generate propagating waves, and the other selected SAs were used to detect the waves. By analyzing the wave response, the existence and locations of cracks and damages can be detected and the severity can be estimated. The experimental results demonstrate the sensitiveness and the effectiveness of the piezoceramic-based approach in the structural health monitoring and the identification of damage locations of shear governed concrete structures under seismic loading.

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Shanmuga Sundaram, Karibeeran, Gurusami Kiliyappan, and Senthil Kumaran Selvadurai. "The Influence of Laser Irradiation Parameters on Tribological Behaviour of Commercially Pure Titanium for Dental Prostheses." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66524.

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Laser shock peening (LSP) is one of the innovative technique that produces a compressive residual stress on the surface of metallic materials, thereby significantly increasing its fatigue life in applications where failure is caused by surface-initiated cracks. The specimens were treated with laser shock waves with different processing parameters, and characterization studies were made on treated specimens. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of Nd:YAG laser on commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) used in prosthetic dental restorations. The treatment influenced change in microstructure, micro hardness, surface roughness, and wear resistance characteristics. Though CP-Ti is considered as an excellent material for dental applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, it is not suitable when high mastication forces are applied. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser surface treatment technique was adopted to improve the wear resistance of CP-Ti. The wear test pin specimens of CP-Ti were investment cast with centrifugal titanium casting machine. The wear properties of specimens were evaluated after LSP on a “pin-on-disc” wear testing tribometer, as per ASTM G99-05 standards. The results of the wear experiment showed that the treated laser surface has higher wear resistance, micro hardness, and surface roughness compared to as-cast samples. The improvement of wear resistance may be attributed due to grain refinement imparted by LSP processes. The microstructure, wear surfaces, wear debris, and morphology of the specimen were analyzed by using optical electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The data were compared using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. The characteristic change resulted in increase in wear resistance and decrease in wear rate. Hence, it is evident that the more reliable and removable partial denture metal frameworks for dental prostheses may find its applications.

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Young, Andrew C., Steve Hettick, Habib J. Dagher, Anthony M. Viselli, and Andrew J. Goupee. "VolturnUS 1:8-Scale FRP Floating Wind Turbine Tower: Analysis, Design, Testing and Performance." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23454.

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In May of 2013 the VolturnUS 1:8 floating semi-submersible wind turbine was successfully deployed off the coast of Castine, Maine, making the unit the first grid connected offshore turbine in the United States. The VolturnUS 1:8 structure features a 20 kW turbine, a post-tensioned and reinforced concrete semi-submersible base and a fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) tower (E-glass and polyester resin). The VolturnUS 1:8 structure is a geometrically 1:8-scale of a 6 MW floating turbine design and is used to demonstrate the feasibility of both the concrete base and FRP tower and validate the performance of the structure in a scaled environment. Data collected from the deployed 1:8-scale structure will be used for modeling and simulating the behavior of the system at full-scale. The effort was led by the University of Maine’s Advanced Structures and Composites Center (UMaine) and a consortium of industry partners, including FRP manufacturer Ershigs, Inc. An overview of the process and methodology used in the analysis, design and testing of the 1:8 scale FRP floating wind turbine tower is presented. The use of an FRP tower on a floating wind turbine platform offers the benefits of reduced tower mass and maintenance requirements and has the potential to further reduce hull mass by lowering the global center of gravity of the structure. An FRP tower for use on the UMaine semi-submersible concrete VolturnUS 1:8 platform was developed that meets all strength and serviceability criteria and is robust enough to withstand the loading from both wind and waves. An overview of the tower loads analysis and FAST modeling, tower structural design, structural proof testing and preliminary analysis of performance are presented. The VolturnUS 1:8 wind turbine tower is the first time FRP materials have been used in an offshore wind tower application. Further, the methodologies and procedures that were developed in the design of the pilot-scale tower are directly applicable to the design and analysis of composite wind turbine towers at the full-scale level. These “lessons learned” are already in use as Ershigs and UMaine work to design a full-scale composite tower over 80 meters tall for use on the VolturnUS platform with a 6MW wind turbine. The results of the 1:8-scale program demonstrate the successful use of an FRP wind turbine tower on a floating platform and highlights the potential for the use of an FRP tower at the full-scale (6 MW) level.

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