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Journal articles on the topic 'Castrati'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Gigolayeva-Yurchenko, Viktoriya. "Castrati and countertenors: vocal and physiological specificity of performance." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 65, no. 65 (2022): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-65.04.

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Statement of the problem. Today, the vocal music of the Baroque era is in great demand among performers all over the world аnd in Ukraine too. This is a new trend in performance practice, since ancient works of the classical period are the basis of the vocal training repertoire Leading experts in various professional fields (medicine, archeology, history) have many positive research results. The author of the article uses new facts related to the effect of castration on the performer’s body. Today, the art of castrati remains understudied. This is an original phenomenon in the history of singi

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2

Moran, Neil. "Byzantine castrati." Plainsong and Medieval Music 11, no. 2 (2002): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137102002073.

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The employment of castrati in the Byzantine Church can be traced back to the choirmaster Brison in the fourth century. Brison was called upon by John Chrysostom to organize the antiphonal hymn-singing in the patriarchal church. Since eunuchs were generally considered to be remnants of a pagan past, castrati are seldom mentioned in early Byzantine sources, but beginning in the tenth century references to eunuchs or castrati became more and more frequent. By the twelfth century all the professional singers in the Hagia Sophia were castrati. The repertory of the castrati is discussed and the ques

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3

Freitas, Roger Freitas. "The Eroticism of Emasculation: Confronting the Baroque Body of the Castrato." Journal of Musicology 20, no. 2 (2003): 196–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2003.20.2.196.

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This study suggests that, against the background of early modern views of sexuality, the castrato appears not as the asexual creature sometimes implied today, but as a super-natural manifestation of a widely-held erotic ideal. Recent work in the history of sexuality has shown the prevalence in the early modern period of the "one-sex" model, in which the distinction between male and female is quantitative (with respect to "vital heat") rather than qualitative. This model provides for a large middle ground, encompassing prepubescent children, castrati, and other unusual figures. And that middle

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4

Gladfelder, Hal. "The Decay of Singing: Remembering the Castrato." Modern Language Quarterly 83, no. 3 (2022): 275–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-9790990.

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Abstract The advent of a new political regime in Italy in the 1790s led to decrees banning castrati from the stage and the closure of the singing academies where they taught. But seventy years later the composer Gioacchino Rossini looked back to the castrati as the last adepts of the art of bel canto: “As to the castrati, they vanished, and the usage disappeared in the creation of new customs. That was the cause of the irretrievable decay of the art of singing.” This essay focuses on the eighteenth-century castrato Gasparo Pacchierotti—friend of Charles, Frances, and Susan Burney, idol of Will

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Crowe, Robert. "“He was unable to set aside the effeminate, and so was forgotten”: Masculinity, Its Fears, and the Uses of Falsetto in the Early Nineteenth Century." 19th-Century Music 43, no. 1 (2019): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2019.43.1.17.

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The male falsetto enjoyed a brief period of acceptance, even adulation, as it was wielded by tenors such as John Braham and Giovanni Rubini in the first four decades of the nineteenth century. At the same time, the last castrati to tread the stage were winding down their careers, while in Germany and Austria female impersonators such as Karl Blumenfeld, who possessed highly cultivated falsetto voices, were achieving a kind of fame of their own. These three kinds of falsetto—the castrato voice was heard at this time as having the same two registers standard for all voices, falsetto and chest vo

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6

Zharkova, Vasilisa Alekseevna. "Castrati singers as a musical and sociocultural phenomenon. Exhumation of Farinelli." Uchenyy Sovet (Academic Council), no. 11 (October 31, 2024): 671–85. https://doi.org/10.33920/nik-02-2411-02.

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The article is devoted to a rare topic – the art of castrati singers, a vibrant musical and social phenomenon. This issue remained in the shadows for a long time. However, if we judge the skill of castrati singers by what their contemporaries described, today's most excellent vocal performers only barely come close to castrati’s extraordinary capabilities. It is natural that the best of the best castrati singers, the true stars of the stage, were called Great then. And we must have maximum information about everything connected with them. But why Farinelli? Notably, there are people who specia

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7

Peritz, Jessica Gabriel. "The Castrato Remains—or, Galvanizing the Corpse of Musical Style." Journal of Musicology 39, no. 3 (2022): 371–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2022.39.3.371.

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This article considers the spectral afterlives of castrati in nineteenth-century music historiography, reading them as transhistorical mediators between the “stuff” of archives and embodied musical experience. The article first sketches out the germane late eighteenth-century notions of feeling, art history, and aesthetics—from the empirical potential of sensibility to J. J. Winckelmann's systematization of classical art—that invited people to imagine certain bodies as capable of sensing history and, in turn, of rendering history “sense-able” through artistic style. Bringing these historical t

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8

Aspden, Suzanne. "‘An infinity of factions’: Opera in eighteenth-century Britain and the undoing of society." Cambridge Opera Journal 9, no. 1 (1997): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586700005139.

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It seems fair to say that we are enmeshed in an Age of Reconstruction. Whatever groans the shibboleth of ‘authenticity’ may elicit from musicians and musicologists, the film industry's leap for the bandwagon is proof of the principle that Period Pieces Pay. Of the recent spate of feature films set in the eighteenth century, one in particular has marketed itself through its reconstructive credentials. The technologies that allow us to remodel our bodies, and revive old recordings on compact disc, also allowed the makers of Farinelli, Il Castrato to reach back and breathe new life into the voice

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9

Hatzinger, Martin, Dominick Vöge, Matthias Stastny, Friedrich Moll, and Michael Sohn. "Castrati Singers—All for Fame." Journal of Sexual Medicine 9, no. 9 (2012): 2233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02844.x.

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10

Noble, Yvonne. "Castrati, Balzac, and BartheS/Z." Comparative Drama 31, no. 1 (1997): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cdr.1997.0003.

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11

Goodich, Michael, Piotr O. Scholz, John A. Broadwin, and Shelley L. Frisch. "Eunuchs and Castrati: A Cultural History." American Historical Review 106, no. 5 (2001): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2692752.

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12

Toni, Roberto. "Cellule da castrazione, castrati e gonadotropinoma." L'Endocrinologo 15, no. 1 (2014): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40619-014-0016-y.

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13

Bucciarelli, Melania. "Senesino’s Negotiations with the Royal Academy of Music: Further Insight into the Riva–Bernardi Correspondence and the Role of Singers in the Practice of Eighteenth-Century Opera." Cambridge Opera Journal 27, no. 3 (2015): 189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586715000087.

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AbstractThis article examines the protracted negotiations between the castrato Francesco Bernardi, known as ‘Senesino’, and the Royal Academy of Music, documented in five letters sent by the singer to diplomat Giuseppe Riva between 1717 and 1720. They reveal a tight network of singers, patrons and agents, and highlight how Senesino negotiated not only for a role of primo uomo in the cast, but also for a role of artistic influence in London. This episode in Senesino’s career together with examples of ‘unofficial’ directorial practice and ‘hidden’ artistic influence of singers such as Nicola Gri

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14

Olaifa, Abayomi Kayode. "Comparison in haematological and biochemical changes in normal, acute and chronically castrated West African Dwarf goats." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 5 (2018): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20181748.

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Background: Castration is one of the frequent management practices in large animal husbandry and burdizzo castration has been shown to produce fewer long-term behavioral signs of pain and distress than banding. Castration is known to reduce virility and aggression due to the elimination of testicular androgens.Methods: This is a comparative study of hematological and biochemical parameters in intact, acute and chronically castrated West African dwarf goats. Twelve adult West African Dwarf bucks weighing between 8 to 14 kg randomly divided into 3 groups of intact, acute and chronic castrated. T

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15

Ting, S. T. L., B. Earley, I. Veissier, S. Gupta, and M. A. Crowe. "Effects of age of Holstein-Friesian calves on plasma cortisol, acute-phase proteins, immunological function, scrotal measurements and growth in response to Burdizzo castration." Animal Science 80, no. 3 (2005): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc42150377.

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AbstractTo determine the effect of age at castration on physiological and immunological stress indices, 60 Holstein-Friesian bull calves were sourced so that they were in one of five age groups for Burdizzo castration on day 0 (16 July 2002; no. = 10 per treatment) : 1·5, 2·5, 3·5, 4·5, and 5·5 months of age (mean body weight ± s.e. = 63 ± 2·5, 89 ± 3·7, 104 ± 3·7, 142 ± 3·6, 169 ± 8·1 kg, respectively), or were sham castrated at 5·5 months of age (171 ± 2·9 kg body weight) to serve as intact controls specific to this age group. Blood samples were collected at 15- to 30-min intervals from 2 h

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16

PESCHEL, ENID RHODES, and RICHARD E. PESCHEL. "Medicine and Music The Castrati in Opera." Opera Quarterly 4, no. 4 (1986): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oq/4.4.21.

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17

Johnson, Thomas W. "Castrati Singers—All for Fame: A Commentary." Journal of Sexual Medicine 10, no. 2 (2013): 618–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02940.x.

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18

Brooks, Pam. "Eunuchs and Castrati: A Cultural History (review)." Journal of World History 14, no. 2 (2003): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2003.0016.

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19

Nacchia, Antonio, Riccardo Lombardo, Andrea Tubaro, and Cosmino De Nunzio. "From Terror to Treatment: a History of Human Castration." International Journal of Urologic History 2, no. 2 (2023): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53101/ijuh.2.2.01052306.

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Objectives Castration is any action, surgical or chemical, by which an individual loses use of the gonads, most commonly referring to loss of the testicles. Reference to elective castration has been, according to Diodorus, as old as the human record itself, first being practiced in pharaonic Egypt. Castration has been practiced as a means to produce eunuchs, a punitive measure in military and secular courts, and a source of trophy-taking in warfare. The role of castration in the control of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer became a well recognized standard of care in the mid-20th century

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20

Pacheco, Alberto, and Adriana Giarola Kayama. "Os ideais de entoação no século XVIII e suas conseqüências na prática interpretativa." Per Musi, no. 08 (July 1, 2003): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.35699/2317-6377.2003.55786.

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In this article we intend to identify the ideals of intonation in the eighteenth century, when the Italian castrati dominated vocal practice and pedagogy. We will note that these ideals interfered in musical performance practice, in particular, when dealing with the performance of appoggiaturas, portamentos and musical ornamentations which involved sound “frequency fluctuations”.

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21

COHEN, R. D. H., B. D. KING, L. R. THOMAS, and E. D. JANZEN. "EFFICACY AND STRESS OF CHEMICAL VERSUS SURGICAL CASTRATION OF CATTLE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 4 (1990): 1063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-129.

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Blood was collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h postcastration and then daily for a further 6 d to determine the degree of stress following surgical or chemical castration (Chem-cast; α-hydroxypropionic acid) of Holstein calves. Stress indicators (plasma cortisol, packed cell volume, glucose, proteins, free fatty acids, creatinine, urea nitrogen and rectal temperature) were measured for all castrates and compared with entire bull calves. There were no effects on stress indicators except plasma cortisol. Plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly elevated at 3 and 6 h postcastration

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22

Botteghi, Egon. "Vozes alienígenas: Viagem de um homem trans do século XX na estética dos cantores emasculados (castrati)." Revista Periódicus 1, no. 12 (2020): 515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/peri.v1i12.33229.

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Por vontade de Sisto V, no final do século XVI, as mulheres foram proibidas de se apresentarem nas peças teatrais e, em Territórios Eclesiásticos, de cantar durante as funções litúrgicas. Por quase três séculos, a cena do “belcanto” italiano foi dominada pelos cantores castrati, homens cisgêneros que foram castrados antes da voz mudar, com a finalidade de manter sua capacidade de cantar com um registro agudo, compensando a falta de mulheres nos palcos e nas igrejas. Embora nessa prática não houvesse a vontade de criar um terceiro sexo, o grande sucesso desses cantores, além das inquestionáveis

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23

Moura Tavares, Isis, and Marília Gomes de Carvalho. "Os castrati: a castração como tecnologia de intervenção corporal." Cadernos de Gênero e Tecnologia 4, no. 15/16 (2008): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/cgh.v4n15/16.6176.

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A intenção desse texto é analisar as relações entre corpo, gênero, música e tecnologia, tendo como referência principal dessa análise os castrati, homens castrados antes da puberdade para manter sua voz aguda mesmo na idade adulta. Durante o período barroco europeu, o uso da castração como tecnologia de intervenção corporal gerou um dos maiores e, curiosamente, menos conhecidos fenômenos da música vocal ocidental. A castração dessas crianças criava nos grupos sociais aos quais pertenciam uma relação entre corpo, arte e tecnologia sui generis, pois a construção cultural do corpo desses meninos

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Moura Tavares, Isis, and Marília Gomes de Carvalho. "Os castrati: a castração como tecnologia de intervenção corporal." Cadernos de Gênero e Tecnologia 4, no. 15/16 (2008): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/cgt.v4n15/16.6176.

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A intenção desse texto é analisar as relações entre corpo, gênero, música e tecnologia, tendo como referência principal dessa análise os castrati, homens castrados antes da puberdade para manter sua voz aguda mesmo na idade adulta. Durante o período barroco europeu, o uso da castração como tecnologia de intervenção corporal gerou um dos maiores e, curiosamente, menos conhecidos fenômenos da música vocal ocidental. A castração dessas crianças criava nos grupos sociais aos quais pertenciam uma relação entre corpo, arte e tecnologia sui generis, pois a construção cultural do corpo desses meninos

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25

Harris, J. "Sparrows, hedgehogs and castrati: reflections on gender and enhancement." Journal of Medical Ethics 37, no. 5 (2011): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2011.043695.

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26

Тагиров, Х. Х., Н. Ю. Николаева, and Р. Р. ИШБЕРДИНА. "GROWTH AND MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF YOUNG HEREFORD BREED IN CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA." Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33943/mms.2021.78.96.003.

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Изучены особенности роста и продуктивные качества бычков и кастратов герефордской породы, выращенных в условиях Томской области. Исследования проводили на 2 группах животных от 15- до 24-месячного возраста. В I группу входили бычки, во II — кастраты. Средняя живая масса бычков-кастратов в начале и в конце периода исследований превосходила массу бычков I группы. Наибольший прирост живой массы с 15-месячного возраста наблюдался у бычков I группы, начиная с 20 мес, кастрированные животные показали лучшие результаты. Абсолютный ежемесячный прирост живой массы был выше в 1,5—2 раза у бычков I групп

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Cohen, R. D. H., B. D. King, P. S. W. Hunter, and E. D. Janzen. "Efficacy of chemical castration and effects of age at castration and implant regime on growth rate, testicular measurements and testosterone levels of beef calves." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 1 (1991): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-001.

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In 1984–1985 and 1985–1986, groups of 136 and 127 male calves were used to assess the effects of multiple implants (Ralgro or Steeroid), castration time (early or late) and castration method (surgical or chemical) on testicular development and weight gain for 28 d following castration. Ralgro-implanted bull calves had smaller scrotal circumference (P < 0.001) and testicle weight (P < 0.001) than nonimplanted calves at early castration (59 ± 1 d), late castration (157 ± 1 d) and at slaughter (459 ± 3 d). Steeroid had no effect on testicle weight at early castration (40 ± 1 d) but reduced

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Duncan, Cheryll. "Castrati and impresarios in London: two mid-eighteenth-century lawsuits." Cambridge Opera Journal 24, no. 1 (2012): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586712000134.

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AbstractTwo King's Bench lawsuits in The National Archives of the UK contain new information about the activities of castrati working in mid-eighteenth-century London. Monticelli v. Sackville (1748) confirms Horace Walpole's testimony that singers employed by the Earl of Middlesex's opera company received enormous salaries. Manfredini v. Geminiani (1751) preserves details of a contract of employment between singer and impresario that went disastrously wrong for both parties. An account of the London careers of the main protagonists is supplied to contextualise the new information.

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29

Emanuele, N. V., J. Jurgens, N. La Paglia, D. W. Williams, and M. R. Kelley. "The effect of castration on steady state levels of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) mRNA and proLHRH processing: time course study utilizing semi-quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction." Journal of Endocrinology 148, no. 3 (1996): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1480509.

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Abstract Many studies have consistently shown that castration induces a prompt increase in serum levels and pituitary content of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as a concomitant rise in steady state levels of the messenger RNAs directing their synthesis. The reports of effects of castration on the overall physiology of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) — steady state levels of LHRH mRNA, post-translational processing and secretion — have, however, not been consistent. The goal of the studies reported here was t

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30

Gao, Y., U. Simanainen, and D. J. Handelsman. "138. REGION- AND TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN STRUCTURE AND CELLULAR TURNOVER IN ANDROGEN DEPRIVED MOUSE EPIDIDYMIS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 9 (2009): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb09abs138.

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Epididymal maturation of spermatozoa including acquisition of motility and fertilizing ability depends on androgens both directly from testis and indirectly via the circulation. Androgen action via androgen receptor (AR) can cause both proliferative and anti-proliferative effects (1,2) so we have analysed changes in mouse epididymis following androgen deprivation either by orchidectomy or in prostate epithelial AR knockout (PEARKO) males with reduced androgen action also in epididymis (3). Structural changes (stereology), proliferation (PCNA) and apoptosis (TUNEL) were compared between mature

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31

Gazzola, C., M. R. Jeffery, D. H. White, R. A. Hill, and D. J. Reid. "Effect of age of castration, oestradiol treatment and genotype on the fat colour of beef cattle raised at pasture." Animal Science 73, no. 2 (2001): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058239.

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AbstractIt is hypothesized that the fat colour of steers raised at pasture can be manipulated by altering animal growth patterns using the effects of post-pubertal surgical castration and oestradiol treatment. The fat colour of 151 steers of three genotypes of beef cattle, castrated at approximately 9 months or 18 months of age and treated, or not treated, with oestradiol after castration, was studied.Surgical castration of beef cattle at both 9 months of age or 18 months of age caused no readily apparent animal welfare problems. The combined effects of early or late castration and oestradiol

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Cauble, Reagan N., Powell G. Powell, Elizabeth Kegley, et al. "53 Effects of an injectable zinc solution at weaning as an alternative castration method during the backgrounding period in beef bulls." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.038.

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Abstract Castration is a routine management practice performed on an estimated 15 million bull calves each year in the United States. Although castration is a common practice worldwide, the process causes pain and stress that temporarily reduces performance. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of a novel injectable zinc solution as an alternative castration method on the growth performance, testicular width, and serum testosterone concentrations of weaned beef bulls. Calves (n = 74) were processed at birth and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 castration methods: 1) negati

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Cauble, Reagan N., Powell G. Powell, Elizabeth Kegley, et al. "54 Effects of an injectable zinc solution at weaning as an alternative castration method during the backgrounding period in beef bulls." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (2020): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.106.

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Abstract Castration is a routine management practice performed on an estimated 15 million bull calves each year in the United States. Although castration is a common practice worldwide, the process causes pain and stress that temporarily reduces performance. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of a novel injectable zinc solution as an alternative castration method on the growth performance, testicular width, and serum testosterone concentrations of weaned beef bulls. Calves (n = 74) were processed at birth and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 castration methods: 1) negati

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34

Kowaleski‐Wallace, Beth. "Shunning the bearded kiss: Castrati and the definition of female sexuality." Prose Studies 15, no. 2 (1992): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440359208586466.

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35

Anders, Sérgio. "O legado castrati: um breve estudo sobre a castração de garotos na Itália e sua contribuição para a história da música." Opus 28 (May 17, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20504/opus2022.28.02.

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Buscando desviar-se da ficção e apresentando uma narrativa histórica fundamentada em fontes bibliográficas primárias, este artigo pretende elucidar o pensamento da sociedade italiana da época, de seus governantes, bem como da igreja, mostrando suas especulações e controvérsias a respeito da prática da castração de garotos para fins religiosos-musicais: isto é, para a glória de Deus (ad honorem Dei). Dessa maneira, almejamos que as considerações apontadas aqui contribuam para um melhor entendimento do fenômeno castrati, como participantes diretos na gênese do canto operático italiano, cujo lega

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King, B. D., R. D. H. Cohen, C. L. Guenther, and E. D. Janzen. "The effect of age and method of castration on plasma cortisol in beef calves." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 2 (1991): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-033.

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Plasma cortisol concentration (PCC) was measured at 0, 2 min, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 30 h in 36 calves castrated at 78 ± 12 d of age or 167 ± 14 d of age by either surgical or burdizzo methods or left as bulls (control). At 2 min, bull calves had greater (P < 0.05) PCC (22.2 ± 4.5 μg L−1) than burdizzo castrates (10.4 ± 3.0 μg L−1) while surgical castrates were intermediate and not different (P > 0.05) from either group (11.4 ± 2.9 μg L−1). There were no further differences between groups until the 30 h postcastration bleed when PCC for bull calves (22.1 ± 6.0 μg L−1) was greater (P < 0.05)

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MAGEROY, JON H., ELDFRID J. GREPPERUD, and KNUT HELGE JENSEN. "Who benefits from reduced reproduction in parasitized hosts? An experimental test using the Pasteuria ramosa-Daphnia magna system." Parasitology 138, no. 14 (2011): 1910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001302.

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SUMMARYWe investigated whether parasites or hosts benefit from reduced reproduction in infected hosts. When parasites castrate their hosts, the regain of host reproduction is necessary for castration to be a host adaptation. When infecting Daphnia magna with Pasteuria ramosa, in a lake water based medium, 49 2% of the castrated females regained reproduction. We investigated the relationship between castration level, and parasite and host fitness proxies to determine the adaptive value of host castration. Hosts which regained reproduction contained less spores and had a higher lifetime reproduc

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Gazzola, C., M. R. Jeffery, D. H. White, R. A. Hill, and D. J. Reid. "Effect of delayed castration on the growth rate, behaviour and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration of beef cattle on tropical pasture." Animal Science 75, no. 1 (2002): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800052814.

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AbstractMale beef calves in northern Australia are generally castrated under 6 months of age as an aid to management of animal behaviour and for the purpose of producing sufficiently fat carcasses at slaughter. It is also common for beef producers to administer hormone growth promotants, such as oestradiol, to increase the growth rates of steers at pasture. This experiment tested the hypothesis that delaying castration by 9 months would produce an increase in growth rate for the period while the cattle are retained as bulls without compromising management of animal behaviour. Bulls of three ge

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Cusick, Suzanne, and Silvana Scarinci. "Gênero e música barroca." Per Musi, no. 20 (2009): 07–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-75992009000200002.

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Na Europa dos séculos XVII e XVIII, a cultura musical e aquilo que os antropólogos denominam de "sistema de sexo/gênero" eram áreas importantes para seres humanos comuns (e não filósofos) confrontarem e se engajarem com as ansiedades epistemológicas e sociais que caracterizavam a era. Este ensaio deverá explorar a miríade de relações entre gênero e cultura musical barroca, com ênfase especial nos aspectos mais exóticos destas relações - os papéis adotados pelas cortesãs, castrati e seus patrões da mais alta elite com o intuito de manter a prática musical como um meio para a representação e cir

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Rosselli, John. "The Castrati as a Professional Group and a Social Phenomenon, 1550-1850." Acta Musicologica 60, no. 2 (1988): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/932789.

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Borowski, Devon J. "Camping Empire." Journal of Musicology 42, no. 1 (2025): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1525/jm.2025.42.1.1.

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In 1781 William Thomas Beckford (1760–1844) inherited a vast colonial fortune built on West Indian sugar and slavery. To mark the occasion, his guardians commissioned a cantata from Venanzio Rauzzini (with words by Girolamo Tonioli) and enlisted the renowned castrati Gasparo Pacchierotti and Giusto Ferdinando Tenducci to perform it. More than a simple panegyric, Il tributo was a thinly veiled attempt at “straightening out” the young man’s perceived effeminacy and his apathy over the business of empire, qualities that were all the more problematic in light of his white West Indian ancestry. The

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Abdulkhalikov, Rustam Z., Mukhamed M. Shakhmurzov, Timur T. Tarchokov, and Anatoly F. Shevkhuzhev. "Economic efficiency of using high energy of bulls’ growth." Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov 3(37) (2022): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55196/2411-3492-2022-3-37-58-65.

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The article presents the results of research on the comparative assessment of the growth, development and meat productivity of calves and castrates of Kalmyk and Simmental breeds under the same conditions of feeding and maintenance and identification of ways to increase the profitability of beef production by using the physiological state of young animals. The experimental young animals received the same amount of feed by volume and the composition of the diet was the same. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the live weight of bulls of both breeds with their intensive cult

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Antzoulatos, Eleni, Michael W. Jakowec, Giselle M. Petzinger, and Ruth I. Wood. "MPTP Neurotoxicity and Testosterone Induce Dendritic Remodeling of Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons in the C57Bl/6 Mouse." Parkinson's Disease 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/138471.

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Nigrostriatal damage is increased in males relative to females. While estrogen is neuroprotective in females, less is known about potential protective effects of testosterone in males. We determined if castration enhances neuronal injury to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Castrates or sham-castrated mice were sacrificed 1 week following injection of MPTP (4×20 mg/kg) or saline (n=11-12/group). The right striatum was immunostained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The left hemisphere was stained by Golgi Cox to quantify neuronal morphology in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the

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REILLY, CHRISTOPHER M., VIVIENNE S. STOPPER та THOMAS M. MILLS. "Androgens Modulate the α‐Adrenergic Responsiveness of Vascular Smooth Muscle in the Corpus Cavernosum". Journal of Andrology 18, № 1 (1997): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1997.tb01873.x.

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ABSTRACT: Rat penile erection is an androgen‐dependent process with castration leading to a loss of potency. The present study was designed to determine if one of the mechanisms by which androgens maintain the erectile response is the regulation of the α‐adrenergic responsiveness of cavemosal smooth muscle. Electrical stimulation of the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) was used to elicit erection in untreated, castrated rats (CASTRATE) or castrated rats given testosterone replacement (TESTO). The effects of phenylephrine (an α1‐adrenergic agonist) and prazosin (an α1‐adrenergic antagonist) on the e

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Chen, Yu-An, Jing-Yan Chen, Wei-Qun Chen, Wen-Yen Wang, and Hsi-Hsun Wu. "Effects of Castration Age on the Growth Performance of Nubian Crossbred Male Goats." Animals 12, no. 24 (2022): 3516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243516.

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To determine the optimal timing for performing castration on goats, eighteen male Nubian crossbred goats were randomly assigned to two groups and castrated at 3 months and 6 months of age, respectively. Daily dry matter intake, biweekly body weights, and ultrasonic measurements of longissimus dorsi muscle growth were recorded. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the blood parameter analysis (except testosterone, 0.36 ± 0.26 vs. 3.61 ± 0.27 ng/mL at 25 weeks old), economic analysis, and growth performance, including final body weight, to

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Bilsborrow, Kayla, Yolande M. Seddon, Jennifer Brown, Cheryl Waldner, and Joseph M. Stookey. "An investigation of a novel behavioural test to assess pain in piglets following castration." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 96, no. 3 (2016): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2015-0109.

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A novel behavioural test using a handling chute was evaluated over two trials as an objective method to assess pain in piglets following castration. Piglet (n = 98) navigation time (NT) through a handling chute was measured at specific time points up to 24 h post treatment. In trial 1, comparing the NT of castrates (C) and sham castrates (SC), C piglets had a longer NT than SC at 0 and 15 min post treatment (P < 0.05), with no differences thereafter. In trial 2, the effect of an analgesic to control postoperative pain on NT was examined, with castrated piglets given a half (CH) or full (CF)

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Aspden, Suzanne. "Ballads and Britons: Imagined Community and the Continuity of ‘English’ Opera." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 122, no. 1 (1997): 24–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/122.1.24.

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Joseph Addison's Spectator is perhaps the best-known early eighteenth-century periodical, its title a byword for the period's acute critical sensibility, its pages of enthusiastic enquiry a fitting monument to what we like to call the ‘Age of Reason’. Of the many commentaries on opera included in its pages, Spectator no. 5 (6 March 1711), critiquing the inadequacy of attempts at scenic verisimilitude on London's operatic stage, is justly renowned. Addison's tale of the undesirable (and wholly unmusical) results of releasing quantities of sparrows inside a theatre derives much of its pungency f

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Araujo, Matheus Treuk Medeiros de. "Achaemenid court eunuchs in their Near Eastern context: images in the longue durée." Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material 31 (December 21, 2023): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1982-02672023v31e34.

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This study aims to compare some images of beardless attendants in monumental reliefs from the Achaemenid (c. 550-330 BCE) and Neo-Assyrian (c. 911-612 BCE) empires, which we consider relevant sources for the study of court eunuchs and cultural conceptions about castrati. We argue that such comparisons are possible since eunuchism was a long-standing institution in the Ancient Near East, as shown by several analogies with the Assyrian evidence. We also argue that scholars have downplayed the importance of court eunuchs due to gender/sex assumptions based on Western and modern perspectives that

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Ginori Lozano, Salvador. "El soprano como eje de evolución vocal de 1695 a 1811. Historiografía de los tratados de canto de los cantantes castrados." Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 8, no. 4 (2024): 4489–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v8i4.12675.

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El presente artículo contiene el resultado de una investigación en las fuentes primarias sobre la estética del canto de los maestros castrados y los recursos técnicos que utilizaron para construir una emisión vocal capaz de interpretar el repertorio operístico del siglo XVIII. Se recurrió a los tratados y métodos de canto de los castrati Giovanni Bontempi, Francesco Tosi, Giambatista Mancini, Giuseppe Aprile y Girolamo Crescentini, cantantes que por su vocación pedagógica se les denomina en el presente trabajo maestros castrados. Se interpretaron la terminología y los conceptos en los idiomas

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Hanafi, Nahema. "Testicules, masculinités et normes de genre. Les récits scientifiques français sur les castrats italiens au siècle des Lumières." Fabriquer les masculinités 25 (2024): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/1217e.

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Peu présents dans la France des Lumières, les castrats italiens n’en deviennent pas moins un sujet de discussion scientifique dans le royaume en ce qu’ils incarnent un eunuchisme occidental. Mobilisée pour penser les limites éthiques du geste chirurgical, la castration musicale s’invite dans différents traités, de manière développée ou plus anecdotique, et renvoie à de multiples questionnements relatifs aux normes corporelles, aux identités de genre, aux capacités reproductives ou à la sexualité. Cet article s’emploie à observer la façon dont le tableau physique et moral des castrats élaboré p

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